]
render their islands to the Athenians, and the MILTIADES, joint commander of the Pelopon-
mode in which they attempted to elude it by nesian fleet with Lysander and Philochares at the
offering to surrender them when a fleet should sail close of the Peloponnesian war.
render their islands to the Athenians, and the MILTIADES, joint commander of the Pelopon-
mode in which they attempted to elude it by nesian fleet with Lysander and Philochares at the
offering to surrender them when a fleet should sail close of the Peloponnesian war.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
He therefore the Olympic games, and as often at the Pythian ;
went into exile. Cicero, who could not deliver, but having entered the lists at Olympia a seventh
re wrote and expanded the defence of Milo — the time, he was worsted by the superior agility of his
Tbe mot
passing th:
saw the tr
split open
it further,
and thus
attacked a
Paus. vi.
V. H. ii.
est. 9; SC
Scbol. ad
Cic. de Se
The ar
store ciu
Gellias,
Olympiad
Epeirus,
troops to
vious to E
2 AB
He appes
out his
tioned as
the battle
munsels
Sicily, B
mand in
finally a
Epeirus,
Tarentur
cording
Pyrrhus
states th:
themsels
wis in
citadel
allowed
Fiji. 4,5
## p. 1087 (#1103) ##########################################
MILON.
1087
MILTIADES.
Ver
ܥܕ ܀
Beigas
To Be
" fra
prie B
his caza
zoe af om
do 2003
adversary. By these successes he obtained great 3. An Epeirot, who assassinated. Deïdameian
distinction among his countrymen, so that he was the daughter of Pyrrhas II. , at the altar of Diana,
even appointed to command the army, with which to which she had fled for refuge (DEIDAMBIA).
they took the field against the Sybarites under For this sacrilege he was punished by a fit of
Telys, and bore an important part in the great frenzy, and put an end to his own life in a miser-
battle at the Crathis, B. C. 511. Diodorus even able manner. (Justin. xxviii. 3. )
goes so far as to attribute the memorable victory 4. Of Beroea, an officer in the army of Perseus
of the Crotoniats on that occasion almost wholly with which he opposed the Roman consul P. Lici-
to the personal strength and prowess of Milon, nius Crassus B. c. 171. (Liv. xlii. 58. ) He is
who is said to have taken the field accoutred like again mentioned as holding an important command
Hercules, and wearing the chaplet of his Olympic under Perscus just before the battle of Pydna,
victory. (Diod. xii. 9. ) This is the only instance B. C. 166. After that action he fled, with his two
in which he appears in any public capacity ; but colleagues, Hippias and Pantauchus, to Beroen,
we learn from Herodotus that, so great was the where they were the first to set the example of
reputation he enjoyed, that when the physician defection, by surrendering that fortress into the
Democedes took refuge at Crotona, he hastened to hands of Aemilius Paullus. (Liv. xliv. 32, 45 ;
obtain a daughter of Milon in marriage, trusting to Plut. Aemil. 16. )
(E. H. B. ]
the effect that his name would produce even upon MILOʻNIA CAESOʻNIA. (CAESONIA. ]
the Persian king. (Herod. iii. 137. ) Many stories MILTAS (Miatas), a Thessalian soothsayer,
are related by ancient writers of his extraordinary who accompanied Dion on his expedition against
feats of strength, which are for the most part well Dionysius. He was also attached to the Platonic
known; such as bis carrying a heifer of four years philosophy. (Plut. Dion, p. 967, c. ; Fabric. Bible
old on his shoulders through the stadium at Graec, vol. iii. p. 179. )
(C. P. M. ]
Olympia, and afterwards eating the whole of it in MILTIADES (Multiádns), a name borne by at
a single day. Some of the modes by which he least three of the family of the Cimonidae. (See
displayed his gigantic powers before the assembled the stemma in the article Cimon. ] The family
multitude appear to have been commemorated by sprang from Aegina, and traced their descent to
the attitude of his statue at Olympia, at least if we Acacus. In the genealogy of the family given in
may trust the account of it given by Philostratus ; the life of Thucydides which bears the name of
but Pausanias, while he relates the same anecdotes, Marcellinus, mention is made of a Miltiades, son
does not give us to understand that the statue of Tisander ; but it is very questionable whether
itself was so represented. (Paus. vi. 14. $$ 6, 7; even the text is correct. The two following are
Philostr. Vil. Apoll. iv. 28. )
celebrated :-). The son of Cypselus, who was a
The mode of his death is thus related : as he was man of considerable distinction in Athens in the
passing through a forest when enfeebled by age, he time of Peisistratus. The Doloncians, a Thracian
saw the trunk of a tree which had been partially tribe dwelling in the Chersonesus, being hard
split open by woodcutters, and attempted to rend pressed in war by the Absinthians, applied to the
it further, but the wood closed upon his hands, Delphic oracle for advice, and were directed to
and thus held him fast, in which state he was admit a colony led by the man who should be the
attacked and devoured by wolves. (Diod. xii. 9 ; first to entertain them after they left the temple.
Paus. vi. 14, 8 5—8; Athen. x. p. 412; Aelian, This was Miltiades, who, eager to escape from the
V. H. ii. 24; Gell. xv. 16; Val. Max. ix. 12, rule of Peisistratus, gladly took the lead of a colony
ext. 9; Suid. s. v. Mlawv; Schol. ad Theocr. iv. 6; under the sanction of the oracle, and became
Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. 55; Tzetz. Chil. ii. 460; tyrant of the Chersonese, which he fortified by a
Cic. de Sen. 10. )
wall built across its isthmus. In a war with the
The
age of Milon is clearly fixed by the passages people of Lampsacus he was taken prisoner, but
abore cited from Diodorus and Herodotus: Aulus was set at liberty on the demand of Croesus. He
Gellius, who states that he was victor in the 50th died without leaving any children, and his sove-
Olympiad, is certainly in error.
reignty passed into the hands of Ste goras, the son
2. A general in the service of Pyrrhus king of of his half-brother Cimon. Sacrifices and games
Epeirus, who sent him forward with a body of were instituted in his honour, in which no Lamp-
troops to garrison the citadel of Tarentum, pre- sacene was suffered to take part. (Herod. vi. 34,
vious to his own arrival in Italy. (Zonar. viii. 2. ) | 38, 103, 36–38. ) Both Cornelius Nepos (Milt.
He appears to have accompanied Pyrrhus through- i. 1) and Pausanias (vi. 19. § 6) confound this
out his campaigns in that country, and is men- Miltiades with the following:
tioned as urging the king to continue the war after 2. The son of Cimon and brother of Stesagoras,
the battle of Heracleia in opposition to the pacific became tyrant of the Chersonesus on the death of
counsels of Cineas. When Pyrrhus went into the latter, being sent out by Peisistratus from
Sicily, B C. 278, he left Milon to hold the com- Athens to take possession of the vacant inherit-
mand in Italy during his absence; and when he ance. By a stratagem he got the chief men of the
finally quitted that country and withdrew into Chersonesus into his power and threw them into
Epeirus, he still left him in charge of the citadel of prison, and took a force of mercenaries into his
Tarentum, together with his son Helenus. Ac- pay. In order probably to strengthen his position
cording to Justin, they were both recalled by still more he married Hegesipyla, the daughter of
Pyrrhus himself soon afterwards ; but Zonaras a Thracian prince named Olorus. (Herod. vi. 39. )
states that he was hard pressed by the Tarentines He joined Dareius Hystaspis on his expedition
themselves, assisted by a Carthaginian fleet, and against the Scythians, and was left with the other
was in consequence induced to surrender the Greeks in charge of the bridge over the Danube.
citadel to the Romans, on condition of being (Herod. iv. 137. ) That when the appointed time
allowed to withdraw his garrison in safety. (Zonar. had expired and Dareius had not returned, Mil-
viii. 4, 5, 6; Justin. xxv. 3. )
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## p. 1088 (#1104) ##########################################
1088
MILTIADES.
MIMNERMUS.
Heren
parar
of hi
Laeri
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have
in a
597)
bo
tion.
To
(Suid
BibAK
Compi
togelt
erotic
monk
1
Dotice
to for
of his
a
bridge and leave Dareius to his fate, is the account | and after receiving a dangerous hurt in the leg
repeated by every writer since Herodotus ; but while penetrating into a sacred enclosure on some
doubts have been raised respecting its truth which superstitious errand, he was compelled to raise the
it is not easy to set aside. If true it could not siege and return to Athens, where he was im-
have remained unknown to Dareius, and yet Mil- peached by Xanthippus for having deceived the
tindes was left in quiet possession of his principality people. His wound had turned into a gangrene,
for several years, though during that period aand being unable to plead his cause in person he
Persian force was engaged in military operations was brought into court on a couch, his brother
in his neighbourhood. Bishop Thirlwall (History Tisagoras conducting his defence for him. He was
of Greece, vol. ii. Appendix 2) is inclined to look condemned, but on the ground of his services to
upon the story as a fabrication which was invented the state the penalty was commuted to a fine of
and spread after Miltiades came to Athens for the fifty talents, the cost of the equipment of the ar-
purpose of counteracting the odium with which he mament. Being unable to pay this he was thrown
was at first regarded as a tyrant. Some time after into prison, where he not long after died of his
the expedition of Dareius an inroad of the Scythians wound. The fine was afterwards paid by his son
drove Miltiades from his possessions ; but after the Cimon. (Herod. vi. 132—136 ; Plut. Cimon, p.
enemy had retired the Doloncians brought him 480, d. ) After his death a separate monument
back. (Herod. vi. 40. ) It appears to have been was erected to his memory on the field of Marathon.
between this period and his withdrawal to Athens (Paus. i. 15. § 3. )
that Miltiades conquered and expelled the Pelas- 3. A grandson of the preceding, the son of
gian inhabitants of Lemnos and Imbros and sub- Cimon, of the name of Miltiades, is mentioned in
jected the islands to the dominion of Attica. the scholia on Aristides (iii. p. 515, Dindorf), and
(Herod. vi. 137, 140. ). The story of the origin of by Aeschines (de Falsa Leg. p. 301, ed. Steph. ),
the enmity between the Athenians and these Pe who speaks of him as having gone as herald to
lasgians, of the promise made by the offenders in the Lacedaemonians before the conclusion of the
accordance with the direction of the oracle to sur-fifty years' truce.
(C. P. M.
]
render their islands to the Athenians, and the MILTIADES, joint commander of the Pelopon-
mode in which they attempted to elude it by nesian fleet with Lysander and Philochares at the
offering to surrender them when a fleet should sail close of the Peloponnesian war. (Lys. adv. Era-
to them from Attica in one day with a north wind, Losth. p. 430, ed. Reiske. )
(C. P. M. ]
and of the way in which Miltiades, setting out MIMALLON (Μιμαλλών, or Μιμαλών), the
from the Chersonesus, which was in some sort Macedonian name of the Bacchantes, or, according
Attic ground, fulfilled the seemingly impossible to others, of Bacchic Amazons (Strab. I. p. 468 ;
condition, and demanded the surrender which he Plut. Alex. 2 ; Lycoph. 1464). The name is com-
had the power to enforce from those who resisted, monly connected with the verb periodai, to imitate,
will be found in Herodotus. Lemnos and Imbros because on one occasion, it is said, the Macedonians
belonged to the Persian dominions (Herod. v. 26), while at war with the Illyrian king Calander, added
and Thirlwall has suggested that this encroachment the Bacchantes to their army, in order to make it
on the Persian possessions was probably the cause appear more numerous (Schol. ad Pers. Sat. i. 99);
which drew upon Miltiades the hostility of Dareius, but the etymology is uncertain. Orid (Ars Am.
and led him to Ay from the Chersonesus when the i. 541) uses the form Mimallonides for Mimal-
Phoenician fleet approached, after the subjugation lones.
(L. S. )
of lonia Miltiades reached Athens in safety, but MIMAS (Mluas). 1. A Centaur. (Hes. Scut.
his eldest son Metiochus fell into the hands of Herc. 186. )
the Persians. (Herodot. vi. 41. ) At Athens 2. A giant who is said to have been killed by
Miltiades was arraigned, as being amenable to Ares, or by Zeus with a flash of lightning (Apollon.
the penalties enacted against tyranny, but was Rhod. iii. 1227 ; Eurip. Ion, 215). The island of
acquitted. When Attica was threatened with Prochyte, near Sicily, was believed to rest upon his
invasion by the Persians under Datis and Arta- body. (Sil. Ital. xii
. 147. )
phernes, Miltiades was chosen one of the ten 3. A son of Aeolus, king of Aeolis, and father
generals. According to Pausanias (iii. 12. $ 7), it of Hippotes. (Diod. iv. 67. )
was by his advice that the Persian heralds who 4. A son of Amycus and Theano, was bom in
had come to demand earth and water were put to the same night as Paris. He was a companion of
death. When the Athenians advanced against the Aeneas, and slain by Mezentius. (Virg. Aen. I.
Persians, Miltiades by his arguments induced the 702, &c. )
polemarch Callimachus to give the casting vote in 5. A Bebrys, who was slain by Castor during
favour of risking a battle with the enemy, the the expedition of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod.
opinions of the ten generals being equally divided. ii. 105. )
(L. S. )
Miltiades waited till his turn came, and then drew MIMNERMUS (Mſuvepuos), a celebrated ele-
his army up in battle array on the ever memorable giac poet. There were various accounts as to his
field of Marathon. For an account of the battle birthplace. Some authorities spoke of Colophon,
and of the tactics by which the victory was se- others of Smyrna, others of Astypalaea (it is not
cured the reader is again referred to Herodotus specified which of the places of that name) as his
(vi. 104, 109, &c. ). After the defeat of the native city. (Suidas, s. v. Mluepuvos. ) He was
Persians Miltiades endeavoured to urge the generally called a Colophonian (Strab. xiv. p. 643);
Athenians to measures of retaliation, and induced but from a fragment of his poem entitled Nanno
them to entrust to him an armament of seventy | it appears that he was descended from those
ships, without knowing the purpose for which they Colophonians who reconquered Smyrna from the
were designed. He proceeded to attack the island Aeolians (Strab. xiv. p. 63+), and that, strictly
of Paros, for the purpose of gratifying a private speaking, Smyrna was his birthplace. Mimnermus
enmity. His attacks, however, were unsuccessful; | flourished from about B. C. 634 to the age of the
a poe!
player
Lernu
poetry
Foted
convis
indeed
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System
mourn
of the
condi:
chols
their
change
Mima
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spoken
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instabi
pored,
self in,
dwelt
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The las
and as
tion in
Dert, i.
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poet (S
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of the
Since t
elegiac
characte
of as t
Hermes
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ατό τεν
derstood
more C
stress o
VOL.
## p. 1089 (#1105) ##########################################
MIMNERMUS.
1089
MINDARUS.
2
ܠ siA
1]
seven sages (about B. c. 600). He was a contem- | change which Minnermus made in the character
porary of Solon, who, in an extant fragment of one of elegiac poetry. (Comp. Propert. i. 9. 11. )
of his poems, addresses him as still living (Diog. Mimnermus is the oldest poet who mentioned an
Laërt. i. 60; Bergk, Poetae Lyrici Graeci, p. 339). eclipse of the sun, and spoke of it as a threatening
No other biographical particulars respecting him and mournful sign. (Plut. De Facie in Orbe Lunde,
have come down to us, except what is mentioned p. 931, e. ) He is also the earliest authority that
in a fragment of Hermesianar (Athen. xiii. p. we have for the mythus that the sun, after setting
597) of his love for a flute-player named Nanno, in the west, is carried round the earth in a golden
who does not seem to have returned his affec- bowl, the work of Hephaestus, by the river
tion.
Oceanus back again to the east. " (Athen. xi. p.
The numerous compositions of Mimnermus 470, a. ) In his account of the voyage of Jason,
(Suidas, who calls hiin Mluepuvos, says épave also, he removed the dwelling of Aeëtes to the
Bibula molná) were preserved for several centuries, shores of Oceanus.
comprised in two books, until they were burnt, The fragments of Mimnermus have been several
together with most of the other monuments of the times published, in the collections of Stephens,
erotic poetry of the Greeks, by the Byzantine Brunck, Gaisford, Buissonade, and Bergk. There
monks. A few fragments only have come down to is a separate edition by Bach, Lips. 1826. They
us; sufficient, however, when compared with the have been translated by Stollberg, Herder, Secken-
notices contained in ancient writers, to enable us dorf, A. W. v. Schlegel, and others. (Fabric.
to form a tolerably accurate judgment of the nature Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 733; K. O. Müller, History
of his poetry. These fragments belong chiefly to of the Literature of Ancient Greece, p. 115, &c. ;
a poem entitled Nanno, and addressed to the flute Bode, Gesch. der Hellen. Dichtkunst, vol. ii. pp.
player of that name. The compositions of Mim- 173, 175, 247, &c. )
[C. P. M. )
nermus form an epoch in the history of elegiac MINATIA GÉNS, plebeian, and of very little
poetry. Before his time the elegy had been de- note. On coins we find mention of an M. Mina-
voted chiefly either to warlike and national, or to tius Sabinus, who was a legate under Cn. Pompey,
convivial and joyous subjects. Archilochus had, the younger, in Spain (Eckhel, rol v. p. 253), and
indeed, occasionally employed the elegy for strains one of the ancestors of Velleius Paterculus was
of lamentation, but Mimnermus was the first who called Minatius Magius. (Magius, No. 3. ]
systematically made it the vehicle for plaintive, MI'NDARUS (Mivdapos), a Lacedaemonian,
mournful, and erotic strains. The threnetic origin was sent out in B. c. 411, to succeed Astyochus in
of the elegy, the national temperament and social the office of Admiral. In the same year, having
condition of the Asiatic Ionians, and the melan: reason to believe that the Phoenician ships, pro-
choly feelings with which they must have regarded mised by Tissaphernes, would never be forthcoming,
their subjection to the Lydians, rendered this he listened to the invitation of Pharnabazus, and
change easy and natural; and the elegiac poems of sailed from Miletus to the territory of the latter
Mimnermus may be looked upon as a correct ex- satrap on the Hellespont, having managed to es-
ponent of the general tone of feeling which marked cape the notice of the Athenian fleet, which was
his
age and people. Though warlike themes were aware of his intention and had removed from Samos
not altogether unnoticed by him (the war between to Lesbos with the view of preventing its execu-
Gyges and the Smyrnaeans was one topic of this tion. At Sestos he surprised the Athenian squad-
kind which he dwelt upon), he seems to have ron there, which escaped with difficulty and with
spoken of valorous deeds more in a tone of regret, the loss of four ships. The Athenians, however,
as things that had been, than with any view of under Thrasyllus and Thrasybulus followed him to
rousing his countrymen to emulate thein. The the north from Lesbos, and defeated him in the
instability of human happiness, the helplessness of Hellespont, off Cynossema. After the battle, Min-
man, the cares and miseries to which life is ex- darus sent to Euboea to Hegesandridas for rein-
posed, the brief season that man has to enjoy him forcements, and in the meantime we find him fur-
self in, the wretchedness of old age, are plaintively nishing aid to the Aeolians of Antandrus in their
dwelt upon by him, while love is held up as the insurrection against the garrison of Tissaphernes in
only consolation that men possess, life not being their town. Soon after we hear of him offering
worth having when it can no longer be enjoyed. sacrifices to Athena, at Ilium, whence he hastened
The latter topic was most frequently dwelt upon, to the aid of DORIEUS, who had been engaged with
and as an erotic poet he was held in high estima- a superior number of Athenian ships. A battle
tion in antiquity. (Hor. Epist. ii. 2. 100; Pro- ensued and continued doubtful, till the arrival of
pert. i. 9. 11. ) From the general character of his reinforcements under Alcibiades gave the victory
poetry he received the name Λιγυστιάδης, to the Athenians. But the latter, having despatched
Aguaotádns. He was a flute player as well as a a large portion of their fleet to different quarters to
poet (Strab. iv. p. 643 ; Hermesianax, ap.
went into exile. Cicero, who could not deliver, but having entered the lists at Olympia a seventh
re wrote and expanded the defence of Milo — the time, he was worsted by the superior agility of his
Tbe mot
passing th:
saw the tr
split open
it further,
and thus
attacked a
Paus. vi.
V. H. ii.
est. 9; SC
Scbol. ad
Cic. de Se
The ar
store ciu
Gellias,
Olympiad
Epeirus,
troops to
vious to E
2 AB
He appes
out his
tioned as
the battle
munsels
Sicily, B
mand in
finally a
Epeirus,
Tarentur
cording
Pyrrhus
states th:
themsels
wis in
citadel
allowed
Fiji. 4,5
## p. 1087 (#1103) ##########################################
MILON.
1087
MILTIADES.
Ver
ܥܕ ܀
Beigas
To Be
" fra
prie B
his caza
zoe af om
do 2003
adversary. By these successes he obtained great 3. An Epeirot, who assassinated. Deïdameian
distinction among his countrymen, so that he was the daughter of Pyrrhas II. , at the altar of Diana,
even appointed to command the army, with which to which she had fled for refuge (DEIDAMBIA).
they took the field against the Sybarites under For this sacrilege he was punished by a fit of
Telys, and bore an important part in the great frenzy, and put an end to his own life in a miser-
battle at the Crathis, B. C. 511. Diodorus even able manner. (Justin. xxviii. 3. )
goes so far as to attribute the memorable victory 4. Of Beroea, an officer in the army of Perseus
of the Crotoniats on that occasion almost wholly with which he opposed the Roman consul P. Lici-
to the personal strength and prowess of Milon, nius Crassus B. c. 171. (Liv. xlii. 58. ) He is
who is said to have taken the field accoutred like again mentioned as holding an important command
Hercules, and wearing the chaplet of his Olympic under Perscus just before the battle of Pydna,
victory. (Diod. xii. 9. ) This is the only instance B. C. 166. After that action he fled, with his two
in which he appears in any public capacity ; but colleagues, Hippias and Pantauchus, to Beroen,
we learn from Herodotus that, so great was the where they were the first to set the example of
reputation he enjoyed, that when the physician defection, by surrendering that fortress into the
Democedes took refuge at Crotona, he hastened to hands of Aemilius Paullus. (Liv. xliv. 32, 45 ;
obtain a daughter of Milon in marriage, trusting to Plut. Aemil. 16. )
(E. H. B. ]
the effect that his name would produce even upon MILOʻNIA CAESOʻNIA. (CAESONIA. ]
the Persian king. (Herod. iii. 137. ) Many stories MILTAS (Miatas), a Thessalian soothsayer,
are related by ancient writers of his extraordinary who accompanied Dion on his expedition against
feats of strength, which are for the most part well Dionysius. He was also attached to the Platonic
known; such as bis carrying a heifer of four years philosophy. (Plut. Dion, p. 967, c. ; Fabric. Bible
old on his shoulders through the stadium at Graec, vol. iii. p. 179. )
(C. P. M. ]
Olympia, and afterwards eating the whole of it in MILTIADES (Multiádns), a name borne by at
a single day. Some of the modes by which he least three of the family of the Cimonidae. (See
displayed his gigantic powers before the assembled the stemma in the article Cimon. ] The family
multitude appear to have been commemorated by sprang from Aegina, and traced their descent to
the attitude of his statue at Olympia, at least if we Acacus. In the genealogy of the family given in
may trust the account of it given by Philostratus ; the life of Thucydides which bears the name of
but Pausanias, while he relates the same anecdotes, Marcellinus, mention is made of a Miltiades, son
does not give us to understand that the statue of Tisander ; but it is very questionable whether
itself was so represented. (Paus. vi. 14. $$ 6, 7; even the text is correct. The two following are
Philostr. Vil. Apoll. iv. 28. )
celebrated :-). The son of Cypselus, who was a
The mode of his death is thus related : as he was man of considerable distinction in Athens in the
passing through a forest when enfeebled by age, he time of Peisistratus. The Doloncians, a Thracian
saw the trunk of a tree which had been partially tribe dwelling in the Chersonesus, being hard
split open by woodcutters, and attempted to rend pressed in war by the Absinthians, applied to the
it further, but the wood closed upon his hands, Delphic oracle for advice, and were directed to
and thus held him fast, in which state he was admit a colony led by the man who should be the
attacked and devoured by wolves. (Diod. xii. 9 ; first to entertain them after they left the temple.
Paus. vi. 14, 8 5—8; Athen. x. p. 412; Aelian, This was Miltiades, who, eager to escape from the
V. H. ii. 24; Gell. xv. 16; Val. Max. ix. 12, rule of Peisistratus, gladly took the lead of a colony
ext. 9; Suid. s. v. Mlawv; Schol. ad Theocr. iv. 6; under the sanction of the oracle, and became
Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. 55; Tzetz. Chil. ii. 460; tyrant of the Chersonese, which he fortified by a
Cic. de Sen. 10. )
wall built across its isthmus. In a war with the
The
age of Milon is clearly fixed by the passages people of Lampsacus he was taken prisoner, but
abore cited from Diodorus and Herodotus: Aulus was set at liberty on the demand of Croesus. He
Gellius, who states that he was victor in the 50th died without leaving any children, and his sove-
Olympiad, is certainly in error.
reignty passed into the hands of Ste goras, the son
2. A general in the service of Pyrrhus king of of his half-brother Cimon. Sacrifices and games
Epeirus, who sent him forward with a body of were instituted in his honour, in which no Lamp-
troops to garrison the citadel of Tarentum, pre- sacene was suffered to take part. (Herod. vi. 34,
vious to his own arrival in Italy. (Zonar. viii. 2. ) | 38, 103, 36–38. ) Both Cornelius Nepos (Milt.
He appears to have accompanied Pyrrhus through- i. 1) and Pausanias (vi. 19. § 6) confound this
out his campaigns in that country, and is men- Miltiades with the following:
tioned as urging the king to continue the war after 2. The son of Cimon and brother of Stesagoras,
the battle of Heracleia in opposition to the pacific became tyrant of the Chersonesus on the death of
counsels of Cineas. When Pyrrhus went into the latter, being sent out by Peisistratus from
Sicily, B C. 278, he left Milon to hold the com- Athens to take possession of the vacant inherit-
mand in Italy during his absence; and when he ance. By a stratagem he got the chief men of the
finally quitted that country and withdrew into Chersonesus into his power and threw them into
Epeirus, he still left him in charge of the citadel of prison, and took a force of mercenaries into his
Tarentum, together with his son Helenus. Ac- pay. In order probably to strengthen his position
cording to Justin, they were both recalled by still more he married Hegesipyla, the daughter of
Pyrrhus himself soon afterwards ; but Zonaras a Thracian prince named Olorus. (Herod. vi. 39. )
states that he was hard pressed by the Tarentines He joined Dareius Hystaspis on his expedition
themselves, assisted by a Carthaginian fleet, and against the Scythians, and was left with the other
was in consequence induced to surrender the Greeks in charge of the bridge over the Danube.
citadel to the Romans, on condition of being (Herod. iv. 137. ) That when the appointed time
allowed to withdraw his garrison in safety. (Zonar. had expired and Dareius had not returned, Mil-
viii. 4, 5, 6; Justin. xxv. 3. )
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## p. 1088 (#1104) ##########################################
1088
MILTIADES.
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bridge and leave Dareius to his fate, is the account | and after receiving a dangerous hurt in the leg
repeated by every writer since Herodotus ; but while penetrating into a sacred enclosure on some
doubts have been raised respecting its truth which superstitious errand, he was compelled to raise the
it is not easy to set aside. If true it could not siege and return to Athens, where he was im-
have remained unknown to Dareius, and yet Mil- peached by Xanthippus for having deceived the
tindes was left in quiet possession of his principality people. His wound had turned into a gangrene,
for several years, though during that period aand being unable to plead his cause in person he
Persian force was engaged in military operations was brought into court on a couch, his brother
in his neighbourhood. Bishop Thirlwall (History Tisagoras conducting his defence for him. He was
of Greece, vol. ii. Appendix 2) is inclined to look condemned, but on the ground of his services to
upon the story as a fabrication which was invented the state the penalty was commuted to a fine of
and spread after Miltiades came to Athens for the fifty talents, the cost of the equipment of the ar-
purpose of counteracting the odium with which he mament. Being unable to pay this he was thrown
was at first regarded as a tyrant. Some time after into prison, where he not long after died of his
the expedition of Dareius an inroad of the Scythians wound. The fine was afterwards paid by his son
drove Miltiades from his possessions ; but after the Cimon. (Herod. vi. 132—136 ; Plut. Cimon, p.
enemy had retired the Doloncians brought him 480, d. ) After his death a separate monument
back. (Herod. vi. 40. ) It appears to have been was erected to his memory on the field of Marathon.
between this period and his withdrawal to Athens (Paus. i. 15. § 3. )
that Miltiades conquered and expelled the Pelas- 3. A grandson of the preceding, the son of
gian inhabitants of Lemnos and Imbros and sub- Cimon, of the name of Miltiades, is mentioned in
jected the islands to the dominion of Attica. the scholia on Aristides (iii. p. 515, Dindorf), and
(Herod. vi. 137, 140. ). The story of the origin of by Aeschines (de Falsa Leg. p. 301, ed. Steph. ),
the enmity between the Athenians and these Pe who speaks of him as having gone as herald to
lasgians, of the promise made by the offenders in the Lacedaemonians before the conclusion of the
accordance with the direction of the oracle to sur-fifty years' truce.
(C. P. M.
]
render their islands to the Athenians, and the MILTIADES, joint commander of the Pelopon-
mode in which they attempted to elude it by nesian fleet with Lysander and Philochares at the
offering to surrender them when a fleet should sail close of the Peloponnesian war. (Lys. adv. Era-
to them from Attica in one day with a north wind, Losth. p. 430, ed. Reiske. )
(C. P. M. ]
and of the way in which Miltiades, setting out MIMALLON (Μιμαλλών, or Μιμαλών), the
from the Chersonesus, which was in some sort Macedonian name of the Bacchantes, or, according
Attic ground, fulfilled the seemingly impossible to others, of Bacchic Amazons (Strab. I. p. 468 ;
condition, and demanded the surrender which he Plut. Alex. 2 ; Lycoph. 1464). The name is com-
had the power to enforce from those who resisted, monly connected with the verb periodai, to imitate,
will be found in Herodotus. Lemnos and Imbros because on one occasion, it is said, the Macedonians
belonged to the Persian dominions (Herod. v. 26), while at war with the Illyrian king Calander, added
and Thirlwall has suggested that this encroachment the Bacchantes to their army, in order to make it
on the Persian possessions was probably the cause appear more numerous (Schol. ad Pers. Sat. i. 99);
which drew upon Miltiades the hostility of Dareius, but the etymology is uncertain. Orid (Ars Am.
and led him to Ay from the Chersonesus when the i. 541) uses the form Mimallonides for Mimal-
Phoenician fleet approached, after the subjugation lones.
(L. S. )
of lonia Miltiades reached Athens in safety, but MIMAS (Mluas). 1. A Centaur. (Hes. Scut.
his eldest son Metiochus fell into the hands of Herc. 186. )
the Persians. (Herodot. vi. 41. ) At Athens 2. A giant who is said to have been killed by
Miltiades was arraigned, as being amenable to Ares, or by Zeus with a flash of lightning (Apollon.
the penalties enacted against tyranny, but was Rhod. iii. 1227 ; Eurip. Ion, 215). The island of
acquitted. When Attica was threatened with Prochyte, near Sicily, was believed to rest upon his
invasion by the Persians under Datis and Arta- body. (Sil. Ital. xii
. 147. )
phernes, Miltiades was chosen one of the ten 3. A son of Aeolus, king of Aeolis, and father
generals. According to Pausanias (iii. 12. $ 7), it of Hippotes. (Diod. iv. 67. )
was by his advice that the Persian heralds who 4. A son of Amycus and Theano, was bom in
had come to demand earth and water were put to the same night as Paris. He was a companion of
death. When the Athenians advanced against the Aeneas, and slain by Mezentius. (Virg. Aen. I.
Persians, Miltiades by his arguments induced the 702, &c. )
polemarch Callimachus to give the casting vote in 5. A Bebrys, who was slain by Castor during
favour of risking a battle with the enemy, the the expedition of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod.
opinions of the ten generals being equally divided. ii. 105. )
(L. S. )
Miltiades waited till his turn came, and then drew MIMNERMUS (Mſuvepuos), a celebrated ele-
his army up in battle array on the ever memorable giac poet. There were various accounts as to his
field of Marathon. For an account of the battle birthplace. Some authorities spoke of Colophon,
and of the tactics by which the victory was se- others of Smyrna, others of Astypalaea (it is not
cured the reader is again referred to Herodotus specified which of the places of that name) as his
(vi. 104, 109, &c. ). After the defeat of the native city. (Suidas, s. v. Mluepuvos. ) He was
Persians Miltiades endeavoured to urge the generally called a Colophonian (Strab. xiv. p. 643);
Athenians to measures of retaliation, and induced but from a fragment of his poem entitled Nanno
them to entrust to him an armament of seventy | it appears that he was descended from those
ships, without knowing the purpose for which they Colophonians who reconquered Smyrna from the
were designed. He proceeded to attack the island Aeolians (Strab. xiv. p. 63+), and that, strictly
of Paros, for the purpose of gratifying a private speaking, Smyrna was his birthplace. Mimnermus
enmity. His attacks, however, were unsuccessful; | flourished from about B. C. 634 to the age of the
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## p. 1089 (#1105) ##########################################
MIMNERMUS.
1089
MINDARUS.
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seven sages (about B. c. 600). He was a contem- | change which Minnermus made in the character
porary of Solon, who, in an extant fragment of one of elegiac poetry. (Comp. Propert. i. 9. 11. )
of his poems, addresses him as still living (Diog. Mimnermus is the oldest poet who mentioned an
Laërt. i. 60; Bergk, Poetae Lyrici Graeci, p. 339). eclipse of the sun, and spoke of it as a threatening
No other biographical particulars respecting him and mournful sign. (Plut. De Facie in Orbe Lunde,
have come down to us, except what is mentioned p. 931, e. ) He is also the earliest authority that
in a fragment of Hermesianar (Athen. xiii. p. we have for the mythus that the sun, after setting
597) of his love for a flute-player named Nanno, in the west, is carried round the earth in a golden
who does not seem to have returned his affec- bowl, the work of Hephaestus, by the river
tion.
Oceanus back again to the east. " (Athen. xi. p.
The numerous compositions of Mimnermus 470, a. ) In his account of the voyage of Jason,
(Suidas, who calls hiin Mluepuvos, says épave also, he removed the dwelling of Aeëtes to the
Bibula molná) were preserved for several centuries, shores of Oceanus.
comprised in two books, until they were burnt, The fragments of Mimnermus have been several
together with most of the other monuments of the times published, in the collections of Stephens,
erotic poetry of the Greeks, by the Byzantine Brunck, Gaisford, Buissonade, and Bergk. There
monks. A few fragments only have come down to is a separate edition by Bach, Lips. 1826. They
us; sufficient, however, when compared with the have been translated by Stollberg, Herder, Secken-
notices contained in ancient writers, to enable us dorf, A. W. v. Schlegel, and others. (Fabric.
to form a tolerably accurate judgment of the nature Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 733; K. O. Müller, History
of his poetry. These fragments belong chiefly to of the Literature of Ancient Greece, p. 115, &c. ;
a poem entitled Nanno, and addressed to the flute Bode, Gesch. der Hellen. Dichtkunst, vol. ii. pp.
player of that name. The compositions of Mim- 173, 175, 247, &c. )
[C. P. M. )
nermus form an epoch in the history of elegiac MINATIA GÉNS, plebeian, and of very little
poetry. Before his time the elegy had been de- note. On coins we find mention of an M. Mina-
voted chiefly either to warlike and national, or to tius Sabinus, who was a legate under Cn. Pompey,
convivial and joyous subjects. Archilochus had, the younger, in Spain (Eckhel, rol v. p. 253), and
indeed, occasionally employed the elegy for strains one of the ancestors of Velleius Paterculus was
of lamentation, but Mimnermus was the first who called Minatius Magius. (Magius, No. 3. ]
systematically made it the vehicle for plaintive, MI'NDARUS (Mivdapos), a Lacedaemonian,
mournful, and erotic strains. The threnetic origin was sent out in B. c. 411, to succeed Astyochus in
of the elegy, the national temperament and social the office of Admiral. In the same year, having
condition of the Asiatic Ionians, and the melan: reason to believe that the Phoenician ships, pro-
choly feelings with which they must have regarded mised by Tissaphernes, would never be forthcoming,
their subjection to the Lydians, rendered this he listened to the invitation of Pharnabazus, and
change easy and natural; and the elegiac poems of sailed from Miletus to the territory of the latter
Mimnermus may be looked upon as a correct ex- satrap on the Hellespont, having managed to es-
ponent of the general tone of feeling which marked cape the notice of the Athenian fleet, which was
his
age and people. Though warlike themes were aware of his intention and had removed from Samos
not altogether unnoticed by him (the war between to Lesbos with the view of preventing its execu-
Gyges and the Smyrnaeans was one topic of this tion. At Sestos he surprised the Athenian squad-
kind which he dwelt upon), he seems to have ron there, which escaped with difficulty and with
spoken of valorous deeds more in a tone of regret, the loss of four ships. The Athenians, however,
as things that had been, than with any view of under Thrasyllus and Thrasybulus followed him to
rousing his countrymen to emulate thein. The the north from Lesbos, and defeated him in the
instability of human happiness, the helplessness of Hellespont, off Cynossema. After the battle, Min-
man, the cares and miseries to which life is ex- darus sent to Euboea to Hegesandridas for rein-
posed, the brief season that man has to enjoy him forcements, and in the meantime we find him fur-
self in, the wretchedness of old age, are plaintively nishing aid to the Aeolians of Antandrus in their
dwelt upon by him, while love is held up as the insurrection against the garrison of Tissaphernes in
only consolation that men possess, life not being their town. Soon after we hear of him offering
worth having when it can no longer be enjoyed. sacrifices to Athena, at Ilium, whence he hastened
The latter topic was most frequently dwelt upon, to the aid of DORIEUS, who had been engaged with
and as an erotic poet he was held in high estima- a superior number of Athenian ships. A battle
tion in antiquity. (Hor. Epist. ii. 2. 100; Pro- ensued and continued doubtful, till the arrival of
pert. i. 9. 11. ) From the general character of his reinforcements under Alcibiades gave the victory
poetry he received the name Λιγυστιάδης, to the Athenians. But the latter, having despatched
Aguaotádns. He was a flute player as well as a a large portion of their fleet to different quarters to
poet (Strab. iv. p. 643 ; Hermesianax, ap.
