No More Learning

675; 685; 687; Murād II in, 690; invade
by Mongols, 608, 628, 637, 639; kings o
see Andrew, Béla, Emeric, Géza, Kolomai
Ladislas, Louis, Matthias, Sigismuna
Stephen, Vladislav; see also Margaret of
Hung-Wu, Chinese Emperor, founders
Ming dynasty, 649
Huns, 184 sq. ; (Utigurs) 188; in Justinian
army, 738; and Constantinople, 747
Hunyadi, John, voïvode of Transylvania, vi:
tories of, over Turks, 462, 571, 584, 624; :
battle of Varna, 572, 691 sq. ; at Kossove
573, 692 sq. ; and Bosnia, 574 sq. ; save
Belgrade, 576; and Mahomet II, 694
death, 577; 701
)


## p. 945 (#987) ############################################

945
and, 429, 492; 479; 642; see Kai-Kā'ús,
Kai-Khusrū, Kai-Qubād, Malik-Shāh,
Masóūd, Qilij-Arslān, Sbābinshāh, Su-
laiman
Iconoclasm, 5 sq. , 13 sq. , 20 sq. , 26, 30 sq. ,
33 sq. , 41, 390
Iconoclastic Emperors, see Chap. I passim;
general estimate, 1, 6 sqq. ; 41; legislation
of, 708 sgg.
Ida, Mt, passes of, 481
Idrīs ibn 'Abdallāh, founder of dynasty in
Morocco, 300
Idrisid, dynasty in Morocco, 300
Ignatius, Patriarch of Constantinople, de-
posed by Bardas, 46, 248 sq. ; appeals to
Rome, 47; reinstated by Basil I, 53, 251;
death, 54, 253; 218 sq. ; and Pope Leo
IV, 247; conflict with Photius, 248 sq. ,
255
Igor, Prince of Kiev, expedition against
Greeks, 205; 207, 743
Igumen (abbot), of the Laura, authority of,
81
Ikhshidids, Egyptian dynasty, 143, 300, 302
Ikhtiman, in Bulgaria, 240
Iek, title of supreme Khagan of the Chazars,
189 sq.
651 sq.
Il-Ghāzi, of the Urtuqid dynasty, 316 sq.
Il-Khāns, Mongol dynasty of Persia, founded,
279; converted to Islām, 644; and Egypt,
Ilkilig, son of Atsiz Shāh, 312
“Illumination,” Persian Islāmic philosophy
of, 296
Illyria, 675
Illyricum, 329; dioceses of, placed under the
jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constan.
tinople, 10, 58, 246
Ilmen', Lake, 202
Ilovayski, on early Russian princes, 205
Ilya, see St Elias
'Imād-ad-Din, biographer of Saladin, 306
*Imād-ad-Dīn Zangi, see Zangi
Image worship, see Iconoclasm
Imām-Caliph, the, ideal of, 279, 282; Sbi'.
ites and the Imāmship of 'Alī, 301
Imāms, spared by Timūr, 680
Imbros, 323; given to Demetrius Palaeologus,
464; 465; birthplace of Critobulus, 474
Imperator, see Basileus
“Independents," Greek farmers of country
round Constantinople, 509; and capture
of, 511 sq.
"Index" to Arab literature by Nādim, 290
India, Masóūdi's travels in, 295; Shi'ite
doctrines in, 301 sq. ; Mahmūd's cam-
paigns in, 303; Masóūd in, 304; Seljūg
expedition to, 311; 551; Mogul dynasty
in, 629, 650, 652; Tīmūr's conquest of,
650 sq. ; Indian (Hindu) medicine, 297;
astronomy, 298; Indian Ocean, 274
Indies, the, merchandise of, in Armenia, 162
"Ivdikes, abridgments of Justinian's legal
work, 707
Indo-Bactrian coins, used by Bulgars, 193
60
Index
Husain, Muslim martyr, 288
uşain, brother-in-law of Tīmūr, 650
Husain ibn Hasan Jahānsūz, Sultan of
Ghūr, defeated by Sanjar, 313
Hyakinthos, monastery of, at Nicaea, 484,
486
Hylilas, John, see John
Hypatos (consul), title conferred on the Doge
Marcellus, 390
Hyperperi, 514; see Coinage
Hypobolon (ümbolov), bridal gift in Byzan-
tine law, 716, 718
Ibelin, see John of
Iberia (Georgia), Basil II in, 95 sq. , 149,
164; and Armenia, 155; devastated by
Chazars, 189; and Trebizond, 472, 480,
515; and Seljūgs, 310; conquered by
Mongols, 636, 639; influence of Byzantine
law in, 724; 653; enamel work in, 162;
kings of, see Bagarat, Giorgi, Liparid,
Parakat; queen of, 639; see also Katholikos;
curopalates of, 62, 86
Iberians, 97, 103; in Byzantine army, 738;
convent of, on Mount Athos, 66; clergy at
Council of Ferrara, 621
Ibn al-Athir, Arab historian, 106, 133 note;
works of, 293
Ibn al-Habbārīyah, Arab satirist, 305
Ibn Bājja, see Avenpace
Ibn FaŅlan, on Chazar judges, 191; on Bul-
gars, 194
Ibn Haukal, on town of Bulgary, 193
Ibn Hisham, Arab grammarian, 293
Ibn Ishaq, biographer of Mahomet, 293
Ibn Khurdadhbih, Persian post-master, offi-
cial handbook by, 295; on Russian trade,
201
Ibn Mangū, son-in-law of Ghāzī, 353
Ibn Rushd, see Averroes
Ibn Rusta, on town of Itil, 191; on Burdas,
192; on Magyars, 195 sqq.
Ibn Sa'd, Arab biographer, 293
Ibn Sinā, see Avicenna
Ibn Tufail, see Abubacer
Ibrāhim, Abbasid prince, rival to the Caliph
Ma'mūn, 127
Ibrāhīm, Arab general, 126
Ibrāhīm, emir of Qaramān, and Mahomet II,
693 sq.
Ibrāhim ibn al-Aghlab, emir of Africa, 134;
141; 275; 300
Ibrāhim ibn Ināl (Niyāl), Seljūq prince, 304
Icaria, island taken by John III, 428; 488;
Genoese and Hospitallers in, 468; 477
Iceland, Northmen from, 738
Iconium (Qonya), capital of Seljūgs of Rūm,
315; Crusaders at, 338; Manuel I fails at,
365; Manuel's last attack on, 378; 654
Iconium (Rūm), Sultans of, 168, 315; raids
on Armeno-Cilicia, 171 sqq. ; and Mongols,
174 sqq. , 653; and Alexius I, 343 sq. ; and
John II, 307; 312; 317; 357; and Frede.
rick I, 372; and Manuel I, 365 sqq. , 373,
377 sq. ; invade Empire, 383; John III
C. MED. H. VOL. IV.


## p. 946 (#988) ############################################

946
Index
Irene, wife of George Branković, poisoned
by her son, 577; 590
Irene, St, church of, see under Constan-
tinople
Iris, river, 130
'Isa, Abbasid prince, uncle of the Caliph
Mahdi, 123 sq.
'īsà, son of Bāyazid I, at Angora, 682; killed
by Sulaimān, 684
Isaac I Comnenus, Emperor, disgraced by
Theodora, 116; defeated by Turks at
Bayber, 166; revolts against Michael VI,
117, 319 sqq. ; crowned Emperor, 118, 322;
family, 318; character, 322; and Ceru.
larius, 323 sq. ; abdication, 324; 326;
Novel of, 720
Isaac II Angelus, Emperor, arrested by An-
dronicus I, 383; proclaimed Emperor,
384, 414; reign of, 384; vicissitudes of,
417 sqq. , 421, 604; 480; Bulgarians revolt
against, 518 sq. , 529; alliance with Sala-
din, 384, 603; Novels of, 720
Isaac, general of Mahomet I, in Bosnia,
566 sq.
Indus, river, 274; 633; 636; 651
Ineboli, on Black Sea, 660, 668
Ingerina, see Eudocia
Inn, Bavarian river, 212
Innocent II, Pope, and John II, 355
Innocent III, Pope, and Fourth Crusade,
415 sq. , 418, 603 sq. ; on sack of Constan-
tinople, 420; 423; and Bulgaria, 424, 520;
and Henry of Flanders, 426; and Princes
of Achaia, 434, 438; and Theodore I,
483 sq. , 487 note; 480 note; 481 note; 595
sq. ; and Antioch, 173; and Byzantine
Church, 606, 611, 626
Innocent IV, Pope, and Mongol envoys, 493;
and John II], 608; and Tartars, 630;
and Mongol menace, 639
Innocent V, Pope, ultimatum of, to Michael
VIII, 612
Innocent VI, Pope, and Stephen Dušan, 546;
and John V, 617
Institutes of Justinian, commentaries on,
707 sq, 712 sq.
Investiture conflict, compared with Icono-
clastic controversy, 31, 729
Ioannoupolis, new name given to Prêslav,
240
Ionian Islands, become Venetian, 421, 432;
ruled by Leonardo Tocco, 455; become
Turkish, 466; Venetian again, 467; last
relic of Venetian colonies, 472; results of
Latin conquest of, 473; 733; 742
Ionian Sea, 238, 436
Ipek, residence of Serbian Metropolitan, 524;
made seat of Patriarch, 542; 578
Iranian races in South Russia, 184; language,
195
Irāq ('Irāk), 276; 286; 289; 291; Buwai.
hids in, 301; 307; Zangi governor of,
317
'Irāq 'Ajami (Media), 304, 311, 633, 636;
Seljūq dynasty in, 315 sq.
Irene, Chazar princess, wife of Constantine
V, 189
Irene, Empress, reign of, 19 sqq. ; origin and
character, 19; summons Councilat Nicaea,
21; deposes her son and assumes title of
Emperor, 24; deposition, 25; 31; 34 sqq. ;
losses to the Saracens, 124 sqq. ; 246;
Novels of, 710; 757
Irene (Ducas), wife of Alexius I, 326;
crowned, 328; intrigues against her son
John, 346
Irene (Piriska), Hungarian princess, wife of
John II, 355, 363
Irene, wife of Andronicus II, 533
Irene, first wife of John III, 495, 498 sq.
Irene, wife of Andronicus Comnenus, sister-
in-law of Emperor Manuel I, patroness of
scholars, 363
Irene (Angelus), wife of Philip of Swabia,
417
Irene, daughter of Theodore II, portrait of,
514
Irene, daughter of Michael VIII, married to
John Asên III, 529
Isabel of Lusignan, wife of Oshin of Armeno-
Cilicia, 179
Isabella of Austria, wife of Leo the Great of
Armeno-Cilicia, 172
Isabelle of Villebardouin, Princess of Achaia,
"the lady of the Morea,” marriage to
Neapolitan prince, 444; 446; married to
Florent, 447; marries Philip of Savoy,
448; death, 449; 452; 474
Isapostolos, title of the Emperor, 726
Isauria, 170; incorporated with Armeno-
Cilicia, 172; 174 sq. ; 125 note; Isaurian
coast, 123, 340
Isaurian Emperors, Chap. 1; 34; 49; 729;
care for army, 737; and navy, 741 sq. ;
739
Isha, deputy-khagan of the Chazars, 190
Ishmaelites, see Assassins, Ismāʻīli
Īshoʻyath, Nestorian Patriarch in Baghdad,
289
Isidore, abbot of St Demetrius, in favour of
Union, 620; made archbishop of Kiev,
621; Cardinal, 623; 625; 690; at siege
of Constantinople, 695, 698
Isidore, commentator on Justinian, 707
Isidore of Miletus, architect of St Sophia, 752
Iskander (Alexander), see Skanderbeg
Islām, among Chazars, 190, 219; among
Bulgars, 194; influence of Christian
catechisms on, 280; political theory of,
280 sqq. ; toleration under, 286 sqq. ; sects
in, 301; internal dissensions of, 642 sq. ;
consolidation under Seljūgs, 299 sqq. ;
position of Baghdad in, 641; Seljūgs con-
verted to, 644; among Mongols, 640, 646
sq, 651; religion of Timür, 650; Il-Khăn
dynasty and, 644; Slay conversions to,
560, 581, 587; and Bosnian Bogomiles,
582; and Janissaries, 664; and Ottomans,
668; see Chap. x
Ismā'il, uncle of Barkiyārug, 309


## p. 947 (#989) ############################################

Index
947
marries Tsaritsa Maria, 529; killed by
Tartars, 530; 590
Ivan I Crnojević, the Black, Montenegrin
ruler, 586 sq. , 592
Ivan II Crnojević, Montenegrin ruler, 592
Ivanko, Basaraba, Prince of Wallachia, at
battle of Velbužd, 538; 539 sq. ; 593
Ivanko, Bulgarian rebel, 478; slays John
Asên I, 520
Ivats, Bulgarian noble, resistance to Basil
II, 242
Ivats, Bulgarian chamberlain of Michael IV,
244
Iviron, convent of, 90
Izmid, see Nicomedia
Iznīg, see Nicaea
Izyaslav, candidate for the princedom of
Kiev, 368
*Izz-ad-Din, see Kai-Kā'ús; title of Alp
Arslan, 306
Ismā‘ili, Shi'ah doctrine, 276, 292; sect of
(Assassins), 301; Ishmaelites, see Assas-
sins
Isova, Benedictine abbey of, in Greece, 438,
473
Ispahan, captured by Seljūgs, 304; 308
sqq.
Ispanok, Magyar official, 215
Isparich (Asparuch), Bulgarian khan mi-
grates to Bessarabia, 230; and Justinian
II, 231
Israelites, 303
Isrā'il, former name of Alp Arslan, q. v.
Isrā'il, son of Seljūq, 303 sq.
Isthmus of Corinth, wall built across, 460,
462, 690; see Hexamilion
Istria, ceded to the Franks, 24, 36; Slavonic
liturgy in, 229; 386; separated from
Venice, 387, 389; taken by Charlemagne,
393 sq. ; retumed to Byzantium, 395;
398; and Venice, 401, 403, 406, 578; 768;
marquess of, see Gunter
Italian, Italians, captains at Armenian court,
172; in Byzantine army, 347, 738; in
Empire, 736, 773; in Constantinople, 701
sqq. , 746, 750; trade with Constantinople,
762; with Salonica, 770; with Bulgaria,
523; volunteers against Turks, 675 sq. ,
691 ; bankers in Greece, 473; Italians in
Bosnia, 517, 566; Italian marriage of
Stephen of Serbia, 521; wife of Andro-
nicus II, 533; favourite of John III,
495 sq. ; literature at court of Manuel I,
362; revision of Prochiron, 717, 725
Italus, John, “Consul of the Philosophers,”
teaching of condemned, 350; 764
Italy, taxation in, 4; anti-Iconoclast ris-
ings, 9 sq. , 388, 390; lost to Eastern Em.
pire, 5, 18, 22, 25, 36, 273, 328 sqq. ; Leo
IV and, 19; 16 sq. ; 69; Nicephorus II
and, 76 sq. , 145; 80 sq. ; 86; Basil II and,
91 sq. , 94; Constantine VIII and, 97; 103;
108; 141; 147; 246; 250; John II and,
358, 360; Manuel I and, 368 sqq. , 374, 412
sq. ; 456; 463 sq. ; 595 sq. ; 598; 601; 608;
John V in, 618; Manuel II in, 618; 619;
John VIII in, 621, 690; 624; themes in,
733 sq. , 736; exarchate of, created, 732;
decay of Byzantine rule in, 387, 389, 597;
influence of Byzantine law in, 724 sq. ; of
Byzantium on, 776 sq. ; Byzantine Church
in, 112 sq. , 259, 263; monks in, 253, 258,
737; Saracens in, 37, 139, 142, 144, 149,
151, 260; Magyar raids in, 211 sq. ; Lom-
bards in, 9 sq. ; 17 sq. , 22, 386; Charle-
magne in, 18, 392 sq. ; kings of, and Venice,
400 sq. ; Conrad II in, 407; 456; 463 sq. ;
466; Normans in, 92, 112, 266, 268, 325,
328 sqq. ; slaves from, 286; 333; 337; 341;
343 sq. ; 352 sq. ; 499, 504; 508; 624;
Turkish designs on, 570, 578; Chaps. V,
XIII passim
Itil (Atel), capital of the Chazars, 190 sqq. ;
river, see Volga
Ivailo, the Swineherd, Tsar of Bulgaria, 528;
Jabal Hamrin, Mongol defeat at, 636
Jacobites, Syrian Christians, 123, 290; J&-
cobite bishop, 289; and Union of Florence,
623
Jacques D'Avesnes, occupies Euboea, 435
Jacques de Baux, nephew of Philip II of
Taranto, and Achaia, 456; 474; 476
Jaffa, Venetians at, 411
Jagatai, son of Jenghiz Khan, Mongol ruler
of Transoxiana, 279; 633; share of his
father's dominions, 635, 640; 641; 645;
descendants of, 650
Jāḥiz, Arab theologian and author, 294
Jajce, in Bosnia, 566; Stephen Tomašević
crowned at, 578; taken by Turks, 580;
Hungarian banat of, 581
Jalāl-ad-Din, Shāb of Khwārazm, over-
thrown by Mongols, 312, 515, 633; 636
Jalāl-ad-Din, title of Malik Shāh, 307
Jamal-ad-Dīn, Persian astronomer, and Ku.
blai Khan, 646
James I, King of Cyprus, hostage at Genoa,
470; 477
James II, King of Cyprus, regains Fama-
gosta, 466, 471; 477
James III, King of Cyprus, death of, 467,
471; 477
James II, King of Aragon, 496
James II, King of Majorca, 452
Jamnia, schools of, 629
Jand on the Jaxartes, 313
Janissaries, formation of, by Orkhān, 663
sq. ; at Nicopolis, 676; at Angora, 682;
desert Sulaimān, 685; desert Mūsa, 686;
689; 692; at Kossovo, 693; at siege of
Constantinople, 696, 702 sq. ; and Ma-
homet II, 705
Janjići, chief seat of the Bosnian Bogomiles,
545
Jantra, river at Trnovo, 523
Janus, King of Cyprus, misfortunes of, 470;
477
Japan, Mongol expedition to, 646
Japhet, supposed ancestor of Mongols, 632
6042


## p. 948 (#990) ############################################

948
Index
629;
Jaquinta, widow of Constantine Bodin of
Serbia, 356
Java, Mongol expedition to, 646
Jaxartes, river, 313; 650
Jele, see Jila
Jenghiz Khan, early history of, 632; 627;
631; conquests of, 279, 633; death and
burial, 634 sq. ; administration, 634; divi.
sion of Empire, 635; 636; 638; 641;
worshipped in China, 646; army of, 647;
648 sqq. ; 653 sqq.
Jerusalem, 148; 175; taken by Crusaders,
335, 338 sqq. ; Seljūgs in, 277; Egyptians
in, 316; conquered by Saladin, 278, 361;
410; 416; kingdom of, 422; and Cyprus,
469, 477; “Assises of,” 437; Serbian
foundations at, 535; 599; 643; saved
from Timūr, 680; kings of, see Amaury,
Baldwin, Fulk, Godfrey, Guy, John of
Brienne; Patriarch of, 173, 264, see Eu-
thymius; church of the Holy Sepulchre
at, 98, 100, 598 sq. ; church of the Theo.
tokos at, 768
Jesolo, bishopric of, 387 sq. ; jealousy of
Heraclea, 390 sq. ; 392; devastated by
Magyars, 400; see Cavazuccherina
Jews, their hostility to images, 7; Leo III's
edict against, 7; driven from Constanti.
nople, 109; massacred at Zapetra, 129;
153; communities in Caucasus and Cri-
mea, 190; disputation with St Cyril, 219
sq. ; Islām and, 286 sqq. ; Jewish Arabic
works, 290; Jewish law, 292; trade in
the East, 405; in Thebes, 440; Jewish
rulers in the Cyclades, 468, 472; in Crete,
472; Jewish wife of John Alexander of
Bulgaria, 548; 554; Jewish archbishop of
Bulgaria, 243; see Judaism
Jiblab (Byblus), 146; captured by John I,
148
Jīhād, Muslim holy war, 282; demanded
by Arabs against John I, 147; against
Mongols, 636
Jila (Jele), Magyar title, 196
Jizyah, poll tax paid by non-Muslims, 287
Joakim, bishop of Brūsa, made Armenian
Patriarch by Mahomet II, 182
Joan of Anjou, wife of Oshin of Armeno.
Cilicia, 179
Joanna I, Queen of Naples, and Achaia, 456;
474; 476
Joannicius, son of John I of Trebizond,
515
Joannina, bishopric of, 243; taken by Nor-
mans, 329; by Buondelmonti, 457; cap-
tured by Turks, 461, 690; 462; held by
Serbians, 543, 552 sq.
Job, see Ayyūb
Johannicius the Saracen, betrays Basil the
Bird, 68
Johannitius, see Hunain ibn Isḥāg
Johannitsa, see Kalojan
John I Tzimisces, Emperor, 68, 71, 75;
early life, 78; murders Nicephorus II and
becomes Emperor, 77; 79; crowned by
Patriarch, 80; his reign, 81 sqq. ; 84, 87
note; in the East, 72, 143 sq. , 147 sq. ;
and Armenia, 161; and Bulgaria, 239 sq. ;
259; Novels of, 715; relations with Rome,
260; 401; and Venice, 402; 403; 739
John II Comnenus, Emperor, birth, 328;
332; coronation and accession, 346; and
coinage, 348; character, 351; foreign
policy, 352; and Seljūgs, 353, 357; and
Venetians, 354, 411; and Hungarians,
355; and Serbs, 356; and Armeno-Cilicia,
169, 358; Cilician campaign, 359 sq. ;
death, 361, 170; and Papacy, 596, 600;
Novels of, 720; and Canon Law, 723
John III Ducas Vatatzes, Emperor at Nicaea,
accession of, 427, 486; successes, 428 sq. ,
440; reign of, 487 sqq. ; and Bulgaria,
489, 523; and Thessalonica, 490 sqq. ;
conquers Macedonia, 492; and Michael of
Epirus, 494; second marriage, 495; eccle.
siastical policy, 497 sq. , 596, 607 sq. ; ad-
ministration, 498 sq. ; and Michael Palaeo-
logus, 503 sq. ; and Genoese, 510; 515 sq. ;
524; and Latin bishops, 607; Novel of,
720, 722; death and canonization, 430,
501
John IV Lascaris, minority of, 506 sq. ; 508;
510; 512; blinded and imprisoned, 513
sq. ; 516; 525
John V Palaeologus, Emperor, minority of,
541, 615; and John Cantacuzene, 543,
665 sq. ; 546; and Bulgarians, 554 ; at-
tempts to gain help from West, 617 sq. ,
670; Orkhan and, 667; and Murad I,
671; and Bāyāzid I, 675; and Lesbos,
455; 593
John VI Cantacuzene, Emperor, and the
Morea, 454; and Stephen Dušan, 540 sqq. ;
543; and Turks, 544; deposed, 546; 615;
and Papacy, 616; 617; at siege of Nicaea,
661; Orkhan and, 665 sq. ; on condition of
Empire, 669; as historian, 765; 775;
death, 462; 593
John VII Palaeologus, Emperor, nephew of
Manuel II associated with him, 677; de-
fends Constantinople, 678 sq. ; 685; 593
John VIII Palaeologus, Emperor, and Coun.
cil of Basle, 620; at Ferrara, 621 sq. ; and
Act of Union, 623, 690; death, 624; and
Murad II, 689 sqq. ; embassy to the West,
619; 593
John I Axoûchos, son of Alexius I of Tre-
bizond, set aside from succession, 514;
becomes Emperor, 515; 516
John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem, Latin
Emperor (regent), 427; invades Asia
Minor, 488 sq. ; and John III,
608
John Angelus, crowned Emperor at Salonica,
429 sq. , 440; made Despot by Emperor
John III, 491; death, 492; 476
John Asên I, Tsar of Bulgaria, 517; revolts
against Byzantium, 518 sq. ; murdered,
519; 590
John Ásên II, Tsar of Bulgaria, and Latins,
428; and John III, 429; 489 sqq. ; re-


## p. 949 (#991) ############################################

Index
949
covers bis throne, 521; prosperity of,
522 sq. ; death, 524; 525; 590
John Asên III, Tsar of Bulgaria, son of
Mytzės, short reign of, 529; with the Tar.
tars, 530; 590
John Alexander Asên, Tsar of Bulgaria,
539; and the Pope, 540; and Turks, 544;
and Church, 548; patron of learning, 549;
554; 590
John Shishman, last Tsar of Bulgaria, 554;
defeated by Turks, 557; death, 560, 590
John Stephen, Tsar of Bulgaria, 538; exiled,
539; 590
John Vladislav, Tsar of Bulgaria, 242; 244;
322
John Sracimir, of Vidin in Bulgaria, carried
off by Hungarians, 554; Turks and, 557,
561; 590
John I of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, 477
John II of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, 471,
477
John I Ducas Angelus (the Bastard), son of
Michael II of Epirus, deserts William of
Achaia, 442; Duke of Neopatras, 444;
445; 532; and reunion, 612; 475
John II, Duke of Neopatras, 449 sq. , 475
John Vladimir, Prince of Dioclea, 240;
and Samuel of Bulgaria, 241; murdered,
242
John of Gravina, Prince of Achaia, 452 sq. ;
474
John, Duke of Athens, and John Ducas
Angelus, 444 sq. ; death, 446, 475
John of Randazzo, Duke of Athens, 475
John I, King of Aragon, Duke of Athens and
Neopatras, 457; 475
John Lackland, King of England, 415; 480
John I Orsini, count of Cephalonia, 475
John II Orsini, rules Epirus and Cephalonia,
453; 475
John VIII, Pope, and Photius, 54, 253, 254;
and St Methodius, 227 sqq.
John IX, Pope, and Anthony Cauleas, 56,
256
John X, Pope, and Nicholas Mysticus, 62;
257
John XI, Pope, recognises Theophylact as
Patriarch, 63, 259
John XIII, Pope, legates of, at Constantino-
ple, 261
John XIX, Pope, and the Patriarch Eusta-
thius, 92, 262 sq.
John XXI, Pope, and Michael VIII, 612 sq.
John XXII, Pope, and Oshin of Armeno-
Cilicia, 179; and Andronicus II, 614
John Gaetano Orsini, see Nicholas III, Pope
John Beccus (Veccus), and union, 595, 611;
made Patriarch, 612; deposed, 613
John Camaterus, archbishop of Bulgaria,
becomes Patriarch of Constantinople, 243
John Hylilas (the Grammarian), Patriarch
of Constantinople, 34; iconoclastic zeal,
30; nickname, 40; deposed, 41; 43; sent
as ambassador to Saracens, 128; and St
Cyril, 218
John Apocaucus, metropolitan of Naupactus,
and Ūnion with Rome, 607
John, archbishop of Ochrida, 94
John, Katholikos of Armenia, 161
John Medzabaro, Katholikos of Armenia,
173
John, Patriarch of Grado, murdered by Doge,
393
John, Cardinal, papal legate (898 A. D. ), 256
John, Cardinal, papal legate (1166 A. D. ), 602
John, bishop of Belluno, and Venice, 404 sq.
John, bishop of Trani, letter of Cerularius
to, 113, 266; at Constantinople, 268
John Damascene, St, treatises against Icono-
clasm, 10; 26; 766
John of Rila, patron saint of Bulgaria, 238 sq. ;
519; 524
John of Parma, General of the Franciscans,
and John III, 608
John Parastron, Franciscan friar, emissary
between Rome and Constantinople, 611
John of Pian di Carpine, friar, on Tartars,
630 sq. ; mission to Mongols, 639 sq.
John of Ragusa, delegate of the Council of
Basle, 620; at Constantinople, 621; at
Council of Florence, 622
John Uroš, son of Simeon Uroš, becomes
abbot of Metéoron, 552; 553
John of Karna, Armenian churchman, 182
John of Orotn, Armenian churchman, 182
John Scholasticus, of Antioch, Byzantine
canonist, 227, 711
John, priest sent by Pope Stephen V to
Moravia, 229
Jahn the Deacon, Venetian chronicler, on
creation of first dege, 387 sq. ; 398 note;
404; and Otto III, 405; on “New Venice,'
406
John Asên, son of John Alexander of Bul.
garia, 549
John Dishypatus, sent by Emperor John
VIII to Council of Basle, 621
John Eladas, see Eladas
John the Exarch, and Simeon of Bulgaria,
237
John of Ibelin, Regent of Cyprus, 469
John of Lusignan, nephew. of Hethum II,
of Armeno-Cilicia, 180 sq.
John Mauropus, see Mauropus
John, nomophylax, see Xiphilin
John the Orphanotrophos, brother of Michael
IV, 101; becomes chief minister, 102 sqq. ;
fall of, 105; 108, 265; executed by Con.
stantine IX, 110; Bulgaria and, 244
John Uglješa, marshal of Serbia, 553 sq. ;
killed, 555
John, son of Simeon of Bulgaria, 238
John, treasurer of Irene, commander against
Saracens, 124
John, general of Basil II, 90
John, son of Vitalian, general of Justinian
I, 385
John, son of Mauritius, doge of Venice, 393
John-Roger, the Caesar, brother-in-law of
Manuel 1, 365; 373


## p. 950 (#992) ############################################

950
Index
John-Smbat (Sempad), King of Armenia,
civil war with his brother, 163; 164;
married to Byzantine princess, 100
Joinville, 515 note; on Greek fire, 743
Jolanda, see Yolande
Joscelin I, count of Edessa, 317; takes Ger-
manicea, 341; 359; 361
Joscelin II, count of Edessa, 373
Joseph, Patriarch of Constantinople, oppo-
sition to Union, 611 sq.
Joseph, Patriarch of Constantinople, at
Council of Ferrara, 621; death, 623
Joseph, archbishop of Salonica, exiled, 29
Joseph Bringas, see Bringas
Joseph Nasi, Jewish favourite of Selim II,
receives Naxos, 468; and Cyprus, 472; 476
Joseph the hymn-writer, St, life of, 255
Joseph, the Grand Oeconomus, and marriage
of Constantine VI, 28 sq.
Joshua, Byzantine illustrated MS. of, at
Vatican, 768
Jubilee, Papal (1300), 448
Judaea, 157; Roman conquest of, 629
Judaism among the Chazars, 190 sq. , 219
Judge of the Theme, see Protonotary
Juga I Coriatović, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Juga II Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Juji, son of Jenghiz Khan, 633; death, 635
Julian, professor of law in Constantinople,
collector of the Epitome Juliani, 707; 711
Julianus Ascalonita, Byzantine legal writer,
723
Junaid, Turkish rebel against Mahomet I,
687 sq.
Jundi-Shāpūr, Persian medical school, 297
Jurašević brothers, Montenegro chieftains,
586, 592
Jurjān, conquered by Seljūgs, 304
Justin I, Emperor, 185
Justin II, Emperor, sends convoy to Central
Asia, 187; 707; Novels of, 708, 714;
builds throne-room, 754
Justinian I, Emperor, laws of, see Chap.
XXII passim; 24, 53, 100; and Venetia,
385; 726; 730 sqq. ; army of, 738; statue
of, 748; and St Sophia, 752, 754; 758;
760; 764; Byzantine art under, 768; pre-
Justinian law sources, 723
Justinian II, Emperor, exiled to Cherson,
189; Armenia and, 2; 13; 157; and Bul-
garians, 231; pretended son of, see Ti.
berius; buildings of, 754
“ Justiniana Prima,” added to archbishopric
of Bulgaria, 243
Justinianus, arcade of, in Imperial Palace,
754
Kaidu Khan, grandson of Ogdai, 641; rebels
against Kublai, 646
Kaifā, branch of Urtugids, 317
Kai-Kā’ūs I, 'Izz-ad-Din, Sultan of Rūm,
173; captures Theodore I, 485
Kai-Kā’ūs II, 'Izz-ad-Din, Sultan of Rūm,
and Hethum I, 175; and Theodore II,
504; and Michael Palaeologus, 503 sq. ,
510
Kai-Khusrū I, Sultan of Rūm, and Theodore
I, 479; captured and slain, 482
Kai-Khusrū II, Sultan of Rūm, and John
III, 492; defeated by Mongols, 515
Kai-Qubād I, 'Alā-ad-Din, Sultan of Rūm,
514; and Trebizond, 515; and Ertugbril,
655 sq.
Kaisariané, abbot of, 464
Kaisum in Syria, 132
Kalabaka, see Stagi
Kalamáta, fief of the Villehardouins, 440;
444; 449
Kālanjar, castle in India, 304
Kalávryta, capital of Constantine Palaeo-
logus in Morea, 461; ceded to Turks, 463
Kalilah and Dimnah, Arab stories of, 294
Kaliman I, Tsar of Bulgaria, 492; 523 sq. ;
590
Kaliman II, Tsar of Bulgaria, slays Michael
Asên and is himself slain, 525; 590
Kalocsa, archbishopric of, founded, 214;
archbishop of, and Bosnia, 526; see Astrik
Kalojan (Johannitsa), Tsar of Bulgaria,
423; 481; 483; defeats Emperor Baldwin,
424, 520; ravages and death of, 425, 428,
519 sqq. , 590
Kama, river of Southern Russia, 184; 192 sq. ;
Kama Bulgars, 184
Kambalu, see Cambalu
Kāmil, Arab compilation, 294
Kang-hi, Chinese Emperor, and Mongols,
649
K’ang-li, Chinese name for Patzinaks and
other tribes, 198
Kankali (K'ang-li), Turkish tribe, 631
Kapan, Armeno-Cilician fortress, 68; seized
by Turks, 169, 174
Kapnikon (poll tax), abolished by John I,
82
Kara Khitai, Mongol tribe, 631, 633
Karakorum, Mongol capital, 631 sqq. , 638;
Ogdai's palace at, 640; 645; capital
transferred from, 647 sq.
Karamania, see Qaramān
Karamzin, Russian historian, 199
Karbalā, pilgrimages to forbidden, 288;
taken by Tīmūr, 651
Karchas, Magyar title, 196 sq.
Kardam, Khan of Bulgaria, and Constantine
VI, 232
Karin, in Armenia, taken by Turks, 167
Karisiya (al-arsiya, al-lārisiya), Chazar
bodyguard, 190
Karkh, Magyar trading centre, 197
Karlovic, Serbian Patriarch at, 578
Karlsburg, see Gyulafehérvár
Kapaklápioc, military tenants, 773
Kabáll. vos (Stable Boy), nickname of Con-
stantine V, 11
Kabars, Chazar tribe, join Magyars, 196
Kabul Khan, grandfather of Jenghiz, 632
Kadykei, fortress of Bulgaria, 235
Kaffa, Genoese colony on Black Sea, 549;
bishop of, 614


## p. 951 (#993) ############################################

Index
951
312 sq.
Kars, in Armenia, 158; taken by Saracens,
160; intellectual centre of Armenia, 162;
taken by Turks, 167; taken by Mongols,
181, 636; cathedral of, 161
Karydi, Mount (the Walnut Mountain),
battle of, between Latins of Athens and
Sparta, 441
Karykes, Demetrius, Byzantine philosopher,
at Smyrna, 485
Kárystos, division of Euboea, 435; taken by
Licario for Michael VIII, 445; 463
Kashgar, 312, 651
Kashmir, 651
Kashshāf, famous commentary on the Koran,
291
Kasogs (Cherkesses), subdued by Russians,
207
Kastoria, Macedonian bishopric, 243
Katakolo, 438
Kathir, Arab general, 120
Katholikos (Patriarch), of Armenia, 112;
155 sq. ; position of, 159; 160; visits of,
171; 177; 180; 182; see also Constantine,
Grigor, Joakim, John, Kirakos, Nerses,
Petros, Sabak; of Iberia, 97
Kātibi, author of text-book on logic, 297
Katunska, district in Montenegro, 587
Kavala, 541 sq. ; taken by Turks, 672; see
Christopolis
Kawad (Kobad), Sasanid King of Persia,
and the Chazars, 187
Kazan, 650
Keghard, Armenian church at, 163
Kem, river, see Kien
Kende (Knda), Magyar title, 196
Keraits, Mongol tribes, 631 sq. ; migrate to
China, 650
Keration, Byzantine coin, 4
Kerbogha (Qawwām-ad-Daulah Karbuqā),
prince of Mosul, at Antioch, 316, 339
Kerch, see Bosphorus
Kerulen, river, 631
Kesh, in Transoxiana, birthplace of Timur,
650
Ketbogha, Mongol leader, slain at 'Ain
Jālūt, 643
Khabur, river, 315
Khafāja, Saracen governor of Sicily, 138
Khagan, title first assumed by chief of the
Yuan-Yuan, 185; and Chazars, 186 sq. ;
supreme Khagan, 190; applied to prince
of Kiev, 203
Khair-ad-Din (Barbarossa), Turkish admiral,
and Naxos, 467
Kbālid, lieutenant of Mahomet, 302
Khalifah (Caliph), title of the chief of Islām,
275, 281 sq. ; see Caliphate, Caliphs
Khalil, called Qāra (Black), and formation
of Janissaries, 663 sq.
Khalil, son of Sultan Orkhān and Theodora,
667
Khalil, Turkish leader, and Andronicus II,
659
Khalil Pasha, Grand Vizier of Murād II and
Mahomet II, 693, 684; counsels the aban-
donment of siege of Constantinople,
701
Khalkhas, central Mongols, merged in
Chinese Empire, 649
Khan, of Bulgaria, 231; of the Chazars, 38;
of the Mongols, 175 sq. ; Jenghiz Khan,
title of Temujin, 632; of Turkestan, 300
Khan Balig, see Cambalu
Kharput, fortress of, captured by Bardas
Sclerus, 85
Khata, the, Sultan Sanjar's war against,
Kbātūn, see Turkan Khatun
Khawinji, author of text-book on logic,
297
Khilat, battle of, 515; town of, 636
Khitans, in Chinese Empire, 633
Khiva, see Khwärazm
Khma, see John of
Khubilai, see Kublai
Khurāsān, 123 sq.
; Țăbir appointed governor
of, 276; 285; 297; 303; Seljūgs in, 304;
307; 310; Sanjar, King of, 310 sqq. ; in-
vaded by Ghuzz, 313; 633; 636
Khurramites, Arab sect, 38; 128 sq.
Khushan, Armenian general of Constantine
V, 121; successes of, 122 sq.
Khusrau, Firuz ar-Rahim, Buwaihid ruler
of Persia, 304
Khutbah, Muslim bidding prayer, 301, 304 sq. ,
311 sq. , 651
Khūzistān, 310, 633
Khwārazm (Khiva), 190; Khwārazm Shāhs,
kingdom of the, 278, 312, 314 sqq. ; 298;
conquered by Seljūgs, 304, 306; 311; con-
quered by Mongols, 629, 631, 633, 635 sq. ;
trade with Bulgars, 193; nationality of
Sultan Qutuz, 643; see anūshtigin, Atsiz,
Jalāl-ad-Din, Muḥammad, Qutb-ad-Dīn
Kialing, Chinese river, 645
Kien, river (Kem, Yenisey), 187; 631
Kiersy, see Quierzy
Kiev, early history of, 202 sqq. ; heathenism
at, 208; centre of Russian trade, 193,
199; 201; treaty of, 88, 209; 240; contest
for throne of, 368; destroyed by Mongols,
637; princes of, see Igor, Oleg, Olga,
Svyatoslav, Vladimir, Yaropolk
Kilisa-jāmi', see Pantokrator, under Con-
stantinople, churches of
Kilisa-jāmi' (church-mosque), at Tarsus,
179
Kin (Golden), dynasty of China, destroyed
by Mongols, 629, 632 sq. , 635 sq.
Kindi, Arab translator and philosopher, 295
Kinsai, see Lingan
Kipchaks, see Cumans, Golden Horde
Kirakos (Guiragos), Armenian priest, and
Constantine VIII, 164
Kirakos Virapensis, Katholikos of Armenia,
removes his see to Echmiadzin, 182
Kirghiz Steppes, 303
Kirmān, province of, 307; Seljūg dynasty
of, 314 sq. ; 633; 642
Kisā'i, Persian grammarian, 291


## p. 952 (#994) ############################################

952
Inder
Kovrat (Kurt), Bulgarian khan, defeats Avars,
186, 188; 230 sq.
Kriviches, East Slavonic tribe, 204, 206,
209 sq.
Kitubuka, Mongol general, overthrows the
Assassins, 641
Klath, see Gregory of
Kleidion, Bulgarian defeat at, 241
Kelooupa (mountain pass), see Clisurae
Kintopol bylov (Notitia), book of ceremonial,
by Philotheus, 58, 256, 730
Kljuć, Bosnian fortress, surrenders to Turks,
580
Klokotinitza, victory of Bulgarians at, 428,
440, 489; 491; 522
Klyuchevski, Professor V. , on early Russian
history, 200, 203 sq. , 206
Knda, see Kende
Knęză (dpxwv), appointment of St Methodius
as, 217
Knights, of St John, of Rhodes, see Hos-
pitallers; of the Temple, see Templars;
see also Teutonic Knights
Knin, battle of, 560
Kobad, see Kawad
Kobilić (Obilić), see Miloš
Kocel, Slavonic prince in Pannonia, 211;
and St Methodius, 224, 226 sq.
Koitonitai, office of the, 730
Kolb, Armenian town, 158
Kolberg, bishop of, see Reinberg
Koloman, King of Hungary, 355 sq. ; occu-
pies Bosnia and Hum, 526
Konjica, Bosnian assembly at, 574, 583
Konung, title of Varangian chiefs, 202, 204,
206
Kopány, cousin of St Stephen of Hungary,
revolts against him, 214
Koran (Qur'ān), and Islāmic theory, 280 sq. ;
and toleration, 286 sq. ; doctrine of the
Mu'tazilites about, 288, 301 ; and the
study of Arabic, 290 sq. ; commentaries
on, 290 sq. , 293; rhyme in, 294; 684
Korea, 185; Mongol expedition against, 636
sq. , 640, 646; revolts against Mongols,
649
Kormisosh, Bulgarian usurper, 231 sq.
Korsun, see Cherson
Kóptn, see Count of the Tent
Kosača, Bosnian family, 567
Kosara, daughter of Samuel of Bulgaria, 241
Koselsk (Mobalig), Mongol barbarity at, 637
Kosmidion (Eyyüb), monastery of, 512
Kossovo, 1st battle of, 550, 557 sq. , 672 sqq. ;
2nd battle, 562; 3rd battle (1448), 573,
584, 692 sq. , 696, 702; battlefield of, 245;
plain of, 554
Köstendil, in Bulgaria, see Velbužd; deriva-
tion of, 555
Kotromanić, see Stephen; extinction of
dynasty, 574
Kotsho, see Dnieper, river
Koubouxhelov, the imperial household, 730
Koundoura, Latin victory at, 434, 436
Koupharas, Theodore, Greek monk, and
Boris of Bulgaria, 236
Koutritzákes, Alexius, and the capture of
Constantinople, 519
Koutzo-Wallachs, 550; see Wallachs
Kroja (Āq-Hisār), Albanian fortress, ceded to
John III, 494, defence of, by Skanderbeg,
584 sq. , 692 sq.
Krum, Khan of the Bulgarians, wars with
Byzantines, 29 sq. , 37, 49, 234 sqq. ; siege
of Constantinople, 233
Kruševac, Serbian capital, taken by Turks,
558; 569; 571
Kuban, Russian river, 230
Kublai (Khubilai) Khan, Great Khan, Chinese
Emperor, at Pekin, 629; and paper cur-
rency, 630; 637; 640; in China, 644;
elected Khan, 645; reign and government,
646 sqq. ; death, 649
Kuchu, son of Ogdai Khan, 640
Kuchuk Chekmejeh, village near Constanti-
nople, 511
Kūfah, school of grammar at, 291
Kugler, on the First Crusade, 334
Kühistān, invaded by Mongols, 641
Kulenović, Bosnian family, 518
Kulin, ban of Bosnia, 517; and Bogomiles,
518; 520; 526; 591
Kuma, river, 631
Kūmistān, see Comania
Kunovica, Turks defeated at, 571
Kūr, river, see Cyrus
Kurdistān, 128; Seljūg dynasty in, 315;
633; conquered by Tīmūr, 652
Kurds, 130; see Nasr
Kuriltai, general convocation of Mongols,
632, 634 sq. , 640 sq. , 643, 645
Kurt, see Kovrat
Kurya, prince of the Patzinaks, kills Svya-
toslav of Russia, 208
Kushluk, Khan of the Naimans, 631
Kutrigurs (Kuturgurs), Bulgar tribe, 185
Kuyuk, son of Ogdai, succeeds his father as
Great Khan, 640; death, 641
Kuza-Dāgh, Mongol victory at, 515
Kuzu, see Dnieper, river
Kydónis (Cydones), Demetrius, Byzantine
rhetorician, and Bulgarians, 554; 555;
as theologian, 766
Kyparissia, 460
Kyuchuk Aghā, Turkish general, defeated
by Trapezuntines, 656
Kyūtāhiya, 683
Labarum, imperial standard, removed from
the coinage by Isaac I, 322
Lacedaemon, see La Crémonie
Lachanâs, nickname of Ivailo, 528
Lachanodraco, Michael, strategus of the
Thracesians, and image worshippers, 16;
and Saracens, 20, 123 sq.
Laconia, 434; Laconian origin of the Em-
press Theophano, 68
La Crémonie (Lacedaemon), residence of
princes of Achaia, 437; court of William


## p. 953 (#995) ############################################

Index
953
de Villebardouin at, 441; taken by Turks,
690
“Ladies' Parliament” of Nikli, 443
Ladislas I, the Saint, King of Hungary,
decree of, 197
Ladislas II, King of Hungary, and Manuel I,
372
Ladislas, King of Naples, confers duchy of
Athens on Nerio Acciajuolo, 458; Bosnia
and, 565; 566
Ladoga, lake, 202
Laſote Basaraba, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Laïote Basaraba, “the Young,” Prince of
Wallachia, 593
Lama, name first given by Mongols to Bud.
dhist priests, 646
Lambron, Cilician fortress, 168, 170; revolts
from Armenia, 174 sq. ; lords of, see
Hethum, Osbin
Lambronatsi, see Nerses
Lamia, memorials of Catalan rule at, 457
Lampe, 344; 378
Lampedusa,
Byzantine naval victory off, 134
Lampsacus, Venetian colony at, 480; 487 sq. ;
509; 660; Genoese tower at, 687
Lamus, river, 120, 131 sq.
Lancia, Galvano, relation of the Empress
Constance, 496
Landolf, admiral of Alexius I, 341
Langres, bishop of, and Louis VII, 601
Laodicea, in Phrygia, 367; 480; ceded by
Seljūgs to Theodore II, 504
Laodicea, in Syria, 146; Malik Shāh at,
307; captured by Crusaders, 339; by
Byzantines, 341; 343
Laodicea Combusta, taken by Saracens, 123
Larissa, in Argos, 434
Larissa, in Thessaly, Samuel of Bulgaria at,
240; 242; Normans at, 329; Henry of
Flanders at, 426; becomes Lombard fief,
433; 494; bishop of, see Achilleus, St
La Roche, Burgundian family, become lords
of Athens, 422, 431, 449; see Guy, Othon
Lascaris, see Theodore I, Emperor
Lateran, St John, see Councils; 623
Latin Church, controversies with, see Roman
Church; liturgy in Apulia, 266; liturgy
in Bulgaria, 45, 249, 252; in Moravia,
223 sq. ; and Slavonic liturgy, 226, 228;
ritual in Crete, 616; relations with Ar-
menian Church, 172 sq. , 177 sqq. ; Church
in Syria, 599; Church in Cyprus, 469;
Church in Greece, 606 sq. ; Latin Patri.
archs of Constantinople, 615, 617, see
Thomas Morosini; churches in Constan.
tinople, 113, 264, 267, 271; see also,
Church, Councils
Latin Empire of Constantinople, Chaps. XIV,
XV, XVI passim; conquest of Constantinople,
243, 777, see Constantinople; Empire and
Bulgaria, 520 sqq. ; and Popes, 606 sqq. ;
fall of, 431, 511 sq. , 609; principalities in
Greece, Chap. xv passim, 612; and Turkish
invasion, 654 ; Latin Emperors, see
Baldwin, Henry, John, Peter, Robert; see
also Assises of Romania; Geoffrey de
Villebardouin, seneschal of, 438
Latin language and script, influence on
Glagolitic script, 225; Latin titles, 731;
translations from Arabic, 297 sq.
Latin states in Syria, and Alexius I, 341 sqq. ;
and John II, 352 sqq. , 357 sqq. ; and
Manuel I, 365, 370, 373 sqq. ; and Armeno-
Cilicia, 154, 168 sqq. ; Armeno-Cilicia
under Latin kings, 180 sqq. ; see also
Antioch, Crusades, Cyprus, Jerusalem
Latins, hatred of, in Constantinople, 362,
380; massacre of, 382, 414, 603; anti-
Latin feeling in East, 616, 690; Latins
in Byzantine service, 245, 355, 484, 507,
738, 750; Latins and Byzantine feudal
system, 772; Byzantine influence on, 775;
intermarriage of Byzantines and Latins,
619
Aarpela (adoration) of images, condemned
by the Council of Nicaea, 21
Latros, in Caria, monastery on,
753
Latzcou, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Laura, the, see Great Laura, the
Law, Byzantine, Chap. xxv; Laws of Leo
III, 5, 708 sqq. ; of Basil I, 52, 711 sq. ; of
Leo VI, 58, 713 sqq. ; of Constantine VII,
66, 715; of Basil II, 92 sqq. ; external
influence of, 724 sq. ; school of, under
Constantine IX, 114, 719 sq. ; law-book,
translated into Bulgarian, 550; see Novels
Albanian “ code,'' 585; Bulgarian code,
attributed to Krum, 233; Hungarian code
of St Stephen, 215; laws of Latin Empire,
see Assises of Romania; Mongol code of
Jenghiz Khan, 634; Muslim theories of
law, 280 sqq. , 291 sq. ; Serbian code (Za-
konnik) of Stephen Dušan, 547 sqq.
See also Canon Law, Roman Law
Lazar I Hrebeljanović, rules at Mačva, 553;
made Prince of Serbia, 555; and Tvrtko of
Bosnia, 556; and Turks, 555, 557; death
of, at Kossovo, 558, 672 sq. , 590
Lazar II, see Stephen Lazarević
Lazar III, son of George Branković, accession
and reign, 570; 577; 590
Lazarus, painter of icons, 34
Lebanon, Mt, 148; Druses in, 301; Mardaites
in, 742
Lebedia, original territory of the Magyars,
195, 197
Leburnium, river, Patzinaks defeated on,
Leca penides, sons of Romanus I, 63 sq. ; see
also Basil, Constantine, Michael, Romanus,
Stephen
Leca penus, see Romanus I, Emperor
Lecce, 450; counts of, 449
Lechfeld, battle of the, 212 sq.
Lefke (Leucae), in Asia Minor, captured by
Ertughril, 655; Turks defeated at, 657
Legend, of St Cyril, see Vita Cyrilli ; of St
Methodius, see Vita Methodii
Legnano, battle of, 414
Lekanomantis, nickname of John Hylilas, 40
330 sq.


## p. 954 (#996) ############################################

954
Index
Lek Ducagin, Albanian "code,” 585
Lembos, Mt, monastery on, 498
Lemnos, Byzantine naval victory off, 143;
becomes a Venetian seigniory, 421, 435,
476 sq. ; retaken by Michael VIII, 445,
given to Demetrius Palaeologus, 464; 465;
624
Lentianá, near Prusa, 485
Leo III, the Isaurian, Emperor, Chap. 1;
work of reconstruction, 1; coronation
and character, 2; and Saracens, 2, 151,
119 sqq. ; and Armenia, 156, 167; and
Chazars, 189; domestic and economic
policy, 3 sqq. ; and the army, 4; promul.
gates Ecloga,5,708 sqq. ; iconoclastic zeal,
6 sqq. ; and Italy, 10, 388, 390; death, 11;
14; 30; 49; 58; 231
Leo IV, the Chazar, Emperor, 19; successes
against Saracens, 123; 124; 189; and
Telerig of Bulgaria, 232; Novels, 710
Leo V, the Armenian, Emperor, strategus of
the Anatolics, 29 sqq. ; proclaimed Em.
peror, 29; defeats the Bulgarians, 30, 37,
233 sq. ; his iconoclastic zeal, 30 sq. ; his
fall and death, 32; defeats Saracens, 127;
35; 38; 132; Novels of, 710
Leo VI, Emperor (the Wise, the Philosopher),
50; parentage, 50 sg. , 54; reign of, 55 sqq. ;
portrait of, 53; general policy, 56; mar-
riages of, 57, 60, 91, 256 sqq. , 267, 272;
legislative and administrative works, 58;
literary and theological works of, 59, 258;
death of, 59; weakness in Asia Minor,
134, 140; loses Sicily, 141 sq. ; Armenia
and, 159 sq. ; and the Magyars, 198; and
the Russian Church, 207; and the Bul-
garians, 237; and Photius, 56, 254 sq. ;
262; 708; legislation of, 711, 713 sq. ; 712;
720; Book of the Prefect, 715 sqq. , 761;
Novels of, 722 sqq. ; and army, 741
Leo I, Prince of Armeno-Cilicia, reign and
misfortunes of, 169; 358 sq. ; 361 ; 373
Leo II, the Great, King of Armeno-Cilicia,
171; his European connexions, 172; cam-
paigns, 173; death, 174; crowns sent him
by the Eastern and Western Emperors,
172
Leo III, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 175: de.
feated by Mamlūks, 176
Leo IV, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 177 sq.
Leo V, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 179 sq.
Leo VI, of Lusignan, last King of Armeno.
Cilicia, exile and death in Paris, 181; 470
Leo IV, Pope, and Byzantine Church, 247
Leo IX, Pope, and Michael Cerularius, 112
sq. , 264 sqq. , 597; death, 270; and see of
Grado, 408
Leo, metropolitan of Chalcedon, and Alexius
I, 332
· Leo, archbishop of Ochrida, letter of, against
the Latin Church, 112; 267 sq. ; 270
Leo the Deacon, chronicler, 80; 238 note;
239 note; 765
Leo the Drungarius, father of SS. Methodius
and Cyril, 216
Leo Melissenus, see Melissenus
Leo Phocas, see Phocas
Leo the protovestiary, 85; defeated b;
Bardas Sclerus, 85
Leo of Salonica, famous mathematician
43 sq. , 218
Leo of Tripolis, leader of Saracen fleet, 141
defeated off Lemnos, 142
Leo, strategus of the Armeniacs, defeater
by Saracens, 127
Leo, supposed son of Romanus IV, leader o
the Cumans, 330
“Leo's bill” (battle of Mesembria), 234
Leonard, archbishop of Chios, at siege o
Constantinople, 695 sqq. ; 702 sq.
Leonardo I Tocco, count of Cephalonia
455; 475
Leonardo III Tocco, count of Cephalonia
465; loses his State, 466; 475
Leontini (Lentini), in Sicily, captured b;
Saracens, 46, 137
Leontius, Emperor, 6
Leontius of Neapolis, Byzantine theologian
767
Leontokomes, theme of, 733
Lepanto, castle of, 448, 453, 476; bough
by Venetians, 459; 465; becomes Turkish
467; battle of, 468; metropolitan of, 494
497
Lepara-Lycandus, battle of, 85
Lesbos, island of, Irene exiled to, 25; 64
109; ravaged by Venetians, 354, 371
assigned to Latin Emperor, 421; take)
by Vatatzes, 428, 487; Gattilusi at, 465
birthplace of historian Ducas, 474; Genoes
at, 431, 455, 511, 655; 477
*Leucadia,” Duke of, title of Tocco famil
in Cephalonia, 455
Leucae, see Lefke
Leucas, see Santa Mavra
Leunclavius, 677 note, 688 note, 691 note
Levant, the, 168; Venetians in, 395 sq.
410 sq. , 416, 421, 431 sq. ; Chap. X
passim; 677
Liau Tung, Mongols expelled from, 649
Libanius, 763
Libellus de conversione Bagoariorum e
Carantanorum, polemic against Methodius
222, 227
Libellus satisfactionis, against Photius, 25
sq.
Liburnia, restored to Byzantium, 395
Licario, lord high admiral of Michael VIII
triumphant career of, in Aegean, 445
467
Lichudes, Constantine, see Constantine
Liegnitz, Mongol victory at, 637, 639
Limitanei (rà åkpltikà démara), frontie
troops of the Empire, 740
Lingan (Hangchow, Kinsai), chief town o
South China, 633
Liosa, Albanian clan, 552
Liparid, King of Iberia, captured by Seljūge
166
Lithosoria, battle of, 13, 232
!


## p. 955 (#997) ############################################

Inder
955
Louis VII, King of France, and Manuel I,
366 sqq. ; 379, 600 sqq.
Louis IX (St Louis), King of France, buys
relics from Latin Emperor, 429; William
of Achaia and, 441; and Manuel of
Trebizond, 515; and Michael VIII, 610;
mission to Mongols, 640
Louis the Great, King of Hungary, and
Bosnia, 545, 556; and Gregory XI, 618;
670 sq.
Little Russians, see Ukrainians
Little St Sophia, see SS. Sergius and Bacchus
under Constantinople,
churches of
Liudprand, bishop of Cremona, envoy of
Berengar II, 66; of Otto I, 76 sq. , 260 sq.
Liutpold, duke of Bavaria, and the Magyars,
212
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, and Venice,
387 sqq. , 396, 398
Livadia, captured by Navarrese, 456; Catalan
memorials at, 457; 458
Logothete, Grand (Logothete of the Dromos),
office of, 731
Logothete of the Public Treasury (TOŮ YEVLKOÙ,
logothete-general), office of, 731
Logothete of the Aſilitary Chest (Toû otpa-
TIWTIKOŮ), office of, 731
Logothete of the Flocks (rūv áyêrwr), office
of, 731
Λογοθέτης των οικειακών, Venetians placed
under jurisdiction of, 405
Lombards, and Emperor Leo III, 9 sq. ;
attack Rome, 17 sq. ; 22; 112; 266; in-
vade Venetia, 385; Venice and, 387 sqq. ;
defeated by Franks, 391 sq. ;
Lombard"
Crusade, 340 sq. ; League of, against
Frederick I, 412 sq. , 602; 421; nobles in
Salonica, 426; in Euboea, 435, 441, 445;
imperialist party in Cyprus, known as, 469;
in Byzantine service, 595, 738; influence
on Byzantine law, 717; kings of, see
Aistulf, Desiderius, Liutprand; see also
Adelchis
Lombardy, Magyars in, 211; trade route to,
396
London, Armenian embassy sent to, 181 ;
papal register at, 226 sq. ; Peter of Cyprus
at, 470; Manuel II at, 618
Longobardia, theme of, 733; threatened by
Saracens, 403, 405 sq. ; see Argyrus
Loos, see Thierri de
Lopadium, taken by Turks, 344; rising at,
383; taken by Latins, 424, 481, 485,
689
Loredan, Venetian admiral, defeats Turks,
687; and siege of Constantinople, 700 sq.
Loreo, revolts against Venice, 404 sq.
Loria, Roger, admiral of Aragon, raid of,
on the Morea, 447
Loritello, see Robert of
Lorraine, duke of, see Godfrey; Frederick
of, see Stephen IX, Pope
Lothar I, Emperor of the West, and Vene.
tians, 398 sq. , 401
Lothar II, King of Lorraine, 249
Lothar III, Emperor of the West, and John
II, 358; 360; and Venetians, 412
Louis the Pious, Emperor of the West, corre-
spondence with Michael II, 34; Theophilus
and, 38, 203; and the Bulgarians, 234
Louis II, Emperor of the West, intervenes
in South Italy, 139; and Photius, 249;
and Council of Constantinople, 252
Louis II, the German, King of Germany,
197; and Moravia, 221, 227; 235
Louis I, Duke of Savoy, claimant to king-
dom of Armenia, 181
Louis of Savoy, husband of Queen Charlotte
of Cyprus, 471
Louis of Blois, and Chartres, made Duke of
Nicaea, 422, 480; killed at Hadrianople,
481, 520; 516
Louis, Duke of Burgundy, marries Matilda
of Hainault, and becomes Prince of Achaia,
452, 474
Lovat', Russian river, 202
Lucas Notaras, see Notaras
Luchaire, on Fourth Crusade, 415, 417
Lucian, 763
Lulum, Cilician fortress, annexed by Sara-
cens, 120; 128; and Michael III, 133;
ceded to Bohemond of Antioch, 343
Luparkos (Rhyndakos), river, defeat of Theo-
dore I on, 426, 485; 689
Lupus, duke of Friuli, raids Grado, 387
Lupus, Patriarch of Aquileia, and Venice,
401
Lusignan family, rule of, in Cilicia, 154;
180 sqq. ; in Cyprus, 468 sq. , 172, 432;
see Amaury, Guy, Henry, Hugh, Isabel,
John, Leo, Peter
Lycandus, theme of, 733 sq.
Lycaonia, Mongols in, 689
Lycaonian desert, the, 125
Lycia, 131; 150; 670; independent of
Ottomans, 684; Hospitallers in, 687
Lycus, valley, outside Constantinople, de-
fences of, 696 sqq. , 701 sq. ; 749
Lydia, 126; 657
Lyons, Councils of, see Councils
Lyubech, Russian trading centre, 202, 204
Macaire of St Menehould, defeated in Asia
Minor, 428; occupies Nicomedia, 481, 483
Macedo-Bulgarian dialect (Slovenian), basis
of Glagolitic Script, 225
Macedonia, Slav risings in, 13, 20; Bul-
garians and, 37, 39, 232, 235, 238, 240
sq. ; 47; 49; ill; 217; Normans in,
245; Patzinaks invade, 354; assigned to
Boniface of Montferrat, 422, 432; 427 ;
430; 442; Catalans in, 450 ; retaken by
John III, 492, 494, 524; occupied by
Michael of Epirus, 505; 519; 522; Serbians
in, 532, 534, 538, 540; 541 sq. ; 549; 553;
Turks in, 555, 560, 568, 672, 674, 678;
theme of, 133, 733, 737; sees in, 95, 243;
churches in, and Byzantine Art, 769;
manuscripts in, 499
Macedonian dynasty, Chaps. III, IV; founded,


## p. 956 (#998) ############################################

956
Index
50; 64; 69; 82; 96 sq. ; 106; extinction
of, 115, 118, 319; 259; 714 sq. ; 728;
renaissance under, 765, 769 sq. , 777
Machiavelli family at Athens, 461
Macrembolitissa, see Eudocia
Mačva, banat of, governed by Rostislav, 526;
by Stephen Dragutin, 532; taken by
Stephen Uroš II, 534 sq. ; 553; 591
“Mad Theodore,” see Mankaphas
Madytus, 323; taken by John III, 428
Maeander, river, 134; valley of the, 353 sq. ;
378; Seljūgs defeated on, 427; 428; 480
Magida, fortress of, taken by Saracens, 124,
128
Magister, title of, 730
Magister Militum, office in Venice, 390; in
Oderzo, 387; in Istria, 389
Magnesia, 498 sq. ; legend of John III at,
500; 508; 512; Turks at, 655; Michael IX
at, 656; emir of, 662, 667; 692 sq.
Magyars, 194 sqq. ; 198; migrate to Hun.
gary, 199; 200; 202 sq. ; 208; in Hun.
gary, 210 sqq,; Italian raids of, 211, 400;
Byzantines and, 140, 212; and Bul.
garians, 234, 237 sq. ; defeated at the
Lechfeld, 212; kingdom organized by St
Stephen, 215; manner of fighting, 212;
language, 195, see also Hungarians
Mahbūb, Arab chronicler, 120 note
Mahdi, Abbasid Caliph, expedition against
Leo IV, 123; 289
Mahdī, the, 'Ubaid-Allāh, the first Fātimid
Caliph, claims to be, 302; 'Abdallah ibn
Tūmart claims to be, 306
Mahmūd, Ghaznawid Sultan, in India, 303;
and Seljūgs, 304 sq.
Maḥmūd, son of Malik Shāh, 308; wars with
his brother, 309; 310
Maḥmad, Seljūq Sultan of 'Irāq, son of the
Great Seljūg Muhammad, dispossessed
by Sanjar, 311; 315
Mahmūdiye mosque, see under Constanti-
nople
Mahomet, see also Muhammad
Mahomet (Muḥammad), the Prophet, 275,
280 sq. , 286; tribe of, 281; and religious
tolerance, 287 sq. ; biographies of, 293;
301 sq. ; 641 sq. ; 679
Mahomet I (the Gentleman), Ottoman
Sultan, and Serbians, 563 sq. ; and Bosnia,
566; and Wallachia, 567; conquers his
brother and becomes Sultan, 686 ; reign and
character of, 687 sq. ; 593
Mahomet II, Ottoman Sultan, accession, 692
sq. ; and Armenians, 182; in Greece, 463
sq. ; and Chios, 468; and Serbia, 575 sq. ,
578; besieges Belgrade, 576; 577; Bosnia
and, 579 sqq. ; and Catholics in Bos-
nia, 583; and Albania, 584 sq. ; and
Moldavia, 587; 593; 624; and Byzantine
Church, 625 ; 694; besieges and captures
Constantinople, 696 sqq. ; character of,
705
Mahomet, Aghlabid emir of Africa, 137
Mahomet, emir of Qaramān, 684
Mahomet ibn Gumishtigin, Dänishmand
ruler in Cappadocia, 315
Mahomet, son of Malik Ghāzi, Dānishma
dite ruler, 357, 360; 365
Mahomet, Dānishmandite prince, son
Dhu'l-Qarnain, 377
Mahomet, Saracen general in Sicily, cous
of the emir of Africa, 134, 136
Mahomet ibn Abi'l-Jawārī, Saracen genel
in Sicily, 135
Mabomet ibn Mu'awiyah, Saracen gener
125
Mai, Cardinal Angelo, 719
Maimundiz, fort of the “ Assassins,” 641
Maina, district in Greece, 441; surrender
to Michael VIII, 443; and Manuel ]
460; Venetian colony, 476; 737
Majghariyah, Majghariyan, see Meyepon
Majorca, see Ferdinand, James
Majúsí, al. , Arab medical writer, 298
Makin, Arab chronicler, 188
Makrolivada, Thracian frontier fortress, 3
234
Makryplági, battle of, 444
Malacopea, taken by Saracens, 126
Malagina, attacked by Saracens, 126, 131
Malāhidah, name of Assassins, q. v.
Malalas, John, Byzantine chronicler, 76.
chronicle of, translated into Bulgaria
237
Malamocco, foundation of, 386; 388; 391
made seat of Venetian government, 3!
sq. ; 393; taken by Pepin, 394; bishopr
of, 387; bishop of, see Felix
Malatīyah, see Melitene
Maleinus family, 93
Maleinus, Eustathius, commander again
Sclerus, 86; disgraced by Basil II, 93
Malik, Arab leader, killed in Phrygia, 121
Malik Ghāzi (Gbāzi), Dānishmandite emi
defeats Crusaders, 340 sq. ; 342; 353 sg
357
Malik, Seljūg prince, failure before Treb
zond, 514 sq.
Malik Shāh, Great Seljūq Sultan, conques
Transoxiana, 277; 278; 298 sq. ; 30€
succeeds his father, 307; empire of, 30
sq. ; death, 309; 311 sq. ; 314; 316 sq
and Alexius I, 329, 331, 343; 633
Malik Shāh, Seljūq, son of Barkiyāruq, di:
possessed by his uncle, 310
Malik Shāh, Seljūq Sultan of Rūm, son (
Qilij Arslān, 343
Mallu Khān, Delhi general, defeated b
Tīmūr, 651
Malomir, see Presiam
Malta, occupied by Saracens, 139
Maltepe, 700
Mamikonians, Armenian family, 157 sqq.
Mamistra, see Mopsuestia
Mamlūks of Egypt, and Armenia, 154, 17€
177 sq. , 180 sqq. , 669; and Mongols, 17€
279, 628, 643, 652; 314; massacre of, a
Cyprus, 471; 642
Mamonàs, archon of Monemvasia, 440
! ! ! !


## p. 957 (#999) ############################################

Index
957
hu
475 sq.
Ma'mūn, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, cam.
paigns against Byzantines, 127 sq. ;
Thomas the Slavonian and, 35, 127;
death, 38, 129; and Manichaeans, 287;
revenue of, 151 note; translation bureau
of, 298; 275 sq. ; 288; 300
Manalugh, Turkish emir, and Alexius I,
344
Manasses, Constantine, Byzantine scholar,
363; Slav translations of his Chronicle,
549; verses against the “Powerful,” 708
Manassia, monastery in Serbia, 563
Manbij (Hierapolis), 144; Christian relic at,
145
Manchuria, 185
Manchus, become supreme in China, 649
Mandaeans, and Islām, 287
Μανδήλιον, Μανδίλιον, το, see Edessa, image
of,
Manegold, count, ambassador of Conrad II,
97
Manfred, King of Sicily, and Michael II of
Epirus, 430, 442, 508; 446; 448; 495
sq. ; 608; designs on Constantinople, 609;
Mangana, see St George of under Constanti.
nople; John VI retires to, 666; arsenal
at, 741
Mangu Khan, Mongol Great Khan, and
Hethum I, 175, 638 note ; 631; 640;
reign of, 641; death, 643, 645; 644; 646
Mangū Timūr, Mongol general, defeated by
Mamlūks, 176
Maniaces, George, Byzantine general, and
Michael V, 105; made general in the West,
108; revolt and death, 110; 111; cam.
paigns in East and in Sicily, 150
Manichaeans, 42; and Islām, 287 sq. ; colony
in Philippopolis, 330, 344; in Nicene
Empire, 498; see Bogomile, Paulicians
Manicophagus, betrays Amorium to Sara-
cens, 130
Mankaphas (“Mad Theodore"), founds
lordship at Philadelphia, 423, 480; 481;
conquered by Theodore Í, 482
Manoláda, battle of, 452
Manşūr, Abbasid Caliph, 122 sq. ; founds
Baghdad, 274, 298, 641
Mantua, pact of, between Western Emperor
and Venetians, 400; synod of, 407
Manuel I Comnenus, Emperor, 351; 356 ;
361; accession and character, 362 sq. ;
administration, 364; and Seljūgs, 365,
377 sq. ; and Second Crusade, 366 sqq. , 601;
and Roger II of Sicily, 368; and Italy,
369 sqq. ; and Hungarians, 372; and Serbs,
373; and Armeno-Cilicia, 373, 170; and
Antioch, 374 sq. ; marriages of, 360, 375;
and Amaury of Jerusalem, 376; defeated
at Myriocephalum, 378; and Venetians,
412 sq. ; and Papacy, 345, 596, 602 sq.