No More Learning

Tibul. , I. , i. , 41. Hor. ,
ii. , Sat. vi. , 18, "Nec mala me ambitio perdit nec plumbeus Auster,
Auctumnusque gravis, Libitinæ quæstus acerbæ. " ii. , Od. xiv. , 15. Some
derive the name from "Ardeo," others from αὐὼ, "to parch or burn up:"
so Austerus, from αὐστηρός.

[1520] _Angulus. _ Hor. , ii. , Sat. vi. , 8, "Oh! si angulus ille proximus
accedat qui nunc denormat agellum. "

[1521] _Senio. _ "The premature old age brought on by pining at
another's welfare. " So Plautus, "Præ mærore adeo miser æquè ægritudine
consenui. " Cf. Capt. , I. , ii. , 20. Truc. , ii. , 5, 13.

[1522] _Naso tetigisse. _ "I will not become such a miser as to seal
up vapid wine, and then closely examine the seal when it is again
produced, to see whether it is untouched. " Cf. Theophr. π. αἰσχροκερδ.
So Cicero says, "Lagenas etiam inanes obsignare. " Fam. , xiv. , 26.

[1523] _Horoscope. _ Properly, "the star that is in the ascendant at the
moment of a person's birth, from which the nativity is calculated. "
Persius has just ridiculed the Pythagoreans, he now laughs at the
Astrologers. Whatever they may say, twins born under exactly the same
horoscope, have widely different characters and pursuits. "Castor
gaudet equis--ovo prognatus eodem Pugnis. " Hor. , ii. , Sat. i. , 26. Cf.
Diog. Laert. , II. , i. , 3.

[1524] _Muria. _ Either a brine made of salt and water, or a kind of
fishsauce made of the liquor of the thunny. Every word is a picture.
"He buys his sauce _in a cup_; instead of _pouring_ it over his
salad, he _dips_ the salad in it, and then scarcely moistens it: he
will not trust his servant to season it, so he does it himself; but
only sprinkles the pepper like _dew_, not in a good shower, and as
sparingly as if it were some _holy_ thing. " Cf. Theophr. , π. μικρολογ,
καὶ ἀπαγορεῦσαι τῇ γυναικὶ, μήτε ἅλας χρωννύειν μήτε ἐλλύχνιον, μήτε
κύμινον, μήτε ὀρίγανον, μήτε οὐλὰς, μήτε στεμματα, μήτε θυηλήματα·
ἀλλὰ λέγειν, ὅτι τὰ μικρὰ ταῦτα πολλά ἐστι τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ. Hor. , i. ,
Sat. i. , 71, "Tanquam parcere _sacris_ cogeris. " ii. , Sat. iii. , 110,
"Metuensque velut contingere sacrum. "

[1525] _Turdarum. _ So the best MSS. and the Scholiasts read, and
Casaubon follows. Varro, L. L. , viii. , 38, says the _feminine_ form is
not Latin. The "turdus" (Greek κίχλη), probably like our "field-fare,"
was esteemed the greatest delicacy by the Greeks and Romans. In the
Nubes of Aristophanes, the λόγος δίκαιος says, "In former days young
men were not allowed οὐδ' ὀψοφαγεῖν, οὐδὲ κιχλίζειν. " (Ubi vid. Schol. ;
but cf. Theoc. , Id. , xi. , 78, cum Schol. ) To be able to distinguish the
sex of so small a bird by the flavor would be the acme of Epicurism.
Hor. , i. , Ep. xv. , 41, "Cum sit obeso nil melius turdo. " Mart. , xiii. ,
Ep. 92, "Inter aves turdus, si quis me judice certet, Inter quadrupedes
mattya prima lepus. " Cf. Athen. , ii. , 68, D.

[1526] _Prendit amicus. _ From Hom. , Od. , v. , 425, τόφρα δέ μιν μέγα
κῦμα φέρε τρηχεῖαν ἐπ' ἀκτήν· ἔνθα κ' ἀπὸ ῥινοὺς δρύφθη, σὺν δ' ὀστέ'
ἀράχθη, and 435. Virg. , Æn. , vi. , 360. Cf. Palimirus," Prensantemque
uncis manibus capita ardua montis. "

[1527] _Ingentes de puppe dei. _ The tutelary gods were placed at the
stern as well as the stem of the ship. Cf. Æsch. , S. Theb. , 208. Virg. ,
Æn. , x. , 170, "Aurato fulgebat Apolline puppis. " Ov. , Trist. , I. , x. ,
l. Hor. , i. , Od. xiv. , 10. Acts, xxviii. , 11. Catull. , I. , iv. , 36.
Eurip. , Hel. , 1664.

[1528] _Mergis. _ Cf. Hom. , Od. , v. , 337. The Mergus (αἴθυια of the
Greeks) is put for any large sea-bird. Hor. , Epod. x. , 21, "Opima
quodsi præda curvo litore porrecta mergos juveris. "

[1529] _Pictus oberret. _ Cf. ad Juv. , xiv. , 302, "Pictâ se tempestate
tuetur. " xii. , 27.

[1530] _Sed. _ "But perhaps you will object," etc. He now ridicules
the folly of those who deny themselves all the luxuries and even the
necessaries of life, in order to leave behind a splendid inheritance to
their heirs. "Quum sit manifesta phrenesis Ut locuples moriaris egenti
vivere fato. " Juv. , xiv. , 186. Cf. Hor. , ii. , Ep. ii. , 191, "Utar,
et ex modico quantum res poscet acervo Tollam, nec metuam quid de me
judicet hæres Quod non plura datis invenerit. " i. , Ep. v. , 13, "Parcus
ob hæredis curam, nimiumque severus assidet insano. " ii. , Od. xiv. , 25.

[1531] _Bestius_, from Hor. , i. , Ep. xv. , 37, "Diceret urendos
corrector Bestius. " Probably both Horace and Persius borrowed from
Lucilius. Weichert, P. L. , p. 420.

[1532] _Maris expers. _ Hor. , ii. , Sat. viii.
, 15, "Chium maris
expers," which is generally interpreted to mean that Nasidienus set
before his guests wine which he called Chian, but which in reality had
never crossed the seas, being made at home. It may be put therefore
for any thing "adulterated, not genuine. " Another interpretation
is, "effeminate, emasculate, void of manly vigor and energy," from
the supposed enervating effect of Greek philosophy on the masculine
character of the Romans of other days. A third explanation is, "that
which has experienced the sea," from the _active_ sense of expers, and
therefore is simply equivalent to "foreign, or imported. " Casaubon
seems to incline to the latter view.

[1533] _Sapere. _ So "Scire tuum," i. , 27 and 9, "Nostrum illud vivere
triste. " In the indiscriminate hatred of all that was Greek, philosophy
and literature were often included.

[1534] _Laurus. _ After a victory, the Roman soldiers saluted their
general as Imperator. His lictors then wreathed their fasces, and his
soldiers their spears, with bays, and then he sent letters wreathed
with bays (literæ laureatæ) to the senate, and demanded a triumph. If
the senate approved, they decreed a thanksgiving (supplicatio) to the
gods. The bays were worn by himself and his soldiers till the triumph
was over. (Branches of bay were set up before the gate of Augustus,
by a decree of the senate, as being the perpetual conqueror of his
enemies. Cf. Ov. , Trist. , III. , i. , 39. ) These letters were very rare
under the emperors, vid. Tac. , Agric. , xviii. , except those sent by the
emperors themselves. Mart. , vii. , Ep. v. , 3, "Invidet hosti Roma suo
veniat laurea multa licet. " Caligula's mock expedition into Germany
(A. D. 40) is well known. The account given by Suetonius tallies exactly
with the words of Persius. "Conversus hinc ad curam triumphi præter
captivos ac transfugas barbaros, _Galliarum_ quoque _procerissimum
quemque_ et ut ipse dicebat ἀξιοθριαμβευτον legit ac seposuit ad
pompam; coegitque non tantum _rutilare et submittere comam_, sed et
sermonem Germanicum addiscere et nomina barbarica ferre. " Vid. Domit. ,
c. xlvii. Cf. Tac. , German. , xxxvii. (Virg. , Æn. , vii. , 183. Mart. ,
viii. , Ep. xxxiii. , 20. )

[1535] _Exossatus ager. _ Among the Romans it was esteemed a great
disgrace for a legatee to refuse to administer to the estate of the
testator. Persius says, "even though you refuse to act as my heir, I
shall have no great difficulty in finding some one who will. Though
I have spent large sums in largesses to the mob, and in honor of the
emperor, I have still a field left near the city, which many would
gladly take. " Such is unquestionably the drift of the passage; but
"exossatus" is variously explained. It literally means that from which
the bones have been taken: vid. Plaut. , Aul. , II. , ix. , 2, "Murænam
exdorsua, atque omnia exossata fac sient. " Amph. , I. , i. , 163. So
Lucr. , iv. , 1267. Ter. , Ad. , III. , iv. , 14. As stones are "the bones of
the earth" (Ov. , Met. , i. , 393, "Lapides in corpore terræ ossa reor"),
it may mean "thoroughly cleared from stones;" or, as Casaubon says, so
thoroughly exhausted by constant cropping, that the land is reduced to
its very bones (as Juv. , viii. , 90, "Ossa vides regum vacuis exhausta
medullis"). "Yet even this field, bad as it is, some terræ filius may
be found to take. " _Juxta_ is generally explained "near Rome," and
therefore parted with _last_. D'Achaintre takes it with exossatus in
the sense of "almost. "

[1536] _Bovillæ_, a village on the Via Appia, no great distance
from Rome; hence called _Suburbanæ_, by Ovid (Fast. , iii. , 667) and
Propertius (IV. , i. , 33). Here Clodius was killed by Milo. Like Aricia,
it was infested by beggars. (Cf. Juv. , iv. , 117, "Dignus Aricinos qui
mendicaret ad axes. ") Hence the proverb "Multi Manii Ariciæ. "

[1537] _Virbii clivum_, a hill near Aricia, by the wood sacred to Diana
Nemorensis. It took its name from Hippolytus, son of Theseus, who was
worshiped here under the name of Virbius (bis vir) as having been
restored by Æsculapius to life. Cf. Ov. , Met. , xv. , 543. Virg. , Æn. ,
vii. , 760-782. There was also a hill within the walls of Rome called by
this name (cf. Liv. , i. , 48, where, however, Gronovius reads Orbii),
near the Vicus Sceleratus.

[1538] _Lampada. _ The allusion is to the Torch-race λαμπαδηφόρια at
Athens. There were three festivals of this kind, according to Suidas,
the Panathenæan, Hephæstian, and Promethean. In the latter they ran
from the altar of Prometheus through the Ceramicus to the city. The
object of the runners in these races was to carry a lighted torch to
the end of their courses. But the manner of the running is a disputed
point among the commentators. Some say three competitors started
together, and he that carried his torch unextinguished to the goal
was victorious. Others say the runners were stationed at different
intervals, and the first who started gave up his torch at the first
station to another, who took up the running, and in turn delivering
it to a third; and to this the words of Lucretius seem to refer, ii. ,
77, "Inque brevi spatio mutantur sæcla animantúm Et quasi cursores
vitaï lampada tradunt. " Others again think that several competitors
started, but one only bore a torch, which, when wearied, he delivered
to some better-winded rival; which view is supported by Varro, R.
R. , iii. , 16, "In palæstra qui tædas ardentes accipit, celerior est
in cursu continuo quam ille qui tradit: propterea quod defatigatus
cursor dat integro facem. " Cic. , Heren. , 4. The explanations of this
line consequently are almost as various. Prate, the Delphin editor,
supposes that Persius' heir was a man farther advanced in years than
Persius himself. Gifford explains it, "You are in full health, and have
every prospect of outstripping me in the career of life; do not then
prematurely take from me the chance of extending my days a little. Do
not call for the torch before I have given up the race:" and sees in it
a pathetic conviction of Persius' own mind, that his health was fast
failing, and that a fatal termination of the contest was inevitable and
not far remote. D'Achaintre thinks, with Casaubon, that "qui prior es"
means, "You are my nearer heir than the imaginary Manius, why therefore
do you disturb yourself? Receive my inheritance, as all legacies should
be received, i. e. , as unexpected gifts of fortune; as treasures found
on the road, of which Mercurius is the supposed giver. I am then your
Mercury. Imagine me to be your god of luck, coming, as he is painted,
with a purse in my hand. " Cf. Hor. , ii. , Sat. iii. , 68.

[1539] _Dicta paterna. _ Not "the precepts of my father," because
Persius' father was dead; but such as fathers give, inculcating lessons
of thrift and money-getting; as Hor. , i. , Ep. i. , 53, "Virtus post
nummos--hæc recinunt juvenes dictata senesque. " Cf. Juv. , xiv. , 122.

[1540] _Vago. _ Cf. Varr. ap. Non. , i. , 223, "Spatale eviravit omnes
Venerivaga pueros. "

[1541] _Trama_ is the "warp," according to some interpretations, the
"woof," according to others. The metaphor is simply from the fact, that
when the nap is worn off the cloth turns threadbare; and implies here
one so worn down that his bones almost show through his skin.

[1542] _Popa venter. _ With paunch so fat that he looks like a "popa,"
"the sacrificing priest," who had good opportunities of growing fat
from the number of victims he got a share of; and therefore, like our
butchers, grew gross and corpulent. Popa is also put for the female
who _sold_ victims for sacrifice, and probably had as many chances of
growing fat. The idea of the passage is borrowed from Hor. , ii. , Sat.
iii. , 122.

[1543] _Plausisse_, either in the sense of jactâsse, "to praise their
good qualities," or, "to clap them with the hand, to show what good
condition they are in. " Cf. Ov. , Met. , ii. , 866, "Modo pectora præbet
virgineâ plaudenda manu. " Others read "pavisse," "clausisse," and
"pausasse. " (Cf. Sen. , Epist. lxxx. , 9. )

[1544] _Catasta_, from κατάστασις, "a wooden platform on which slaves
were exposed to sale," in order that purchasers might have full
opportunity of inspecting and examining them. These were sometimes in
the forum, sometimes in the houses of the Mangones. Cf. Mart. , ix. ,
Ep. lx. , 5, "Sed quos arcanæ servant tabulata Catastæ. " Plin. , H. N. ,
xxxv. , 17. Tib. , II. , iii. , 59, "Regnum ipse tenet quem sæpe coëgit
Barbara gypsatos ferre catasta pedes. " Persius recommends his miserly
friend to condescend to any low trade, even that of a slave-dealer,
to get money.