No More Learning

notes in the appendixes, and copious illus-
Capt. Scott's final dispatch is dated Janu.
trations.
Günther (R. T. ), OXFORD GARDENS, BASED
ary 3rd, at 87° 32', whence he sent back
three of his remaining men under Lieut.
UPON DAUBENY'S POPULAR GUIDE TO
Pamphlets.
Evans. He had attained a height of
THE PHYSICK GARDEN OF OXFORD : with
Notes on the Gardens of the Colleges British Guiana, Gold and Diamond Industries. 2,800 ft. , or nearly the full height of the
and on the University Park, 6/ net. Leaflet No. 2 prepared by the Commissioner plateau, and was advancing with five men
Oxford, Parker
of Lands and Mines for the Permanent by blizzards or unforeseen accidents, he
and a month's provisions. If not delayed
London, Simpkin & Marshall Exhibitions Committee.
should, at his average rate of about 15 miles
Daubeny's excellent book has been con.
Gordon (George), POPPIES, Id.
a day, have reached the Pole about January
siderably revised and enlarged-so much s)
Agricultural and Horticultural Association 13th. ' Lieut. Evans was attacked by scurvy
as to be in many directions an original com- Another addition to the popular One and during his return, but arrived at the base
pilation, in spite of the author's modest All Garden Books edited by Edward Owen on February 23rd, and has now returned to
disclaimer. The book is full of observation, 'Greening.
New Zealand convalescent. He considers that
a
6
OF
66
or
we
some


## p. 416 (#316) ############################################

416
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4407, APRIL 13, 1912
some
66
his attack was due to his having boon five found in thu Cyanophyceæ ; and that the charac. The distribution of Scottish boulders was also
months on sledge-rations, and that those in ters are such as to exclude the Spirochæts from discussed. In the Lower Boulder clay of the
the advance party would probably not suffer the protozoan system altogether. It is therefore westward mountain slopes (the ground-moraino
in the same way.
maintained that the Spirochæts cannot be regarded of combined Lake District and Irish Sea ico)
as Protozoa, but that they must be classified there is evidence both of the interweaving, of
The Terra Nova, after leaving Lyttelton in among the schizophyta, and that in the latter drifts of distant and strictly local origin, and of
December, reached Cape Adare on January group they must be placed among the Bacteria, a certain amount of movement of ice inland.
4th, and embarked the northern party of and not among the Oyanophyceæ.
The Older Palæozoic Succession of the Duddon
six men under Lieut. Campbell, who had and Assortative Mating on the Ancestral and
Mr. E. C. Snow on 'The Influence of Selection Estuary,' by Mr. John Frederick Norman Green.
passed the winter at this point. These Fraternal Correlations of a Mendelian Population. '
were now taken south, and landed on the Using the simple hypothesis of Mendel, the author ROYAL NUMISMATIC. - March 21. - Mr. H. A.
north side of the Drygal ki Barrier for the investigates by analytical methods the numerical Grueber in the chair. -Mr. Grueber read a paper
exploration of the north-eastern part of effect on the ancestral and fraternal correlations on the 'Buildings of the Forum as illustrated by
Victoria Land. Although, several weeks
of dealing with samples-(a) which are not true Coins. ' Having distinguished between the diſ-
random samples of the general population and
later, the ship made threo attempts to reach
ferent kinds of fora which existed in Rome, the
which mate with no sexual selection, (6) which
the land in order to re-embark this party,
writer gave a brief account of the early history
are perfectly random samples of the general of the Great Forum and of its gradual develop-
she was prevented by an impenetrablo pack; Deportative mating, te) which are selected samples edifices,
vestiges of which remain to the present
population,
ment, fixing the date of erection of many of the
and it was hoped that the party, which was
well provisioned, would be able to sledge is the same for somatic characters as for gametic; he selected coins of the period of the Republic.
showing assortative mating. The general effect day. For his illustrations, with one exception,
the 200 miles over the sea-ice to Cape Evans in the case of (a) the correlations are found to These supplied amongst others figures of the
before the departure of the sun.
As the be reduced, and in the case of (b) to be increased
Sacellum of Venus Cloacina, the Basilica Æmilia,
land is in many places inaccessible, they imposed, but it is found that the decreasing the Rostra, the Puteal Scriboneanum, and the
(c)
the fountain of Juturna, the Temple of Vesta,
would be in
danger of being
carried out to sea in the pack.
tendency caused by dealing with a selected Temple of Julius Cæsar.
Before sample predominates over the increasing ten- employed to supply an illustration of the Temple
leaving for the north, the ship conveyed deney exerted by the assortative mating in of Janus, which is suppused to be the first one
to Cape Evans the western sledge party,
cases in which the intensities of the selection and erected in the Forum, and does not appear
which had madegeological discoveries of much assortative mating are of the orders of those
on earlier pieces. Mr. P. H. Webb and Mr.
interest. Capt. Scott should lave returned actually experienced. The general numerical F. A. Walters exbibited Republican and Imperial
results agree fairly well with the values which
to his base by March 20th, which is late in have previously been reached by other methods,
coins illustrative of the paper.
the season ; but two dog-teams were dis- but the investigation in no way diminishes the
patched south to his relief on February 26th. diſculties in the way of reconciling the “ regres-
sions follow
ZOOLOGICAL. -April 2. -Dr. A. Smith Wood-
Some disappointment has been expressed characters (0. 9. , coat-colour in mice) with
those ward, V. :P, in the chair. . . The Secretary read
that Capt. Scott did not reach the Pole actually found in statistical researches. So far report on the additions that had been made to
before Capt. Amundsen; but it seems plain as numerical results are concerned, the investiga- the Society's menagerie during February and
from his report that he did not even try tion supports the view that the Mendelian
March.
to do so.
Dr. R. W. Shufeldt sent for exhibition the
If he had made the attempt, hypothesis can be employed to give confirmation
to results which have at first sight appeared
skins of two young Virginia opossums (Didelphis
he might, by incomplete preparations or a
paradoxical (e. g. , the closeness of the resemblance virginiana). These specimens were each about
premature start, have imperilled his own
between first cousins), and to supply a rough indica-
ten weeks old, and belonged to the same litter.
ultimate success. His expedition had erious tion of the probable results in cases for which
The bones of the entire skeleton at this age were
scientific objects, so the race for the South / actual statistical data are inadequate (e. g. , the quite elementary in character, especially the
Pole,” imagined by some newspapers, never
inquiry into the effects on the offspring of in-
terminal vertebræ of the tail, the bones of either
carpus and those of the tarsi, the epiphyses
took place. It may be pointed out that, if breeding of various degrees),
Messrs. T. Lewis and M. D. D. Gilder on The of the long bones, &c. The marsupial bones were
Capt. Scott had not discovered in 1902 Human Electrocardiogram: a Preliminary In-
well formed in both sexes, and upon either side
the bight in the Barrier, afterwards i vestigation of Young Male Adults, to form a
were nearly as long as the corresponding ilium,
named by Sir E. Shackleton the “ Bay of Basis for Pathological Study. '
and about one-fourth the size in bulk. Accord.
Whales," the Norwegian could not have
Mr. C. Revis on 'The Production of Variation ing to Flower, the number of vertebræ in the
placed his base in so favourable a position for
in the Physiological Activity of Bacillus coli by spine of the Virginia opossum was seven cervicals,
the Use of Malachite-Green, Bacillus coli can
thirteen thoracic, sis lumbar, and twenty-six
dash southwards. There is no reason be trained to grow in nutrient brotb containing caudals. This was probably correct for the adult
then why the interveniion of the Nor- | malacbite-green. By gradually increasing the animal of this species, while in sub-adults, of an
wegian expedition should have disturbed percentage of the malachite-green the organisms age here considered, the last three caudals were
will develope readily in presence of 0:10 per cent.
not developed, and the three or four anterior to
Capt. Scott's plans ; still less should its suc.
In most cases the organism at the same time
cess, if he has himself reached the goal in the undergoes a profound change in its physiological possible,
them were in the most rudimentary condition
same season, be held to deprive him of his activity towards sugars and polyhydric alcohols,
Mr. D. Seth-Smith, Curator of Birds, exhibited
well-earned laurels.
acid only being produced in certain of these, from by means of lantern-slides photographs of the
which the organism originally produced both
male peacock pheasant (Polyplectron chinquis)
acid and gas, the power of gas formation being displaying to the female. The typical display,
permanently lost. In one instance this change as depicted in the photographs, resembled very
SOCIETIES.
in physiological activity, was accompanied by closely that of the Argus pheasant, the bird facing
equally profound inorphological and cultural
the female while he lowered the breast to the
ROYAL. - March 28. -Sir Archibald Geikie, different from that from which it had been shield, the head being held sideways against one
changes, the resultant organism being quite ground and expanded the wings and tail like a
President, in the chair. —The following papers produced. The change brought about by wing. Mr. Seth-Smith also exhibited photographs
were read :-
malachite - green indicates a connexion between of the young Cariama cristata hatched and reared
Dr. G. J. Burch on ' A Confusion Test for Colour-
the typhoid and coli groups and the possibility
in the Gardens in 1911, and remarked that,
Blindness. A sheet of perforated zinc is fixed
in the focal plane of a convex lens of about eight of the other.
of development of organisms of the one into those although young of this species had been hatched
in the menagerie on previous occasions, he believed
diopters, through which the observer looks. On
that this was the first occasion on which the
& card six inches or so further off is painted a
young had been reared to maturity.
design in confusion colours-€. g. , red and blue GEOLOGICAL_March 27. --Dr. Aubrey Strahan, Mr. R. I. Pocock exhibited a lantern-slide of
letters on a dark-green ground. The red-blind President, in the chair. —The following communi- two Polar-bear cubs born in the Gardens in Novem-
can distinguish the blue letters, but not the red, cations were read :-
ber, 1911, and made some remarks upon the
though these are far more conspicuous to the *The Glaciation of the Black Combe District causes of the difficulty experienced in all zoological
normal. The letters being out of focus, brush (Cumberland),' by Mr. Bernard Smith. After a gardens in rearing the offspring of this species.
marks are invisible, and new designs can be easily | brief discussion of previous work and literature, Mr. C. Tate Řegan exhibited some "lanternº
drawn. Other colours are : Geranium red with a short sketch was given of the geological structure slides, prepared from photographs taken by Dr.
French grey ; emerald green with yellow ochre ; of the district. With the exception of the F. B. Sumner, of a Mediterranean flatfish (Plato-
lilac with blues-this last being a test also for the western coastal plain, the main topograpbical phrys podas) on sand, gravel, and various arti-
green-blind. The colours used were matched by features are pre-Glacial, but they have been either ficial backgrounds, showing its power of changing
the late Lieut. -Col. Scott, who was red-blind. subdued or accentuated by glaciation. The its colour
and markings to resemble the ground
Mr. Clifford Dobell, 'On the Systematic Position cbiet pre-Glacial drainage-lines determined those on which it lies.
of the Spirochæts. ' The paper gave a brief sum- of the present day. Evidence was given to show Mr. R. I. Pocock read a paper . On a Rare
mary of certain results obtained from a detailed
that, during the flood-tide of glaciation, the whole Stag (Cervus wallichii) from Nepal, recently
study of the morphology of a large number of district was swamped beneath an ice-sheet formed presented to the Zoological Society by His Majesty
Spirochæts and related organisms, and urged by the confluence of Lake District and Irish Sea King George. ' The author pointed out the dis-
that the much-discussed problem of the syste- ice, the summit of Black Combe (1,969 ft. ) being tinctive peculiarities of this species, which, on
matic position of the Spirochæts can be solved overridden by ice which was comparatively account of its great scarcity, had never been satis-
only by means of morphological evidence derived
clean. The Lake District ice travelled from the factorily classified since it was described by G.
from a study of the Spirochæts, Bacteria, Cyano- Broughton Valley, the Duddon Valley and high Cuvier in 1825 from a coloured illustration of a
phyceæ, and Protozoa. A detailed study of these
ground to the west, and from Eskdale. Near the specimen living at that time in the Barrackpoor
four groups has been made. Among the Spiro- coast-line the overmastering pressure of the Irish
chæts themselves many species--belonging to sea glacier diverted the seaward flow of the
Menagerie. Some authors had supposed this
four different genera—have been investigated. Lake District ice to the south or south-east.
stag to be identical with the Kasbniir species,
or hangul (Cervus hanglu): others had referred
It has thus been shown that almost all the The deposits of the Lake District ice were briefly it to the Chumbi Valley species, or shou (Cervus
morphological characters found among the described, and a more detailed description was
Spirochæts are represented also among the given of the deposits of the Irish Sea ice which
affinis). From both of these, however, it differed
in having the rump-patch of large size, extending,
Bacteria ; that certain of these characters are are exposed in the sea-cliffs of the coastal plain. ' that is to say, nearly to the summit of the croup,
>
8


## p. 417 (#317) ############################################

No. 4407, APRIL 13, 1912
417
THE ATHENÆUM
6
and showing no trace of a dark median line deduce, by applying the law of mass action, the
dividing it into a right and left portion. Never corresponding property. composition curve.
Science Gossip
theless, with respect to the size of the rump- The second paper discussed Chemical Com-
patch and the distinctness and width of this bination in Liquid Binary Mixtures as determined
MR. H. F. NEWALL, F. R. S. , the well-
divisional line, the shou (C. affinis) seemed to by a Study of Property-Composition Curves,'
be intermediate between the hangul (C. hanglu) and by giving examples and applying principles known Professor of Astrophysics at Cam-
and Wallich's stag (C. wallichii). In certain already developed showed how the formulæ bridge, has been elected a member of the
other respects, such as the colour of the lips, the of compounds in solution can be deduced or the Athenæum Club under the provisions of the
length of the head, and the coarseness of the hair, dissociation constant evaluated from the observed
rule which empowers the annual election
C. affinis and C. wallichii were more like one deviations from the mixture law.
another than either was like C. hanglu, and the Mr. L. S. Bagster and Dr. B. D. Steele com-
of a certain number of persons of dis-
evidence tended to show that the former two municated a paper entitled Electrolysis in tinguished eminence in science, literature,
were sub-species of a species for which wallichii Liquefied Sulphur Dioxide. The paper described the arts, or for public services.
”
was the oldest available name.
experiments undertaken with the object of ascer-
Mr. F. E. Beddard read a paper on species of taining the mecbanism of electrolysis of solutions
NOTWITHSTANDING the greater interest
tapeworms of the genus Inermica psifer obtained in liquefied sulphur dioxide. During the electro-attached to observations of the solar eclipse
from the hyrax, with notes on the genera Zsohok. lysis of potassium, sodium, tetramethylammonium next Wednesday which, it is hoped, will be
keella and Thysanotania.
or trimethylsulphonium iodides sulphur is de made on or near the central line where it
Dr. Bashford Dean contributed an account of posited on the cathode, a sulphite being simul.
crosses Portugal, Spain, and France, it should
the living specimens of the Australian lungfish taneously formed. In the case of potassium
(Ceratodus forsteri) in the Society's collection. iodide, the potassium sulphite
which is insoluble not be overlooked that a large partial eclipso
This paper contained some further observations in the solvent is deposited on the cathode in will be visible in this country, and that
made by the author in June, 1911, supplementary quantity nearly corresponding to that demanded the south-east corner of England is specially
to his previous communication published in 1906, by. Faraday's law. At the anode changes occur favoured on the occasion, as the eclipse
and dealt with the coloration, size, and age of which are analogous to those occurring in aqueous will appear larger there than in any other
the specimens. Details of the rate of growth of
this species were also given, with notes on their solutions of bromides and iodides, while anodes of part of the island. This is, in fact, the
method of breathing, their food, and an account zinc and iron are attacked, the metals passing into largest solar eclipse visible in Great Britain
of the regeneration of a portion of the left ventral solution as complex salts. Evidence was adduced since that of March 15th, 1858, of which
fin which had suffered an injury.
tv show that water and hydrogen bromide unite it is the return after the expiration of the
to form an oxonium compound which is electrolytic third interval of the cycle known as the
in character, and this evidence was strengthened
INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. -April 2,-
by comparison with well-known oxonium com- Saros. At Greenwich the eclipse begins at
10h. 51m. A. M. , and ends at lh. 31m. P. M.
It was announced that 2 Members and 70 pounds. A number of such compounds have
been found to be formed in sulphur dioxide solu-
Associate Members had been elected; that 28
The greatest phase (when a little more than
tion, the solutions so formed being good electrical nine-tenths of the sun's diameter is ob-
Associate Members had been transferred to the
conductors. It was shown that metals immersed
class of Members; and that 77 Students had been
admitted.
in solutions of their salts in sulphur dioxide have scured) occurs at eleven minutes past noon,
Messrs. E. L. and W. L. Mansergh read a paper been measured in saturated solution.
definite electrode potentials, several of which have The first contact will be seen on the south-
west, or lower right-hand, portion of the
on 'The Works for the Water-Supply of Bir-
mingham from Mid-Wales. ' The Elan supply tributed a paper on · Vapour-Pressure of Con-
Dr. E. P. Perman and Mr. T. W. Price con- sun's disk; and at the greatest phase the thin
scheme was originated in 1890 by the late Mr.
centrated Aqueous Solutions. ' The paper gave
crescent of the sun left uncovered will be
James Mansergh in consequence of the inadequacy
of the then existing sources.
at the top. There will probably be an
an account of the measurements of the vapour-
These, consisting
of five local streams and six wells in the New Red
pressures of concentrated aqueous solutions of appreciable gloom at the middle of the
Sandstone, had proved insufficient to meet the chloride, and calcium chloride over a very wide be able to pick up the planet Venus, which
urea, glycerol, cane-sugar, raffinose, potassium eclipse, and a keen eye should at that time
needs of the city and district, which then had a range of concentration at 70° and 90° c. The will be situated about 20° distant from the
population of about 148,000. Investigation have
air-bubbling method was used. Curves showing
ing shown that no extension of the local sources
the relation between concentration and depression
sun towards the south-west.
would be satisfactory, the Welsh scheme was laid
before Parliament in the session of 1892, and the
of vapour-pressure were given : these curves are
straight over a large range of concentration, thus
necessary powers were obtained. The watershed
showing that the lowering of vapour-pressure is
of the Elan and Claerwen, which is situated in
Radnorshire and Breconshire, has a gross area of
proportional to the concentration, except for very
FINE ARTS
high
concentrations. Babo's law, that the
about 71 square miles, and a mean rainfall of
65 in. The collectable rainfall is estimated by
vapour-pressure of solutions is always propor-
the authors at 37 in. , giving an average yield of
tional to that of pure water, was tested by means
of the above-mentioned curves at 70° C. and
102 million gallons per diem. The first instalment
90° C. , and was found to hold well, except with
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS
only-that is, works for the supply of 25 million
gallons per day at Birmingham, and the pre-
cane-sugar and glycerol.
(Notice in thoso columns does not precludo longer
Dr. A. C. Cumming contributed a paper on
scribed quantity of compensation-water to the
review]
river, namely, 27 million gallons per day-has Contact, Part Il. :
* The Elimination of Potential due to Liquid
at present been constructed; but the powers
a Simple Equation for the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Thirty-Sixth
Calculation of the Diffusion Potential. '
granted cover the full utilization of the yield of
Annual Report for the Year 1911.
the watershed and works necessary for a total
Boston, Metcalf Press
supply of 75 million gallons per day to the city
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK
and district.
Manchester Oriental Society, Journal, 1911,
Mor. Institate of Mechanical Engineers, %.
Surveyors' Institution, A. -The Cost of Labonr in connexion
5! net. Manchester University Press
with the Erection and Maintenanco of Building,' Mr. R. M. Last year's proceedings reflect credit
FARADAY. —March 26. —Mr. Alexander Siemens,
Tuus. Royal Ipatitution, 3. -'Algernon Charles Swinburne : his upon the Society's efforts in furthering
Early Life and Work,' Lecture I. , Mr. L. Gosso.
V. -P. , in the chair. -Mr. S. W. Melsom read a
Institution of Civil Engineers, 8. -Tho Remodelling and
Oriental research. A large part of the
paper entitled
' Dry Batteries : the Relation
Equipment in Madre Harbour, so habe appling publication is occupied with discoveries.
between the Incidence of the Discharge and the
H. H. G. Mitchell.
concerning the processes of mummification
Relative Capacity of Cells of Different Manu-
Wxo. Arcbiological Institute, 4. 30. -'Brcantions near West
Mardon and in Hayung Island, Mr. T. Kly: The Fifteenth-
illustrated by plates. Other matter of
facture. ' The paper described the results of a
Century Painted Glass in the Church of St. Michael, Anbton.
series of tests made in order to ascertain to what
under-Lyne, depicting Events in the Life of st. Helena, Dr.
interest to scholars is to be found in treatises
extent those in general use afford an indication Meteorologionl. 7. 30. - Report on the Phonological Observa-
on an inscribed nail of Ellil-bani, twelfth king
of the relative value of different types of dry cells.
tions for 1911,' Messrs. J. E. Clark and R. H. Hooker; ' A of the Babylonian dynasty of Isin, and on
Method of Summarizing Anemograms,' Messrs. R. G. K.
Four types of cell were used for the tests, these
Lemptert and W. Braby.
the mutual relations between China, Nepaul,
being chosen on account of their widely different Folklore, 8. — The Dreamers of tho Mohavo-Apache,' Miss B.
characteristics. A number of each of these types
Bhutan, and Sikkim as set forth in Chinese
Geological, 8. -The Pre-Cambrian and Cambrian Rocks of
were subjected to tests at various rates of dis-
official documents.
Brawdy, Hayscastle, and Brimaston (Pembrokoshire). ' Mr.
charge.
H. H. Thomas and Prot. 0. T. Jones: The Geologica!
Structure of Central Wales and the Adjoining Region,
Two papers by Dr. R. Beckett Denison, entitled
Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly State-
Prot. 0. T. Jones.
Contributions to the Knowledge of Liquid Mix. Microscopical, 8. - Note on the Lite-Bistory of a Marine ment, April, 2) net; and Annual
Diatom from Bournemouth,' Mr. J. D. siddell: On
tures,' were read in abstract by Dr. N. T. M.
Modided Form of the Laver Pine-Adjustment and a Simple
Report and Accounts for the Year 1911.
Wilsmore. The first paper dealt with ‘Property,
Turn-out Device for the Substage Condensor,' Mr. E. B.
Office of the Fund
Htringor.
Composition Curves and the Molecular Ohanges Society of Arts, 8. -'Municipal Chemistry. " Mr. J. H. Conto.
which take place in forming Binary Compounds. ' THURS. Royal Institution, 3. - Synthetic Ammonia and Nitric Acid St. Paul's Ecclesiological Society, Trans-
A property. composition curve is obtained by
from the Atmosphere,' Lecture I. , Prof. A. W. Crossley.
Linnean, 8. -' On Botrychioxylon paradoxum, a Palæozoic
actions, Vol. VII. Part I. , 5/
plotting the value of any physical property of a
Pern with Secondary Wood, Dr. D. H. Soolt; 'On Payomo-
Harrison & Sons
binary mixture against the fractional composition
phyllum majus, sp. nora, from the lower Carboniterous
Rocks of Newfoundland, together with a Rovision of the
of the mixture. In an “ideal " binary mixture
Contains earnest and careful dissertations
Gonus, and Remarks on its Affinitio,' Dr. A. A. Nowell
both kinds of molecules remain in the same state
Arbor: Tho Alpine Plora of the Canadian Rocky Moun- upon the history and remains of the Augus-
tains, Mrs. Hepshaw.
after as before the mixture, and the curve is a
Royal Numismatic. - The Anglo-Gallic Coinage of Henry VI. ,'
tinian Abbey of Lesnes, St. Mary Magdalene's
straight line. Deviation from the straight line
Mr. L. M. Howlett.
indicates the existence of some definite molecular
Society of Antiquarien, 8. 30.
Chapel at Kingston, St. Benet, Paul's Wharf,
Ya. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 8. -Tenth Roport to
process association, dissociation, or chemical
and Christ Church, Newgate Street.