Science Friday,
National
Public Radio, May 7,1999.
Steven-Pinker-The-Blank-Slate 1
57. Daly, 1991.
58. Alcock, 2001.
59. Buss, 1995; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Daly & Wilson, 1999; Etcoff, 1999; Harris, 1998a; Hrdy, 1999; Ridley, 1993; Ridley, 1997; Symons, 1979; Wright, 1994.
60. Plominetal. , 2001.
PART III: HUMAN NATURE WITH A HUMAN FACE
1. Drake, 1970; Koestler, 1959. 2. Galileo, 1632/1967, pp. 58-59.
Chapter 8: The Fear of Inequality
1. From The Rambler, no. 60.
2. From the Analects.
3. Charlesworth, 1987; Lewontin, 1982; Miller, 2000b; Mousseau & Roff, 1987; Tooby & Cosmides, 1990. {448}
4. Tooby&Cosmides, 1990.
5. Lander etal. , 2001.
6. Bodmer & Cavalli-Sforza, 1970.
7. Tooby & Cosmides, 1990.
8. Patai & Patai, 1989.
9. Sowell, 1994; Sowell, 1995a.
10. Patterson, 1995; Patterson, 2000.
11. Cappon, 1959, pp. 387-392.
12. Seventh Lincoln-Douglas debate, October 15,1858.
13. Mayr, 1963, p. 649. For a more recent statement of this argument from an evolutionary geneticist, see Crow, 2002.
14. Chomsky, 1973, pp. 362-363. See also Segerstrale, 2000.
15. For further discussion, see Tribe, 1971.
16. Los Angeles Times poll, December 21, 2001.
17. Nozick, 1974.
18. Gould, 1981, pp. 24-25. For reviews, see Blinkhorn, 1982; Davis, 1983; Jensen, 1982; Rushton, 1996; Samelson, 1982.
19. Putnam, 1973, p. 142.
20. See the consensus statements by Neisser et al. , 1996; Snyderman & Rothman, 1988; and Gottfredson, 1997; and also Andreasen et al. , 1993; Caryl, 1994; Deary, 2000; Haier et al. , 1992; Reed & Jensen, 1992; Thompson et al. , 2001; Van Valen, 1974; Willerman et al. ,
? ? ? ? ? 1991.
21. Moore & Baldwin, 1903/1996; Rachels, 1990.
22. Rawls, 1976.
23. Hayek, 1960/1978.
24. Chirot, 1994; Courtois et al. , 1999; Glover, 1999.
25. Horowitz, 2001; Sowell, 1994; Sowell, 1996.
26. Lykkenetal. , 1992.
27. Interview in Boston Phoenix in the late 1970s, quotation reproduced from memory. Ironically, Wald's son Elijah became a radical science writer, like his father and his mother, the biologist Ruth Hubbard.
28. Degler, 1991; Kevles, 1985; Ridley, 2000.
29. Bullock, 1991; Chirot, 1994; Glover, 1999; Gould, 1981.
30. Richards, 1987, p. 533.
31. Glover, 1999; Murphy, 1999.
32. Proctor, 1999.
33. Laubichler, 1999.
34. For discussions of the Marxist genocides of the twentieth century and comparisons to the Nazi Holocaust, see Besancon, 1998; Bullock, 1991; Chandler, 1999; Chirot, 1994; Conquest, 2000; Courtois et al. , 1999; Getty, 2000; Minogue, 1999; Shatz, 1999; Short, 1999.
35. For discussions of the intellectual roots of Marxism and comparisons with the intellectual roots of Nazism, see Berlin, 1996; Besancon, 1981; Besancon, 1998; Bullock, 1991; Chirot, 1994; Glover, 1999; Minogue, 1985; Minogue, 1999; Scott, 1998; Sowell, 1985. For discussions of the Marxist theory of human nature, see Archibald, 1989; Bauer, 1952; Plamenatz, 1963; Plamenatz, 1975; Singer, 1999; Stevenson & Haberman, 1998; Venable, 1945.
36. See, e. g. , Venable, 1945, p. 3.
37. Marx, 1847/1995, chap. 2.
38. Marx & Engels, 1846/1963, part I.
39. Marx, 1859/1979, preface.
40. Marx, 1845/1989; Marx & Engels, 1846/1963.
41. Marx, 1867/1993, vol. l,p. 10.
42. Marx & Engels, 1844/1988.
43. Glover, 1999, p. 254.
44. Minogue, 1999.
45. Glover, 1999, p. 275.
46. Glover, 1999, pp. 297-298.
47. Courtois et al. , 1999, p. 620.
48. See the references cited in notes 34 and 35.
49. Marx quotation from Stevenson & Haberman, 1998, p. 146; Hitler quotation from Glover, 1999, p. 315.
50. Besancon, 1998.
51. Watson, 1985.
52. Tajfel, 1981.
53. Originally in Red Flag (Beijing), June 1, 1958; quoted in Courtois et al. , 1999.
Chapter 9: The Fear of Imperfectibility
1. The Prelude, Book Sixth, "Cambridge and the Alps," I. Published 1799-1805.
2. Passmore, 1970, epigraph.
3. For example, the Seville Statement on Violence, 1990.
4. "Study says rape has its roots in evolution," Boston Herald, January 11,2000, p. 3. 5. Thornhill& Palmer, 2001.
6. Brownmiller & Merhof, 1992.
7. Gould, 1995, p. 433.
8. Well, almost. The cartoonist, Jim Johnson, told me that he may have slandered walruses: he subsequently learned that it is leopard seals that kill penguins for fun.
9. Williams, 1988.
10. Jones, 1999; Williams, 1988.
11. Williams, 1966, p. 255.
12. On the relevance of human nature to morality, see McGinn, 1997; Petrinovich, 1995; Rachels, 1990; Richards, 1987; Singer, 1981; Wilson, 1993.
13. Masters, 1989, p. 240.
14. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Daly & Wilson, 1999. {449}
15. Jones, 1997.
16. Daly & Wilson, 1999, pp. 58-66.
17.
Science Friday, National Public Radio, May 7,1999.
18. Singer, 1981.
19. Maynard Smith & Szathmary, 1997; Wright, 2000.
20. De Waal, 1998; Fry, 2000.
21. Axelrod, 1984; Brown, 1991; Fry, 2000; Ridley, 1997; Wright, 2000.
? ? 22. Singer, 1981.
23. Skinner, 1948/1976; Skinner, 1971; Skinner, 1974.
24. Chomsky, 1973.
25. Berlin, 1996; Chirot, 1994; Conquest, 2000; Glover, 1999; Minogue, 1985; Minogue, 1999; Scott, 1998.
26. Scott, 1998.
27. Quoted in Scott, 1998, pp. 114-115.
28. Perry, 1997.
29. Harris, 1998a.
30. From a dialogue with Betty Friedan in Saturday Review, June 14,1975, p. 18, quoted inSommers, 1994, p. 18.
31. Quoted by Elizabeth Powers, Commentary, January 1,1997.
32. From a talk at the Cornell University Institute on Women and Work, quoted by C. Young, "The mommy wars," Reason, July 2000. 33. Liza Mundy, "The New Critics," Lingua Franca, 3, September/October 1993, p. 27.
34. "From Carol Gilligan's chair," interview by Michael Norman, New York Times Magazine, November 7, 1997.
35. Letter by Bruce Bodner, New York Times Magazine, November 30,1997.
36. C. Young, "Where the boys are," Reason, February 2, 2001.
37. Sommers, 2000.
Chapter 10: The Fear of Determinism
1. Kaplan, 1973, p. 10.
2. E. Felsenthal, "Man's genes made him kill, his lawyers claim," Wall Street Journal, November 15,1994. The defense was unsuccessful: see "Mobley v. The State," Supreme Court of Georgia, March 17,1995,265 Ga. 292,455 S. E. 2d61.
3. "Lawyers may use genetics study in rape defense," National Post (Canada), January 22, 2000, p. A8.
4. Jones, 2000; Jones, 1999.
5. Dennett, 1984. See also Kane, 1998; Nozick, 1981, pp. 317-362; Ridley, 2000; Staddon, 1999.
6. Dershowitz, 1994; J. Ellement, "Alleged con man's defense: 'Different' mores," Boston Globe, February 25, 1999; N. Hall, "Metis woman avoids jail term for killing her husband," National Post (Canada), January 20, 1999.
7. B. English, "David Lisak seeks out a dialogue with murderers," Boston Globe, July 27, 2000.
8. M. Williams, "Social work in the city: Rewards and risks," New York Times, July 30,2000.
9. S. Morse, Review of C. Sandford's Springsteen point blank, Boston Globe, November 19, 1999.
10. M. Udovich, Review of M. Meade's The unruly life of Woody Allen, New York Times, March 5,2000.
11. L. Franks, Interview with Hillary Clinton, Talk, August 1999.
12. K. Q. Seelye, "Clintons try to quell debate over interview," New York Times, August 5,1999.
13. Dennett, 1984; Kane, 1998; Nozick, 1981, pp. 317-362; Ridley, 2000; Staddon, 1999.
14. Quoted in Kaplan, 1973, p. 16.
15. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Frank, 1988; Pinker, 1997; Schelling, 1960.
16. Quoted in Kaplan, 1973, p. 29.
17. Daly & Wilson, 1988, p. 256.
18. Dershowitz, 1994; Faigman, 1999; Kaplan, 1973; Kirwin, 1997.
19. Rice, 1997.
Chapter 11: The Fear of Nihilism
1. October 22,1996; reprinted in the English edition of L'Osservatore Romano, October 30, 1996. 2. Macnamara, 1999; Miller, 1999; Newsome, 2001; Ruse, 2000.
3. SeeNagel, 1970; Singer, 1981.
4. Cummins, 1996; Trivers, 1971; Wright, 1994.
5. Zahn-Wexleretal. , 1992.
6. Brown, 1991.
7. Hare, 1993; Lykken, 1995; Mealey, 1995; Rice, 1997.
8. Rachels, 1990.
9. Murphy, 1999.
10. Damewood, 2001.
11. Ron Rosenbaum, "Staring into the heart of darkness," New York Times Magazine, June 4, 1995; Daly & Wilson, 1988, p. 79. 12. Antonaccio & Schweiker, 1996; Brink, . 1989; Murdoch, 1993; Nozick, 1981; Sayre-McCord, 1988.
13. Singer, 1981.
PART IV: KNOW THYSELF
1. Alexander, 1987, p. 40. {450}
Chapter 12: In Touch with Reality
1. Quotation from Cartmill, 1998.
2. Shepard, 1990.
3. www. bcs. mit. edu/persci/high/gallery/checkershadowillusion. html.
? ? ? ? ? 4. www. bcs. mit. edu/persci/high/gallery/checkershadowillusion. html.
5. From the computer scientist Oliver Selfridge; reproduced in Neisser, 1967.
6. Brown, 1991.
7. Brown, 1985; Lee, Jussim, & McCauley, 1995.
8. "Phony science wars" (Review of Ian Hacking's The social construction of what? ), Atlantic Monthly, November 1999.
9. Hacking, 1999.
10. Searle, 1995.
11. Anderson, 1990; Pinker, 1997, chaps. 2, 5; Pinker, 1999, chap. 10; Pinker & Prince, 1996.
12. Armstrong, Gleitman, & Gleitman, 1983; Erikson & Kruschke, 1998; Marcus, 2001a; Pinker, 1997, chaps. 2, 5; Pinker, 1999, chap. 10; Sloman, 1996.
13. Ahnetal. ,2001.
14. Lee, Jussim, & McCauley, 1995.
15. McCauley, 1995; Swim, 1994.
16. Jussim, McCauley, & Lee, 1995; McCauley, 1995.
17. Jussim &Eccles, 1995.
18. Brown, 1985; Jussim, McCauley, & Lee, 1995; McCauley, 1995.
19. Gilbert & Hixon, 1991; Pratto & Bargh, 1991.
