No More Learning

Dux Suffolc', Johannes Dux Nor brought face face. He particularly spoke thumberland, ceteri Comit’ Barones, pre against Thomas Palmer, the chief witness. dict' Edwardi nuper Ducis Somers' pares in But the witnesses were not brought, only their stant super eorum sidelitatibus legianc' dicto Examinations before-mentioned read. Upon muper Regi debit per prefat' Seneschal' Anglie this the king's counsel replied, and avouched
veritate inde diceud' onerati; postea the law be, assemble men with intent per eundem Seneschal’ inferiori pare, usque kill the duke Northumberland, was Treason
plead assist him point law, but only answered matters fact: desired no ad vantage might taken against him for any
any time have never intend parts, but had Wm. Her bert his friend; that had never deter
mined have killed the duke Northumber
idle angry word that might fallen from him; protested
have raised the north only upon some reports, sent
land, any other person, but had only talked
without any intention doing That for the design destroying the gendarmery,
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521] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Duke of Somerset, for IIgh Treason. [522
by a Statute of the 3rd and 4th of Edw. 6, Then the duke Northumberland addressed made against unlawful Assemblies, which himself the duke, and told him, That now,
enacts, “That if twelve persons should have since the law was condemned die, assembled together to have killed any privy he had saved him formerly, so he would not counsellor, and upon proclamation they have now wanting serve him, how little soever not dispersed themselves, it was Treason : or, expected
if such twelve had been by any malicious fore
artifice brought together for any Riot, and mised him
being warned, did not disperse themselves, it duke of Somerset then thanked the lords for was felony without benefit of clergy or sanc their favour, and asked pardon the duke tuary. ’ That to raise London, or the North Northumberland, Northampton, and Pem parts of the realm, was Treason. That to broke for his intentions against them and have men about him to resist his Attachment made suit for his life, and for his wife and chil was felony. That to assault the lords, and to dren and from thence he was carried the devise their deaths, was felony. These things Tower, where remained till January 22, were urged against him by the counsel (as is
their usual way of pleading) with much bitter ness. Then the peers withdrew to debate the
matter. The Proofs about design raising the North the City, killing the gen darmes, did not satisfy them, (for these had been without question treasonable) they only held that point, conspiring im prison the duke Northumberland. ’ The duke
when his Petition for life having been rejected, was brought the scaffold about eight
Suffolk was opinion, That among private subjects should
contention any ac
o'clock the morning.
Account the Duke's Erecution.
Touching which Execution (i) few words
here would bestowed describing the won
derful order and manner thereof, according hath faithfully been suggested upon the
credit certain noble personage, who not only was there present the deed doing, but also manner next unto him upon the scaffold,
count screwed Treason.
Northumberland said he would never consent beholding the order things with eyes,
The duke
that any practice against him should re
uted Treason. Several the lords said, person mean spirit, whose patience had
They held unfit that the duke Northum long abused, male-administration, and had berland, the marquis Northampton, and the procured his imprisonment; after that, being earl Pembroke should on the Trial; be reconciled him, put him upon beheading cause the prisoner was chiefly charged with his brother, who was exceeding brave, and for practices intended against them. But Answer midable Northumberland. Which done, was made, That peer the realin might not after had gained his wish, and drawn the
be challenged. So after great difference opinion, they acquitted him Treason.
But the greater number found him guilty Felony, (g) and Judgment was given that
chief power into his own hands, had nothing else do, but remove Somerset himself out the way towards whom shewed such
contempt, drove the other upon thought killing Dudley, for the vindication his own
should
hanged. (h)
(g) “One Attainder passed Edward oth's
reign, when, though the party was not beard, coat mail under his cloaths, and carrying
the witnesses were heard but when the duke of Somerset came be tried both for Treason
and Felony, had not the benefit the ac cusers being brought face face, but was pro ceeded against upon depositions read the court; was acquitted the Treason, but cast for Felony and that occasioned the Act which the commons grafted upon Bill sent
the subsequent sessions, State Tracts, vol.
with him party armed men, whom left
the next chamber; but when was intro
duced the civilest manner Dudley, who was naked, and lying upon his bed, the good natured man repented him, would not execute
design, and departed without striking stroke. The plot being afterwards discovered:
the treachery some the accomplices, was accused upon and, notwithstanding
down
viz.
554.
dicted, arraigned, &c. unless the offender
the lords and Edw.
the unwillingness the king, who had been in brought under his care, was condemned
which Act,
person shall
accused cusers,
brought
cused,” &c. Rastas, 102.
(h) Thuanus translated Wilson, vol. 409,
there were troubles
says,
most dangerous na
person before the party ac
sellor, though did not accomplish should forfeit his head. Accordingly, the beginning
the next year, was, sport fortune, beheaded
him suffered Ralph Vane,
Somerset was said have held his unlawful cabals, and have conspired against Northum berland and others. ”
(i) Fox's Book Martyrs, 1247.
ture; for John Dudley, first created earl Warwick, and then duke Northumberland,
ambitious and sagacious man, had accused the duke Somerset, Protector the realin,
the Rev. Mr.
the malignant London. With whose advice
“In England
authority.
from him desired him there the king's mercy, which pro
would faithfully serve him. The
Somerset therefore went his house under pretence visit, covered with
death, because had offended against late two lawful accusers which ac law, which had provided, That whoever was
the time the Arraignment, shall found contriving the death privy-coun
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523] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. -Proceedings asainst Edward [524
and with his pen also reporting the same in ‘whereunto willingly offer myself, with most order and manner as here followeth : “hearty thanks unto God, that hath given me
In the year of our Lord 1552, the 22nd day “this time repentance, who might through
of January, the noble duke of Somerset, uncle ‘sudden death have taken away my life, that
to king Edward, was brought out of the Tower “neither should have acknowledged him nor
of London aud delivered to the sheriffs of the “myself—Moreover, dearly beloved friends,
city, and compassed round about with a great
number of armed men, both of the guard and
others, he was brought unto the Scaffold on
Tower-hill; where as he nothing changing nei
ther voice nor countenance, but in a manner
with the same gesture which he commonly used
at home, kneeling down upon both his knees,
“there yet somewhat that must put you “mind of, touching Christian Religion; which,
“so long was authority, always dili
“gently set forth and furthered my power. “Neither repent me my doings, but rejoice therein, sith that now the state Christian Religion cometh most near unto the form and
and lifting up his hands, commended himself ‘order the primitive church. Which thing
unto God. After that he had ended a few
short prayers, standing up again, and turning
himself toward the east-side of the scaffold, no
thing at abashed (as seemed unto me “forth unto you, you will with like thankfulness standing about the midst the scaffold, and “accept and embrace, and set out the same diligently marking things), neither with the ‘your living. Which thing you not, sight the ax, neither yet the hangman,
present death; (k) but with the like ala
crity and chearfulness mind and countenance
as beforetimes he was accustomed hear the there was terrible noise heard whereupon causes and supplications others, and espe there came
cially the poor, uttered these words the noise was people: great storm
“Dearly beloved friends; am brought seemed
‘hither suffer death, albeit that never great deal
“fended against the king, neither word nor armoury, and having caught fire, had violently
“deed, and have been always faithful and broken out. But unto some again, seemed
“true unto this realm, any man hath been.
“But forsomuch am law condemned ‘to die, acknowledge myself well
others subject thereunto. Wherefore testify my obedience which owe unto the
though had been great multitude of horsemen running together, coining upon them. Such noise then was the ears of
men, albeit they saw nothing. Whereby
happened, that the people being amazed
without any evident cause, without any violence stroke stricken, any man seen, they ran
laws, am come hither suffer death
. . . forgery;
(k) “It was generally believed, that
this pretended upon which was some into the houses thereabout other some
condemned, was only for both Pal being 'afraid with the horror and noise, fell
mer and Crane, the chief witnesses, were soon down groveling unto the ground with their
after discharged, were also Bartvile and pole-axes and halberts; and most them
Hamond, with the rest that had been made cried out, “Jesus save us, Jesus save
prisoners the pretence this plot. And Those which tarried still their places, for the duke of Northumberland continucd after fear knew not where they were. And my
that close friendship with Palmer, that self which was there present among the rest,
was generally believed had been corrupted betray him. And indeed, the not bringing witnesses into court, but only the depositions,
being also afraid this hurly-burly, stood still altogether amazed, looking when any man would knock me on the head. —In the mean time, whilst
and the parties sitting Judges, gave great occa these things were thus doing, the people by
sion condemn the proceedings against him. For was generally thought, that was
artifice Palmer's, who had put the duke Somerset fear his life, and got him gather men about him for his own preservation; and that afterwards being taken with him, seemed through fear acknowledge that which he had before contrived. This was more
chance spied one Anthony Brown riding un the scaffold, which was the occasion new noise; for when they saw him coming, they con jectured that which was not true, but notwith standing which they wished for, that the king that messenger had sent his uncle Par don; and therefore with great rejoycing, and
casting their caps, they cried out, Pardon, pardon come God save the king Thus
this good duke, although was destitute
man's help, yet saw before departure, how great love and favour was with men.
confirmed the death the other four, who were executed on the 26th of Feb. and did all
all Vane added, That his blood would make Nor And truly not think, that great
protest they had never been guilty any de sign, either against the king, kill the lords.
thumberland's pillow uneasy him. The
people were generally much affected with this execution. ” Burn. Reform. 136.
slaughter dukes hath been England with these few years, there were many weeping
eyes one time; and not without cause: for
of
“you all, that this which most purely set
esteem great benefit given God both
‘unto you
me most heartily exhorting
‘without doubt greater mischief and calamity will follow. ’
When had spoken these words, suddenly
great fear men. This had been the noise of some
tempest, which unto some heard from above; like
gunpowder being inclosed an
away, some into the ditches and puddles, and
2 by
of so II of hein on to to
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525] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Duke of Somerset, High Treason. [526
all men did see the decay this duke, the the sheriffs farewel, then the lieutenant the
public ruin England, except such
deed did perceive nothing. But now
turn from whence we have strayed, the duke the mean time standing still the same place, modestly, and with grave countenance, made
sign the people with hand, that they would keep themselves quiet. Which thing be
home and abroad, and less diligent seeking the common commodity the whole realin. At which words the people
Tower and others, taking them the hands re which were upon the scaffold with him. Then gave the hangman certain money. Which done, he off his gown, and kneeling down
again the straw, untied his shirt-strings. Af ter that the hangman coming unto him, turned down his collar round about his neck, and all other things which did let hinder him. Then listing his eyes Heaven, where his onl
Dearly beloved friends, there
matter here hand, you vainly hope own handkerchief, laid himself down along, believe. seemeth thus good unto Almighty shewing manner token trouble fear, God, whose ordinance meet and neces neither did his countenance change, but that be
“sary that obedient unto. Where fore his eyes were covered there began appear fore pray you quiet, and con red colour the midst of his cheeks. -Thus
tented with my death; which am most wil this most meek and gentle duke lying along, ‘ling suffer: and now join prayer and looking for the stroke, because his doublet
unto the Lord for the preservation the covered his neck, was commanded rise king's majesty, unto whom hitherto have and put off; and then laying himself down always shewed myself most faithful and again upon the block, and calling thrice upon true subject. have always been most dili the name Jesus, saying, ‘Lord Jesu, save
“gent about his majesty his affairs, both me! " As was the third time repeating the
same, even the name Jesu was uttering, moment he was herest both head and
ing done, and silence obtained, them this manner:
spake unto
such hope remained, and covering his face with his
life. ”
His son continued
“uprightly withjustice. Unto whom exhort house peers: which giving great light into
disconsolate condi his titles; till queen Eliza
unto his counsellors the grace and favour
God, whereby they may rule things 1660, presented the following Case the
cried out, and said, “It was not true. ' Then the duke proceeding, said, “Unto whose majesty
tion, deprived
beth, the 1st year
earl Hertford, and baron Seymour; and his grandson, William earl Hertford, was created marquis Hertford, 1640, and the year
wish continual health, with felicity and
“prosperous success. ’ Whereunto the people again cried out, “Amen. ”—“Moreover, wish
her reign, created him
“you “dient,
the Lord, shew yourselves obe that proceeding,
here inserted.
your bounden duty, under the condemnation, and also most profit able for the preservation and safeguard the
king's majesty. Moreover, forsomuch
heretofore have had oftentimes affairs with
divers men, and hard please every
man, therefore there any that hath been FDw ARD, earl Hertford (great grand offended and injured me, most hutmbly father the said marquis) was letters pa require and ask him forgiveness; but especially
Almighty God, whom throughout my life
have most grievously offended and other
whatsoever they that have offended me,
with my whole heart forgive them. Now once
again require you, dearly beloved the Lord, ever; with several other remainders over that you will keep yourselves quiet and still, tail. -The said duke afterwards, viz. Mi lest through your tumult you might trouble chaelmas-Term, Edw. was indicted
me. For albeit the spirit willing and Felony, for procuring and stirring others ready, the flesh frail and wavering and take and imprison John earl Warwick (one
pain
the
HERT
touch
through your quietness, shall much more quieter. Moreover, desire you bear me witness, that die here the faith
“Jesus Christ; desiring you help me with your prayers, that may persevere constant
“in the same unto my life's end. "
After this, turning himself again about
like meek lamb, kneeled down upon his knees. Then Dr. Cox, who was there present counsel and advertise him, delivered cer
tain scroll into his hand, wherein was contained brief Confession unto God; which being read, stood again upon feet, without any trouble mind, (as appeared) and first bad
the king's privy council); which Indictment (though void both matter and forin) was pre tended grounded the statute and
Edw. which makes Felony stir and
The Case ing
Marquis Dukedom Somerset,
Ford,
1660,
when the Bill was brought into Parliament
restore him the Title Duke So M FRSET.
tents under the great seal England, bearing date the 6th April, Edw. created duke Somerset, hold him and the heirs males his body, upon the body the lady Anne
his then wife begotten and begotten, for
any the king's council; but this Indictment was only for stirring others imprison privy counsellor, (which was never reduced into act)
and the same declared and branded print void learned judges. Yet the said duke
was found guilty Felony, and put death this fact, which was but pretended felony;
and true, yet entailed estate forfeitable thereby. —The malice his enemies not satis
procure others take away the life
of
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- 527] STATE TRIALS, 5 Epw. WI. 1551–Froceedings concerning [52s
fied with his blood, afterwards their power (in the infancy the duke's heir, who continued and was owned for duke of Somerset for several
whatsoever name or names he the same duke
hath been called, named, created, any
letters patents, writs, otherwise. ” This being case unprecedented, both law and history, and contrary the rules law, justice and reason, have attainder Felony stand, the late duke Somerset's Lands,' wherein for offence, which apparently neither then,
months after his father's death,) procured act parliament the same year, Edw.
intituled, “An Act touching the linitation
there clause obliquely inserted, take away the said honour entailed aforesaid;
nor any time after, was felony; and felony yet have forfeiture extended beyond the offence, there were any) and
maliciously prosecuted after the death the said duke, (who was mainly instrumental
Re
which Felony (how notorious soever the
same had been) could law have been for
feited, viz. “And farther enacted, That the
said duke and his heirs males, begotten upon bringing about the blessed Reformation
the body the said lady Anne for ever, shall, ligion), humbly conceived most
authority this Act, lose and forfeit unto agreeable justice restore the said marquis,
your highness, your heirs and successors for who heir male of the bodies of the said duke
ever, and also deprived from henceforth for and the lady Anne his wife, his ancient ho
ever, well the names viscount Beau nour, illegally taken away aforesaid. ”
champ, earl Hertford, and duke Somerset, Whereupon, September 1660, the said
and every them, also and every marquis Hertford was restored the Duke
other his and their honour honours, degrees, dom Somerset, repeal the Act dignities, estates, preheminences, and styles, the 5th of Edw.
43. Proceedings concerning the Non-Conformity Religion the Lady MARY, Sister the King EDw ARD the Sixth, after wards Queen England: Edw. VI. 1550, 1551.
By Fox's Acts and Monum. 700. j
the first Instrument which here printed, appears that letter letters had been sent the Lord Protector and Council the
whereunto would stand, and now do assure you all, that the only occasion my stay from altering mine opinion, for two causes. —One
Lady Mary, remonstrating against her Non principally for my conscience sake; the other,
conformity. Such letter letters have not found.
The Lady Mary's Letter the Lord Protector and the rest the Council.
that the king my brother shall not hereafter charge me one those that were agree able such alterations his tender years. And what fruits daily grow such changes, since the death the king my father, every
“My Lord; perceive the letters which indifferent person well appeareth, both the late received from you, and other the displeasure God, and unquietness the
realin. —Notwithstanding, assure you all, would loth see his highness take hurt, that any evil should come this his realm,
the best you all, and none you have late law your own making, for the the like cause, considering how am compelled altering matters Religion, which my nature, being his majesty's poor and humble conscience not worthy have the name sister, most tenderly love and pray for him, law, both for the king's honour's sake, the and unto this his realm (being born within the
king's majesty's council, that sorry
find little conformity me touching the
realm, giving
wealth the and occasion
evil bruit through Christendom, besides
the partiality used the same, and (as my said conscience very well persuaded) the offending
observation his majesty's laws; who am well assured, that have offended no law, unless
well assured that the king his father's laws were
all allowed and consented without compul
sion the whole realm, both spiritual and
temporal, and executors sworn upon
book fulfil the same, that was an au unquiet me with matters touching my consci
ence, wherein am full point, with God's help, whatsoever shall happen me, intending,
with his grace, trouble you little with judge these matters himself. Wherein, my worldly suits, but bestow the short time
lord, was plain with you my last being think live quietness, and pray for the the court, declaring unto you that time king's majesty and you, heartily wishing,
thorized law, and that have obeyed, and will do with the grace God, till the king's majesty
my brother shall have sufficient years
same) with wealth and honour. —And any judge for mine opinion's sake,
prosperity . # God's
me the
trust none doth,
doubt not the end, with God's help, prove God, which passeth the rest: but am myself true natural and humble sister,
they the contrary opinion, with their de vices and altering laws, shall prove them selves true subjects; praying you, my lord, and the rest the council, more trouble and
I
be so
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529] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. is31–Non-conformity of the King's Sister. [530
that your proceedings may be to God's honour,
the safeguard of the king's person, and quiet
mess to the whole realm. —Moreover, where
your desire That should send my controller
and Dr. Hopton unto you, whom you would signify your minds more amply, my conten
out dispensation law, and herein her grace shall understand, that law which dissolved law; neither inay her grace
that injury the king's majesty her brother, diminish his authority far, that may
not, the free consent parliament,
tation and honour; not unknown you
all, that the chief charge my house resteth number inconveniences which hereof might
only upon the travels my said controller, who hath not been absent from my house three
whole days since the setting the same, unless were for my letters patents; that
were not for his continual diligence, think my little portion would not have stretched
far. And my chaplain occasion sick requiring the presence her trusty servant, ness hath been long absent, and not yet able because she might give more trust our
to ride. —Therefore like cannot forbear my controller, and my priest not able journey, shall desire you my lord, and
message. ”
“Her house her flock. ' You shall say: “It
well liked her grace should have her house the rest the council, that having any thing flock, but not exempt from the king's orders;
declared ine, except matters will either write your minds,
religion, neither may there flock the king's sub send some jects, but such will hear and follow the voice
trusty person, with whom talk, and make answer require; assuring you that
shall
the case shall
the king their shepherd. God disalloweth law and reason forbiddeth policy abhorreth
and her honour may not require it. ”
“Her grace deferreth her obedience the
king's laws, until his majesty
years. ’ You shall say “She could
saying more disallow the authority
the majesty his crown, and the state the realm. For herein she suspendeth his kingdom,
unine, either man woman,
any servant chaplain,
should move me the contrary science, would not give ear
my con them, nor
sufficient one the king,
contented
amend and alter unprofitable laws, for the follow, her grace with consideration may
-
well perceive. ”
“Offence taken the sending for her Offi
cers. ’ You shall say: “Ifher grace consider the first letters that purpose, they will declare our good meaning her, and her gentle usage,
suffer the like used within my house. And thus my lord, with my hearty commend ations, wish unto you and the rest well
niyself. -From my house Kinning-hall, and esteemeth his authority his age, not by
the 22d June, 1519. Your assured friend my power, MARY. ”
his right and title. Ilergrace must understand king the ordinance God, de
scent royal blood, not the numbering
his years. As creature subject mortality, hath youth, and God's grace shall have
age; but king hath difference days and years. The Scripture plainly declareth
not only young children have been kings God's special ordinance, but also (which
noted) have had best success their reign, and the favour God their proceed ings. Yea, their first years have they most purely reformed the church and state reli gion. Therefore her grace hath cause thus
diminish his majesty's power, and make him were king until she think him sufficient years. Wherein how much his ma
jesty may justly offended, they sorry think. ”
certain Matters appointed declared Dr. Hopton
Remembrance
the Council
the Lady Mary's Grace, for Answer her
former Letter; which said Hopton was, after she came her Reign, Bishop Norwich.
Her grace writeth, ‘That the Law made Parliainent not worthy the name Law,' ineaning the Statute for the Communion, &c. You shall say thereto “The fault great any subject disallow law the king, law realm, long study, free disputation,
and uniform determination the whole clergy, consulted, debated, and concluded but the greater fault her grace, being next any subject blood and estate the king's ma
jesty her brother and good lord, give exam
un
ple disobedience, being subject,
naturalness, being his majesty's sister,
neglecting the power the crown, she being standeth that acceptation we
She saith “she subject none the coun cil. ’ You shall say, “Ifher grace under
limitation law next the same. The private men, and not counsellors sworn the
example disobedience most perilous this king's majesty, knowledge not
time, she can well understand; her unkind periors; but she understand her writing
su
ness resteth the neglecting
the king's own acceptation
counsellors and magistrates ordained by his majesty, her grace must be contented to
think authority suficient the reason our office challenge superiority; not rule private affection, but God's provi
the power before God answerable, and the world toucheth her
honour. ”
“The Executors," she saith, “were sworn
king Henry 8th his laws. ’ You shall say: “It dence; not our estination, but the king's
true, they were sworn him, his laws, his honour, and finally increase the king's estate heirs, and successors; which oath they duly with our council, our dignity and vocation; observe, and should offend they should break and we think her grace will not forget the say
any one jot the king's laws now being, with ing Solomon the sixth chapter the WOL.
Mof
by us
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531] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings concerning the [532
Book of Wisdom, to move a king to rule by counsel and wisdom, and to build his estate upon them. Wherefore her grace must be re membered, the king's majesty's politic body is not made only of his own royal material body, but of a council, by whom his majesty ruleth,
before us. At Richmond the 14th of June 1519.
The Lady Mary the Lord Protector and the rest the Council, 27th June, 1549.
“My lord, perceive letters directed directeth, and governeth his realin. In the from you, and other the king's majesty's place of which council her grace is not igno council, my comptroller, my chaplain, and
rant that we be set and placed. Wherefore master Englefield my servant, that will them the reputation she shall give us, she shall give upon their allegiance repair immediately
it to the king's honour, and that which she you, wherein you gave me evident cause
shall take from us, she shall take from his ma
jesty, whose majesty we think if it might take increase or honour, as God giveth a daily a
change mine accustomed opinion you all,
that say, think you careful my quiet
ness and well doing, considering how earnestly bundance, it should receive rather increase writ you for the stay two them, and
that not without very just cause. And for master Englefield, soon could have pre pared himself, having his horses far off, al
though had not sent this present, would have performed your request. But indeed
charged with any more number, alledging the
final proportion for her charge, and therefore it
was thought to come more for their carnest part, have received them; not, have suit, meaning to be privileged subjects from tarried my answer, and not have found the law, than of her desire, which refused very little friendship, nor have been used un often to increase her number. Their cautele gently your hands sending for him upon the king might not suffer, to have his law dis whose travel doth rest the whole charge my obeyed, their countries where they should serve whole house, writ unto you lately; whose by them to be destitute, and, having been ser absence therefore shall me and my said vants to his majesty, the circumstances of their house little displeasure, especially being departure might in no wise be liked. ” far off. And besides this, greatly mar
“She refused to hear any man to the contrary vel see your writing for him, and the other of her opinion. ' You shall say: “It is an two, with such extreme words peril ensue answer more of will than of reason, and there towards them case they did not come, and fore her grace must be admonished neither to specially for my comptroller, whose charge
trust her own opinion without ground, neither
to mislike others having ground. hers
good, hurt hear the worse.
ill, she shall well she hear the better. She necessary cause) any mine, who taketh shall not alter hearing, but hearing the myself subject none you all; not doubting better. And because she shall not mislike the but the king's majesty my brother were offer, let her grace name learned men whom sufficient years perceive this matter, and
from her, being his majesty's sister, than thus any abatement. ”
* She received master Arundel, and master
Englefield,' You shall say; “All the council remembereth well her refusal to have her house
am much deceived.
For supposed would have weighed and taken my letters better
be
she will, and further than they learning shall prove she shall not moved. And far
thought reason will compel her grace. ”
the end shall say: “The good wills and minds of the Lord Protector and the coun
much toward her grace that howsoever she would herself honour esteemed, how soever conscience quieted, yea howsoever benefited, saving their duties God and the king, they would much, and their doings
please her prove will nothing
inferiours, assuring her grace, that they most for my part assure you all, that since the king sorry that she thus disquieted; and no my father, your late master and very good lord, cessity the cause, the honour and surety
the king, and the judgment their own con
science, moved them not, thus far they would
not have attempted. But their trust her
grace will allow them the more, when she shall
perceive the cause, and think less could
done them, where she provoked them far. ” you would have been contented have
These and other like credit, more amply been thus used your inferiour's hands; committed you speech, you shall declare meane, have had your officer any your her grace, and further declare your consci servants sent for force (as make know
ence for the allowing the manner the ing full cause why. Wherefore not communion, have plainly professca littic marvel, that had this remembrance
great, that cannot suddenly meet take journey which words mine opinion need not (unless were some very just and
knew what luck and incommodity the absence
my said officer should
his grace would have been
me, have suffered him
his charge Notwithstanding, have willed him this time repair you, commanding
him return forthwith for my very necessities sake, and have given the like leave my poor sick priest also, whose life think un doubtedly shall put hazard the wet and cold painful travel this journey. But
died, never took you for other than my friends; but this appeareth contrary. And saving
thought verily that my former letters should have discharged this matter, would not have troubled myself with writing the same, not doubting but you consider, that none
my house,
good lord remain where
as ye
to in
do no all
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533] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Non-Conformity of King's Sister. [534.
towards me, who always have willed and wished ders shall freely suffered say what you you well myself, and both have and they can, that you will hear what shall
- January,
our laws. suffered
hope amendment, yet now,
for mine said again. —In this point you see preterinit humbly my estate, and talk with you your brotber
will pray for you heartily,
own soul Almighty God, whom
beseech illuminate you with holy rather than your supreme lord and king. Thus spirit, whose mercy also am full point should you, being well content hear
commit yself, whatsoever shall become your opinions you are content hold them, my body. And thus with my commendations the end thank much for bringing you
bid you farewell. From iny house light, now before you learn you are loath Kenninghall, the 27th June. Your friend to see And thus much reason with our
my power, though you give me contrary natural love shall not move you, whereof we
cause, MARY.
The King's Letter the Lady Mary
1530.
“Right dear, &c. We have seen our Council, sent you late, and
answer thereunto, touching the cause
your chaplains, having offended our laws saying mass, their good and convenient ad vices, and your fruitless and indirect mistaking
the same: which thing moveth write
this time, that where good counsel from our miscontent permit you, great subject, Council hath not prevailed, yet the like from not keep our laws. Your nearness
ourself may have due regard. The whole mat blood, your greatness estate, the condition ter we perceive rests this, That you being this time maketh your fault the greater. The our next sister, whom above other our example unnatural that our sister should subjects nature should place the most estima less for then our other subjects. The cause tion us, would wittingly and purposely, not slanderous for great personage forsake only break our laws yourself, but also have our majesty. —Finally, too dangerous others maintained the same. Truly how troublesome commonwealth, make the peo sover the matter may have other terms, other ple mistrust fiction. We young, you sense hath not and although your letter think, years consider this. Truly sister,
seemeth you challenge promise inade, that troublets somewhat the more; for inay be, you may yet surely know the pro this evil suffered you greater than we can mise had such meaning, neither maintain, discern, and we much troubled because me continue your fault. You must know we doubt whether we see the whole peril, we
this, sister, you were the first time, when the
law was made, born withal, not because you
should disobey the law, but that our lenity
and love shewed you might learn obey
We made difference you from our other ence. you should not other subjects subjects, not for that other should follow our do, were not evident that therein you should laws, and you only gainstand them, but that not good subject? Were not plain you might brought forward love, that case, that you should use not your
others were duty. The error wherein you would rest double, and every part great that neither for the love God we can well suffer unredressed, neither for the love you can we but wish amended. First, you retain fashion honouring God, who in deed thereby dishonoured, and therein err you zeal lack science, and having sci ence offered you, you refuse not because
science, trust (for then should despair you) but because you think none. And surely this can best reprehend you, learn
ing daily our school, that therefore we learn things because we know them not, and are not
not learn then. Sister, you must think nothing can commend you are then reason, according
sovereign lord? Again, you should sus fered break our laws manifestly, were not comfort for others do And our laws broken, and contemned, where our
cstate? These things plain, we could almost have judged them years past. And indeed grieveth not little, that you,
Our natural love towards great, and therefore dimi you will loved us,
shew some token
think they not good, and therefore we will say not with the psalm, Mala pro bon's nihi
allowed say know not those things,
love towards that
the which you have been hitherto used; and now for very love we will
self. you are persuaded the contrary our laws, you
conscience the answer your Letter our Council, your persua remember you stick only upon one reason
would other part
sorry, then must we consider the your fault, which tie offence For though hitherto hath been
24th
Letters hope none, how shall there suiferance?
your
Our charge have the same care over every man's estate, that every man ought have over his own. And your own house you would
certain
loath openly suffer one your servants, being next you, most manifestly break your orders, must you think our state shall
for that we see. Indeed we will presume further than our years giveth us, that
doubtful things not trust our own wits, but evident things we think there differ
which should our most comfort our young
years, should alone give
occasion dis but must needs think, you ought,
comfort. Think trouble us? and sister, amend
you not you can
you without doubt nish not yourself.
reidderunt. you will writing you confess
believed when your Sovereign other things often
Lord, hear that which
you reason our alledged, Ostende mihi siden tuam factis (us.
or
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535. ] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings concerning the [536
divided into two parts. The first that mat shall most humbly desire your highness
ters religion your faith none other, but examine the truth thereof indifferently, and
either will your majesty's ambassador, now be
all Christendom doth confess. The next you will assent alteration, but wish things
ing with the emperor, inquire the same, stand they did our father's death. oyour pleasure have him move
you mean the first rule your faith that you call Christendou), and not this church
else cause demanded the emperor's
ambassador here, although were not within England wherein you are member, you this realm that time. And thereby shall
shall err many points, such our fathers appear that this point have not offended
and yours would not have suffered, whatsoever your you say the standing still things they
may please you accept
And albeit
were left him. The matter too plain hath these years much understanding and
write, what may gathered, and too perilous concluded against you. For the other art, you like alteration our authority,
things not altered our father, you should
too great injury. We take ourself, fect years, might stand with your pleasure
for the administration this our common stay matters touching the soul. undoubt
wealth, have the same authority which our
father had, diminished example Scripture, nor
edly should your majesty know more, and hear others, and nevertheless your liberty and
your will and pleasure. And whatsoever
plenteous, al most the best ordered church of the Israelites was kings younger than we be. Well sister,
The stories Scripture
your majesty hath conceived letters your Council,
me, either their report,
part, neither universal laws.
your majesty,
praised,
God
more, than commonly seen that age, yet considering you hear but one part, your highness not offended, would suitor
the same, that till you were grown more per
we will not these things interpret your writ ings the worst; love and charity shall ex ound them. But yet you must not thereby
bold offend that whereunto you see your writings might wrested. To conclude, we exhort you your duty, and any impe diment thereof, not purpose, you shall find
trust the end prove myself
brotherly affection
To teach and instruct you
and procure you
that you shall perceive you are not used mere
subject, and only commanded, but daughter, scholar, and sister, taught, in structed and persuaded. For the which cause, when you have considered this our letter, we pray you that may shortly hear from you. ”
The Lady Mary the King.
“My duty most humbly remembered your majesty, please the same understand that
vertheless live and die your humble sister and true subject. Thus after pardon craved
“My lords, your letters dated the second have received your lettters master Throg this present were deiivered unto me the third
Inorton this bearer. The contents whereof do more trouble me than any bodily sickness, though were even the death, and the ra. ther for that your highness doth charge me
both breaker your laws, and also an incourager others the like. most humbly beseech your majesty think that
never intended towards you otherwise than my duty compelleth me unto, that wish your highness honour and prosperity, for the which and daily shali pray. And where
pleaseth your majesty write, that make challenge promise made otherwise than was meant, the truth the promise could
not denied before your majesty's presence my last waiting upon the same. And although,
confess, the ground faith, whereunto take
the same. And where you write that two my chaplains, doctor Mallet and Barkly, in dicted for certain things committed them contrary the king's majesty's laws, and pro cess for them also awarded forth, and delivered
the sheriff Essex cannot but marvell they should used, considering done,
take for saying mass within my house and although have been myself minded ways, and yet am, have mass within my house; yet have been advertised that the em peror's majesty hath been promised that should never unquieted uor troubled for my
doing, some you, my lords, can witness. Furthermore, besides the declaration the said promise made me the emperor's am bassador that dead from his majesty, put
reason but handmaid, and my con iny chaplains more out fear, when was the science also hath and agree with the same: last year with the king's majesty my brother,
yet touching that promise, for much
hath pleased your majesty, God knoweth
that question was then moved, and could not denied, but affirmed some you before
whose persuasion, write,
was not mcant;
majesty true, being not much un
true you, any subject within your realm, and will by means stand argument with your majesty, but most humble wise beseech you, even for
God's sake, suffer me, your highness hath done hitherto. for worldly respect desire God my judge, but rather than offend my conscience, would desire God
i.
remedy the same. lose that have, and also my life; and ne
will give order, your duty willingly,
our majesty for my rude and bold writing,
Almighty preserve God
the same honour with long continuance health and life, ever had noble king. From Beaulien,
the 3rd February. Your majesty's most humble and unworthy sister, MARY. ”
The Lady Mary the Lords Council, the
4th
December, 1550,
hisbe
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if it
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s37] STATE TRIALs, 5 Eew. 1551–Non-conformity King's sister. [595
quieted for the trouble my said chaplains,
promise made the emperor's majesty, where you write, that first some witnesses,
next that the ambassador for the emperor de clared the same unto you, and lastly, that the same promise was affirmed you before the king's majesty your last being with him we
am think how this matter may
taken,
better thought
the promise
regarded.
full little
your hands, having always (God my judge)
such person being And for mine own part,
have received such ungentleness
you
wished unto the whole number have
the matter hitherto pro crave any thing your hands, but your good ceeded, whereupon shall appear, how evi will and friendship, which very slenderly ap dently your chaplains have offended the law, peareth this matter. Notwithstanding, and you also mistaken the promise. The pro
plain with you, howsoever shall use me mise but one itself, but times thrice
myself, and have refused trouble you,
mine (with God's help,) will never vary from mine opinion touching my faith. And
any you bear me the less good will for that matter, faint your friendship towards
you say repeated. Of which times, the first chiefly considered, for upon that the other two depend. very true the emperor made request the king's majesty, that you might have liberty use the mass your house, and were exempted from the danger the statute. To which request divers good reasons were made, containing the dis commodities that should follow the grant there
me only for the same, must and will con
tented, trusting that God will the end shew
his mercy upon me, assuring you, would ra
ther refuse the friendship the world,
(whereunto trust shall never driven) than
forsake any point my faith. am not with of, and means devised rather persuade you out some hope that will stay this matter, obey and receive the general and godly re not inforcing the rigour the law against my formation the whole realm, than private
not true. But indeed, the day before my re moving from Woodham water, my whole hous hold effect being gone Newhal, said
your own chamber, that for the rest hear divers that not obey your Statutes your houshold the service the realm should
mass there mine appointment. see and
and Proclamations, and nevertheless escape without punishment. judges
well used law, besides suffered
be used, and none other; further than this the promise exceeded not. And truly such matter then seemed some us, indeed
was, that well might the emperor have re
have mine punished rigour the false bruits that
have spoken me. Moreover, my
quired the king's majesty
matter more difficulty
chaplain doctor Mallet, besides mine own coln profit, but more weight mandment, was not ignorant the promise granted his majesty could not.
thought
from the beginning,
repeat
convenient
mass used your own closet for season un you might better informed, whereof there
was some hope, having only with you few
After this grant the emperor, which did put him out words, there was the embassador now doubt not therefore but will dead oftentimes desired some writing, tes
made
heretofore for albeit could pleasure, yet my friendship had lain my power,
fear. consider friendship
piece timony the same. But that was ever denied; have cause not because we meant break the promise, have done was made, but because there was daily
you little hope your reformation. —Now the second were sure, time you say the emperor's embassador's decla
that occasion taken away, nor but bear you my good will,
should have ration made mention promise you, well known. Thus with my hearty commen might well be. But we think otherwise
dations you all, pray Almighty God send
you much his grace, would wish mine own soul. From Beaulien, 4th Dec. Your assured friend my power, MARY. ”
The Council the Lady Mary, the 25th De cember, 1550.
than appeareth before written.
were, his fault was declare more than he heard; ours may not be, that deny not what we have said. As for the last time when were with the king's majesty, the same some
(whom these words your letter noteth) well remember, that other thing was your granted you this matter, but the first
“After our due commendations
grace, your letters us, answer
ours, touching certain process against two
your chaplains, for saying mass against the law prove the proceedings the king's majesty, and statute the realm, we perceive both the and condemn the abuse the mass, offence your chaplains otherwise excused think that where the private mass was judged than the matter may bear, and also our good ungodly, there you should have authority and wills otherwise misconstrued than we looked ground use About the same time, the for. And for the first part, where your great embassador made means have some testi
est reason excuse the offence law, mony the promise under the great seal;
promise was made the emperor,
time you had too many arguments made ap
lso
chaplains. The one them was not my fancy prejudice common order. But yet,
house these four months, and Mallet, having
iny licence, either Windsor, his be
netice, who, have heard, was indicted for
saying mass out my house, which was suffered and winked you had the private
upon earnest desire and intreaty made the emperor's name, thus much was granted, that for his sake and your own also, should
which
to
of to
:beit,to isIof
a
of
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ofto it.
to in
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to a
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539] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551,-Proceedings concerning the [540
and that not being heard, to have it but by a wealth where the people obeyed the higher es
letter; and that also was not only denied, but tates, and they obeyed the laws. As nature divers good reasons alledged, that he should hath joined your grace the king's majesty
think it denied with reason, and so to be con
tented with an answer. It was told him, in
reducing that which was commonly called the
mass to the order of the primitive Church, and
the institution of Christ, the king's majesty you his majesty's sister, we trust you will and his whole realm had their consciences well
quieted, against the which if any thing should be willingly committed, the same should be
taken as an offence to God, and a very sin dience and reverence his majesty's laws in
against a truth known. Wherefore to license by open act such a deed, in the conscience of the king's majesty and his realm, were even a
stead good preacher
his majesty's subjects, who,
you negligence his majesty,
not fail, but follow hardly, and then their fault not their own but yours, example, and may the king's majesty, when shall come further judgment, impute the fault of divers evil people (which thing God forbid) the sufferance your grace's doings. And there fore we most earnestly from the depth our
sin against God. The most that might herein
be born, was, that the king's majesty might,
upon hope of your grace's reconciliation, sus
pend the execution of his law, so that you
would use the license as it was first granted.
Whatsoever the ambassador hath said to others,
he had no other manner grant from us, nor
having it thus granted, could alledge any reason hearts desire that nature hath set your
against And where your letter your
grace noteth breakers the promise
made the emperor, shall appear who hath
broken the promise: whether we that have things touched, which we cannot pretermit; suffered more than we licensed, you that the one you seem charge with periwis have transgressed that which was granted. sion of men break laws and statutes. We Now therefore we pray your grace confer the think indeed too true, that laws and pro doings your chaplains with every point clamations broken daily, the more pity is, the premises; and the same cannot ex but that we permit them, we would sorry cused, then think also how long the law hath have proved. The other that we have suf been spared. prick our consciences some fered bruits
what, that much should used the must answered promise you may claim, how much more should see men evil,
grieve license more t'an you can claim; tales and infamies they care not, they miss and yet could we content bear great not the best. Such the boldness peo
love him most entirely, hath reason and law
in willingly.
subdued you obey
and the other we doubt not but your grace re membereth: and they both joined together
not sever them for indeed your grace cannot love him your brother, but you must obey his majesty his subject. —Example your obe
grace nigh his majesty blood, your love and zeal his majesty will further his estate
great number they may see
The one
his laws, will
burthen satisfy your grace, the burthen pressed not our consciences much doth, whereof we must say the Apostle said, glo
riatio nostra est hac, testimonium conscientiae nostra. For the other part your grace's letter,
the which we see you misconstrue our good wills writing you, howsoever the law had proceeded against your chaplains, our order sending you was liked, and therein truly had we special regard your grace's degree and
ple, that neither we can fully bridle them raise tales you, nor ourselves. And yet whensoever any certain person may gotten,
charged with any such, we never leave them unpunished. Indeed the best way both for your grace, and also, that when we can not find and punish the offender, let say
said that was evil spoken of; Yet will
live, credit shall given my backbit ers. Certainly, we had credited any evil tale
your grace, we would friendly have admo nished you thereof, and also proceeded, as either the tale-tellers should have been punished,
estate. And because the law itself respecteth
not persons, we thought give respect you,
first signifying you what the law required,
before should executed, that being warned, else have proved their tales. And there your grace might either think strangeness
fore we pray your grace think unkindness us, that any evil bruits have been spread by evil men, but think rather well us, that hew soever they were spread, we believed them not.
Hitherto your grace seeth we have written any thing done sudden. Truly we thought somewhat length, the promise made
the execution, for example obedience
cause executed yourself. Others we see perplexed with suddenness matters; your
grace we would not have unwarned, think
you, and our meanings our former writings.
And now for the latter part our letter, we will briefly we can remember you two spe
cial matters, whereof the one might suffice
ought your example further his laws. For sired follow the other the commodity which cause hath becu called good common that thereby shall ensue. They both make
more commendable for your grace help the execution law, than help the offence
one condemned law. And
giving you
knowledge what the king's laws required, we
looked for help the execution you the king's
reform your proceedings, and both together, well majesty's sister. The greater personage your considered, we trust shall your grace much grace the nigher the king, much more good. The one the truth that you de
obedience. the end your letter two
spoken you, and that also the other. pity whom they may touch with
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541] STATE TRIALS, 5 Fow. VI. 1551. —Non-Conformity of King's Sister. [34:
just commandment, and because the first the tles martyred. which time your faith de latter followeth, that first shall entreated pended upon the scripture, and otherwise there We hear say, your grace refuseth hear any was necessity believe. For Hierome thing reasoned contrary your old determina saith, Quod Scripturis non habet authorita tion, wherein you make your opinion suspicious,
that you are afraid
faith things
storm weather;
best eschew the weather. That which we tors. Augustine saith, Cum Dominus tacuerit, profess hath the foundation scriptures upon
dissuaded. your God, may abide any
eth sometimes the doctors, we may alledge unto you two three places other principal doc
plain texts and glosses, the confirmation thereof the use the primitive church, not this latter corrupted. And indeed our great
quis nost, um dicat, illa vel illa sunt aut di cere audeat, unde probat And Chrysoston's saying not unlike; Multi, inquit, jactant spiritum sanctum, scal qui propria loquuntur, falso illum pratchdunt. And you will take
but sand, you
est change not the substance our faith,
no, not any one article our creed; only their ineaning plain, read the fifth chapter
the difference that we use the ceremonies, the first book Ecclesiastica historia; and observations, and sacraments our religion where Constantine had these words the coun the apostles and first fathers the primitive cil. disputationibus, inquit, rerum divina church did. You use the same that corruption rum habetur praescripta spiritus sancti doctri
time brought in, and very babarousness and na; Evangelici Apostolici libri cum prophe ignorance nourished, and seem hold for cus tarum oraculis plene nobis ostendunt sensum nu
against truth, tom the
tem, cadem facilitate contemnitur qua probatur. And because your grace, we hear say, read
o! ,against minis; proinde, discordia posita, sumamus and we for truth
one two places verbis spiritus quastion um crplicationes. What speak the plainer sayings may than these answer maintenance your faith, and therein (so that your fault Again, too infinite were re
custom. Your grace your letter seeneth
your faith according the scriptures) we member your grace the great number par
must have the like opinion the saying very ticular errors, crept into the church, where
good, the faith sound. But every opi upon you make your foundation. The fables
nion your grace hath (we cannot tell how) con false miracles, and lewd pilgrimages may
ceived, o, your faith, you may you. Only pray your shall much somewhat teach this we
better instructed. Saint Paul teacheth you, that grace remember with your self, the two faith by the word of God. And was true words that the Father said of his Son Jesus
saying that said, Non qui cuiris credit fidelis est, sed qui Deo. For where hath your grace ground for such faith, think common
Prayer the English church should not
Christ, Ipsum audite. " To the second point the commodity that may follow your obedience, we having the king's authority this behalf, the governance this realm, must herein plain with your grace. And our speech of. fend the same, then must your grace think
our charge and office find fault where
and our part amend we may. Most sorry truly we be, that your grace, whom we
should otherwise honour for the king's majes ty's sake, your own deeds should provoke
English, that images God should
the church; that the sacrament
body and blood should offered
set Christ's
the priests
for the dead; yea, that should other
wise used than the scripture was instituted:
though you have scripture maintain them,
we have evident scriptures forbid them. And although fault may found, that late bap
tism hath been used your grace's house, con modity
perceive great discom your grace's singularity, opinion and one
trary law, and utterly without licence, yet the worse, that contrary the primitive
may
the realm named,
church, hath been unknown tongue, the which the best part the sacrament
you are sister our sovereign lord
used, and
the godfathers
the things which your grace differeth from the common order the realin, where have you ground reason, but
thus the rest
your grace's opinion, hindereth the good weal this realin, which thing we think, not
were blind bargain made matter illumination; and
wards
grace
majesty's estate, we you know the example
followed where she cause
not religious, where she excuseth error,
eech
eyes the young age the king your brother.
un
grace
shew your affection continually to him, becometh sister. And your subject, and we counsellors his
some custom, which oftentinos mother
many errors and although civil things she
may o quiet, yet your grace, your
Leviticus Ye shall not do after the
custom Egypt, wherein dwelled, nor after how then can
the custom Canaan; no, you shall not walk their laws, for am your Lord God, keep
you my laws and commandments. ' The points
wherein your grace differeth your faith,
you call may shewed where, when, how,
and whom they began since the gospel was
Preached, the church was planted, and the apos much worse stay other that would follow
offend you we
respect,
and master, we most humbly beseech your
unknown grace know,
too true. For God's sake we
you; and be, we your
Let reason tell you the looseness
the people';
you
wailing
think that you should
ance your grace see the king, being the or
dinary ruler under God, not only others the realm, but you also, call his people
ordinary laws one way, with what heart can your grace stay yourself without following
nature set before
without
the cause disturb
heart
t
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to
to beby by it as so;
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543] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings concerning the [544
their sovereign lord Can it be a love in you you, although both have been and also am to forsake him, his rule and law, and take a loth trouble you with my letters, yet never private way by yourself? if it be not love, it is theless the news which have lately heard, much less obedience. If your grace think the touching my chaplain doctor Mallet, forceth king's inajesty to be over people, the head me thereunto this present; for hear
man's body over the rest, not only credible report, that you have committed him F. but dignity and science, how can you, the Tower, which news seen me very eing principal member the same body, strange. Notwithstanding thought good
keep the nourishment from head? We pray your grace most earnestly, think this thing
much grieveth us, for our private affec
tion and goodwills you (though we should
dissemble) yet for our public office, we cannot but plainly inform your grace, not doubting
but that your wisdom can judge what our office and were not your own cause, we know your grace wisdom could charge us, we
suffered the like any other. Truly every one apart honoureth your grace for our master's sake, but when we join together
desire you advertise me what his imprisonment, assuring you
ublic service,
judge not tolerable,
this writing we do, we know disorder, see
the poor merchant Portugal, worse than myself, and
wish you bid you
May,
unamended. For though
us.