Translator's
Introduction
to Hegel's Faith and Knowedge (1802).
Hegel_nodrm
Nancy is following Hegel's own conviction that a text must "be read over and over [wiederholt gelesen werden] before it can be understood" (Hegel: 1806, 39) - i.
e.
, before "philosophical exposition can .
.
.
achieve the goal of plasticity [plastisch]" (1806: 40), which is necessary for what Nancy calls "the work of Aufhebung" or "the speculative act.
"
Hegel's Faith and Knowledge is important to our understanding of the remainder of the Hegelian corpus: it serves as a bold expression of the speculative task that was to preoccupy if not haunt Hegel for the rest of his
3 In Agon, Bloom claims that "[s]trong reading knows that what it does to the poem is right, because it knows what Emerson, its American inventor, taught it, which is that the true ship is the shipbuilder. If you don't believe in your reading, then don't bother anyone else with it, but if you do, then don't care also whether anyone else agrees or not. If it is strong enough, then they will come round to it anyway, and yous should just shrug when they tell you finally that it is a right reading. Of course it isn't, because right reading is not reading well, and can be left, as Yeats grandly would have said, to our servants, except that we haven't got any servants" (1982: 20).
? 138 Conclusion
days. Hegel here implements for the first time the dialectical strategy by which philosophical reflection was to set about reflecting itself out of the limitations of reflection itself; that strategy aimed not only at apprehending the Absolute, but apprehending it in such a manner as to keep it on this side of consciousness - i. e. , "completely determined, exoteric, comprehensible, and capable of being learned by all. "4 Without a systematic sublimation of the illusion, thought remains indeterminate, esoteric and incomprehensible; until the infinite "consumes and consummates finitude," philosophy collapses into poetry - i. e. , philosophers become, as Plato put it, "diviners and soothsayers who say many fine things, but do not understand the meaning of them. " Hegel had longed since his days at Tu? bingen for "the free upsurge of the most various living shapes in the philosophical gardens of [ancient] Greece," but all around him he saw only "the tortures of the damned. " But it was at such moments as these, he thought, when submerged and crushed by the sheer tedium of the sciences as well as the impending death of speculative reason, that the spirit of philosophy feels the strength of her growing wings most acutely (1802a: 284). At the time that he wrote Glauben und Wissen, and for many years to come, Hegel was still hovering over the corpse in question. Reconciling faith and reason, or resuscitating the proverbial corpse of faith and reason, then, as now, was no easy task: indeed, as a result (i. e. , as the product of the "seriousness, the suffering, the patience, and the labor of the negative"), it is - says Hegel, perhaps thinking of Spinoza's claim that 'all things excellent are as difficult as they are rare' - "the hardest thing of all. "5
? 4 Hegel, Pha? nomenologie, Vorrede, XIII,
5 Hegel, Phenomenology, 14: 'To judge that a thing has substance and solid worth is quite easy, to comprehend it is much harder, and to blend judgment and comprehension in a definite description is the hardest thing of all. '
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adorno, Theodor. 1993. Hegel: Three Studies, trans. Shierry Weber Nicholsen, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Barth, Karl. 1959. Protestant Thought. New York: Clarion Press.
Beck, Lewis White. 1969. Early German Philosophy: Kant and his
Predecessors. London: Oxford University Press.
Beiser, Frederick C. 1987. The Fate of Reason. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.
--. 1992. Enlightenment, Revolution, and Romanticism. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
--. 2005. Hegel (New York and London: Routledge Press)
Berlin, Isaiah
--. 1993. The Magus of the North: J. G. Hamann and the Origins of
Modern Rationalism. London: John Murray Publishers.
Bloom, Harold
--. 1973. The Anxiety of Influence. New York: Oxford University Press. --. 1975. Kabbalah and Criticism. New York: Continuum Press.
--. 1980. A Map of Misreading. New York: Oxford University Press.
--. 1982. Agon: Toward a Theory of Revisionism. New York. Oxford
University Press.
Breazeale, Daniel. 1988a. Fichte. Early Philosophical Writings. Ithaca:
Cornell University Press.
--. 1988b. "How to Make an Idealist: Fichte's >>Refutation Of
Dogmatism<< and the Problem of the Starting Point of the
Wissenschaftslehre" in Philosophical Forum, 19, pp. 97-123.
--. 1994. Introductions to the Wissenschaftslehre and Other Writings.
Hackett Publishing.
Buchner, Hartmut. 1965. "Hegel und das Kritische Journal der
Philosophie. " Hegel-Studien, iii, 95-156.
Calton, Patricia. 2001. Hegel's Metaphysics of God. Ashgate Publishers. Cassirer, Ernst. 1932. The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. Princeton
University Press.
Collins, James D. 1978. God in Modern Philosophy. Greenwood
Publishing Group, Inc.
140 Bibliography
Cosmann, Peggy. 1998. "Der Einfluss Friedrich Christoph Oetingers auf Hegels Abrechnung mit Spinoza" in the Zeitschrift fu? r Religions- und Geistesgeschichte, Volume 50, Number 2, pp. 115-136 (22).
Crawford, A. W. 1905. The Philosophy of F. H. Jacobi. New York and London: Macmillan Company.
Crouter, Richard. 1980. "Hegel and Schleiermacher at Berlin: A Many- Sided Debate. " Journal of the American Academy of Religion 48: 19- 43.
--. 1996. Translator's Introduction to Schleiermacher's On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crawford, A. W. 1905. The Philosophy of F. H. Jacobi. New York: Macmillan.
Desmond, William. 2003. Hegel's God: A Counterfeit Double? Ashgate Publishing Company.
Dickey, Laurence W. 1987. Hegel: Religion, Economics, and the Politics of Spirit, 1770-1807. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Di Giovanni, Georg. 1997. "Wie aus der Pistole: Fries and Hegel on Faith and Reason" in Hegel and the Tradition: Essays in Honor of H. S. Harris. University of Toronto Press: Toronto Buffalo London. 1997.
--. 2003. "Faith without Reason, and Religion without Faith: Kant and Hegel on Religion. " Journal of the History of Philosophy 41. 3: 365-83. --. 2005. Freedom and Religion in Kant and His Immediate Successors.
Cambridge University Press.
Dilthey, Wilhelm. 1922. Leben Schleiermachers. Berlin: Vereinigung
wissenschlicher Verleger.
Fackenheim, Emil L. 1967. The Religious Dimension in Hegel's Thought.
Boston: Beacon Press.
--. 1996. The God Within: Kant, Schelling and Historicity. University of
Toronto Press.
Fichte, Johann Gottleib. 1845-6. Sa? mtliche Werke. Hildesheim: George
Olms Verlag.
--. 1794. Wissenschaftslehre.
--. 1800. The Vocation of Man, translated by William Smith and edited by
Roderick M. Chisholm, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1956.
(Abbreviated as VOM. )
--. 2000. Foundations of Natural Right, edited by Frederick Neuhauser.
Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy.
Goudeli, Kyriaki. 2002. Challenges to German Idealism New York:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Hegel: Hovering Over the Corpse of Faith and Reason 141
Hamann, Johann Georg. 1949-1957. Sa? mtliche Werke, Historisch-kritische Ausgabe (Nadler). 6 vols. Vienna: Herder.
Harris, H. S. 1972. Hegel's Development I: Toward the Sunlight (1770- 1801), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
--. 1977a. Translator's Introduction to Hegel's The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy (1801). Albany: State University of New York Press.
--. 1977b.
Translator's Introduction to Hegel's Faith and Knowedge (1802). Albany: State University of New York Press.
--. 1983. Hegel's Development II: Night Thoughts (Jena 1801-1806), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hayden-Roy, Priscilla A. 1992. 'New and Old Histories: The Case of Ho? lderlin and Wu? rtemberg Pietism,' Modern Languages and Literatures, Department of German Language and Literature Papers, University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
--. 1994. "A Foretaste of Heaven": Friedrich Ho? lderlin in the Context of Wu? rttemberg Pietism (Amsterdam: Rodopi).
Hegel, G. W. F. 1796. Knox, Early Theological Writings.
--. 1801. The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's System of
Philosophy. Trans. by Cerf and H. S. Harris. Albany: State University
of New York Press. 1977.
--. 1802a. "The Critical Journal, Introduction: On the Essence of
Philosophical Criticism Generally, and its Relationship to the Present State of Philosophy" in Between Kant and Hegel. Trans. By H. S. Harris. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985.
--. 1802b. Faith and Knowledge. Trans. by Cerf and H. S. Harris. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977. "Glauben und Wissen oder Reflexionsphilosophie der Subjektivita? t in der Vollsta? ndigkeit ihrer Formen als Kantische,, Jacobische und Fichtesche Philosophie," Werke in zwanzig Ba? nden, II, pp. 287-433.
--. 1802c. "How the Ordinary Human Understanding takes Philosophy (as displayed in the works of Mr. Krug)" in Between Kant and Hegel. Trans. By H. S. Harris. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985.
--. 1807/B. Phenomenology of Mind. Trans. by J. B. Baillie. London: Allen and Unwin; New York: Harper and Row, 1967.
--. 1807/M. Phenomenology of Spirit. Trans. by A. V. Miller. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.
--. 1821-1822. Hinrichs and Schleiermacher: On Feeling and Reason in Religion in The Texts of the 1821-22 Debate. Trans. by Eric von der Luft. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.
142 Bibliography
--. 1827. Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion. Trans. by Hodgson. Oxford University Press, 2006.
--. 1830. Hegel's Logic: Being Part One of the Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences. Trans. by Wallace. Oxford University Press, 1975.
Heidegger, Martin. 1952. Was heisst Denken? Stuttgart: Reclam, 1992. Henrich, Dieter. 1971. Hegel im Kontext, Frankfurt: Surkamp Verlag. Herder, Johann. 1940. God, Some Conversations (Bobbs-Merrill: Library
of the Liberal Arts).
Hodgson, Peter C. 2005. Hegel and Christian Theology. Oxford
University Press.
Hoover, Jeffrey. 1988. "The Origin of the Conflict between Hegel and
Schleiermacher at Berlin. " The Owl of Minerva.
Ho? lderlin. 2008. Hyperion, translated by Ross Benjamin. Archipelago
Press.
Hope, Nicholas. 1999. German and Scandinavian Protestantism 1700 to
1918. Oxford: Clarendon Press (Oxford History of the Christian
Church).
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich. 1799. "Open Letter to Fichte. " Trans. by Diana
I. Behler. German Library: Philosophy of German Idealism. New
York: Continuum, 1987.
--. 1803. "On Faith and Knowledge in Response to Schelling and Hegel"
in an appendix to Friedrich Koeppen's Schelling Lehre oder das Ganze der Philosophie des Absoluten Nichts, Nebst drei Briefen verwandten Inhalts von Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi. Hamburg. Trans. by D. I. Behler) in Philosophy of German Idealism, 142-160. New York: Continuum, 1987.
--. 1812-1825. Werke, 6 vols. Leipzig: Fleischer, 1812-25; reprinted Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
Jaeschke, Walter. 1988. Religion in Reason: The Foundation of Hegel's Philosophy of Religion, translated by Michael Steward and Peter Hodgson (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press).
--. 1993. Der Streit um die Gestalt einer Ersten Philosophie (1799-1807). Hamburg: Meiner.
--. 2004. "Das Nictige in seiner ganzen La? nge und Breite - Hegels Kritik der Reflexionsphilosophy," Hegel-Jahrbuch,
Jensen, Kipton E. 2001. "Making Room for Reason: Hegel, Kant, and the Corpse of Faith and Knowledge. " Philosophy & Theology Summer: 359-376.
Hegel: Hovering Over the Corpse of Faith and Reason 143
--. 2001. "The Principle of Protestantism: On Hegel's (Mis-) Reading of Schleiermacher's Speeches," in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 405 - 422.
--. 2009. "The Theological Foundations of Hegel's Phenomenology" in Heythrop Journal of Philosophy and Religion, Volume 50, Issue 2 , pp. 181 - 360.
Kainz, Howard P. 1996. G. W. F. Hegel: The Philosophical System. Athens: Ohio University Press.
Kant, Immanuel. 1781. Kritic der reinen Vernunft (2nd ed. 1787). AK III, IV, 1-252. Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Norman Kemp Smith (New York: St Martin's Press, 1965).
--. 1785. Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. AK IV, 385-464.
--. 1786. "Was heit Denken orientieren? " AK VIII, 131-48.
--. 1788. Kritik der Praktishe Vernunft. AK V, 1-164.
--. 1790. Kritik der Urteilskraft. AK V. Critique of the Power of
Judgement, P. Guyer and E. Matthews (trs. ). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2000.
Kolb, David.
Hegel's Faith and Knowledge is important to our understanding of the remainder of the Hegelian corpus: it serves as a bold expression of the speculative task that was to preoccupy if not haunt Hegel for the rest of his
3 In Agon, Bloom claims that "[s]trong reading knows that what it does to the poem is right, because it knows what Emerson, its American inventor, taught it, which is that the true ship is the shipbuilder. If you don't believe in your reading, then don't bother anyone else with it, but if you do, then don't care also whether anyone else agrees or not. If it is strong enough, then they will come round to it anyway, and yous should just shrug when they tell you finally that it is a right reading. Of course it isn't, because right reading is not reading well, and can be left, as Yeats grandly would have said, to our servants, except that we haven't got any servants" (1982: 20).
? 138 Conclusion
days. Hegel here implements for the first time the dialectical strategy by which philosophical reflection was to set about reflecting itself out of the limitations of reflection itself; that strategy aimed not only at apprehending the Absolute, but apprehending it in such a manner as to keep it on this side of consciousness - i. e. , "completely determined, exoteric, comprehensible, and capable of being learned by all. "4 Without a systematic sublimation of the illusion, thought remains indeterminate, esoteric and incomprehensible; until the infinite "consumes and consummates finitude," philosophy collapses into poetry - i. e. , philosophers become, as Plato put it, "diviners and soothsayers who say many fine things, but do not understand the meaning of them. " Hegel had longed since his days at Tu? bingen for "the free upsurge of the most various living shapes in the philosophical gardens of [ancient] Greece," but all around him he saw only "the tortures of the damned. " But it was at such moments as these, he thought, when submerged and crushed by the sheer tedium of the sciences as well as the impending death of speculative reason, that the spirit of philosophy feels the strength of her growing wings most acutely (1802a: 284). At the time that he wrote Glauben und Wissen, and for many years to come, Hegel was still hovering over the corpse in question. Reconciling faith and reason, or resuscitating the proverbial corpse of faith and reason, then, as now, was no easy task: indeed, as a result (i. e. , as the product of the "seriousness, the suffering, the patience, and the labor of the negative"), it is - says Hegel, perhaps thinking of Spinoza's claim that 'all things excellent are as difficult as they are rare' - "the hardest thing of all. "5
? 4 Hegel, Pha? nomenologie, Vorrede, XIII,
5 Hegel, Phenomenology, 14: 'To judge that a thing has substance and solid worth is quite easy, to comprehend it is much harder, and to blend judgment and comprehension in a definite description is the hardest thing of all. '
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adorno, Theodor. 1993. Hegel: Three Studies, trans. Shierry Weber Nicholsen, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Barth, Karl. 1959. Protestant Thought. New York: Clarion Press.
Beck, Lewis White. 1969. Early German Philosophy: Kant and his
Predecessors. London: Oxford University Press.
Beiser, Frederick C. 1987. The Fate of Reason. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.
--. 1992. Enlightenment, Revolution, and Romanticism. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
--. 2005. Hegel (New York and London: Routledge Press)
Berlin, Isaiah
--. 1993. The Magus of the North: J. G. Hamann and the Origins of
Modern Rationalism. London: John Murray Publishers.
Bloom, Harold
--. 1973. The Anxiety of Influence. New York: Oxford University Press. --. 1975. Kabbalah and Criticism. New York: Continuum Press.
--. 1980. A Map of Misreading. New York: Oxford University Press.
--. 1982. Agon: Toward a Theory of Revisionism. New York. Oxford
University Press.
Breazeale, Daniel. 1988a. Fichte. Early Philosophical Writings. Ithaca:
Cornell University Press.
--. 1988b. "How to Make an Idealist: Fichte's >>Refutation Of
Dogmatism<< and the Problem of the Starting Point of the
Wissenschaftslehre" in Philosophical Forum, 19, pp. 97-123.
--. 1994. Introductions to the Wissenschaftslehre and Other Writings.
Hackett Publishing.
Buchner, Hartmut. 1965. "Hegel und das Kritische Journal der
Philosophie. " Hegel-Studien, iii, 95-156.
Calton, Patricia. 2001. Hegel's Metaphysics of God. Ashgate Publishers. Cassirer, Ernst. 1932. The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. Princeton
University Press.
Collins, James D. 1978. God in Modern Philosophy. Greenwood
Publishing Group, Inc.
140 Bibliography
Cosmann, Peggy. 1998. "Der Einfluss Friedrich Christoph Oetingers auf Hegels Abrechnung mit Spinoza" in the Zeitschrift fu? r Religions- und Geistesgeschichte, Volume 50, Number 2, pp. 115-136 (22).
Crawford, A. W. 1905. The Philosophy of F. H. Jacobi. New York and London: Macmillan Company.
Crouter, Richard. 1980. "Hegel and Schleiermacher at Berlin: A Many- Sided Debate. " Journal of the American Academy of Religion 48: 19- 43.
--. 1996. Translator's Introduction to Schleiermacher's On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crawford, A. W. 1905. The Philosophy of F. H. Jacobi. New York: Macmillan.
Desmond, William. 2003. Hegel's God: A Counterfeit Double? Ashgate Publishing Company.
Dickey, Laurence W. 1987. Hegel: Religion, Economics, and the Politics of Spirit, 1770-1807. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Di Giovanni, Georg. 1997. "Wie aus der Pistole: Fries and Hegel on Faith and Reason" in Hegel and the Tradition: Essays in Honor of H. S. Harris. University of Toronto Press: Toronto Buffalo London. 1997.
--. 2003. "Faith without Reason, and Religion without Faith: Kant and Hegel on Religion. " Journal of the History of Philosophy 41. 3: 365-83. --. 2005. Freedom and Religion in Kant and His Immediate Successors.
Cambridge University Press.
Dilthey, Wilhelm. 1922. Leben Schleiermachers. Berlin: Vereinigung
wissenschlicher Verleger.
Fackenheim, Emil L. 1967. The Religious Dimension in Hegel's Thought.
Boston: Beacon Press.
--. 1996. The God Within: Kant, Schelling and Historicity. University of
Toronto Press.
Fichte, Johann Gottleib. 1845-6. Sa? mtliche Werke. Hildesheim: George
Olms Verlag.
--. 1794. Wissenschaftslehre.
--. 1800. The Vocation of Man, translated by William Smith and edited by
Roderick M. Chisholm, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1956.
(Abbreviated as VOM. )
--. 2000. Foundations of Natural Right, edited by Frederick Neuhauser.
Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy.
Goudeli, Kyriaki. 2002. Challenges to German Idealism New York:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Hegel: Hovering Over the Corpse of Faith and Reason 141
Hamann, Johann Georg. 1949-1957. Sa? mtliche Werke, Historisch-kritische Ausgabe (Nadler). 6 vols. Vienna: Herder.
Harris, H. S. 1972. Hegel's Development I: Toward the Sunlight (1770- 1801), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
--. 1977a. Translator's Introduction to Hegel's The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy (1801). Albany: State University of New York Press.
--. 1977b.
Translator's Introduction to Hegel's Faith and Knowedge (1802). Albany: State University of New York Press.
--. 1983. Hegel's Development II: Night Thoughts (Jena 1801-1806), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hayden-Roy, Priscilla A. 1992. 'New and Old Histories: The Case of Ho? lderlin and Wu? rtemberg Pietism,' Modern Languages and Literatures, Department of German Language and Literature Papers, University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
--. 1994. "A Foretaste of Heaven": Friedrich Ho? lderlin in the Context of Wu? rttemberg Pietism (Amsterdam: Rodopi).
Hegel, G. W. F. 1796. Knox, Early Theological Writings.
--. 1801. The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's System of
Philosophy. Trans. by Cerf and H. S. Harris. Albany: State University
of New York Press. 1977.
--. 1802a. "The Critical Journal, Introduction: On the Essence of
Philosophical Criticism Generally, and its Relationship to the Present State of Philosophy" in Between Kant and Hegel. Trans. By H. S. Harris. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985.
--. 1802b. Faith and Knowledge. Trans. by Cerf and H. S. Harris. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977. "Glauben und Wissen oder Reflexionsphilosophie der Subjektivita? t in der Vollsta? ndigkeit ihrer Formen als Kantische,, Jacobische und Fichtesche Philosophie," Werke in zwanzig Ba? nden, II, pp. 287-433.
--. 1802c. "How the Ordinary Human Understanding takes Philosophy (as displayed in the works of Mr. Krug)" in Between Kant and Hegel. Trans. By H. S. Harris. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985.
--. 1807/B. Phenomenology of Mind. Trans. by J. B. Baillie. London: Allen and Unwin; New York: Harper and Row, 1967.
--. 1807/M. Phenomenology of Spirit. Trans. by A. V. Miller. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.
--. 1821-1822. Hinrichs and Schleiermacher: On Feeling and Reason in Religion in The Texts of the 1821-22 Debate. Trans. by Eric von der Luft. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.
142 Bibliography
--. 1827. Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion. Trans. by Hodgson. Oxford University Press, 2006.
--. 1830. Hegel's Logic: Being Part One of the Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences. Trans. by Wallace. Oxford University Press, 1975.
Heidegger, Martin. 1952. Was heisst Denken? Stuttgart: Reclam, 1992. Henrich, Dieter. 1971. Hegel im Kontext, Frankfurt: Surkamp Verlag. Herder, Johann. 1940. God, Some Conversations (Bobbs-Merrill: Library
of the Liberal Arts).
Hodgson, Peter C. 2005. Hegel and Christian Theology. Oxford
University Press.
Hoover, Jeffrey. 1988. "The Origin of the Conflict between Hegel and
Schleiermacher at Berlin. " The Owl of Minerva.
Ho? lderlin. 2008. Hyperion, translated by Ross Benjamin. Archipelago
Press.
Hope, Nicholas. 1999. German and Scandinavian Protestantism 1700 to
1918. Oxford: Clarendon Press (Oxford History of the Christian
Church).
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich. 1799. "Open Letter to Fichte. " Trans. by Diana
I. Behler. German Library: Philosophy of German Idealism. New
York: Continuum, 1987.
--. 1803. "On Faith and Knowledge in Response to Schelling and Hegel"
in an appendix to Friedrich Koeppen's Schelling Lehre oder das Ganze der Philosophie des Absoluten Nichts, Nebst drei Briefen verwandten Inhalts von Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi. Hamburg. Trans. by D. I. Behler) in Philosophy of German Idealism, 142-160. New York: Continuum, 1987.
--. 1812-1825. Werke, 6 vols. Leipzig: Fleischer, 1812-25; reprinted Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
Jaeschke, Walter. 1988. Religion in Reason: The Foundation of Hegel's Philosophy of Religion, translated by Michael Steward and Peter Hodgson (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press).
--. 1993. Der Streit um die Gestalt einer Ersten Philosophie (1799-1807). Hamburg: Meiner.
--. 2004. "Das Nictige in seiner ganzen La? nge und Breite - Hegels Kritik der Reflexionsphilosophy," Hegel-Jahrbuch,
Jensen, Kipton E. 2001. "Making Room for Reason: Hegel, Kant, and the Corpse of Faith and Knowledge. " Philosophy & Theology Summer: 359-376.
Hegel: Hovering Over the Corpse of Faith and Reason 143
--. 2001. "The Principle of Protestantism: On Hegel's (Mis-) Reading of Schleiermacher's Speeches," in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 405 - 422.
--. 2009. "The Theological Foundations of Hegel's Phenomenology" in Heythrop Journal of Philosophy and Religion, Volume 50, Issue 2 , pp. 181 - 360.
Kainz, Howard P. 1996. G. W. F. Hegel: The Philosophical System. Athens: Ohio University Press.
Kant, Immanuel. 1781. Kritic der reinen Vernunft (2nd ed. 1787). AK III, IV, 1-252. Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Norman Kemp Smith (New York: St Martin's Press, 1965).
--. 1785. Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. AK IV, 385-464.
--. 1786. "Was heit Denken orientieren? " AK VIII, 131-48.
--. 1788. Kritik der Praktishe Vernunft. AK V, 1-164.
--. 1790. Kritik der Urteilskraft. AK V. Critique of the Power of
Judgement, P. Guyer and E. Matthews (trs. ). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2000.
Kolb, David.
