No More Learning

c. 36. When Antonius hastened forward to Valens, and must have been alive at least as late
besiege Phraata, he left Oppius with two legions as A. D. 384, if the passage (ii. 3) be genuine in
and the baggage to follow him ; but Oppius was which mention is made of pope Siricius, who in
surprised by the enemy, and he and all his men that year succeeded Damasus in the Roman see.
were cut to pieces. (Dion Cass. xlix. 25, 44; Of his personal history we know nothing except that
Plut. Ant. 38. )
he was by birth a gentile, and that he is classed by
18. OPPIUS SABINUS, a man of consular rank, St. Augustine with Cyprian, Lactantius, Victorinus,
was sent against the Dacians in the reign of Domi- and Hilarius, as one who came forth from Egypt
tian, and perished in the expedition. (Eutrop. vii. (i. e. from the bondage of paganism) laden with
23 ; Suet. Dom. 6. ) The name, however, does the treasures of learning and eloquence.
not occur in any of the consular fasti, whence He published a controversial treatise, still ex-
some have proposed to read Appius, instead of Op- tant, entitled De Schismate Donatistarum adversus
pius in Eutropius and Suetonius.
Parmenianum, comprised, as we gather from the
19. Q. Oppius, known only from the annexed introduction and are expressly told by Jerome, in
coin, cannot be identified with certainty with any six books. Upon this testimony, which is fully
of the persons previously mentioned. The pr. after confirmed by internal evidence, the seventh book
the name of a. oppivs may signify either praetor or now found in our copies has been deservedly pro-
praefectus. The obverse represents the head of nounced spurious by the best judges, although
Venus, and the reverse Victory: the coin was some scholars still maintain that it ought to be re-



## p. 40 (#56) ##############################################

4n
OPTATUS.
ORBIANA.
garded as an appendix added by the author him- | Paris, fol. 1700, reprinted at Amsterdam, fol. 1701,
self upon a revision of his work. It is certainly and at Antwerp, fol. 1702, the last being in point
not a modern forgery, and was very probably com- of arrangement the best of the three, which are
posed, as Dupin suggests, by some African, as a very far superior to all others. That of Meric
supplement, not long after the publication of the Casaubon (8vo. Lond. 1631) is of no particular
original.
value, that of L'Aubespine, bishop of Orleans (íol.
Optatus addresses his production to Parmenia- Par. 1631) is altogether worthless. Galland, in
nus, the Donatist bishop of Carthage, in reply to his Bibliotheca Parrum, vol. v. p. 462 (fol. Venet.
an attack made by that prelate upon the Catholics, 1769), has followed the text of Dupin, selected the
and explains at the outset the method he intends most important of his critical notes, adopted his
to pursue in refuting his opponent. The object of distribution of the “ Monumenta Vetera ad Dona-
the first book is, to nscertain what class of persons tistarum Historiam pertinentia," and brought toge-
may justly be branded as traditors and schismatics, ther much useful matter in his Prolegomena, cap.
the former being the term uniformly applied by the xviii. p. xxix. (Hieronym. de Viris III. 110;
Donatists to their antagonists; of the second, to Honor. i. 3 ; Trithem. 76 ; Augustin. de Doctrin.
ascertain what the Church is, and where it is to Christ. ii. 40 ; Lardner, Credibility of Gospel His-
be found ; of the third, to prove that some acts of tory, c. cv. ; Funccius, de L. L. veget. Senect. c. I.
violence and cruelty on the part of the soldiery had $ 56-63 ; Schönemann, Bild, Patr. Lat. vol. i.
not been committed by the orders or with the ap- $ 16; Bahr, Geschichte der Röm. Litt, suppl. band.
probation of the Catholics ; of the fourth, to point 2te Abtheil. § 65. )
(W. R. ]
out who is really to be accounted the Sinner, whose OPUS ('OTrous). 1. A son of Zeus and Pro
sacrifice God rejects, from whose unction we must togeneia, the daughter of Deucalion, was king of
flee ; of the fifth, to inquire into the nature of the Epeians, and father of Cambyse or Protogeneia
baptism ; of the sixth, to expose the errors and (Pind. Ol. ix. 85, &c. with the Schol. )
projects of the Donatists. This performance was 2. A son of Locrus or Zeus by Cambyse, and a
long held in such high estimation on account of the grandson of No. 1. (Pind. O1. 7. c. ; Eustath. ad
learning, acuteness, and orthodoxy displayed, not Hom. p. 277. ) From him a portion of the Locri
only in reference to the particular points under derived their name Opuntii.
(L. S. ]
discussion, but upon many general questions of ORATA or AURATA, C. SE’RGIUS, was
doctrine and discipline, that the author was es- a contemporary of L. Crassus the orator, and lived
teemed worthy of the honours of canonization, his a short time before the Marsic war. He was dis-
festival being celebrated on the fourth of June. tinguished for his great wealth, his love of luxury
Even now the book must be regarded as a valuable and refinement, and possessed withal an un-
contribution to the ecclesiastical history of the blemished character. In a fragment of Cicero,
fourth century, and constitutes our principal source preserved by Augustin, Orata is described as a
of information with regard to the origin and pro- man ditissimus, amoenissimus, deliciosissimus ;"
gress of the heresy which distracted Africa for and it is related of him, that he was the first per-
three hundred years. [Donatus. ] The language son who invented the pensiles balneae, that is, baths
is tolerably pure, and the style is for the most part with the hypocausta under them (Dict. of Ant.
lofty and energetic, but not unfrequently becomes s. 0. Balneum), and also the first who formed
turgid and harsh, while it is uniformly destitute of artificial orster-beds at Baiae, from wbich he ob-
all grace or polish. The allegorical interpretations tained a large revenue. He is further said to have
of Scripture constantly introduced are singularly been the first person who asserted and established
fantastic, and the sentiments expressed with regard the superiority of the shell-fish from the Lucrine
to free-wiſ would in modern times be pronounced lake, although under the empire they were less
decidedly Arminian. Optatus refers in the course esteemed than those from Britain. His surname
of his arguments (i. 14) to certain state papers and Orata or Aurata was given to him, according to
other public documents, which he had subjoined in some authorities, because he was very fond of gold-
support of the statements contained in the body of fish (auratae pisces ), according to others, because
the work. These have disappeared, but in the he was in the babit of wearing two very large gold
best editions we find a copious and important col rings. (Augustin. de Beata Vita, c. 26, p. 308, ed.
lection of " pièces justificatives,” collected from Bened. ; Cic. de Off. ii. 16, de Fin. ii. 22, de Orat.
various sources, which throw much curious light i. 39 ; Val. Vax. ix. 1. § 1; Plin. H. N. ix. 54.
not only upon the struggles of the Donatists, but s. 79 ; Varr. R. R. ii. 3. $ 10; Colum. viii. 16.
upon tne practice of ancient courts and the forms $5; Macrob. Saturn. ii. 11 ; Festus, . V. Orata. )
of ancient diplomacy.
ORBIANA, SALLU'STIA BA'RBIA, one
Of the epistles and other pieces noticed by Tri- of the three wives of Alexander Severus. Her
themius no trace remains.
name is known to us from coins and inscriptions
The Editio Princeps of the six books of Optatus only, on which she appears with the title of
was printed by F. Behem (apud S. Victorein prope Augusta. (Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 285. ) (W. R. )
Moguntiam), fol. 1549, under the inspection of
Joannes Cochlaeus, from a MS. belonging to the
Hospital of St. Nicolas near Trèves. The text
which here appears under a very corrupt and muti-
lated form was corrected in a multitude of passages
by Balduinus, first from a single new MS. (Paris,
8vo. 1653, with the seventh book added in small
type), and afterwards from two additional codices
(Paris, 8vo. 1659). The second of these impres-
sions remained the standard until the appearance
of the elaborate edition by Dupin, printed at
ان کے لیے
SL R1220
CONCO
13
COIN OF ORBIANA.


## p. 41 (#57) ##############################################

ORBILIUS.
ORESTES.
ORBI'CIUS ('Opinios). In the Etymologicon evidently corrupt. Oudendorp proposed to read
Nlagnum (s. o. Etpatós) there is a short account of Paedagogus, and Ernesti Periautologos. (Suet. do
the names given to the various suldivisions of an Ilustr. Gramm. 9, 19; comp. 4. )
army, and to their respective commanders. It is O’RBIUS, P. , & Roman jurist, and a contem-
entitled 'Opfikiou Tv tepl to otpátevua rátewr, porary of Cicero. (Brut. 48. )
[G. L.
)
Orbicii de Exercitus Ordinibus, and occupies about ORBO'NA, a female Roman divinity, to whom
balf or two-thirds of a column in the earlier folio an altar was erected at Rome, near the temple of
editions of the Etymologicom Venice, 1499 and the Lares in the Via Sacra. She was invoked by
1549, and that of Fred. Sylburg, 1594. It is parents who had been deprived of their children,
extracted and given among the pieces at the end of and desired to have others, and also in dangerous
the Dictionarium Graecum of Aldus and Asulanus, maladies of children. (Cic. de Nat. Deor. ïïi. 25;
ſul. Venice, 1524, and at the end of the Dictionarium Plin. H. N. ii. 7; Arnob. adt. Gent. iv. 7; Tertull.
Graecum of Sessa and De Ravanis, fol. Venice, ii. 14; P. Vict. Reg. Urb. a. )
(L. S. )
1525. of Orbicius nothing is known except that ORCHOʻMENUS ('Opxóuevos). 1. A son of
he wrote (unless we suppose the passage to be in- Lycaon, and the reputed founder of the Arcadian
terpolated) before the compilation of the Etymolo towns of Orchomenus and Methydrium. (Apollod.
yicon, which cannot be placed later than the twelfth iii. 8. $ 1; Paus. viii. 3. & 1. )
century, when it is cited by Eustathius, the com- 2. A son of Athamas and Themisto. (Hygin.
mentator on Homer.
(J. C. M. ] Fub. 1; comp. ATHAMAS. )
ORBI’LIUS PUPILLUS, a Roman gramma- 3. A son of Zeus or Eteocles and Hesione, the
rian and schoolmaster, best known to us from his daughter of Danaus, was the husband of Her-
having been the teacher of Horace, who gives him mippe, the daughter of Boeotus, by whom he be-
the epithet of plagosus from the severe floggings came the father of Minyas. He is called a king of
which his pupils received when they were poring Orchomenus. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 230;
over the crabbed verses of Livius Andronicus. Eustath. ad Hom. p. 272. ) According to other
(Hor. Ep. ii. 1. 71. ) Orbilius was a native of traditions, he was a son (or a brother) of Minyas
Beneventum, and had from his earliest years paid (Paus. ix. 36. § 4) by Phanosura, the daughter of
considerable attention to the study of literature ; Paeon. (Comp. Müller, Orchom. p. 135, 2d
but in consequence of the death of his parents, who edit. )
[L. S. ]
were both destroyed by their enemies on the same ORCHI'VIUS. (ORCIVIUS. )
day, he was left destitute, and in order to obtain a C. OʻRCHIUS, tribune of the plebs in the third
living, first became an apparitor, or servant of the year after the consulship of Cato, B. c. 181, was
magistrates, and next served as a soldier in Mace- the author of a sumtuaria lex, limiting the number
donia. On returning to his native town he re of guests to be present at entertainments. When
Bumed his literary studies, and after teaching there attempts were afterwards made to repeal this law,
for a long while, he removed to Rome in the fiftieth Cato offered the strongest opposition, and delivered
year of his age, in the consulship of Cicero, B. C. 63. a speech in defence of the law, which is referred
llere he opered a school; but although he obtained to by the grammarians. (Macrob. Saturn. ii. 13 ;
a considerable reputation, his profits were small, Festus, s. v. Obsonitavere, Percunctatum; Schol.
and he was obliged to live in his old age in a sorry Bob. in Cic. pro Sesl. p. 310, ed. Orelli ; Meyer,
garret. His want of success would not contribute Orat. Rom. Fragmenta, p. 91, &c. , 2nd ed.
to the improvement of his temper as he grew older, C. ORCI VIÜS, was a colleague of Cicero in the
and since he must have been upwards of sixty praetorship, B. C. 66, and presided over cases of
when Horace became his pupil, we can easily peculatus. He is called by Q. Cicero “civis ad
imagine that the young poet found him rather a ambitionem gratiosissimus” (Cic. pro Cluent. 34,
crabbed and cross-grained master. His fogging 53 ; Q. Cic. de Pet. Cons. 5. § 19). The name is
propensities were recorded by other poets besides also written Orchivius and Orcinnius, but Orcirius
Horace, as for instance in the following line of Do seems to be the correct reading. (See Orelli, Onom.
Dritius Marsus:-
Tullian. 8. v. )
“ Si quos Orbilius ferula scuticaque cecidit. ”
ORCUS. [Hades. )
OREADES. (NYMPHAE. ]
But Orbilius did not, like some schoolmasters, OREITHYIA ('Opelquia). 1. One of the
vent all his ill temper upon his pupils, and exhibit Nereides. (Hom. Il. xviii. 48. )
a bland deportinent to the rest of the world. He 2. A daughter of Erechtheus and Praxithea.
attacked his rival grammarians in the bitterest Once as she had strayed beyond the river Ilissus
terms, and did not spare the most distinguished she was carried off by Boreas, by whom she be-
men in the state, of which an instance is given by came the mother of Cleopatra, Chione, Zetes, and
Suetonius and Macrobius (ii. 6), though they differ Calais. (Apollod. iii. 15. § 1, &c. ; Apollon. Rhod.
in the name of the Roman noble whom he made i. 215; coinp. Plat. Phaedr. p. 194, ed. Heind. ;
game of, the former calling him Varro Murena, and Schol. ad Odyss. xiv. 533. )
(L. S. )
the latter Galba Orbilius lived nearly a hundred ORESAS, a Pythagorean. A fragment of bis
years, but had lost his memory long before his writings is preserved in Stobaeus, Eclog. p. 105.
death. As he was fifty in B. c. 63, he must have (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 860. )
p
(C. P. M. ]
been born in B. c. 113, and have died shortly before ORESTES ('Opéotns), the only son of Agai-
B. c. 13. A statue was erected to him at Bene memnon and Clytaemnestra, and brother of Chriso-
ventum in the Capitol. He left a son Orbilius, themis, Laodice (Electra), and Iphianassa (lphi-
who followed the profession of his father ; and a geneia ; Hom. Il. ix. 142, &c. , 284 ; comp. Soph.
slave and pupil of his, of the name of Scribonius, Elect. 154 ; Eurip. Or. 23). According to ihe
also attained some celebrity as a grammarian. Or- | Homeric account, Agamemnon on his return from
bilius was the author of a work cited by Suetonius Troy did not see his son, but was murdered by
under the title of Periuloyus, but the name is Acgisthus and Clytiemnestra before he had an
a


## p. 42 (#58) ##############################################

42
ORESTES.
ORESTES.
come
to
opportunity of seeing him. (Od. xi. 542. ) In the | According to another modification of the legend,
eighth year after his father's murder Orestes came Orestes consulted A pollo, how he could be delivered
from Athens to Mycenae and slew the murderer of from his madness and incessant wandering. The
his father, and at the same time solemnised the god advised him to go to Tauris in Scythia, and
burial of Aegisthus and of his mother, and for the thence to fetch the image of Artemis, which was
revenge he had taken he gained great fame among (Eurip.