No More Learning

C. 809_770. (Pausan. iii. 7. § 4.
(XXXV. 26), as the wife of Craterus (i. e. probably See Clinton, Fasti Hell. vols. i. and ii. ) Some of
the brother of Antigonus Gonatas of that name), of bis sayings are preserved by Plutarch (Lacon.
whom nothing more is known. (E. H. B. ] Apophthegm. vol. ij. p. 155, ed. Tauchn. )
NICAEARCHUS, & painter, whose age and 2. A piratical captain (archipirata) in the em-
country are unknown, painted Venus among the ployment of Polyxenidas, the commander of the
Graces and Cupids, and Hercules sad in repent- feet of Antiochus, against Pausistratus, the Rho
ance for his madness. (Plin. xxxv. 11. s. 40. & dian admiral, B. c. 190. (Liv. xxxvii. 11. )
36. )
[P. S. ) 3. An Aetolian, who, when his countrymen
NICAEAS, bishop of Aquileia, about the middle were endeavouring to organize a coalition against
of the fifth century, is spoken of under NICETAS, the Romans, was sent as ambassador to Philip V. ,
king of Macedonia, B. C. 193, to urge him to join
NICAE'NETUS (Nikalvetos), an epigrammatic the league, but without effect. (Liv. xxxv. 12. )
poet, was, according to the conjecture of Jacobs Two years later, B. c. 191, he was sent, together
(Anthol. Graec, vol. xii. p. 921), a native of Ab- with Thoas, to beg the assistance of Antiochus the
dera, but had settled in Samos. Athenaeus (xiii. Great, king of Syria By extraordinary diligence
å
p. 1185.
4F 3


## p. 1174 (#1190) ##########################################

1174
NICANDER.
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4. 'Er
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third
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verse,
(pp. 2
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“The
he accomplished his task, and returned from merous absurd fables, which do not require to be
Ephesus to Phalara, on the Maliac Gulf, within particularly specified here. Haller callo it " longa,
twelve days. After falling into the hands of incondita, et nullius fidei farrago" (Biblioth. Bolan. ).
Philip, by whom he was treated with unexpected His other poem, called 'Anetipápuasa, consists of .
kindness, he reached Hypata just at the moment more than six hundred lines, written in the same
when the Aetolians were deliberating about peace, metre, is dedicated to a person named Protagoras,
and by bringing some money from Antiochus, and and treats cf poisons and their antidotes : of this
the promise of further aid, he succeeded in per- work also Haller remarks,"descriptio vix ulla,
suading them to refuse the terms proposed by the symptomata fuse recensentur, et magna farrago et
Romans. (Liv. xxxvi. 29 ; Polyb. xx. 10, 11. ) incondita plantarum potissimum alexipharmacarum
In B. c. 190 he was appointed praetor (or Etpa- subjicitur. ” A full analysis of the medical portions
qoyós) of the Aetolians (Clinton, Fusti Hell. ), of both these works may be found in Mr. Adams's
and endeavoured in vain to force the consul, M. Commentary on the fifth book of Paulus Aegineta.
Fulvius Nobilior, to raise the siege of Anibracia Among the ancients his authority in all matters re-
(Liv. xxxviii. 1, 4–6; Polyb. xxii. 8, 10), uſter lating to toxicology seems to have been considered
which he was sent as ambassador to Rome, with high. His works are frequently quoted by Pliny
Phaeneas, to settle the terms of peace. (Polyb. (H. N. xx. 13, 96, xxii. 15, 32, xxvi. 66, xxx. 25,
xxii, 13. ) We hear no more of him, but that, as xxxii. 22, xxxvi. 25, xxxvii. 11, 28), Galen (de
he was ever afterwards favourably inclined towards Hippocr. et Plat. Decr. ii. 8, vol. v. p. 275, de Locis
the royal family of Macedonin, because of Philip's Affect. ii. 5, vol. viii. p. 133, de Simpl. Medicum.
kindness to him, he fell under the displeasure of Temper. ac Facult. ix. 2. & 10, X. 2. § 16, vol. xii.
the Romans on that account during their war with pp. 204, 289, de Ther, ad Pis. cc. 9, 13, vol. xiv.
Perseus, B. c. 171–168, and that he was sum- pp. 239, 265, Comment, in Hippocr. “ De Artic. "
moned to Rome, and died there. (Polyb. xx. 11, . 38, vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 537), Athenaeus (pp.
xxvii. 13, xxviii. 4, 6. )
66, 312, 366, 649, &c. ), and other ancient wri-
4. One of the ambassadors from Rhodes to ters ; and Dioscorides, Aëtius, and other medical
Rome, with Agesilochus and Nicagoras, probably authors have made frequent use of his works.
B. C. 169. (Polyb. xxviii. 2, 14. ) [W. A. G. ) Plutarch, Diphilus and others wrote commentaries on
NICANDER (Niravapos), literary. 1. The his “Theriaca” (DIPHILUS), Marianus paraphrased
author of two Greek poems that are still extant, and it in iambic verse (MARIANUS), and Eutecuius
of several others that have been lost. His father's wrote a paraphrase in prose of his two principal
name was Damnaeus (Eudoc. Viol. ap. Villoison's poems, which is still extant. On the subject of his
Anecd. Gr. vol. i. p. 308, and an anonymous Greek life poetical merits the ancient writers were not well
of Nicander), though Suidas (probably by some over agreed ; for though (as we have seen) a writer in
sight) calls him Xenophanes (s. v. Níxavopos), and the Greek Anthology compliments Colophon for
he was one of the hereditary priests of Apollo Clarius being the birth-place of Homer and Nicander, and
(CLARIUS), to which dignity Nicander himself Cicero praises (de Orat. i. 16) the poetical manner
succeeded (comp. Nicand. Alexiph. v. 11). He was in which in his “ Georgics" he treated a subject of
born at the small town of Claros, near Colophon in which he was wholly ignorant, Plutarch on the
Ionia as he intimates himself (Ther. in fine), other hand (de Aut. Poët. c. 2, vol. i. p. 36, ed.
whence he is frequently called Colophonius (Cic. Tauchn. ) says that the “ Theriaca," like the poems
de Orat. i. 16 ; Suid. &c. ), and there is a Greek of Empedocles, Parmenides, and Theognis, have
epigram (Anthol. Gr. ix. 213) complimenting Colo- nothing in them of poetry but the metre. Modern
phon on being the birth-place of Homer and critics have differed equally on this point; but
Nicander. He was said by some ancient authors practically the judgment of posterity has been pro
to have been born in Aetolia, but this probably nounced with sufficient clearness, and his works
arose from his having passed some time in that are now scarcely ever read as poems, but merely con-
country, and written a work on its natural and sulted by those who are interested in points of zoolo-
political history. He has been supposed to have been gical and medical antiquities :-how opposite a fate
a contemporary of Aratus and Callimachus in the to that which has befallen Virgil's Georgics ! In re-
third century B.
Cu, but it is more probable that he ference to his style and language Bentley calls him,
lived nearly a century later, in the reign of Ptolemy with great truth, “antiquarium, obsoleta et casca
V. (or Epiphanes), who died B. c. 181, and that verba studiose venantem, et vel sui saeculi lectoribus
the Attalus to whom he dedicated one of his lost difficilem et obscurum. ” (Cambridge Museum Cri-
poems was the last king of Pergamus of that name, ticum, vol. i. p. 371. )
who began to reign B. C. 138 (Anon. Gr. Life of The following are the titles of Nicander's lost
Nicander, and Anon. Gr. Life of Aratus). If works, as collected by Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. vol. iv.
these two dates are correct, Nicander may be sup- p. 348, Harles): 1. Airwniká, a prose work, con-
posed to have been in reputation for about fifty sisting of at least three books ; quoted by Athe-
years cir. B. c. 185—135 (see Clinton's Fasti Hell.
naeus (pp. 296, 477), Macrobius (Saturn. 5. 21),
vol. iii. ). He was a physician and grammarian, Harpocration (Lex. s. v. Ootiov), and other
as well as a poet, and his writings seem to have writers. * 2. Cewprixá, a poem in hexameter verse,
been rather numerous and on various subjects. consisting of at least two books, of which some
The longest of his poems that remains is name long fragments remain ; mentioned by Cicero (de
Onpiaká, and consists of nearly a thousand hex Oral i. 16), Suidas, and others, and frequently
ameter lines. It is dedicated to a person named quoted by Athenaeus, (pp. 52, 133, 371, &c. ).
Hermesianax, who must not be confounded with
the poet of that name. It treats (as the name im- Fabricius and Schweighaeuser (Athen. p. 329,
plies) of venomous animals and the wounds in and“ Ind. Auctor. ") reckon among Nicander's
ficted by them, and contains some curious and works a poem called BowtiakÓS, but this is wrong.
interesting zoological passages, together with nu- | See Dindorf's Athen. l. c. and“ Ind. Scriptor. "
Ποιητ
tried
(Cran
Προ,
amete
tenth
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Ni
toget!
first
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separ
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Ja.
Tbe
parar
peare
The
hitbe
lished
and
a La
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ment
is tha
and
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Athe


## p. 1175 (#1191) ##########################################

NICANDER:
1175
NICANOR.
1
$
le
3. racodau, a work in at least three books ; | served in the British Museum. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr.
quoted by Athenaeus (p. 288) and other writers. vol. iv. p. 345, &c. ed. Harles ; Haller, Bibliotho
4. 'Etepoloúpera, a poem in hexameter verse, in Botan, and Biblioth. Medic. Praci. ; Sprengel, Hist.
five books, mentioned by Suidas, and quoted by de la Méd. ; Choulant, Handb. der Bücherkundo
Athenaeus (pp. 82, 305), Antoninus Liberalis für die Aeltere Medicin. )
(Metamorph. cc. 12, 35), and other writers. It 2. A Peripatetic philosopher of Alexandria,
was perhaps in reference to this work that Didy- who wrote a work riepl Twv 'Apiototénous Ma.
mus applied to Nicander the epithet“ fabulosus” ontwr. (Suid. s. v. Aloxplw. )
(Macrob. Saturn. v. 22. ). 5. Eupwnia, or Tepl 3. A native of Chalcedon, who wrote a work
Eupówns, in at least five books, quoted by relating to Prusias, king of Bithynin, entitled
Athenaeus (p. 296), Stephanus Byzantinus (s. o. nipovolov Evuttuata, of which the fourth book
"Alws), and others. 6. 'Hulaubon mentioned is quoted by Athenaeus (xi. p. 496).
by the scholiast on the Theriuca. 7. Onlačká, 4. The son of Euthydemus, introduced by Plu-
in at least three books, mentioned by the scholiast tarch in bis dialogue, De Solert. Animal. & 8. (vol. v.
on the Theriaca, and probably alluded to by Plu- p. 444, ed. Tauchn. ), and in his Symposiaca, is,
tarch (de Herod. Malign. c. 33, vol. v. p. 210, ed. perhaps, the person to whom he addressed his
Tauchn. ). 8. 'Ido ewr Euvaywri, mentioned by treatise, De recta Rat. Aud. vol. i. p. 86. He
Suidas. 9. Konopwviaxá, of which work the same lived in the first century after Christ.
passage is quoted both by Athenaeus (p. 569) and 5. A foolish sophist, mentioned by Philo-
Harpocration (Lex. s. 0. Návonuos 'Appodinn), stratus, who lived in the second century after
though the former writer says it came from the Christ. (Damian. p. 601, ed. Paris, 1608. )
third book, and the latter from the sixth, 10. Me- 6. A grammarian of Thyatira, who is supposed
Aircoupyıká (Athen. p. 68). , 11. Núuploi (Schol. by Fabricius to have been the same person as
Nicand. Ther. ). 12. Oitaiké, a poem in hexameter Nicander of Colophon, on account of an expression
verse, in at least two books, quoted by Athenaeus used by Stephanus Byzantinus (De Urb. 8. o.
(pp. 282, 329,411). 13. 'Opiakov (Schol. Nicand. Ováteipa); it is, however, more probable that
Tluer. ; comp. Suid. 8. v. Náudinos). 14. The Stephanus confounded together two different indi-
sixth book TlepetteTELWV (Athen. p. 606). " 15. viduals. He wrote a work, Mepl Tŵr Anuar
IIepi Nointi (Parthen. Erot. c. 4), perhaps the (Harpocrat. Lex. s. v. Qupywvídas, Totakidai),
same work as that quoted by the scholiast on the and another called by Athenaeus (IV. p. 678),
« Theriaca,” with the title Περί των εν Κολοφώνι Αττική Ονόματα, which is probably the same as
Moint@v; and probably the work in which Nicander that quoted by Harpocration, under the title
tried to prove that Ηomer was a native of Colophon 'Αττική Διάλεκτος (ε. ο. Μέδιμνος, Βωλεωνες,
(Cramer's Anecd. Gr. Paris. iii. p. 98). 16. The Tplatñpa), and which consisted of at least eighteen
Mpowvwotiká of Hippocrates paraphrased in bex- books. (Harpocr. 8. v. &mpahoidev. ).