No More Learning

Niall Oge O’Neill, king of Tyrone, and the sons
of Henry O'Neill, marched a great force to Eas
of Thomas, in a boat on the lake, out of which he leaped unperceived, and was drowned.
A. D. 1398.
Thomas, the son of Maurice Mac Donogh, O'Ferrall, worthy heir the lordship An
bishop of Achonry, died. naly, the most distinguished person his age for A great conflict arose between Niall Oge hospitality, nobleness, valour, and achievements,
O'Neill, and Torlogh O’Donnell, who, being the race Fergus, died after had gained the
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1. Eachdruim Mac Naodha, now the parish of Aughrim, si St. Patrick, over which appointed St. Guasacht, first ab
A. D. 1398.
Granard, county Longford, where monastery was founded bot; was refounded 1205, by lord Richard Tuite, for
the Cistercian order, and dedicated the Blessed Wir
tuated near the Shannon, betweenCarrick-on-Shannon and Elphin, in the county of Roscommon.
monks 2. Leath Ratha, now Abbeylaragh, a parish in the barony of gin.
the son Fergal, and many his people; they
made Mulroona Mac Dermott prisoner, and took, booty, their horses, arms, and armour.
Murrogh Bane, son John, the son Donal
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190 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1399.
victory of repentance, a month after Christmas, and fierce battle ensued, in which O'Conor was de
was buried at the monastery of Leathratha,” in the feated, and Sorley Buidhe Mac Donnell and his tomb of his father and ancestors. people were slain.
Maurice, son of Pierce D’Alton, was slain by Thomas, son of Cathal, son of Murrogh O'Ferrall, Murtogh Oge Mac Geoghegan, and by Bryan, lord of Annaly, the chief bond of hospitality and son of O'Conor Faily. noblenessof the Clan Rosa, was slain by the English
Glendalough” was burned by the English. of Meath, and the baron of Delvin (Nugent), in his
Murtogh O'Conor having gone to Tir Hugh own town at Coillin Crubach (in Longford), after (in Donegal), returned to Eas Roe without obtain he had been elected to the lordship over his elder ing much booty on that excursion; he was over kinsman, John O'Ferrall, who, however, was even taken by Hugh O’Duirmin, who attacked and tually appointed to the lordship of Annaly.
put him to flight at Ballyshannon; Hugh's horse Mac Carthy of Carbery Cork), gave O’Sul
was wounded, and he himself was dismounted, and livan complete overthrow, and the two sons afterwards slain. O'Sullivan, Owen and Conor, were slain that
Gerald, earl of Desmond, a man of gaiety and battle, together with many others.
affability, the most distinguished of the English of O’Brien Maol died the epidemic, while with Ireland, and also of many of the Irish, for his at the English.
tainments, and knowledge of the Irish language, of The son Maurice Buidhe O’Moore, lord poetry, history, and of other branches of literature Slieve Mairge, (barony Slieve Mairgue, Queen's which he had acquired, died after he had gained county), entertainer the learned men, and the victory of repentance.
The earl of Kildare was taken prisoner by the Calvach O'Conor, and the cavalry of the territory
of Offaley, and was delivered into the hands of Owen, son Niall Oge O'Neill; and Art Cuile,
Murrogh O'Conor.
Sir John, earl of Desmond," was drowned in the
Suir, shortly after his accession to the earldom.
O'Byrne and O’Toole fought a battle against John O’Donnell, and the men Fermanagh, mus
the English, in which the earl of March, (Morti tered force against O’Donnell, who collected his mer, earl of March), and a vast number of the Eng party oppose them, and both parties remained lish were slain. encamped view each other, but length se
Fionnguala, daughter of Ualgarg More parated without performing any action note. O'Rourke, and wife of John More O’Hara, died.
David O’Duigenan, chief professor in history of
A. D. 1399.
O’Conor Roe and Mac Dermott marched a Conor Mac Cormac, bishop Raphoe, the great force to Moytuire (near Lough Arrow in Hy Donnells Corca Baiscind (in Clare), died. Sligo), to attack the Mac Donoghs of Tirerrill, Cu-uladh Roe, son Niall More, the son where they committed great depredations; the Hugh O’Neill, died the epidemic.
Mac Donoghs, and Murtogh, son of Donal O’Co Brian O’Brien, the son Mahon, lord Tho nor, with all their forces, overtook them, and a mond, died.
Clan Mulroona (the Mac Dermotts, princes of
Moylurg, in Roscommon), a Biatach of unbounded O'Neill (Niall Oge) marched with force against hospitality, and learned in the arts and sciences, the English; and plundered and expelled the died. greater portion them.
3. Gleann-da-Locha, or Glendalough, in the county of Wick
low, one of the most celebrated places in Ireland for its ruins and
remains of numerous churches, round towers, and other antiqui
ties. The nameof Glendalough signifies the glen or valley of the was John, the son Gerald Fitzgerald, who was drowned the two lakes, there being two beautiful lakes situated in the valley, ford Ardfinnan, the river Suir.
the travellers Ireland, died.
Mac William Burke burned Sligo.
Cathal, son Roderick Maguire, was slain
the son Philip Maguire, was slain the people Tullaghaw (county Cavan).
The sons Henry O’Neill, with the sons
surrounded majestic mountains, and abounding sublime and beautiful scenery.
Earl Desmond. —The earl Desmond here mentioned
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REIGN OF HENRY IV. 191 Torlogh, son of Murrogh Na Raithnighe O’Brien, Lough Lein (in Kerry); Gerald O'Byrne, the son
died.
Felim, son of Caheer O'Conor, tanist of Offaley, Mac Sweeny of Fanait Donegal); and Awlave,
died of the epidemic in the house of O’Reilly (of son Philip, son Awlave, the son Tuinn Cavan). charry Mac Guire, chief Muintir Feodachain
The sons of Henry O'Neill having gone to at (in Fermanagh), died.
tack the English of Traghbally (Dundalk), the Hugh Mac Mahon died, after having lost his English collected their forces to oppose them, and eyes’-sight.
defeated them, and Donal the son of Henry was
taken prisoner, and a great many of his people were
slain; Donal was sent to England the year follow
ing, after his release had been refused.
John O'Ferrall, lord of Annaly, a man distin slain by his own people.
guished for his virtue, ingenuity, learning, wisdom, great hospitality, and generosity, died.
Hugh O’Donoghoe, lord of the Eoganacht of
A. D. 1399.
Richard II. , and Art Mac Murrogh. As explained
the course this note, king Richard II. was deposed the 29th September, 1399, and succeeded by Henry, duke Lancaster, Henry IV. 1394Richard II. , having resolved
the conquest Ireland, collected immense army, and landed Waterford, the second October, with fleet two hundred
of Teige, (of Wicklow); Torlogh, son of Mulmurry
Donal, son Giolla Iosa Roe O'Reilly (of Ca van), died.
Murtogh Oge Mac Gennis, the son More, lord Iveagh (in county
Murtogh Down), was
Henry IV. was proclaimed king the 29th September. "
England Baothghalach (Boetius) Mac Egan (of Ormond),
sail; his forces consisted four thousand cavalry, men-at-arms, Richard conferred the honour knighthood on several the
and thirty thousand archers; was attended the earls Gloucester, Nottingham, Rutland, Percy, and many other distin guished noblemen. The men arms, the English army, were cavalry completely cased armour; their bodies and limbs, covered with mail, formed plates steel; their heads defended with iron brazen helmets; they wore their left arms large shields circular oval form, made wood, and covered with thick leather, rim iron surrounding their edges, and some times embossed with knobs brass, and other metals; they had long lances spears; large, double-edged, and pointed swords; together with daggers, &c. ; and their horses were also partly covered with defensive armour. The archers were mostly foot forces, but there were also troops mounted archers, who acted
light cavalry; these archers wore thick quilted jackets, light leathern coats mail; and were also armed with swords and spears. The archers sometimes used the arbalest cross-bow, but mostly the long-bow, and shot their arrows with such force pierce the strongest armour. The English soldiers had great advantage over the Irish, whose arms, armour, and equipments, were very incomplete, while English knight was
armed almost invulnerable, except the strong cast dart, thrust spear, the powerful blow battle-axe,
the latter being the chief weapon the heavy infantry forces the Irish, who were called galloglasses; and their light troops, called kerns, were armed with darts, javelins, spears, swords, slings, and sometimes arrows. The Irish chiefs, unprepared cope with the formidable forces king Richard, appeared inclined
make their submission, and enter into terms peace; and for
that purpose the king deputed Mowbray, earl Nottingham,
earl marshal England, receive their submission and Art Mac Murrogh, king Leinster; Murrogh O'Conor, lord Offaley; Malachy O'Morrogh, Murphy Wexford; Gerald Q'Byrne, Wicklow Daniel O’Nolan Carlow; and Rory Oge O'Moore, Leix, attended the English camp, held
conference, and entered into treaty peace, the plain
Ballygorry, near Carlow. King Richard proceeded Dublin, where remained some months, and went from thence
Drogheda; where the 16th March, 1395, he received,
the Pominican monastery Mary Magdalen, the submission
Irish kings and chiefs with great ceremony, the cathedral of Christ church, on the 25th of March. The celebrated French chronicler, Froissart, attended king Richard's train, and gives
account these affairs, and states, that Henry Castide, gentleman the court, who had lived long amongstthe Irish, and learned their language, acted interpreter. During the visit king Henry II. Ireland, 1171, he, like manner, spent the winter that city, and entertained the Irish princes and chiefs with great magnificence, temporary royal pavilion, con structed wood and wicker work, and erected near St. Andrew's church, Hoggin-green, now College-green. Treating these affairs, and the dainty dishes with which king Henry regaled the Irish princes, Campion, his chronicle says, that all the Irish kings and chiefs yielded submission king Henry, except those Ulster, “finally, there was man name the land, except them Ulster, but they him bowed, and did obeysance, which feasted royally, with dinner crane's flesh, fowl till then, utterly abhorred the Irish. ” King Richard, after remaining nine months Ireland, most which time resided
Dublin, returned England the summer 1305, and left his cousin, Roger Mortimer, earl March, viceroy Ireland,
Mortimer, after several contests with the Irish Leinster, was
Mac Mahon, and other northern chiefs. King Richard, his return Dublin, entertained the provincial kings, O'Neill, O'Con or, O'Brien, and Mac Murrogh, together with many the Irish princes and chiefs, style great splendour; and stated that had all the crown jewels brought Ireland, for the pur pose making magnificent display possible. After many entertainments attended with great pomp and pageantry, king
great battle fought with the O'Byrnes, O'Tooles, and Kenlis, Ossory, now Kells, the county
defeated
other chiefs,
Kilkenny,
English forces, together with Mortimer himself, being slain. Roger Grey was then appointed lord justice; and the same year, Thomas Holland, duke Surrey, and earl Kent, who was half brother
about forty thousand men, composed archers and cavalry, O'Neill, king Tyrone, O'Donnell, O'Reilly, O’Hanlon, men arms. Having spent week Waterford, proceeded
the 20th July, 1398, great number the
king Richard, was appointed lord lieutenant Ireland and arrived Dublin the 7th October, 1399. King Richard, enraged the death his cousin Mortimer, earl March, who was heir presumptive the crown England, collected immense army, and embarked Bristol, with fleet two hun dred sail, invade Ireland, and avenge his death, and landed Waterford, the 1st June, according Borlase and Marle
burgh, attended the dukes Exeter and Gloucester, the earl Salisbury, Henry, lord Lancaster, afterwards king Henry V. ,
and many other nobles and knights. His army amounted
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192 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1400.
a man learned in the laws and in music, and emi Donogh Mac Geoghegan; Donogh Fox, lord of nent for hospitality; and Giolla-na-neev, son of Muintir Taagain and chief of Teffia; and Dermod Conor Mac Egan, chief professor of laws, died. and Bryan, the sons of Catharnach, the son of
Fox, died.
The castle of Dun Iomdhain (Dunamon, on the
river Suck, county of Roscommon), was taken by Hugh O'Mulloy, lord of Fercall (in King's Mac Anabaidh O'Conor, and Hoberd, son of Ed county); Laighneach, son of Fergal Roe, son of mond, son of Hoberd Burke, was slain in it; and
A. D. 1400.
to Kilkenny, where he remained fourteen days ; and thence marched against the Irish, towards Wexford and Wicklow, advancing the standard of St. Edward, which, says sir John
Davies, the Irish held in great veneration. Art Mac Murrogh was posted at the head of the Leinster clans, with a force of three
thousand men; but avoided coming to an open engagement on the plains, and entrenching his forces in the dense woods, they made
force, their darts piercing them through both sides. Our foragers that strayed from their fellows, were often murdered by the Irish, for they were nimble, and swift foot, that, like unto stags,
they run over mountains and valleys, whereby we received great annoyance and damage. Nevertheless the king's army, that was
courageous and hearty, became fearful unto them, Mac Murrogh's uncle, accompanied with divers others, bare-legged and
frequent and sudden attacks on the English, of whom they slew
great numbers, and then rapidly retreated to their woody recesses
and mountain fortresses. Together with the army under king
Richard himself, his cousin, the duke of Albemarle, landed at
Dublin soon after, with a fleet of one hundred sail, and a powerful
additional force, which joined king Richard, but they could not
reduce the Irish chiefs to subjection; and in Froissart's Chronicles,
it is stated, that it was almost impossible to carry on war in Ire
land, in consequence of the impenetrable and extensive forests,
bogs, and lakes; and the Irish soldiers, he says, were remarkably
strong, and so active, that on foot they could overtake an
English horseman at full speed, leap up behind the rider, and pull
him off his horse. King Richard having appointed the duke of
Gloucester to treat with Mac Murrogh, the duke for that purpose,
marched with a guard of two hundred lancers and one thousand
archers, and held an interview with Mac Murrogh, as hereafter
described, which apparently took place on the borders of Wexford
and Carlow, A Gascon knight, who accompanied king Richard's
army, and was an eye witness of their engagements with the
Irish, wrote an account of this expedition in French, which was
translated into English by sir George Carew, earl of Totness,
lord president of Munster in the reign of Elizabeth. This very
curious and interesting narrative is given in Harris's Hibernica,
from which are extracted the following passages: “After six days
stay at Waterford, the king departed from thence, and marched to
Kilkenny, where he remained fourteen days; and, upon St. John
the Baptist's eve, the king departed from Kilkenny, and marched
towards Mac Murrogh, who styled himself king of Ireland, by
right; and who professed to maintain the war, and to defend the
land unto his death, saying, that the conquest thereof was
wrongful. He remained in his house, the woods, guarded with
three thousand stout men, such as it seemed to me, the English
men marvelled to behold. At the entry of the wood, the
king's army was ranged into order, expecting to have been “This news brought much joy into the English camp, and the fought withall; but the Irishmen did not then appear, where king, by advice his council, sent the earl Gloucester, at upon the king commanded the houses in the woods to be burned, tended with guard two hundred lances, and thousand good which was immediately done, and many villages fired. The archers. Among other gentlemen, was onethat went with them
king's standard, wherein he had three leopards, was advanced,
under which, he knighted the duke of Lancaster's son, who was
a fair and puny bachelor; and to honour him the more, he made
at the same time eight or ten other knights, but what their Irish, descended from mountain, mounted upon horse without
names were, I know not, neither was I very curious to understand.
The king, with his army, being lodged at the entrance into the
woods, as aforesaid, commanded two thousand five hundred of the
country people to cut down the wood, that his way might be made
passable, which was then overgrown with trees, and guarded with
the enemy; and besides, so boggy, that in divers places, as the
soldiers marched, they sunk up to the reins in mire, where they
could not overtake the Irish in their retreat. An open pass being
made, the Irish, in our passage through made such cries and
clamours might have been heard good league off, but still
avoiding us, for fear our archers; yet, they assailed often produced little effect. Mac Murrogh departed his men, and the both the van and rere, casting their darts with such might, earl Gloucester king Richard, whom recounted all
unshod, with halters about their necks, humbly submitted them selves the king, falling prostrate his feet, craving mercy, whom the king freely pardoned, conditionally, that he and his companions should receive oath, from that time forward con tinue his true and loyal subjects. This being done, the king sent
Mac Murrogh submit, with halter about his neck, his uncle had done; and would not only grant him the like mercy, but these places would bestow upon him castles, towns, and ample territories. Unto the king's messengers,Mac Murrogh made
other answer, but this: ‘that for all the gold the world, would not submit himself, but would continue war and endamage the king all that might,’ which bold answer pro ceeded from the knowledge had, that the king's army wanted victuals, and that for money there could not supplied, the present necessity whereof was such, that for the space eleven days the soldiers had lived only upon what they could find the country, formerly wasted, which was very little; their horses also were faint and almost starved, well for want food, by standing uncovered the rain and wind, and this famine many
the king's army perished. biscuit one day between five men was thought good allowance, and some five days together had not bit bread; knights, esquires, and gentlemen likewise, felt this misery, and for mine own part wished myself without one penny my purse Paris. this time three ships laden with victuals came from Dublin, and the hungry soldiers, greedy
food, waded into the sea above their reins, come the ships, where disorder, not abiding by the order for disposing the vic
tuals, they rifled the same and spoiled them, and the confusion many blow was given and received amongst themselves. Here upon the next day the king dislodged and marched towards Dub lin the enemy attended with fierce and fearful outcries, and skirmished often with us. ” At this time, Mac Murrogh proposed
parley with king Richard, and the narrative thus proceeds:
see Mac Murrogh, his behaviour, estate, and forces, and what issue the treaty would grow unto. Between two woods, not far from the sea, Mac Murrogh, attended by multitudes the
saddle, which cost him, was reported, four hundred cows; for that country they bartered exchange horses for beasts, and one commodity for another, and not for ready money. His horse was fair, and his descent from the hill he ran as swift any stag, hare, the swiftest beast that have seen. In his right hand he bore great long dart, which he cast from him with much dexterity. At wood side his men staid behind him, and met the earl little ford, He was tall stature, well composed, strong and active, and his countenance fierce and severe. Much speech passed between the earl and him, but the parley
habergeon, coat mail, were sufficient proof resist their the passages between them. The king this report was much
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REIGN OF HENRY IV. 193 the son of Edmond O’Kelly, confined there, was Niall Oge O'Neill marched with great force
liberated.
into Tirconnell, where destroyed much the
Gregory, son of Tanaidhe O'Maolconry, a man crops and corn; the Tirconnelliams came oppose experienced in his professional calling, the worthy him, and battle ensued, which the Tyronians
intended chief professor of Siol Murray (Roscom were defeated, and many them slain; and many mon), was accidentally killed by the cast of a dart horses were taken from them on that occasion.
from the hand of William Garv, at the Tochar (or Giollapatrick, the son Manus Mac Guire, pass) of Dunamon, in a mistake, and one hundred who was called the Giolla Buidhe, died his own and twenty-six cows were given as an eraic (or fine) house from the effects blood-letting.
for his death. John, son Philip, son Giollaisa Roe O'Reilly,
Roderick, son of Art Mac Gennis, lord of Iveagh lord Brefney, the most hospitable and noble in Ulidia, was slain by the sons of Cu-uladh man his name, died sudden his bed
O’Neill, and by Cahwar Mac Gennis, his own brother.
enraged, swearing by St. Edward that he would never depart out of Ireland until he had Mac Murrogh in his hands, living or dead. Immediately upon the earl's return of the answer aforesaid, the king dislodged, and marched the next way to the city of Dublin, which is a good town, the best in that realm, seated upon the sea and rich in merchandise, where we found such plenty of victuals to relieve our army, horse and foot, consisting of thirty thousand or thereabouts, that the prices of the same did not much increase. The king could not forget Mac Murrogh, to prosecute him, and
Tully Mongan. The king
weeks we remained in Dublin, where we lived in joy and delight; but in that time, reason foul weather and contrary winds, we never heard out England, which undoubtedly, my opinion, was presage that God was displeased with the king. ”
harper, arose from the table remonstrate with him, but per ceived that the house was surrounded with armed forces; bran dishing his sword struck terror into the company, none whom dared attack warrior such gigantic vigour. Mac Murrogh cut his way through the armed forces, mounted his steed, and, spite their efforts, escaped with safety. ” Taaffe quotes from one the ancient annalists the following account the death
As stated the above passages, king Richard, after remaining
six weeks Dublin, having heard the duke Lancaster's
rebellion, proceeded Waterford, and set sail for England
oppose his enemies but Lancaster's party having succeeded, Mac Murrogh: “In this year died Art Mac Murrogh O'Cavanagh,
Richard was forced resign the crown, and after his deposition was imprisoned Pomfret castle, where soon after died, being,
one the greatest heroes the world ever saw had the tongues men and angels would never able relate his merits, the
mighty defender his injured kindred—the valiant avenger tyranny and oppression—the sure refuge the weak and dis
tressed—the patron literature and science—the glory chivalry gone—poor Erin weep; when alas! shall his equal
said, starved Art Mac Murrogh,
called O'Cavenagh,
was descendedfrom the ancient kings Leinster, and was himself elected king that province the chiefs and clans, and chosen
their leader, while only the sixteenth year his age. He was man fine person, tall stature, great strength and
death.
celebrated these transactions, was also
the Mac Murroghs took that name;
activity, and most nndaunted valour; thirty years waged incessant war
more than fifty battles, Yarious parts Leinster, and compelled them pay him tribute permitting them reside that province. personal com bats killed many their stoutest knights, often cleaving the skull mailed warrior, through iron helmet, single blow battle-axe. During time leader the Leinster clans,
the O'Cavanaghs, the O'Nolans, O'Ryans, and O'Murphy's
their forces with great slaughter
for period more than the English, and defeated
A. D. 1400.
The king England's son was Thomas, duke
was second time appointed lord deputy; and 1407, James
Wexford and Carlow, the O'Byrnes and Ó'Tooles sh; Fitzpatricks Ossory, the O'Conors O'Moores and O'Dempseys Leix and Kildare,
Wicklow, Offaley, the gained
England's son' arrived Ireland.
already mentioned, over the English forces. Marleburgh's Chronicle that, the reign king Henry V. , May, 1419, while John Talbot, lord
Furnival, was lord deputy, Mac Murrogh, chief captain
his nation, and all the Irish Leinster, was taken prisoner; and Moore's Ireland mentioned that he was sent to the
many victories,
-
English attempted assassinate Art Mac Murrogh, mentioned these Annals the year 1895; and Taaffe's Ireland the fol lowing account given that affair: “He was invited ban
| divided his army into three parts, commanding them to hunt him
in his woods, and promised to give him that could take him, alive
or dead, an hundred marks in gold; but in my opinion it was
impossible to be effected while the leaves were upon the trees;
but after that time, when the trees were bare, then to burn the
woods would be the best means to do service upon him, and not
otherwise. At this time the earl of Rutland, duke of Aumarle and
high constable of England, with an hundred sails of ships of war,
arrived at Dublin, who was more beloved of the king than any of
his blood, and by his advice he was most directed. Of his coming
the king was exceeding glad, and joy appeared in his face when he
saw him, accusing him of his long absence,which the duke humbly
excused to the king's contentment. During the space of six Murrogh, who becoming indignant the disobedience his
stated
tower London; but these writers have mistaken Donogh Mac
Art, for Art himself, the Four Masters, stated that Donogh Mac Murrogh, king Art Cavenagh, was taken prisoner lord Furnival, “which was lamentable loss the Irish. ” The
Murrogh, the son the year 1419, Leinster, the son
quet the English lords, all whom came secretly armed and Mac Murrogh arrived, accompanied only his bard and one attendant. After the feast the minstrel, placed window, delighted the company with his music, but suddenly changed his notes the Rosg Catha, war song, for which was repri manded Mac Murrogh, and ordered play only festive airs; but the bard again resumed his war ode, which surprised Mac
return? ” these Annals the death the year 1417, the sixtieth year
his government over Leinster, and on his memory.
Mac Murrogh placed his age, and the forty-second
elegant eulogium passed
king Henry IV. , who, then the 20th year
Lancaster, his age, was
son
appointed lord lieutenant Ireland for ten years;
Dalkey with strong force the 13th November, 1401, but returned England A. D. 1403, leaving sir Stephen Scroope his deputy Ireland. 1404, James Butler, earl Ormond, was appointed lord justice; and 1405, Gerald Fitzgerald, earl Kildare, succeeded lord deputy; 1406, sir Stephen Scroope
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194 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1401.
Manus, son of Cuchonacht O'Reilly, the intended lord of Muintir Maolmordha (Cavan), died.
Conor, son of Donal, son of Niall Garv, son of Hugh, son of Donal Oge O'Donnell, went on a predatory excursion across the mountain eastward in Tirconnell, and he and Owen Roe Mac Sweeny fell by each other’s hands.
The sons of Flaherty O’Rourke being expelled from Brefney, went into Tirconnell, from whence they brought with them a party of the Tirconnel lians into Brefney, where they committed great
Butler the younger, earl of Ormond, was lord justice. In 1408,
on the second of August, Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, came again
to Ireland as lord lieutenant, and landed with a large force at Car lingford. In the same year, according toTaaffe and others, a great battle was fought on the plaims of Kilmainham, near Dublin, by the Irish under Art Mac Murrogh O'Cavenach, against the English forces commanded by the duke of Lancaster, in which the English were defeated with great slaughter, particularly at a ford on the Liffey, which was so heaped with dead bodies, that the river was reddened with the blood of the slain, and hence designated Ath cro, or the bloody ford; and the bridge erected there afterwards was known by the name of Bloody Bridge, in modern times Bar rack Bridge. In this battle the duke of Lancaster was severely wounded, and narrowly escaped with his life; he soon after re tired to England, leaving Thomas Butler, prior of Kilmainham,
son of the duke of Ormond, as lord deputy.
A. D. 1401.
1. The two Mac Williams here mentioned were styled Mac William Eighter and Mac William Oughter, two great branches of the Burkes of Connaught, the oneancestorsof the Burkes, earls of Clanrickard, the other of the Burkes, earls of Mayo, of whom ac counts have been given in the notes on North and South Con naught.
Ormond and Desies. In this article will be given the history and topography of the territories comprised in the present counties of Tipperary and Waterford, together with their chiefs and clans,
and the possessionsof each in ancient and moderntimes, collected from the topographies of O'Heerin, O'Brien, and O'Halloran, O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Keating, Ware, Giraldus Cambrensis, Cam den, O'Conor's Rerum Hib. Scrip. , Lanigan's Ecclesistical History, the Annals of the Four Masters and of Inisfallen, Lodge's and other Peerages, Mac Geoghegan's Ireland, Smith's History of Waterford, the Map of Ortelius, Surveys, and various other works.
Ormond, in Irish Oir Mumhan, Oir Mumha, or Urmhumha,
signifying East Munster, was one of the large divisions of ancient Munster, as explained in the note on Thomond, and the Kingdom of Munster, at A. D. 1364. Ancient Ormond extended from Gabh ran, now Gowran, in the county of Kilkenny, and westward to Cnamhchoill, or Cleathchoill, near the town of Tipperary, and from Bearman Eile, now Barnamelly, a parish in the county of Tippe rary, in which is situated the Devil's Bit Mountain, and from thence southward to Oilean-ui-Bhric, or O'Bric's Island, near Bonmahon, on the coast of Waterford, thus comprising the greater part of Tipperary, with parts of the counties of Kilkenny and Wa terford. The name of Ormond is still retained in the two baronies of Ormond, in Tipperary.
Desies, in Irish Deise, was an ancient territory comprising the greater part of Waterford, with a part of Tipperary, and got name from the tribe the Deisigh, called also Desii. These Desii, Desians, were descended from Fiacha Suidhe, son Feilimidh Reachtmar, who was monarch Ireland the second century. This Fiacha Suidhe was brother the celebrated Con
the Hundred Battles, monarch Ireland; hence the Desians,
plunder on O’Rourke, which they carried off into Tirconnell.
A. D. 140l.
Malachy O'Kelly, lord of Hy Maine, a man of great hospitality and humanity, and Thomas, son of sir Edmond Burke, that is Edmond Albanach, the son of William, lord of the English of Con naught, died, after having gained the victory of re pentance; two Mac Williams' were appointed after
his descendants, were branch the Heremonians; they pos
sessed Meath large territory, called from them Deise, Deise Teamrach, that Deise Tara, being situated near Tara, and the
name this ancient territory still retained
the two baronies Cormac, monarch Deise Meath,
Deece, Ireland
grandson
the county Meath. the reign the third century, Aongus, prince
Fiacha Suidhe, resenting the exclusion his own
branch from the monarchy, waged rebellion against king Cormac,
and with body forces broke into the palace Tara, wounded
Cormac, and killed his son Ceallach, 278; but Cormac,
having quelled the rebellion seven successive battles, drove Aongus and his accomplices into Munster, where they got settle
ments from Oilioll Olum, king Munster, who granted them the lands extending from the river Suir southward the sea, and from Lismore Cean Criadain, Creadan Head, thus comprising almost the whole the territory afterwards called Waterford, and they gave that country the name Deise, Nandesi, which was called Deisi Munster, distinguish from Deise Meath.
The Desians becoming numerous and powerful Munster, Aongus, king Munster the fifth century, conferred them additional lands, and annexed their territory Magh Feimin, which extended north the river Suir, far Corca Eathrach, comprising the country called Machaire Caisil, the Plain Cashel, and dis tricts about Clonmel, forming the present barony Middlethird, with part Offa, Tipperary. The territory comprised this grant king Aongus was distinguished the name Deise Tuaisceart, North Desie, and the old territory, Waterford, was called Deise Deisceart, South Desie. The name Desie still retained the two baronies Decies, the county Waterford. The two principal families the Desians were the O’Felans, styled princes Desies, and the O'Brics,
The Menapians. According
his Map Ancient Ireland,
Ware, the Menapii were the inhabitants the territories now forming the counties Waterford and Wexford, chiefly located along the sea coasts. These Menapians were colony from Belgic Gaul, Northern Germany, according Camden, which coincides with the accounts our ancient annalists; for these Menapians from Belgium were the same the Firbolg, i. e. Viri Belgici, Belgian men our old writers, who state that Inver Slaine,
the Bay Slaney, from which the river Slaney Wexford de rives its name, was the chief landing place the first Firbolgs who arrived Ireland. Caesar, his commentaries, speaks the Menapians Belgic Gaul very valiant people, whose manner making war the Romans was, retiring with their valuable property, cattle, &c. into woods, morasses, and inacessi ble places, and thence making sudden assaults upon the Romans,
mode warfare precisely similar that adopted by the Irish clans against the English. Caesar, order subdue them, em ployed his army cutting down the woods, and wasting their villages; and the same plans were put into practice by king Richard II. Ireland, detailed note these Annals the year 1399. On Ptolemy's Map the city Menapia considered
that afterwards called Wexford, but others suppose have been Waterford.
The Coriondi, whom account has beengiven the note
chiefs Desies.
the Greek geographer Ptolemy,
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on Desmond, as some of the ancient inhabitants of Cork, are placed on Ptolemy's Map also in the territory afterwards called Tippe rary; and according to Ptolemy's Map, by Ware, the Udaei, or Ouodiai, also inhabited part of Tipperary, and appear to be the
same as the Clanna Deagha, or Ua Deghaidh of the Irish writers, called Degadii by Charles O'Conor; and these Degadians were
celebrated ancient tribes in Munster, who originally emigrated
from Ulster, and of whom an account has been given in the notes on Thomond and Desmond.
Cathal Roe Mac Rannall, chief of Muintir Eo of Malachy Mac Rannall.
bably preached the Gospel there before his time. St. Ailbe, of Emly, is celebrated as the patron saint of Munster; Declan of Ard more,and Ibar of Wexford, were also celebrated saints at the same time, in the fifth century, and these, together with Carthach of Lismore, Finbarr of Cork, and Brendan of Kerry, are the cele brated patron saints of Munster.
Danish Wars. -In the beginning of the ninth century, the Scandinavians or Danes, Swedes and Norwegians, invaded Ire land, and during the whole of the ninth and tenth centuries, made several expeditions hither, with powerful fleets and forces, and ravaged and laid waste the entire country, repeatedly plundering and burning abbeys, churches, colleges, cities, and towns, with all the violence of Pagan fury. The celebrated Danish king and warrior Regnar Lodbrog, who had overrun a great part of Eng land, also invaded Ireland with a powerful force, in the beginning of the ninth century, and fought many great battles with the Irish kings, asnarrated in the Danish chronicles of Snorro Sturleson, Saxo Grammaticus, and Torfeus, in Johnstone's Celto-Scandina vian and Celto-Normanic Antiquities, and in Turner's Anglo
REIGN OF HENRY IV. 195
Thomas Burke, namely, Ulic, son of Ricard Oge,
was made Mac William, and Walter, son of Tho
mas Burke was made another Mac William, but
yielded submission to Mac William of Clanricard, luis, was slain at Druim Chubra, by Geoffrey, son in seniority.
In the early ages, as already explained in the notes on Tho
mond and Desmond, the Heberians and Ithians alternately ruled
as kings of Munster. In the third century the Heberians, or race
of Heber, were divided into three great branches, namely, the
Eugenians, Dalcassians, and Clan Kian, and kings of the Euge
nian and Dalcassian race alternately ruled over Munster, from the
third to the eleventh century. The Dalcassians were kings of
Thomond, or the counties of Clare, Limerick, and part of Tippe
rary, and the head family of them were the O'Briens, kings of
Thomond. The Eugenians were kings of Desmond, or the counties
of Cork and Kerry, with parts of Tipperary and Waterford, and Saxons. It is said that Regnar remained a year at Dublin, and the head family of them were the MacCarthys, kings of Desmond.
The other branch of the Heberians, called Clan Kian, were chiefly
located in Ormond, and an account of them will be given in the
subsequent part of the present article. In the third century
Donal O’Malley, lord of Umalia (in Mayo), died at an advanced age.
i
amongst the Irish kings he had conquered, are mentioned Mel bric and Marstein, and three kings of Leinster. Amongst the battles fought by Regnar with the Irish kings, is mentioned one at Vedra Fiord or Waterford, and in the Epicedium, or Death song of Regnar Lodbrog, translated by Johnstone from the Danish, occurs the following passage respecting this great battle:—
Fiacha Muilleathan, a celebrated king of Munster, had his resi
dence at Rath Naoi, near Cashel, now called Knock-Raffan, and
this Fiacha granted to Cairbre Musc, son of the king of Meath, a
famous bard, as a reward for his poems, an extensive territory,
called from him Muscrith Tire, comprising the two present baro
nies of Ormond, in the county of Tipperary, The kings of Des
mond, of the Eugenian race, were also styled kings of Cashel, as
they chiefly resided there. The name of Cashel, in Irish, Caisiol,
or Caiseal, signifies a stone fortress or castle; or, according to
others, a rock; or, as stated in Cormac's Glossary, is derived
from Cios rent, and ail, a rock, signifying the rock of tribute,
as the people paid tribute there to the kings. The for
tress of the kings was situated on the great rock of Cashel, and
Corc, king of Munster, of the Eugenian race, in the fourth cen
tury, was the first who made Cashel a royal residence; and the
surrounding country was called Corca Eathrach, a territory which
was first possessed by the descendants of Amergin, oneof the sons
of Milesius, and extended from Tipraid-Farann, near the abbey of ster, but were defeated by Art, son of Cathal, king of Munster,
Holy Cross, to Dunandreas, and northward to Knockraffan; it was near Lough Lein, or the Lakes of Killarney. Felim, son of Crim
than, of the Eugenian race, a celebrated warrior, was about this period king of Cashel, and defeated the Danish forces in a great battle, and pursued them to their ships with great slaughter. Felim, having resigned the crown, becamea monk and died, A. D. 846. Olchobhar, bishop of Emly, of the Eugenian race, suc
ceeded Felim as king of Cashel, and assisted by Lorcan, king of Leinster, they collected their forces, and A. D. 848, fought a great battle with the Danes, according to the Annals of Inisfallen, at Sgiath Neachtain, in Desies, in which the foreigners were defeated, and twelve hundred of them slain, together with the princes Tomar and Eric, their chief commanders; and in two other battles, the same year, seventeen hundred of the Danish forces were slain by the Irish, under Olchobar. It has been stated by some writers that Olchohar himself was killed in one of those battles, but that account is erroneous, for he did not die till A. D. 850, as mentioned by Lanigan, and in Ware's Bishops of Emly. A. D. 831, the Dales and Norwegians landed a power ful force at Waterford, and proceeding to Lismore, plundered and burned its celebrated college, together with the churches and city. A. D. 833, Cork and Lismore were plundered and burned by the Danes. A. D. 842, Cork, Ferns, and Clonfert were plundered and burned, and their bishops slain by the Danes; and the abbey of
2C2
also called Machaire Chaisil or the plain of Cashel, and also Eogan acht Cashel. This Corc, before he became king of Munster, re sided some time in Albany or North Britain, where he married Mongfinna, daughter of Feredach, king of the Picts, and the princes descendedfrom this marriage were, as stated in O'Flaherty's Ogygia (vol. II. p. 304), progenitors of the great Stewarts or earls of Len nox and Marr in Scotland. Nathfrach, son of Corc, by Abinda, daughter of Aongus, prince of Corca Luighe, became king of Mun ster, and his son, Aongus, was the first Christian king of Munster.
St. Patrick, according to Lanigan and other authorities, pro ceeded on his mission to Munster, A. D. 445, and spent seven years in his conversion of the people of that province to the Chris tian faith. He converted Aongus, king of Munster, at Cashel, and a remarkable circumstance is mentioned as having occurred at the baptismal ceremony, the king's foot having beenaccidentally pierced by the iron point of St. Patrick's staff or crozier, on which he inadvertently leant, but the king patiently bore the pain, con sidering it a part of the ceremony. According to Usher, O'Fla herty, and others, the Christian faith was propagated to some ex tent in Munster by SS. Ailbe, Declan, and Ibar, as precursors of St. Patrick, but Lanigan doubts these accounts, and states that those saints, though contemporary with Saint Patrick, had not pro
“In heaps promiscuous were piled the enemy,
Glad was the kindred of the Falcon,
From the clamorous shouts they boded an approaching
feast
Marstein, Erin's king, whelmed by the iron sleet, Allayed the hunger of the Wolf and Eagle,
And the slain at Vedra’s Ford
Became the raven's booty. ”
Among the Scandinavians the wolf and raven were sacred to their great Deity Odin ; hence they are here mentioned by the Danish poet, and the figure of a raven was also the chief ensign borne on the Danish standards in battle.
A. D. 812, the Danes landed a powerful force in West Mun
196 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1401.
Mulruana, son of Cathal Roe Mac Rannall, was slain by the sons of the same Malachy, while they were in pursuit of prey.
Tir-da-glas, Tipperary, was also destroyed by the Danes. A. D. 845, the Danes, under Turgesius, ravaged and plundered Emly, Lorrha, and Tir-da-glas, Tipperary. 848, the Eugenians Cashel defeated the Danes battle Dun Maoltuile,
which five hundred the foreigners were slain.
853, Aulaf, Norwegian prince, together with his
brothers, Sitric and Ivar, landed Ireland with great force; Aulaf took possession Dublin, Ivar Limerick, and Sitric Waterford, and having enlarged and fortified those cities, they
Conor Anabaidh O'Kelly assumed the lordship of Hy Maine, after his father.
The Rock of Lough Key Roscommon), was
also high priests, the great family the Maccabees, Judas Macabeus and his brothers were the same time high priests and
Wexford, Limerick, and Cork, for period more than two hundred years, and even
slain. prince king
centuries, according the Annals Inisfallen and others, the Danes are mentioned having frequently landed their forces with
powerful fleets Loch-da-chaoch Desies, now the bay Waterford. 872, Ceanfaoladh, bishop Emly, the Eugenian race, who had succeeded Olchobar king Cashel, died. Cormac, son Cuillionain, generally called Cormac Mac Cuillionain, becamebishop Cashel, and king Munster;
the notes Thomond and Desmond. The Battle Roscrea. — great annual fair was ancient times held Roscrea, Tippe rary, which commenced the festival SS. Peter and Paul, and
continued fourteen days, attended merchants from all parts Ireland, and even from foreign countries. The Danes Limerick, whose chief that time was Tomar, together with those Wa terford, and also the Danes Connaught, formed the project attacking and plundering the people this fair, and seizing the immense quantities merchandize and treasure collected there. Olfin, chief the Danes Connaught, was their principal leader, and marched his men secretly possible detached parties through Galway towards the Shannon, and embarking their boats, crossed the river great numbers. On their landing Ormond, an alarm was communicated throughout the entire country lighting fires; and the Irish having collected their forces, and joined great numbers the people the fair, armed themselves expeditiously, and assailing the enemy every side, with deter mined bravery, the Danes were totally defeated, and four thousand
them, together with their general, Olfin, were slain.
and
appears paying commerce.
tioned that the Danes plundered and burned Lismore. 916, the Danes Waterford marched into Meath, and plundered the entire country; and the same year, according the Annals Ulster, Reginald, son Ivar, came with his ships Waterford.
941, according the Annals Innisfallen, the Danes were defeated Desies and Ferns, Ceallachan, king Cashel, and the men Munster, and two thousand the foreigners were
settled them colonies Danes and Norwegians the Irish kings partly gave them permission
them some tribute, and for the purpose carrying
The Danes afterwards also got possession Danish colonies continued under their own rulers the cities Dublin, Waterford,
down the Anglo-Norman invasion the twelfth century. king Tara. Accounts various great victories gained over the 859, Maolguala, son Dongaile, king Desmond, was Danes Ceallachan, king Cashel, Brian Boru, and his brother
killed with stones the Danes. During the ninth and tenth Mahon, the latter end the tenth century, have been given
Cork, and those kings, the chief
the same year the celebrated Murcheartach Mac Neill, Oileach, Ulster, having some contests with Ceallachan, Cashel, marched his forces Munster, and took Ceallachan prisoner, whom delivered into the hands Donogh Mac Floinn,
military leaders
large force the prince
the Jewish people. 914 the Danes landed Waterford, but were defeated with great slaughter Idrone; and the years 913 and 915 men
was the Eugenian race, and, according fallen, was born 837, and became king
the Annals Munster,
Inis
901. 906, Flann Sionna, monarch roll, king Leinster, having marched laid waste the country far Limerick;
Ireland, and Car army into Munster, but 907, Cor
mac Mac Cuillionain, having collected the Munster forces, and joined Lorcan, king Thomond, marched into Leinster and
defeated the army the monarch Flann Sionna,
great battle Fercall, King's 908, the the kings Meath, Ulster, Connaught,
the heath Moylena
county), and forced Flann
monarch Flann, aided
and Leinster, collected powerful army for the invasion Mun
ster, marched into Leinster, but Cormac Mac Cuillionain, having
collected the forces Munster and Ossory, both armies met and
fought tremendous battle Beallach Mughna, which the terford, was slain. 1000, Ivar, king the Danes Water Munster army was defeated and according the Annals ford, died and 1003, Reginald, son Ivar, succeeded Inisfallen, six thousand them, together with Cormac Mac king, and built the fortress called Reginald's Tower, still standing Cuillionain himself, and many princes and chiefs, were slain. The under the name Ring Tower. 1023, Sitric, king the battle Beallach Mughna was fought Tuesday, the 16th Dames Waterford, was killed the people Ossory.
August, 908, and the place now known Ballymoon, 1036, Reginald, son Ivar, king the Danes Waterford, was near Old Leighlin, the county Carlow; was also called killed Dublin, Sitric, king the Danes Dublin; and the battle Magh Ailbe Moyalbe, signifying the White A. D. 1038 Commanus, son Raban, king the Danes Water Plain. King Cormac's body being found amongst the slain, ford, was killed, and the city Waterford was burned Dermod was, according some accounts, buried Cashel, but Keat Mac Maol-na-mbo, king Leinster. 1038, the Danes ing says, the abbey Castledermott, Kildare. Cormac Dublin marched Waterford, which they plundered and burned; Mac Cuillionain was one of the most eminent of the Irish ec and 1089, the Danes Dublin, Waterford, and Wicklow, clesiastics, and highly extolled all our old annalists for with their combined forces, marched attack Cork, but were de his learning, wisdom, piety, munificence, and other virtues; feated the Irish with great slaughter. The Danes, having been and famous the author the celebrated Psalter Cashel, converted Christianity, Waterford was erected into bishop's
place the barony give him hostages.
which account given the present article. King see, 1096, and Malchus, Dame, who was Benedictine
monk, was appointed its first bishop. 1136 Melisa O'Han mire, the Danish bishop Waterford, died; and Tostius, another
Cormac his will bequeathed forty ounces gold, and the same silver various churches, with great number gold and silver chalices, silken vestments, ornamented mass-books, and
Dane, succeeded him.
The Anglo-Norman Invasion. —Waterford celebrated the
many other valuable articles, and directed his Psalter pre
served Cashel, for the information future ages. few years
after the death Cormac, Flaherty, bishop Inis Catha Lime
rick, became king Cashel; and remarkable circumstance
that, mentioned above, Olchobar and Ceannfaeladh were the
same time bishops Emly and kings Cashel, Munster; and ditions Ireland. A. 1169, the month May, Robert Cormac Mac Cuillionian was also both bishop Cashel and king Fitzstephen, Maurice Fitzgerald, David Barry, Hervey Monte
Munster; but similar instances are found the history other Marisco, Myler Fitzhenry, Maurice Prendergast, and other chiefs nations, amongst the Jews their temporal princes were often from Wales, being the first the Anglo-Normans who invaded
the Irish Annals are mentioned many Danish kings Water ford. 893, Patrick, son Ivar, king the Danes Wa
chief landing place the Anglo-Norman invaders, under Strong bow and his followers, invited over allies by Dermod Mac Mur rogh, king Leinster; and this city also remarkable the chief place where several kings England landed their expe
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wards Wexford, but the Danish and Irish inhabitants that town bravely resisted them various conflicts for the space three days, but being overcome they surrendered the town Mac Murrogh, who soon afterwards collecting powerful army three thousand men, marched, together with his English allies, into Os sory and other parts Leinster, and ravaged the country, which expedition account may found Hanmer's Chronicle, and Harris's Hibernica, written by Maurice Regan, who was
Tipperary and laid waste the country; out according Masters, and other authorities, Donal O’Brien, king the head the Dalcassians, aided battalions
the Four Thomond, Connaught,
REIGN OF HENRY IV.
taken by the sons of Fergal Mac Dermott, and many persons were slain and drowned about
Ireland, landed the bay Bannow, Bag-an-bun, the county
Wexford, near the bay Waterford, with force about five hundred men, knights and archers, according Hanmer, and
were joined five hundred the picked troops their Irish
ally, Dermod Mac Murrogh. Their combined forces marched to Easter Monday, the 17th April, 1172, set sail for England,
secretary
Raymond
city, joined by the Irish, sallied out attack them, but were dred them, according the Annals Inisfallen. 1175, defeated chiefly stratagem the English, who collected to the English forces, commanded Raymond Gros, joined by
Mac Murrogh. 1170, the 1st May, Gros, and other Anglo-Norman chiefs, landed near
Dundonnel, Dundonalf, according others, Dun Dundrone, the county Wexford, about four miles from Waterford, near the river Suir, with force about one hundred and thirty knights and archers; and being joined other
under king Roderick O'Conor, marched oppose them, and great battle fought Thurles, totally defeated the English forces,
whom seventeen hundred were slain, and the few who sur vived fled dismay with the earl Waterford. After intel Anglo-Normans from Wexford, under Hervey Monte Ma ligence the victory Thurles reached the Irish Waterford, risco, they proceeded attack Waterford. The Danes that they attacked the English garrison that city and slew two hun
the rock doragh
197 care surrendered
and arrived the same day Port Finnain Wales. 1174, Raymond Gros landed Waterford, with large force from Wales, relieve Strongbow, then besieged the Irish that city, and succeeded rescuing him.
The Battle Thurles. —A. 1174, the English forces, joined
by some Danish allies from Dublin, and commanded earl Strongbow, Henry Monte Marisco, and others, marched into
and the guards who were on receiving bribe.
said, council parliament
synod bishops and clergy Cashel, which account may found Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History. King Henry, after remaining Ireland about six months, embarked Wexford on
Lismore, and also convened
gether agreat number cows, and having driven them onward with great shouts, and piercing them with their weapons, the affrighted and wounded cattle ran furiously against the approaching troops from Waterford, who were defeated with great loss, and amongst the slain was O'Ryan, prince Idrone. Seventy the princi pal citizens Waterford having been made prisoners the pur suit, their limbs were first broken the English, and they were then cast headlong from the rocks into the sea. this year,
the eve St. Bartholomew, the 23rd August, Richard de Clare, earl Pembroke, commonly called Strongbow, landed
near Waterford, with force about fifteen hundred men, knights, archers, and men-at-arms, and being joined the troops
Raymond Gros, they the next day attacked Waterford,
then governed two Danish princes, Reginald and Smorth,
who defended the city with their Danish forces, aided the Irish, under Malachy O'Felan, prince Desies; the English
were twice repulsed, but length took the city the 25th August. Amongst the prisoners were Reginald and Malachy O’Felan, whom they condemned death, but O’Felan's life was saved through the interference Dermod Mac Murrogh, who
some Irish allies, under Mac Gillpatrick, prince Ossory, fought
great battle defile near Cashel, with the troops Donal O’Brien, king Thomond, which, after great slaughter both
sides, the Irish were length defeated. the same year, ac cording Lanigan, king Henry sent Nicholas, abbot Malms bury, and William Fitz Adelm Ireland, with the Bull Pope Adrian IV. , and the Brief Pope Alexander III. , and meeting
bishops was convened Waterford, where these documents were publicly read, being the first time they were published Ireland, and conferring king Henry the kingdom Ireland.
1185, the 1st April, prince John, earl Morton, son king Henry II. , landed Waterford with fleet sixty ships, and large force archers and cavalry, whom four hundred were knights; was accompanied Ralph Glanville, chief justice England, and by Giraldus Cambrensis, his secre tary and tutor. Several Irish chiefs waited on him Waterford
him homage, but the Norman nobles treated them with
great insolence and derision, pulling their bushy beards and long
hair glibs. These insults and indignities were highly resented by the chiefs, who indignantly departed and roused their country
that day had come from Ferns with his daughter Eva, whom,
according his previous agreement, gave marriage
Strongbow, and day two after the ceremony was performed Lismore, Ardfinnan, Tibrad, and other places Tipperary and
Waterford, and king Dermod conferred his son-in-law the title heir presumptive the kingdom Leinster.
Waterford; and stated the Four Masters, having proceeded plunder Munster, his forces were defeated with great slaughter by the Irish, under Donal O’Brien, and according other ac
1171, king Henry II. , embarking Milford Haven,
landed Croch, now Crook, near Waterford, St. Luke's day,
the 18th October, with fleet, according Littleton and
others, four hundred sail, but other accounts say two hundred
and forty ships; had force consisting four thousand ca
valry men-at-arms, and five hundred knights, and was at cassians, under Donal O'Brien, king Thomond; and again tended Strongbow, William Fitz Adelm, Hugh Lacy,
Humphrey Bohun, and other lords and barons. The day after king Henry's arrival, Dermod Mac Carthy, king Desmond,
1192, the English having marched into Tipperary, and into Tho mond far Killaloe, were defeated with great slaughter by the
waited him Waterford, delivered him the keys the city
Cork and did him homage. Henry, the head his army, force, and soon after proceeded Dublin, and from thence through
marched Lismore, where remained two days and thence
proceeded Cashel, near which, the banks, the Suir,
Donal O'Brien, king Thomond, came meet him, and deliver
ing him the keys the city Linerick, did him homage,
Dermod Mac Carthy had done. Mac Gillpatrick, prince Os Waterford also celebrated the place landing and em sory, O'Felan, prince Desies, and other chiefs, submitted soon
after. From Cashel, Henry returned through Tipperary water ford, and shortly after proceeded Dublin, where remained during the winter, and entertained the Irish kings and princes who had submitted him style great magnificence.
February, 1172, Henry returned Waterford, and held,
barkation other kings England, and account the two expeditions king Richard II. Ireland, the years 1394 and
men make war the English, whom great numbers were slain various engagements. Prince John had castles erected
counts, almost his entire army was cut off various conflicts, consequence which was recalled from Ireland by his father. A. D. 1190, the English forces,under William Marshall, earl Pem
broke, were defeated with great loss near Thurles, by the Dal
Irish, under Donal O'Brien. 1210, the 8th June, king John landed Waterford, with large fleet and powerful
various parts Meath and Ulster.