A Greek
grammarian
of Alexandria, who lived and more especially in B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
ad Pind.
Ol.
xiii.
; Plin.
vote of exile fell on Hyperbolus himself: an ap-
H. N. vii. 56. )
[P. S. ) plication of that dignified punishment by which it
HYPE'RBOLUS ('Théplonos), the Athenian was thought to have been so debased that the use
demagogue, was, according to Androtion, son of of it was never recurred to. As the comic poet Plato,
Antiphanes ; according to Theopompus, son of probably in his “Hyperbolus,” wrote: “ His fate
Chreines, and brother of Charon. (Schol. ad Lu- was worthy of his courses, But of himself and his
cian, Tim. 30, and ad Aristoph. Pac. 681. ) The slave-brand unworthy ; Not for the like of him was
father, if we may believe an extract from the meant the sherd. ” (Plut. Arist. 7, Alc. 13, Nic. 11. )
speech of Andocides against Nicocles (Harpocra- This appears to bave happened just before the sail-
tion, and Schol. ad Aristoph. Vesp. 1007), was ating of the first expedition to Sicily, B. C. 416 or
the very time of the son's political notoriety at 415. (Comp. Theophr. ap. Schol. ad Aristoph. Vesp.
work in the Mint as a public slave. His mother 1007, and ad Lucian, Tim. 30).
sold bread, and he made lamps. One scholiast (ad lle seems to have retired to Samos; and in
Aristoph. Nub. 1065), but perhaps by an ignorant Samos, in the year 411 B. C. , the members of a plot
conjecture, tells us that he used to cheat his cus- for restoring oligarchy there murdered him, more as
tomers by using lead instead of brass.
a bond among themselves than because of his im-
Our first notice of him occurs in B. C. 425, the portance. Thucydides confirms here (viii. 74) the
seventh year of the Peloponnesian War, a year story of Plutarch, styling Hyperbolus “ a worthless
marked by the capture of the Spartans at Sphac- character, who had been ostracised not through
teria and the culmination of the power of Cleon. apprehension of power and repute, but for his vil-
Among the plagues of that time, Aristophanes lainy's sake, and the shame of the city. ” Accord-
(Acha 846) records “ the law-suits of Hyperbolus. " ing to Theopompus(l. c. ), his body was put in a sack,
In 424, in the Knights, a senior trireme on behalf and thrown into the sea Andocides (L. c. ) calls him a
of the navy expresses consternation at the prospect foreigner and barbarian ; and the comedians assign
of being sent under his command to Chalcedon. him to Lydia, Phrygia, Syria. Three verses from
This is, perhaps, only an inuendo at Cleon. Further Plato's “Hyperbolus" (ap. Herod. Tepl uov, det.
on, the refornied Demus declares a devout intention p. 20), whichi, to all appearance, speak of him, are
of making an end of him. (Equit. 1301, 1360. ) worth quoting:
In the same character of a thriving litigant, he is
ο δ' ου γαρ ήττίκιζεν, ώ Μούσαι φίλαι,
named again in the Wasps (B. C. 422), and Clouds
αλλ' οπότε μεν χρείη δικτώμην λέγειν,
(Vesp. 1007, Nub. 874, 1065), in which latter
έφασκε δητώμην, οπότε δ' ειπείν δέοι
play he is also said to have held that year the
όλιγον, έλεγεν όλιον.
office of Amphictyonic Hieromnemon; but what
that year was, the uncertainty of the date of any (See Meineke, Quaest. Scen. ii. p. 26. ) [A. H. C. ]
particular passage in the Clouds makes it hard to HYPERCHEI'RIA ('Trepxeipla), the goddess
say. In some of its latest additions, dating after who holds her protecting hand over a thing, a sur-
B. C. 421, the great comedian speaks with com- name under which Hera had a sanctuary at Sparta,
passionate contempt of the way in which his own which had been erected to her at the command of
bold attack on Cleon had been travestied in the an oracle, when the country was inundated by the
case of the pitiful Hyperbolus. He and his mother river Eurotas. (Paus. iii. 13. $ 6. ) (L. S. ]
were the subject of the “ Maricas” of Eupolis, and of HYPERE'CHIUS ('Trepéxios). 1. Ammianus
a play, it appears, of Hermippus, called the “ Bread-Marcellinus mentions an officer of this name who
wonen. ” (Nub. 549—560, and Schol. ) To these commanded (A. D. 365) a body of troops sent by
attacks the Scholiast on Lucian (Tim. 30) adds that Procopius to oppose the forces of the emperor Valens,
of Polyzelus, in the Demotyndareos; Cratinus, in against whom he had revolted. Hyperechius had
the “ Horae,” where he rebuked him for his early previously been “castrensis apparitor," or, as some
appearance as a speaker in the assembly ; Eupolis have proposed to read the words, “ gastrensis appa-
in the “
* Cities,” and Plato in the Hyperbolus. ritor," sc. “ ventris vel gulae minister;" and Arin-
Cratinus died B. C. 422, and had also named him thaeus, the general of Valens, despising him too much
in the “Pytine,” B. C. 422. (Schol. ad Aristoph. Pac. to engage him in the field, induced the soldiers of
691. ) The “Maricas” of Eupolis was acted B. C. Hyperechius to seize their general. Valesius thinks
421, a few months after the death of Cleon, and that the Hyperechius, son of Maximus, whom
just before the peace of Nicias ; and to the ensuing Libanius praises for his talents, and for whom he
period, in which Hyperbolus was struggling for the endeavoured to obtain the office of praeses of one
demagogic throne of Cleon, most of the other plays of the provinces, is the Hyperechius of Ammianus ;
may be referred. Aristophanes recurs to him in but this is perhaps hardly consistent with the con-
the Peace, B. c. 419, and calls him there “ the present temptuous manner in which the latter speaks of
master of the stone in the Poyx,” but only for him. An Hyperechius, apparently the same as the
lack of a better, and presently promises to celebrate friend of Libanius, appears among the correspond-
the arrival of “ Peace” by driving him out. (Pax, ents of Basil of Caesareia (Epist. 367, or ed. Bened.
681, 9:21, 1320. Compare further Thesmoph. 847, 328), and is mentioned by Gregory of Nazianzen
Ran. 577, and Schol. ad Plut. 1037, Equit. 851. ) with great praise (Epist. 234, or in Caillau's ed.
The influence of Nicias and Alcibiades seems to 134, written about A. D. 382). A person of the
have been too great to leave much room for Hyper- same name, and perhaps the same person, was
bolus : indeed he was, it would seem, quite inferior comes rerum privatarum a. D. 397 (Cod. Theod
in ability to Cleon. In the hope of getting rid of | 7. tit. 13. $ 12; 10. tit. 1. $ 14); and an Hypere.
;
## p. 539 (#555) ############################################
HYPERIDES.
539
HYPERIDES.
:
chius, probably also the same, is mentioned in the equipped two triremes at their own expense. (Plut.
letters of Symmachus. (Amm. Marc. xxvi. 8, l. c. p. 849, f. ; comp. Dem. de Coron. p. 259, in
with the notes of Valesius ; Libanius, Epist. 1285, Mid. p. 566. ) In the same spirit he acted on an
1286, et alibi, ed. Wolf ; Greg. Nazianz, Opera, embassy to Rhodes (Plut. l. c. p. 850, a. ), in B. C.
vol. ii. p. 113, ed. Caillau, Paris, 1840; Basil
. 346, when he, like Demosthenes, took up the
Opera, rol. iii. pars 2, p. 655, ed. Paris, 1839; prosecution against the treacherous Philocrates
Gothof. Prosop. Cod. Theodos. ; Tillemont, Hisl. (Dem. de Fals. Leg. p. 276), in the expedition
des Emp. vol. v. )
against Byzantium, in B. C. 340 (Plut. p. 848, e. ),
2.
A Greek grammarian of Alexandria, who lived and more especially in B. C. 338, after the fatal
in the time of the emperor Marcian ( A. D. 450-457), battle of Chaeronein, when Hyperides, with the
and wrote some works on grammar, severally en- view of making a desperate resisuance against
titled, 1. Τέχνη γραμματική ; 2. Περί ονομάτων ; Philip, proposed that all women and children
and 3. Depl Stuatos kal opdoypaqlas. He was should be taken to Peirneeus, that the slaves
banished by the emperor Leo I. , successor of Mar- should be emancipated, that the resident aliens
cian. (Suidas, s. 0. News ó Marémns, 'Tarepéxios ; should receive the rights of citizens, and that all
Fabr. Bibl. Gr. vol. vi. p. 370. ) (J. C. M. ) who were labouring under atimia should be restored
HYPERE'NOR ('Trephuwp), one of the Spar- to their former rights. (Lycurg. c. Leocrat. &
tae, or the men that grew up from the dragon's teeth 41 ; Dem. C. Aristog. ii. p. 803; Plut. p. 848, f. )
gown by Cadmus, was worshipped as a hero at The plan was not carried into effect, on account of
Thebes. _(Apollod. iii. 4. § 1; Paus. ix. 5. $ 1; the general despondency which then prevailed at
Hygin. Fab. 178. ) There are two other nıythical Athens, but the good intentions of Hyperides were
personages of this name, one a son of Poseidon and rewarded and acknowledged by his fellow-citizens;
Alcyone (Apollod. iii. 10. § 1), and the other a for when the sycophant Aristogeiton brought an
son of the Trojan Panthous, who was slain by accusation against him for his proposal, the people
Menelaus. (Hom. N. xiv. 516, xvii. 24. ) [L. S. ] acquitted him. Philip's death inspired the patriots
HY'PERES ('Tzéps). 1. A son of Poseidon with new hopes, and Hyperides, though we have
and Alcyone, and king of Troezene, from whom the no express testimony for it, must be supposed to
town of Hypereia derived its name. (Paus. ii. 30. have joined those who were resolved to shake off
$ 7. ) The island of Calauria, off the coast of Troe- the Macedonian yoke, and with this riew formed
zene, was likewise believed to have received from an alliance with Thebes, for he was afterwards one
him the name of Hypereia (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 19). of those whose surrender was demanded by Alex-
Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. Thepnoia) and Eusta- ander. (Arrian, Anab. i. 10. § 7. ) This danger
thius (ad Hom. pp. 291, 332) call him a son of passed over, but Hyperides was not intimidated,
Lycaon.
and he again ventured to oppose the Macedonians,
2. A son of ‘Melas and Eurycleia, who dwelt when their king demanded of the Athenians to
near the well of Hypereia near Pherae, which de- furnish him with ships for his expedition against
rived its name from him. (Schol ad Pind Pyth. iv. Persia. (Plut. p. 818, d ; comp. p. 847, c. ) The
221. )
(L. S. ) unfortunate disturbances caused by the arrival of
HYPERI'DES ('Trepelons or 'Treplôns), a ce Harpalus at Athens in B. C. 324 seem to have dis-
lebrated Attic orator, was the son of Glaucippus, turbed the friendly relation which until then had
and belonged to the Attic demus of Collytus. He existed between Hyperides and Demosthenes ; for
was a friend of Demosthenes, and with him and we find him in the equivocal position of a public
Lycurgus he was at the head of the anti-Mace accuser of Demosthenes. (Plut. p. 846, c. 848, f. ;
donian party.
His birth-year is unknown, but he Lucian, Encom. Dem. 31. ) Plutarch states that
must have been of about the same age as Lycurgus, Hyperides was found to have been the only man
who was born in B. C. 396. (Plut. Vit
. X. Orat. p. who had not received any money from Harpalus ;
848, d. ; Diog. Laërt. iii. 46. ) Throughout his and it may therefore be that he was compelled to
public career he joined the patriots with the utmost act the part of an accuser, or he may have hoped
determination and his whole soul, and remained to be able to give to the matter a more favourable
faithful to them to the last, and through all the turn for Demosthenes, by coming forward as ac-
dangers and catastrophes by which Athens was cuser. But this whole transaction is involved in
weighed down successively under Philip, Alexan- great obscurity ; all we can safely say is, that
der, and Antipater. This stedfast adherence to the about this time there was a sort of rupture between
good cause may have been owing in a great measure the two orators, but whether it existed previous to
to the influence which his friend Demosthenes and the arrival of Harpalus, or whether it was brought
Lycurgus exercised upon him, for he seems to have about by the disputes respecting Harpalus, is un-
naturally been a person of a vacillating character; certain. Afterwards, however, Hyperides and De-
and Plutarch (Lc. p. 849, d. ) states that he some mosthenes became reconciled. (Plut. p. 849, b. )
times gave way to his passions, which were not His political conduct, however, was not affected by
always of the noblest kind. (Comp. Athen. viii. the enmity with Demosthenes. When the news
p. 243, xiii. p. 590. ) In philosophy he was a of Alexander's death arrived at Athens, Hyperides
pupil of Plato (Diog. Laërt. iii
. 46), and Isocrates is said to have proposed that a crown should be
trained and developed his oratorical talent. (Athen. given to lollas, who was believed to have poisoned
viii. p. 342 ; Phot Bibl. Cod. 260, p. 487. ) He the king (Plut. p. 819, e, Aler. 77 ; Arrian,
began his career by conducting lawsuits of others Anab. vii. 27); but this account is very doubtful,
in the courts of justice. (Plut. I. c. p. 448, e. ) Our though it is certain that it was mainly owing to his
information respecting his life is very meagre, but exertions that the Lamian war was brought about
it seems that he first displayed his patriotic feelings (Plut. Phoc. 23, Vit. X. Orat. pp. 848, e, 849, b;
in B. c. 358, by the sacrifices he made for the public Justin, xii. 5), and after the death of Leosthenes,
good during the expedition against Euboea, for on he delivered the funeral oration upon those who
that occasion he and his son are said to have had fallen in the war. (Diod. xvii. 3. ) But aftes
## p. 540 (#556) ############################################
540
HYPERIDES.
HYPSAEUS.
the battle of Crannon, in B. C. 322, when all hopes | 7 ; Hermog. l. c. ; Dionys. Din. 5, 6. ) But his
bad vanished, Hyperides fled to Aegina, where he orations were distinguished above all by their ex.
was overtaken by the emissaries of Antipater, and quisite elegance and gracefulness, which were cal-
put to death in a most cruel manner. (Plut. Phoc. culated to produce a momentary rather than a
29, Dem. 28, Vit. X. Orat. p. 849; Phot. Bibl. lasting and moral impression. In his private life,
Cod. 265. )
Hyperides seems to have been less above censure
Hyperides must have appeared before the public than in his political life, for his loose conduct was
on many occasions, both in the courts of justice and attacked by Timocles and Philetaerus, two comic
in the assembly of the people. The number of poets of the time. (Athen. viii. pp. 341, 342, xiii.
orations attributed to him was seventy-seven, but p.
H. N. vii. 56. )
[P. S. ) plication of that dignified punishment by which it
HYPE'RBOLUS ('Théplonos), the Athenian was thought to have been so debased that the use
demagogue, was, according to Androtion, son of of it was never recurred to. As the comic poet Plato,
Antiphanes ; according to Theopompus, son of probably in his “Hyperbolus,” wrote: “ His fate
Chreines, and brother of Charon. (Schol. ad Lu- was worthy of his courses, But of himself and his
cian, Tim. 30, and ad Aristoph. Pac. 681. ) The slave-brand unworthy ; Not for the like of him was
father, if we may believe an extract from the meant the sherd. ” (Plut. Arist. 7, Alc. 13, Nic. 11. )
speech of Andocides against Nicocles (Harpocra- This appears to bave happened just before the sail-
tion, and Schol. ad Aristoph. Vesp. 1007), was ating of the first expedition to Sicily, B. C. 416 or
the very time of the son's political notoriety at 415. (Comp. Theophr. ap. Schol. ad Aristoph. Vesp.
work in the Mint as a public slave. His mother 1007, and ad Lucian, Tim. 30).
sold bread, and he made lamps. One scholiast (ad lle seems to have retired to Samos; and in
Aristoph. Nub. 1065), but perhaps by an ignorant Samos, in the year 411 B. C. , the members of a plot
conjecture, tells us that he used to cheat his cus- for restoring oligarchy there murdered him, more as
tomers by using lead instead of brass.
a bond among themselves than because of his im-
Our first notice of him occurs in B. C. 425, the portance. Thucydides confirms here (viii. 74) the
seventh year of the Peloponnesian War, a year story of Plutarch, styling Hyperbolus “ a worthless
marked by the capture of the Spartans at Sphac- character, who had been ostracised not through
teria and the culmination of the power of Cleon. apprehension of power and repute, but for his vil-
Among the plagues of that time, Aristophanes lainy's sake, and the shame of the city. ” Accord-
(Acha 846) records “ the law-suits of Hyperbolus. " ing to Theopompus(l. c. ), his body was put in a sack,
In 424, in the Knights, a senior trireme on behalf and thrown into the sea Andocides (L. c. ) calls him a
of the navy expresses consternation at the prospect foreigner and barbarian ; and the comedians assign
of being sent under his command to Chalcedon. him to Lydia, Phrygia, Syria. Three verses from
This is, perhaps, only an inuendo at Cleon. Further Plato's “Hyperbolus" (ap. Herod. Tepl uov, det.
on, the refornied Demus declares a devout intention p. 20), whichi, to all appearance, speak of him, are
of making an end of him. (Equit. 1301, 1360. ) worth quoting:
In the same character of a thriving litigant, he is
ο δ' ου γαρ ήττίκιζεν, ώ Μούσαι φίλαι,
named again in the Wasps (B. C. 422), and Clouds
αλλ' οπότε μεν χρείη δικτώμην λέγειν,
(Vesp. 1007, Nub. 874, 1065), in which latter
έφασκε δητώμην, οπότε δ' ειπείν δέοι
play he is also said to have held that year the
όλιγον, έλεγεν όλιον.
office of Amphictyonic Hieromnemon; but what
that year was, the uncertainty of the date of any (See Meineke, Quaest. Scen. ii. p. 26. ) [A. H. C. ]
particular passage in the Clouds makes it hard to HYPERCHEI'RIA ('Trepxeipla), the goddess
say. In some of its latest additions, dating after who holds her protecting hand over a thing, a sur-
B. C. 421, the great comedian speaks with com- name under which Hera had a sanctuary at Sparta,
passionate contempt of the way in which his own which had been erected to her at the command of
bold attack on Cleon had been travestied in the an oracle, when the country was inundated by the
case of the pitiful Hyperbolus. He and his mother river Eurotas. (Paus. iii. 13. $ 6. ) (L. S. ]
were the subject of the “ Maricas” of Eupolis, and of HYPERE'CHIUS ('Trepéxios). 1. Ammianus
a play, it appears, of Hermippus, called the “ Bread-Marcellinus mentions an officer of this name who
wonen. ” (Nub. 549—560, and Schol. ) To these commanded (A. D. 365) a body of troops sent by
attacks the Scholiast on Lucian (Tim. 30) adds that Procopius to oppose the forces of the emperor Valens,
of Polyzelus, in the Demotyndareos; Cratinus, in against whom he had revolted. Hyperechius had
the “ Horae,” where he rebuked him for his early previously been “castrensis apparitor," or, as some
appearance as a speaker in the assembly ; Eupolis have proposed to read the words, “ gastrensis appa-
in the “
* Cities,” and Plato in the Hyperbolus. ritor," sc. “ ventris vel gulae minister;" and Arin-
Cratinus died B. C. 422, and had also named him thaeus, the general of Valens, despising him too much
in the “Pytine,” B. C. 422. (Schol. ad Aristoph. Pac. to engage him in the field, induced the soldiers of
691. ) The “Maricas” of Eupolis was acted B. C. Hyperechius to seize their general. Valesius thinks
421, a few months after the death of Cleon, and that the Hyperechius, son of Maximus, whom
just before the peace of Nicias ; and to the ensuing Libanius praises for his talents, and for whom he
period, in which Hyperbolus was struggling for the endeavoured to obtain the office of praeses of one
demagogic throne of Cleon, most of the other plays of the provinces, is the Hyperechius of Ammianus ;
may be referred. Aristophanes recurs to him in but this is perhaps hardly consistent with the con-
the Peace, B. c. 419, and calls him there “ the present temptuous manner in which the latter speaks of
master of the stone in the Poyx,” but only for him. An Hyperechius, apparently the same as the
lack of a better, and presently promises to celebrate friend of Libanius, appears among the correspond-
the arrival of “ Peace” by driving him out. (Pax, ents of Basil of Caesareia (Epist. 367, or ed. Bened.
681, 9:21, 1320. Compare further Thesmoph. 847, 328), and is mentioned by Gregory of Nazianzen
Ran. 577, and Schol. ad Plut. 1037, Equit. 851. ) with great praise (Epist. 234, or in Caillau's ed.
The influence of Nicias and Alcibiades seems to 134, written about A. D. 382). A person of the
have been too great to leave much room for Hyper- same name, and perhaps the same person, was
bolus : indeed he was, it would seem, quite inferior comes rerum privatarum a. D. 397 (Cod. Theod
in ability to Cleon. In the hope of getting rid of | 7. tit. 13. $ 12; 10. tit. 1. $ 14); and an Hypere.
;
## p. 539 (#555) ############################################
HYPERIDES.
539
HYPERIDES.
:
chius, probably also the same, is mentioned in the equipped two triremes at their own expense. (Plut.
letters of Symmachus. (Amm. Marc. xxvi. 8, l. c. p. 849, f. ; comp. Dem. de Coron. p. 259, in
with the notes of Valesius ; Libanius, Epist. 1285, Mid. p. 566. ) In the same spirit he acted on an
1286, et alibi, ed. Wolf ; Greg. Nazianz, Opera, embassy to Rhodes (Plut. l. c. p. 850, a. ), in B. C.
vol. ii. p. 113, ed. Caillau, Paris, 1840; Basil
. 346, when he, like Demosthenes, took up the
Opera, rol. iii. pars 2, p. 655, ed. Paris, 1839; prosecution against the treacherous Philocrates
Gothof. Prosop. Cod. Theodos. ; Tillemont, Hisl. (Dem. de Fals. Leg. p. 276), in the expedition
des Emp. vol. v. )
against Byzantium, in B. C. 340 (Plut. p. 848, e. ),
2.
A Greek grammarian of Alexandria, who lived and more especially in B. C. 338, after the fatal
in the time of the emperor Marcian ( A. D. 450-457), battle of Chaeronein, when Hyperides, with the
and wrote some works on grammar, severally en- view of making a desperate resisuance against
titled, 1. Τέχνη γραμματική ; 2. Περί ονομάτων ; Philip, proposed that all women and children
and 3. Depl Stuatos kal opdoypaqlas. He was should be taken to Peirneeus, that the slaves
banished by the emperor Leo I. , successor of Mar- should be emancipated, that the resident aliens
cian. (Suidas, s. 0. News ó Marémns, 'Tarepéxios ; should receive the rights of citizens, and that all
Fabr. Bibl. Gr. vol. vi. p. 370. ) (J. C. M. ) who were labouring under atimia should be restored
HYPERE'NOR ('Trephuwp), one of the Spar- to their former rights. (Lycurg. c. Leocrat. &
tae, or the men that grew up from the dragon's teeth 41 ; Dem. C. Aristog. ii. p. 803; Plut. p. 848, f. )
gown by Cadmus, was worshipped as a hero at The plan was not carried into effect, on account of
Thebes. _(Apollod. iii. 4. § 1; Paus. ix. 5. $ 1; the general despondency which then prevailed at
Hygin. Fab. 178. ) There are two other nıythical Athens, but the good intentions of Hyperides were
personages of this name, one a son of Poseidon and rewarded and acknowledged by his fellow-citizens;
Alcyone (Apollod. iii. 10. § 1), and the other a for when the sycophant Aristogeiton brought an
son of the Trojan Panthous, who was slain by accusation against him for his proposal, the people
Menelaus. (Hom. N. xiv. 516, xvii. 24. ) [L. S. ] acquitted him. Philip's death inspired the patriots
HY'PERES ('Tzéps). 1. A son of Poseidon with new hopes, and Hyperides, though we have
and Alcyone, and king of Troezene, from whom the no express testimony for it, must be supposed to
town of Hypereia derived its name. (Paus. ii. 30. have joined those who were resolved to shake off
$ 7. ) The island of Calauria, off the coast of Troe- the Macedonian yoke, and with this riew formed
zene, was likewise believed to have received from an alliance with Thebes, for he was afterwards one
him the name of Hypereia (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 19). of those whose surrender was demanded by Alex-
Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. Thepnoia) and Eusta- ander. (Arrian, Anab. i. 10. § 7. ) This danger
thius (ad Hom. pp. 291, 332) call him a son of passed over, but Hyperides was not intimidated,
Lycaon.
and he again ventured to oppose the Macedonians,
2. A son of ‘Melas and Eurycleia, who dwelt when their king demanded of the Athenians to
near the well of Hypereia near Pherae, which de- furnish him with ships for his expedition against
rived its name from him. (Schol ad Pind Pyth. iv. Persia. (Plut. p. 818, d ; comp. p. 847, c. ) The
221. )
(L. S. ) unfortunate disturbances caused by the arrival of
HYPERI'DES ('Trepelons or 'Treplôns), a ce Harpalus at Athens in B. C. 324 seem to have dis-
lebrated Attic orator, was the son of Glaucippus, turbed the friendly relation which until then had
and belonged to the Attic demus of Collytus. He existed between Hyperides and Demosthenes ; for
was a friend of Demosthenes, and with him and we find him in the equivocal position of a public
Lycurgus he was at the head of the anti-Mace accuser of Demosthenes. (Plut. p. 846, c. 848, f. ;
donian party.
His birth-year is unknown, but he Lucian, Encom. Dem. 31. ) Plutarch states that
must have been of about the same age as Lycurgus, Hyperides was found to have been the only man
who was born in B. C. 396. (Plut. Vit
. X. Orat. p. who had not received any money from Harpalus ;
848, d. ; Diog. Laërt. iii. 46. ) Throughout his and it may therefore be that he was compelled to
public career he joined the patriots with the utmost act the part of an accuser, or he may have hoped
determination and his whole soul, and remained to be able to give to the matter a more favourable
faithful to them to the last, and through all the turn for Demosthenes, by coming forward as ac-
dangers and catastrophes by which Athens was cuser. But this whole transaction is involved in
weighed down successively under Philip, Alexan- great obscurity ; all we can safely say is, that
der, and Antipater. This stedfast adherence to the about this time there was a sort of rupture between
good cause may have been owing in a great measure the two orators, but whether it existed previous to
to the influence which his friend Demosthenes and the arrival of Harpalus, or whether it was brought
Lycurgus exercised upon him, for he seems to have about by the disputes respecting Harpalus, is un-
naturally been a person of a vacillating character; certain. Afterwards, however, Hyperides and De-
and Plutarch (Lc. p. 849, d. ) states that he some mosthenes became reconciled. (Plut. p. 849, b. )
times gave way to his passions, which were not His political conduct, however, was not affected by
always of the noblest kind. (Comp. Athen. viii. the enmity with Demosthenes. When the news
p. 243, xiii. p. 590. ) In philosophy he was a of Alexander's death arrived at Athens, Hyperides
pupil of Plato (Diog. Laërt. iii
. 46), and Isocrates is said to have proposed that a crown should be
trained and developed his oratorical talent. (Athen. given to lollas, who was believed to have poisoned
viii. p. 342 ; Phot Bibl. Cod. 260, p. 487. ) He the king (Plut. p. 819, e, Aler. 77 ; Arrian,
began his career by conducting lawsuits of others Anab. vii. 27); but this account is very doubtful,
in the courts of justice. (Plut. I. c. p. 448, e. ) Our though it is certain that it was mainly owing to his
information respecting his life is very meagre, but exertions that the Lamian war was brought about
it seems that he first displayed his patriotic feelings (Plut. Phoc. 23, Vit. X. Orat. pp. 848, e, 849, b;
in B. c. 358, by the sacrifices he made for the public Justin, xii. 5), and after the death of Leosthenes,
good during the expedition against Euboea, for on he delivered the funeral oration upon those who
that occasion he and his son are said to have had fallen in the war. (Diod. xvii. 3. ) But aftes
## p. 540 (#556) ############################################
540
HYPERIDES.
HYPSAEUS.
the battle of Crannon, in B. C. 322, when all hopes | 7 ; Hermog. l. c. ; Dionys. Din. 5, 6. ) But his
bad vanished, Hyperides fled to Aegina, where he orations were distinguished above all by their ex.
was overtaken by the emissaries of Antipater, and quisite elegance and gracefulness, which were cal-
put to death in a most cruel manner. (Plut. Phoc. culated to produce a momentary rather than a
29, Dem. 28, Vit. X. Orat. p. 849; Phot. Bibl. lasting and moral impression. In his private life,
Cod. 265. )
Hyperides seems to have been less above censure
Hyperides must have appeared before the public than in his political life, for his loose conduct was
on many occasions, both in the courts of justice and attacked by Timocles and Philetaerus, two comic
in the assembly of the people. The number of poets of the time. (Athen. viii. pp. 341, 342, xiii.
orations attributed to him was seventy-seven, but p.
