Last year the that the supply of heat shall be exactly
pathies to be too practically
engaged, he coal production of the world was, roundly, administered and precisely known.
pathies to be too practically
engaged, he coal production of the world was, roundly, administered and precisely known.
Athenaeum - London - 1912a
T.
S.
Mary. '
19 Oxford Mountaineering Essays, edited by
The most remarkable of the plates
those which give views-interior and
Arnold Lunn, 5/ net. Edward Arnold 26 Through the Postern Gate : a Romance of
Sport.
exterior of Byzantine churches and monas-
Seven Days, by Mrs. Barclay, 6/
Putnams
teries in Greece (No. 8).
11 The Hunting Year, by W. Scarth Dixon,
6/ net.
Ham Smith
27 The Prelude to Adventure, by Hugh
11 X-Rays on Roulette Systems, by L. Rasch,
Walpole, 6/
Mills & Boon
General Literature.
5/ net.
Ham Smith
A Faery Land Forlorn, by Mrs. H. H.
Education.
Penrose.
Alston Rivers
Lafon (André), L'Élève Gilles, 3fr. 50.
12 The Century and the School, and Other
30 The Garden of Adam, by Alf. Brunton
Paris, Perrin Educational Essays, by Frank Louis Soldan,
Aitken, 2/ net.
John Ouseley
A simple narrative, or récit, portraying 5/6 net.
Macmillan
30 The Uncreated Man, by Austin Fryers, 6/
John Ouseley
the emotions and experiences of a French 20 Education, Areopagitica, and The Common-
school-child. Histories of this kind are apt
30 The Woman Decides, by “ Nomad," 6/
wealth, by John Milton, with Early Bio-
to be monotonous unless they are written with graphies of Milton, edited with Introduction,
John Ouseley
discrimination. M. Lafon, although he shows Notes, &c. , by L. E. Lockwood, 2/6 Harrap
General Literature.
observation and feeling, lacks the essentials for 25 Studies in German Words and their Uses, 12 Democratic England, by Percy Alden,
dealing with the particular form of expression by F. E. Hastings, 2/6
Harrap with an Introduction by Charles F. G.
he has chosen.
Political Economy.
Masterman, 6/6 net.
Macmillan
11 Irish Finance, by the Right Hon. Thomas
15 Business English and Routine, by A.
Mercer, 1/6 net.
Harrap
Fisher Unwin
Pamphlet.
Lough, Bd. net.
15 The Hungry Forties : Life under the Bread
School-Books.
Tax from the Letters of Living Witnesses,
Prix décennal Peeters-Baertsoen: Rapport pré- 15 The Struggle with the Crown (1603-1714), U o'z 1 with Introduction by Mrs. Cobden Unwin,
senté par le T. C. F. Goblet d'Alviella au nom by E. M. Wilmot-Buxton, 1/6 ; Prize Edition, Complete Penny Edition.
Fisher Unwin
du Jury chargé de décerner le Prix Peeters, 276 net.
Harrap 21 Shelley's Prose Works, 2 vols. , New Edition,
Baertsoen pour le Concours de 1899–1909. 16 Industrial and Social History Series, by St. Martin's Library. Chatto & Windus
Brussels, Havermans Katharine Elizabeth Dopp: 1. The Tree- 21 The Child of the Dawn, by Arthur C.
For notice see p. 279.
Dwellers, the Age of Hear, 1/ net; IL The Benson, 7/6 net. ppleone Smith & Elder
15
27
:
are
27
6
. .
## p. 285 (#223) ############################################
No. 4402, MARCH 9, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
285
in
6
The original work contains an account of 'INNOCENCE IN THE WILDERNESS,' by
every minister of the Church of Scotland Theodosia Lloyd, also to be published by
Literary Gossip. from 1560 to 1839, while the new edition Messrs. Chatto & Windus, seeks to illus-
will continue the succession of ministerstrate the conflict between modern ideas
We regret that in our notice last week volumes, published at the rate of one children who find their sympathies rudely
to the present day. There will be six and the loyal affection of parents and
we did not give the credit of publishing a year, and the first, devoted to the separated by the spirit of the time.
Emma Brooke's interesting novel, The
House of Robershaye,' to Messrs. Smith Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale, is now
THE military aspect of Home Rule
& Elder.
process.
has, perhaps, been rather lost sight of
At the last meeting of the Historical MR. NATHANIEL J. Hone is passing recently; but Major-General Sir Thomas
Association of Scotland it was agreed to through the press a second edition of Fraser has written a little volume in
Mr. Murray's Questions of the Day Series,
The Manor and Manorial Records' and
accept the offer made by the English
Historical Association to supply its
publi- would be glad of any additions to the which, it is hoped, will supply the defi-
cations at a reduced rate, and it was Bibliography of Manorial Literature in the ciency and provide politicians with powder
and shot.
stated at the same time that it had Appendix, in order that he may bring
LORD HALDANE has written an Intro-
made provisional arrangements for the the work up to date.
production of a series of pamphlets on
ductory Note to Germany in the Nine-
various aspects of Scottish history.
PLAIN TOWNS OF ITALY : THE CITIES teenth Century,' which will be published
OF OLD VENETIA,' by Mr. Egerton R. by the Manchester University Press. The
The complete text of the Pahlavi Williams, is a companion volume to his contents are a series of lectures-added
Dinkard, Books III. -IX. , printed for
Hill Towns of Italy,' published some to and revised by the authors-delivered
the first time from the oldest and most eight years ago. Owing to the nature of at the University: on « The Political
complete original MS. containing the the ground it covers and its wider scope, History,' by Dr. J. Holland Rose ; The
work, now in the Mulla Feroz Library the volume has involved greater labour Intellectual History,' by Prof. Herford ;
of Bombay, and from other sources, and far more time for its completion The Economic History,' by Prof. Conner ;
is to be published by the Society for than the Hill Towns. ' Messrs. Smith and 'The History of Education,' by Dr.
the Promotion of Researches into the & Elder will publish it immediately, with Sadler, Vice-Chancellor of Leeds Uni.
Zoroastrian Religion, under the super- a map and forty-eight illustrations from versity.
vision of Dhanjishah Meherjibhai Madan.
photographs.
MR. F. M. CORNFORD's theory, which he
THE COUNCIL OF TRINITY COLLEGE, In his new book The Child of the shortly to be published by Mr. Edward
sets forth in ‘From Religion to Philosophy,
CAMBRIDGE, propose to elect a Birk- Dawn,' which will be published by
beck Lecturer on Ecclesiastical History the same firm on the 21st inst. , Mr. philosophy did not, as is usually supposed,
which will be published by Arnold, is that the originators of Greek
at an early date. Applicants should send Arthur C. Benson deals, by means of an
their names to the Master of Trinity on
or before May 1st, and they should at the immortality. The book is based upon an
allegory or fantasy, with the hope of turn their backs wholly on religion, and
go direct to their own consciousness and
same time state
upon what particular
the world around them for data for an
intense belief in God and a no less intense
portions of ecclesiastical history they conviction of personal immortality
and explanation of the universe, but that at
would (if elected) propose to lecture. personal responsibility, and it aims at they in fact, though unconsciously, took
the very outset of their investigations
THE Annual General Meeting of the bringing out the fact that life is a very over certain fundamental conceptions,
Booksellers’ Provident Institution will be real pilgrimage to high and far-off things those of Nature, God, and Soul—from
held at Stationers' Hall on Thursday next from mean and sordid beginnings.
the religious system which they believed
at 7P. M. Mrs. Humphry Ward will deliver
an address at the soirée which will succeed
MESSRS. MACMILLAN & Co. have arranged
themselves to have got rid of.
the meeting.
to publish next week Democratic Eng- MR. RICHARD MARSH's latest novel,
land,' by Mr. Percy Alden, M. P. The entitled 'Violet Forster's Lover,' will be
MESSRS. KNIGHT, FRANK & RUTLEY | book, which has an Introduction by Mr. published next week by the house of
will include in next week's sale a minia- Charles F. G. Masterman, is designed to Cassell. In it the author has set forth a
ture of Dickens after the portrait by give, in a short, compact form, a general new theme, developing the baser qualities
Phillip. On the reverse of the portrait idea of the latest developments in social in a fine type of man, and showing how
the following letter, written on the office legislation.
evil environment manages to overwhelm
paper of All the Year Round, from 26,
his hero.
Wellington Street, May 4th, 1868, appears: THE same firm will begin in April MESSRS. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co.
MY DEAR BEN,—The humble individual the publication of a new and definitive
edition of the works of Mr. Thomas Letters Series Walt Whitman,' by Mr.
are adding to their American Men of
would like a Box to-night :-having heard Hardy, to be styled “- The Wessex Edi- Bliss Perry; James Russell Loweli, by
commendation of the piece you are playing. tion. " The series will be completed in
He will present himself in front to see the 20 vols. , two being issued monthly. The
Mr. Ferris Greenslet ; and
' Sidney
play, and (if quito consistent with the rules size is "demy 8vo, and each book will Lanier,' by Mr. Edward Mims.
MR. JEFFERY FARNOL has completed a
receive a pass key in the course of the contain a frontispiece in photogravure
evening.
and a map of the Wessex of the novels new novel, " The History of an Amateur
CHARLES DICKENS. and poems. "Tess of the D'Urbervilles Gentleman. ' An early story of his, My
The addressee was presumably Benjamin and “Far from the Madding Crowd ’ will Lady Caprice, has been reproduced by
Webster, the famous actor-manager who appear first, and the former will contain Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.
controlled the Haymarket Theatre. On a General Preface which the author has
THE LITERARY YEAR-Book,' will, we
the night in question there were three written for this edition.
understand, in future be published by Mr.
pieces in
the bill, Compton and
John Ouseley.
Kendal acting with Mrs. Chippendale,
THE recent effort of the National Trust
whom many aged admirers can still
to purchase for the nation the well-known MR. H. HARDINGHAM has resigned his
remember.
common of Minchinhampton lends special position at Messrs. Hutchinson's to take
interest to Miss Constance Smedley's up a partnership with Mr. H. R. Holden.
A NEW edition of Dr. Hew Scott's new novel 'Commoners' Rights,' which They will carry on a business as general
is being deals, as its title implies, with a similar publishers and exporters, under the name
revised and greatly enlarged, under the situation. The book will be published of Hardingham & Holden, at 12, York
editorship of the Rev. W. S. Crockett. I immediately by Messrs. Chatto & Windus. Buildings, Adelphi.
Ever yours,
## p. 286 (#224) ############################################
286
THE A THENÆUM
No. 4402, MARCH 9, 1912
uses in practice, whether on land or sea, of natural oil gas in the United States,
SCIENCE
in stationary or in locomotive engines. or the steadily dwindling forest areas of
The specific point of interest in the new the same continent.
volume is the value of liquid fuel in direct What, however, oil does afford in a way
power production when used in the internal that coal does not is a fuel which, on
FUEL.
combustion engine. To this point popular account of its form and its chemical and
PRODIGAL though nature may appear attention has been drawn by the trials of physical properties, is of the greatest
PRODIGAL though nature may appear the motor liner Selandia on her runs convenience for specific uses. Though
millions of square miles of desert and between Antwerp and London, as well nominally a pound of oil has not the
ocean, in piling up the diurnal tides,
as the reports of projected motor ships same steam-making power as two pounds
or in locking up the incalculable energies for the British and U. S. navies. Mr. of coal, yet in practice it is found to be
of the electron within the atom, man has Booth observes rather obviously that the equal to double the quantity of coal,
as yet devised no means of utilizing these engines proper to this purpose have in owing to the facility of regulation and the
sources of heat and power for his imme-
late years
“made great advances”; saving at various parts of the apparatus.
diate purposes.
The solar heat is helping and a more explicit description of them we must consider also — and this is a
to accumulate fuel in the natural crucibles might not have been out of place. But point of growing importance—the cutting
beneath the earth's surface ; probably his explanations of the principles of the of the losses which accumulate through
the tides are joining in the work of application of liquid fuels to purposes of useless by - products, and the rapidity
creating combustible material from the combustion have been so clearly set out with which the fuel can be converted into
earth's strata, but, before the finished in the earlier chapters that the designs effective heat. The simplest illustration is
product is available, the increasing de- of the various oil engines are easy to that afforded by the necessity of obtaining
mands on the present stores of it must grasp, and are probably more than from a boiler a large amount of steam at
drive invention to devices for its more acquaintance with them by reading about combustion can only answer the demand
sufficient for those who desire to gain short notice or for a short time. Coal
economical use.
them.
slowly; oil will do it quickly. Thus for
To those who are unacquainted with
Apart from the correctness and lucidity marine engines, or electrical work, the
the heating capacities of fuel and their of Mr. Booth's mechanical explanations, liquid fuel has evident advantages. But
adaptation to industrial purposes, there
seems always the possibility of the dis- view of the merits and the future of oil conjunction with coal, the coal doing
one may derive from him an impartial its future seems to be that of working in
covery of a new form of it. The hope
as a fuel. The coal strike into which what may be described as the spadework,
finds articulate expression in the publicar the country has floundered has given while the oil fuel supplements it with
tion of a book like The Coming of birth to other than social misconceptions. energy of high potential.
Petroleum,' illustrated by photographs of It has been said, for example, that oil For the fuller consideration of the
the “gushers,” those remarkable geysers fuel can, or may, take the place of coal. chemical aspects of the problems which
which, under the application of natural Even in quarters too well-informed to fuels suggest, the student and the engineer
million gallons over districts not always it seems almost to have been assumed Study of Fuel' competent, concise, and
give currency to a statement so ill-founded, will find Dr. Brislee's Introduction to the
prepared to receive it. Lakes
that the distribution of power by elec- extremely readable. Though mainly a
,
harrowed by the picturesque waste of tricity may redeem some of the incon- book for those who require to take up the
unnumbered barrels of it in fires which veniences caused by the shortage of the subject as part of their own professional
overtake the oil districts of Baku, of common fuel. Such ideas are illusory, activities, it has the great advantage of
Galicia, of California, of Texas, and of Electricity affords a convenient method being so written as to apply to a large
Galicia, of California, of Texas, and of of subdividing and distributing power; but number of industries where heat has to be
stimulated to the point of putting his it is not yet economical of coal. Nor is applied in specific ways. Thus, quite
money into some of the oil-seeking enter the supersession of coal by oil fuel, or, consumption or the calorific value of fuel,
there any present or future prospect of apart from the economic aspect of fuel
prises which are springing up.
in the broad sense, of anything beyond it is a matter of increasing importance
Before, however, allowing his symo reinforcement by its use.
Last year the that the supply of heat shall be exactly
pathies to be too practically
engaged, he coal production of the world was, roundly, administered and precisely known. The
might consult Mr. William Booth's well- a thousand million tons, of which the measurement of high temperatures is a
considered book on “ Liquid Fuel and its United States produced a little less than a science and almost a profession in itself.
Apparatus. ' It is not intended for in- third, and the United Kingdom a little This is an aspect of the application of heat
vestors, nor primarily for that “ genial more than a quarter. But according to of which Dr. Brislee has made a study,
omnivore,” as Huxley called him, the the generous estimate in ‘The Coming of and his chapters on it are lucid and valu-
general reader. Mr. Booth produced Petroleum' the world's output of crude able. Of more general interest is his
the first authoritative book on liquid oil is only forty-three million tons, and there consideration of the future of gaseous fuel.
fuel ten years ago ; and since then in- is very little assurance that it will be on the grounds of economy, divisibility,
vention, in the pursuit of that enduring perceptibly increased, or, indeed, per- and ease of regulation, gaseous fuels
source of profit which consists in the more manently maintained.
have advantages over either solid or
economical use of material, has made
So far as we are aware, oil is the liquid fuels. They have been suggested
such advances in the oil engine that its matured product of strata containing by Sir Oliver Lodge as the solution of
use and advantages have passed from organic material; it is possibly the residue the smoke problem of cities; and if,
the consideration of the manufacturer of marine organisms ; but it is sooner or indeed, they could be shown to be a good
to that of the public. He has therefore later exhausted in any restricted locality, deal cheaper than their solid or liquid
dealt“ in a handy form ” with the more and there is no guarantee, nor, we think, competitors, there would be no doubt
conspicuous practical points in his larger any great likelihood, that the deposits will of their future. The observations which
volume, such as those which concern be found to attain the wide distribution Dr. Brislee has to make on their applica-
the methods of obtaining oil fuel, its or plentifulness of coal. The total oil tions and increasing value in the metal-
physical and chemical properties, and its production of the world is not 5 per cent lurgical, and specially in iron and steel,
of its coal production; and as a fuel it industries, give grounds for the hope that
An Introduction to the Study of Fuel. By is to be regarded as a convenient luxury some day, reduced to cheapness by the
F. J. Brislee. (Constable & Co. )
rather than an inexhaustible gift. It pressure of industrial necessity and the
Liquid Fuel and its Apparatus. By William stands more evidently than coal in the response of invention, they may play
4. Booth. (Same publishers. )
category of fuels to be conserved ; and their part in economizing the fuel supply,
The Coming of Petroleum. (Curtis, Gardner its use suggests the same moral as that while contributing to the health and
&Co. )
furnished by the diminution in the supply convenience of the community.
are
## p. 287 (#225) ############################################
No. 4402, MARCH 9, 1912
287
THE ATHEN ÆUM
1
OF
source.
SOCIETIES.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
and shaft in order to prevent them from wearing
in grooves. The preparation and bedding of the
BRITISH ACADEMY. -Feb. 28. —The Master of bearing to the shaft were discussed, and the
Milk and the Public Health, by William
Peterhouse, President, in the chair. -Prof. F. J.
methods of lubrication and other details of the tests
G. Savage (Macmillan), sets forth the most Haverfield read his report on · Discoveries of dealt with. The results of two typical tests were
recent knowledge which we possess with Roman Remains in Britain in 1912. The report given : in the one case the temperature of the
regard to milk, the curdling of which we
dealt with the following points. The one large bearing was controlled, and in the other case it
notice in our Gossip to-day. It is a valuable
excavation has been at Corbridge, in which the was not.
book of reference for all scientific experts
principal facts are the uncovering of the western
area with its gold hoard, the dedication Soli
and administrators. In Part I. Dr. Savage
ROYAL INSTITUTION. -March 4. -The Duke of
invicto of about A. D. 103 (erased for an unknown
Northumberland, President, in the chair.
gives a summary of the facts obtained by reason), the tombstone of a Palmyrene, and much
Mr. D. H. Baird, Miss A. E. A. Baker, Commander
the various investigators on the subject of
(sadly defaced) sculpture. Other excavations of
the bacterial contamination of milk and its
importance have taken place on the Roman Wall
Virgoe Buckland, Mr. W. T. Burgess, Mr. A. J. M.
Duncan, Mr. H. A. Earle, Miss C. H. Farmer,
near Birdoswald, throwing the problem of the
relationship to disease. Part II. chiefly
Mr. P. G. C. Foster, Dr. J. A. Harker, Sir
Wall even into deeper darkness ; also at Cappuck,
concerns the laboratory worker; it gives a a Roman fort between Melrose and Cheviot; and
C. Montagu Lush, Mrs. Said Ruete, Mr. O. F.
Smith, Miss C. M. Stainton, Mr. W. A. Tait, and
detailed description of the methods em- at Casterly, a Roman-British village in Wiltshire;
ployed in the bacteriological examination
and lesser finds at other places.
Mr. B. T. Timotheieff were elected Members.
- The Chairman reported the decease of
of milk. We have never seen in any other
Lord Lister, and a resolution of condolence
book dealing with this problem such a ROYAL SOCIETY. -Feb. 29. -Sir Archibald
with the family was passed. The thanks of the
complete résumé of the necessary technique
members were returned Mr. J. C. Simpson
Geikie, President, in the chair. -Dr. Arthur
of the subject. We feel sure that this Harden and Dorothy Norris read a second paper
for his present of an original letter from Mr.
Riebau, the bookbinder to whom Faraday was
portion of the volume will prove of the
on The Bacterial Production of Acetylmethyl-
carbinol and 2:3-Butylene Glycol. ' Péré con-
apprenticed, giving some account of Faraday's
greatest value to the laboratory worker. sidered that glyceraldehyde was produced during
early life.
Part III. is concerned with the ad- the bacterial fermentation of sugars, and advanced
ministrative side of the subject, and deals
the hypothesis that all sugars undergoing such SOCIETY ENGINEERS. — March 4. – Mr.
with the powers and procedures which are
decomposition were primarily broken down to Henry C. Adams read a paper on 'The Trolley
glycerose. The authors have repeated his Vehicle System of Railless Traction. ' This
at present used, either in general or for special experiments, and find that the volatile, reducing, comparatively recent development, so far as this
purposes. The volume ends with a con- and lævo-rotatory substance which he considered country is concerned, may be described as con-
sideration of the practical and legal altera- to be glyceraldehyde is in reality acety-methyl- sisting of mechanically propelled vehicles adapted
tions which are held to be desirable. Dr.
carbinol. Hence the above hypothesis cannot be for use upon roads, and moved by electrical
Savage is to be congratulated on the manner
considered as proved. A quantitative examina- power transmitted thereto from an external
tion has been made of the products formed by the
The power is obtained from bare over-
in which he has separated the clear facts action of B. lactis aërogenes (Escherich) on glycerol head conductors ereoted and fixed in a manner
of the case from deductions and opinions under anaërobic conditions. These consist of somewhat similar to that in use for tramways,
based upon these facts.
ethyl alcohol and formic acid, comprising 60 except that, as there are no steel rails for the
It is well known that various infectious quantities of acetic, lactic, and succinic acids,
per cent of the whole, together with smaller return current, a second overhead wire is neces-
sary for the purpose. The connexion between
diseases can be communicated by milk, and 2. 3-butylene glycol, carbon dioxide, and the overhead wires and the vehicles is by means of
such as diphtheria, typhoid fever, scarlet hydrogen.
rigid trolley poles or flexible cables. Installa-
fever, and also the disease known as summer
Other papers were by Messrs. H. S. Ryland and tions have been working abroad for some years in
B. T. Lang on
diarrhea, which accounts for the high infant
An Instrument for Measuring Vienna, Dresden, Bremen, Drammen, Spezia,
the Distance between the Centres of Rotation California, and about thirty other places, there
mortality during the hot season. Autho.
of the Two Eyes'; Mr. J. F. Gemmill on 'The being 50 miles in Italy, alone. It was first
rities are agreed that in the latter case Locomotor Function of the Lantern in Echinus, definitely suggested in this country in 1902, is
the milk becomes contaminated in the with Remarks on Other Allied Lantern Activities ';. now in operation at Leeds and Bradford, and will
home. Unfortunately, the organism causing Capt. A. D. Fraser and Dr. H. L. Duke on . The shortly be working at Dundee and Rotherham.
Relation of Wild Animals to Trypanosomiasis ';
summer diarrhea has not yet been isolated;
Dr. H. L. Duke on The Transmission of Try-
the discovery of the cause would no doubt panosoma nanum (Laveran)'; and Mr. E. Š.
ARISTOTELIAN. -March 4. -Prof. G. Dawes
help us considerably to mitigate the viru- Ross on 'The Development of a Leucocytozoon
lence of this dread disease.
of Guinea-Pigs. '
Hicks, V. P. , in the chair. -Prof. R. F. A. Hoernlé
was elected a Member. -Mr. H. S. Shelton read
With regard to tuberculosis, there is
a paper entitled ' A Theory of Material Fallacies. '
The distinction between formal and material
overwhelming evidence that the cow does SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. -Feb. 29. -Dr. C. H.
communicate the disease to the human Read, President, in the chair. -Prof. J. C. Bridge
fallacies is not sufficiently emphasized. Formal
fallacies are breaches of the laws of thought, and
being. If we put aside the experiments exhibited the set of recorders or old flutes belong
correspond to
in calculation. Every
of the Royal Commission, the experience ing to the Chester Archæological Society, and
syllogistic rule implies a corresponding fallacy.
of children's hospitals goes to prove that
some old tunes were played upon them by Mr.
J. Finn. The set consiste of four instruments-
Material fallacies consist in the imperfect fitting
many cases of
of conceptual logic to concrete reality. They are
tubercular peritonitis, the treble, alto, tenor, and bass; and Dr. Bridge
meningitis, and tubercular glands are caused was of opinion that they were the instruments
always present, in greater or less degree, and
admit of no hard-and-fast classification. The
by absorption of the bovine bacillus in the
used by the town waits. A performance of some
mathematical analogy, again, is helpful. In
alimentary canal of the child.
Mary. '
19 Oxford Mountaineering Essays, edited by
The most remarkable of the plates
those which give views-interior and
Arnold Lunn, 5/ net. Edward Arnold 26 Through the Postern Gate : a Romance of
Sport.
exterior of Byzantine churches and monas-
Seven Days, by Mrs. Barclay, 6/
Putnams
teries in Greece (No. 8).
11 The Hunting Year, by W. Scarth Dixon,
6/ net.
Ham Smith
27 The Prelude to Adventure, by Hugh
11 X-Rays on Roulette Systems, by L. Rasch,
Walpole, 6/
Mills & Boon
General Literature.
5/ net.
Ham Smith
A Faery Land Forlorn, by Mrs. H. H.
Education.
Penrose.
Alston Rivers
Lafon (André), L'Élève Gilles, 3fr. 50.
12 The Century and the School, and Other
30 The Garden of Adam, by Alf. Brunton
Paris, Perrin Educational Essays, by Frank Louis Soldan,
Aitken, 2/ net.
John Ouseley
A simple narrative, or récit, portraying 5/6 net.
Macmillan
30 The Uncreated Man, by Austin Fryers, 6/
John Ouseley
the emotions and experiences of a French 20 Education, Areopagitica, and The Common-
school-child. Histories of this kind are apt
30 The Woman Decides, by “ Nomad," 6/
wealth, by John Milton, with Early Bio-
to be monotonous unless they are written with graphies of Milton, edited with Introduction,
John Ouseley
discrimination. M. Lafon, although he shows Notes, &c. , by L. E. Lockwood, 2/6 Harrap
General Literature.
observation and feeling, lacks the essentials for 25 Studies in German Words and their Uses, 12 Democratic England, by Percy Alden,
dealing with the particular form of expression by F. E. Hastings, 2/6
Harrap with an Introduction by Charles F. G.
he has chosen.
Political Economy.
Masterman, 6/6 net.
Macmillan
11 Irish Finance, by the Right Hon. Thomas
15 Business English and Routine, by A.
Mercer, 1/6 net.
Harrap
Fisher Unwin
Pamphlet.
Lough, Bd. net.
15 The Hungry Forties : Life under the Bread
School-Books.
Tax from the Letters of Living Witnesses,
Prix décennal Peeters-Baertsoen: Rapport pré- 15 The Struggle with the Crown (1603-1714), U o'z 1 with Introduction by Mrs. Cobden Unwin,
senté par le T. C. F. Goblet d'Alviella au nom by E. M. Wilmot-Buxton, 1/6 ; Prize Edition, Complete Penny Edition.
Fisher Unwin
du Jury chargé de décerner le Prix Peeters, 276 net.
Harrap 21 Shelley's Prose Works, 2 vols. , New Edition,
Baertsoen pour le Concours de 1899–1909. 16 Industrial and Social History Series, by St. Martin's Library. Chatto & Windus
Brussels, Havermans Katharine Elizabeth Dopp: 1. The Tree- 21 The Child of the Dawn, by Arthur C.
For notice see p. 279.
Dwellers, the Age of Hear, 1/ net; IL The Benson, 7/6 net. ppleone Smith & Elder
15
27
:
are
27
6
. .
## p. 285 (#223) ############################################
No. 4402, MARCH 9, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
285
in
6
The original work contains an account of 'INNOCENCE IN THE WILDERNESS,' by
every minister of the Church of Scotland Theodosia Lloyd, also to be published by
Literary Gossip. from 1560 to 1839, while the new edition Messrs. Chatto & Windus, seeks to illus-
will continue the succession of ministerstrate the conflict between modern ideas
We regret that in our notice last week volumes, published at the rate of one children who find their sympathies rudely
to the present day. There will be six and the loyal affection of parents and
we did not give the credit of publishing a year, and the first, devoted to the separated by the spirit of the time.
Emma Brooke's interesting novel, The
House of Robershaye,' to Messrs. Smith Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale, is now
THE military aspect of Home Rule
& Elder.
process.
has, perhaps, been rather lost sight of
At the last meeting of the Historical MR. NATHANIEL J. Hone is passing recently; but Major-General Sir Thomas
Association of Scotland it was agreed to through the press a second edition of Fraser has written a little volume in
Mr. Murray's Questions of the Day Series,
The Manor and Manorial Records' and
accept the offer made by the English
Historical Association to supply its
publi- would be glad of any additions to the which, it is hoped, will supply the defi-
cations at a reduced rate, and it was Bibliography of Manorial Literature in the ciency and provide politicians with powder
and shot.
stated at the same time that it had Appendix, in order that he may bring
LORD HALDANE has written an Intro-
made provisional arrangements for the the work up to date.
production of a series of pamphlets on
ductory Note to Germany in the Nine-
various aspects of Scottish history.
PLAIN TOWNS OF ITALY : THE CITIES teenth Century,' which will be published
OF OLD VENETIA,' by Mr. Egerton R. by the Manchester University Press. The
The complete text of the Pahlavi Williams, is a companion volume to his contents are a series of lectures-added
Dinkard, Books III. -IX. , printed for
Hill Towns of Italy,' published some to and revised by the authors-delivered
the first time from the oldest and most eight years ago. Owing to the nature of at the University: on « The Political
complete original MS. containing the the ground it covers and its wider scope, History,' by Dr. J. Holland Rose ; The
work, now in the Mulla Feroz Library the volume has involved greater labour Intellectual History,' by Prof. Herford ;
of Bombay, and from other sources, and far more time for its completion The Economic History,' by Prof. Conner ;
is to be published by the Society for than the Hill Towns. ' Messrs. Smith and 'The History of Education,' by Dr.
the Promotion of Researches into the & Elder will publish it immediately, with Sadler, Vice-Chancellor of Leeds Uni.
Zoroastrian Religion, under the super- a map and forty-eight illustrations from versity.
vision of Dhanjishah Meherjibhai Madan.
photographs.
MR. F. M. CORNFORD's theory, which he
THE COUNCIL OF TRINITY COLLEGE, In his new book The Child of the shortly to be published by Mr. Edward
sets forth in ‘From Religion to Philosophy,
CAMBRIDGE, propose to elect a Birk- Dawn,' which will be published by
beck Lecturer on Ecclesiastical History the same firm on the 21st inst. , Mr. philosophy did not, as is usually supposed,
which will be published by Arnold, is that the originators of Greek
at an early date. Applicants should send Arthur C. Benson deals, by means of an
their names to the Master of Trinity on
or before May 1st, and they should at the immortality. The book is based upon an
allegory or fantasy, with the hope of turn their backs wholly on religion, and
go direct to their own consciousness and
same time state
upon what particular
the world around them for data for an
intense belief in God and a no less intense
portions of ecclesiastical history they conviction of personal immortality
and explanation of the universe, but that at
would (if elected) propose to lecture. personal responsibility, and it aims at they in fact, though unconsciously, took
the very outset of their investigations
THE Annual General Meeting of the bringing out the fact that life is a very over certain fundamental conceptions,
Booksellers’ Provident Institution will be real pilgrimage to high and far-off things those of Nature, God, and Soul—from
held at Stationers' Hall on Thursday next from mean and sordid beginnings.
the religious system which they believed
at 7P. M. Mrs. Humphry Ward will deliver
an address at the soirée which will succeed
MESSRS. MACMILLAN & Co. have arranged
themselves to have got rid of.
the meeting.
to publish next week Democratic Eng- MR. RICHARD MARSH's latest novel,
land,' by Mr. Percy Alden, M. P. The entitled 'Violet Forster's Lover,' will be
MESSRS. KNIGHT, FRANK & RUTLEY | book, which has an Introduction by Mr. published next week by the house of
will include in next week's sale a minia- Charles F. G. Masterman, is designed to Cassell. In it the author has set forth a
ture of Dickens after the portrait by give, in a short, compact form, a general new theme, developing the baser qualities
Phillip. On the reverse of the portrait idea of the latest developments in social in a fine type of man, and showing how
the following letter, written on the office legislation.
evil environment manages to overwhelm
paper of All the Year Round, from 26,
his hero.
Wellington Street, May 4th, 1868, appears: THE same firm will begin in April MESSRS. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co.
MY DEAR BEN,—The humble individual the publication of a new and definitive
edition of the works of Mr. Thomas Letters Series Walt Whitman,' by Mr.
are adding to their American Men of
would like a Box to-night :-having heard Hardy, to be styled “- The Wessex Edi- Bliss Perry; James Russell Loweli, by
commendation of the piece you are playing. tion. " The series will be completed in
He will present himself in front to see the 20 vols. , two being issued monthly. The
Mr. Ferris Greenslet ; and
' Sidney
play, and (if quito consistent with the rules size is "demy 8vo, and each book will Lanier,' by Mr. Edward Mims.
MR. JEFFERY FARNOL has completed a
receive a pass key in the course of the contain a frontispiece in photogravure
evening.
and a map of the Wessex of the novels new novel, " The History of an Amateur
CHARLES DICKENS. and poems. "Tess of the D'Urbervilles Gentleman. ' An early story of his, My
The addressee was presumably Benjamin and “Far from the Madding Crowd ’ will Lady Caprice, has been reproduced by
Webster, the famous actor-manager who appear first, and the former will contain Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.
controlled the Haymarket Theatre. On a General Preface which the author has
THE LITERARY YEAR-Book,' will, we
the night in question there were three written for this edition.
understand, in future be published by Mr.
pieces in
the bill, Compton and
John Ouseley.
Kendal acting with Mrs. Chippendale,
THE recent effort of the National Trust
whom many aged admirers can still
to purchase for the nation the well-known MR. H. HARDINGHAM has resigned his
remember.
common of Minchinhampton lends special position at Messrs. Hutchinson's to take
interest to Miss Constance Smedley's up a partnership with Mr. H. R. Holden.
A NEW edition of Dr. Hew Scott's new novel 'Commoners' Rights,' which They will carry on a business as general
is being deals, as its title implies, with a similar publishers and exporters, under the name
revised and greatly enlarged, under the situation. The book will be published of Hardingham & Holden, at 12, York
editorship of the Rev. W. S. Crockett. I immediately by Messrs. Chatto & Windus. Buildings, Adelphi.
Ever yours,
## p. 286 (#224) ############################################
286
THE A THENÆUM
No. 4402, MARCH 9, 1912
uses in practice, whether on land or sea, of natural oil gas in the United States,
SCIENCE
in stationary or in locomotive engines. or the steadily dwindling forest areas of
The specific point of interest in the new the same continent.
volume is the value of liquid fuel in direct What, however, oil does afford in a way
power production when used in the internal that coal does not is a fuel which, on
FUEL.
combustion engine. To this point popular account of its form and its chemical and
PRODIGAL though nature may appear attention has been drawn by the trials of physical properties, is of the greatest
PRODIGAL though nature may appear the motor liner Selandia on her runs convenience for specific uses. Though
millions of square miles of desert and between Antwerp and London, as well nominally a pound of oil has not the
ocean, in piling up the diurnal tides,
as the reports of projected motor ships same steam-making power as two pounds
or in locking up the incalculable energies for the British and U. S. navies. Mr. of coal, yet in practice it is found to be
of the electron within the atom, man has Booth observes rather obviously that the equal to double the quantity of coal,
as yet devised no means of utilizing these engines proper to this purpose have in owing to the facility of regulation and the
sources of heat and power for his imme-
late years
“made great advances”; saving at various parts of the apparatus.
diate purposes.
The solar heat is helping and a more explicit description of them we must consider also — and this is a
to accumulate fuel in the natural crucibles might not have been out of place. But point of growing importance—the cutting
beneath the earth's surface ; probably his explanations of the principles of the of the losses which accumulate through
the tides are joining in the work of application of liquid fuels to purposes of useless by - products, and the rapidity
creating combustible material from the combustion have been so clearly set out with which the fuel can be converted into
earth's strata, but, before the finished in the earlier chapters that the designs effective heat. The simplest illustration is
product is available, the increasing de- of the various oil engines are easy to that afforded by the necessity of obtaining
mands on the present stores of it must grasp, and are probably more than from a boiler a large amount of steam at
drive invention to devices for its more acquaintance with them by reading about combustion can only answer the demand
sufficient for those who desire to gain short notice or for a short time. Coal
economical use.
them.
slowly; oil will do it quickly. Thus for
To those who are unacquainted with
Apart from the correctness and lucidity marine engines, or electrical work, the
the heating capacities of fuel and their of Mr. Booth's mechanical explanations, liquid fuel has evident advantages. But
adaptation to industrial purposes, there
seems always the possibility of the dis- view of the merits and the future of oil conjunction with coal, the coal doing
one may derive from him an impartial its future seems to be that of working in
covery of a new form of it. The hope
as a fuel. The coal strike into which what may be described as the spadework,
finds articulate expression in the publicar the country has floundered has given while the oil fuel supplements it with
tion of a book like The Coming of birth to other than social misconceptions. energy of high potential.
Petroleum,' illustrated by photographs of It has been said, for example, that oil For the fuller consideration of the
the “gushers,” those remarkable geysers fuel can, or may, take the place of coal. chemical aspects of the problems which
which, under the application of natural Even in quarters too well-informed to fuels suggest, the student and the engineer
million gallons over districts not always it seems almost to have been assumed Study of Fuel' competent, concise, and
give currency to a statement so ill-founded, will find Dr. Brislee's Introduction to the
prepared to receive it. Lakes
that the distribution of power by elec- extremely readable. Though mainly a
,
harrowed by the picturesque waste of tricity may redeem some of the incon- book for those who require to take up the
unnumbered barrels of it in fires which veniences caused by the shortage of the subject as part of their own professional
overtake the oil districts of Baku, of common fuel. Such ideas are illusory, activities, it has the great advantage of
Galicia, of California, of Texas, and of Electricity affords a convenient method being so written as to apply to a large
Galicia, of California, of Texas, and of of subdividing and distributing power; but number of industries where heat has to be
stimulated to the point of putting his it is not yet economical of coal. Nor is applied in specific ways. Thus, quite
money into some of the oil-seeking enter the supersession of coal by oil fuel, or, consumption or the calorific value of fuel,
there any present or future prospect of apart from the economic aspect of fuel
prises which are springing up.
in the broad sense, of anything beyond it is a matter of increasing importance
Before, however, allowing his symo reinforcement by its use.
Last year the that the supply of heat shall be exactly
pathies to be too practically
engaged, he coal production of the world was, roundly, administered and precisely known. The
might consult Mr. William Booth's well- a thousand million tons, of which the measurement of high temperatures is a
considered book on “ Liquid Fuel and its United States produced a little less than a science and almost a profession in itself.
Apparatus. ' It is not intended for in- third, and the United Kingdom a little This is an aspect of the application of heat
vestors, nor primarily for that “ genial more than a quarter. But according to of which Dr. Brislee has made a study,
omnivore,” as Huxley called him, the the generous estimate in ‘The Coming of and his chapters on it are lucid and valu-
general reader. Mr. Booth produced Petroleum' the world's output of crude able. Of more general interest is his
the first authoritative book on liquid oil is only forty-three million tons, and there consideration of the future of gaseous fuel.
fuel ten years ago ; and since then in- is very little assurance that it will be on the grounds of economy, divisibility,
vention, in the pursuit of that enduring perceptibly increased, or, indeed, per- and ease of regulation, gaseous fuels
source of profit which consists in the more manently maintained.
have advantages over either solid or
economical use of material, has made
So far as we are aware, oil is the liquid fuels. They have been suggested
such advances in the oil engine that its matured product of strata containing by Sir Oliver Lodge as the solution of
use and advantages have passed from organic material; it is possibly the residue the smoke problem of cities; and if,
the consideration of the manufacturer of marine organisms ; but it is sooner or indeed, they could be shown to be a good
to that of the public. He has therefore later exhausted in any restricted locality, deal cheaper than their solid or liquid
dealt“ in a handy form ” with the more and there is no guarantee, nor, we think, competitors, there would be no doubt
conspicuous practical points in his larger any great likelihood, that the deposits will of their future. The observations which
volume, such as those which concern be found to attain the wide distribution Dr. Brislee has to make on their applica-
the methods of obtaining oil fuel, its or plentifulness of coal. The total oil tions and increasing value in the metal-
physical and chemical properties, and its production of the world is not 5 per cent lurgical, and specially in iron and steel,
of its coal production; and as a fuel it industries, give grounds for the hope that
An Introduction to the Study of Fuel. By is to be regarded as a convenient luxury some day, reduced to cheapness by the
F. J. Brislee. (Constable & Co. )
rather than an inexhaustible gift. It pressure of industrial necessity and the
Liquid Fuel and its Apparatus. By William stands more evidently than coal in the response of invention, they may play
4. Booth. (Same publishers. )
category of fuels to be conserved ; and their part in economizing the fuel supply,
The Coming of Petroleum. (Curtis, Gardner its use suggests the same moral as that while contributing to the health and
&Co. )
furnished by the diminution in the supply convenience of the community.
are
## p. 287 (#225) ############################################
No. 4402, MARCH 9, 1912
287
THE ATHEN ÆUM
1
OF
source.
SOCIETIES.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
and shaft in order to prevent them from wearing
in grooves. The preparation and bedding of the
BRITISH ACADEMY. -Feb. 28. —The Master of bearing to the shaft were discussed, and the
Milk and the Public Health, by William
Peterhouse, President, in the chair. -Prof. F. J.
methods of lubrication and other details of the tests
G. Savage (Macmillan), sets forth the most Haverfield read his report on · Discoveries of dealt with. The results of two typical tests were
recent knowledge which we possess with Roman Remains in Britain in 1912. The report given : in the one case the temperature of the
regard to milk, the curdling of which we
dealt with the following points. The one large bearing was controlled, and in the other case it
notice in our Gossip to-day. It is a valuable
excavation has been at Corbridge, in which the was not.
book of reference for all scientific experts
principal facts are the uncovering of the western
area with its gold hoard, the dedication Soli
and administrators. In Part I. Dr. Savage
ROYAL INSTITUTION. -March 4. -The Duke of
invicto of about A. D. 103 (erased for an unknown
Northumberland, President, in the chair.
gives a summary of the facts obtained by reason), the tombstone of a Palmyrene, and much
Mr. D. H. Baird, Miss A. E. A. Baker, Commander
the various investigators on the subject of
(sadly defaced) sculpture. Other excavations of
the bacterial contamination of milk and its
importance have taken place on the Roman Wall
Virgoe Buckland, Mr. W. T. Burgess, Mr. A. J. M.
Duncan, Mr. H. A. Earle, Miss C. H. Farmer,
near Birdoswald, throwing the problem of the
relationship to disease. Part II. chiefly
Mr. P. G. C. Foster, Dr. J. A. Harker, Sir
Wall even into deeper darkness ; also at Cappuck,
concerns the laboratory worker; it gives a a Roman fort between Melrose and Cheviot; and
C. Montagu Lush, Mrs. Said Ruete, Mr. O. F.
Smith, Miss C. M. Stainton, Mr. W. A. Tait, and
detailed description of the methods em- at Casterly, a Roman-British village in Wiltshire;
ployed in the bacteriological examination
and lesser finds at other places.
Mr. B. T. Timotheieff were elected Members.
- The Chairman reported the decease of
of milk. We have never seen in any other
Lord Lister, and a resolution of condolence
book dealing with this problem such a ROYAL SOCIETY. -Feb. 29. -Sir Archibald
with the family was passed. The thanks of the
complete résumé of the necessary technique
members were returned Mr. J. C. Simpson
Geikie, President, in the chair. -Dr. Arthur
of the subject. We feel sure that this Harden and Dorothy Norris read a second paper
for his present of an original letter from Mr.
Riebau, the bookbinder to whom Faraday was
portion of the volume will prove of the
on The Bacterial Production of Acetylmethyl-
carbinol and 2:3-Butylene Glycol. ' Péré con-
apprenticed, giving some account of Faraday's
greatest value to the laboratory worker. sidered that glyceraldehyde was produced during
early life.
Part III. is concerned with the ad- the bacterial fermentation of sugars, and advanced
ministrative side of the subject, and deals
the hypothesis that all sugars undergoing such SOCIETY ENGINEERS. — March 4. – Mr.
with the powers and procedures which are
decomposition were primarily broken down to Henry C. Adams read a paper on 'The Trolley
glycerose. The authors have repeated his Vehicle System of Railless Traction. ' This
at present used, either in general or for special experiments, and find that the volatile, reducing, comparatively recent development, so far as this
purposes. The volume ends with a con- and lævo-rotatory substance which he considered country is concerned, may be described as con-
sideration of the practical and legal altera- to be glyceraldehyde is in reality acety-methyl- sisting of mechanically propelled vehicles adapted
tions which are held to be desirable. Dr.
carbinol. Hence the above hypothesis cannot be for use upon roads, and moved by electrical
Savage is to be congratulated on the manner
considered as proved. A quantitative examina- power transmitted thereto from an external
tion has been made of the products formed by the
The power is obtained from bare over-
in which he has separated the clear facts action of B. lactis aërogenes (Escherich) on glycerol head conductors ereoted and fixed in a manner
of the case from deductions and opinions under anaërobic conditions. These consist of somewhat similar to that in use for tramways,
based upon these facts.
ethyl alcohol and formic acid, comprising 60 except that, as there are no steel rails for the
It is well known that various infectious quantities of acetic, lactic, and succinic acids,
per cent of the whole, together with smaller return current, a second overhead wire is neces-
sary for the purpose. The connexion between
diseases can be communicated by milk, and 2. 3-butylene glycol, carbon dioxide, and the overhead wires and the vehicles is by means of
such as diphtheria, typhoid fever, scarlet hydrogen.
rigid trolley poles or flexible cables. Installa-
fever, and also the disease known as summer
Other papers were by Messrs. H. S. Ryland and tions have been working abroad for some years in
B. T. Lang on
diarrhea, which accounts for the high infant
An Instrument for Measuring Vienna, Dresden, Bremen, Drammen, Spezia,
the Distance between the Centres of Rotation California, and about thirty other places, there
mortality during the hot season. Autho.
of the Two Eyes'; Mr. J. F. Gemmill on 'The being 50 miles in Italy, alone. It was first
rities are agreed that in the latter case Locomotor Function of the Lantern in Echinus, definitely suggested in this country in 1902, is
the milk becomes contaminated in the with Remarks on Other Allied Lantern Activities ';. now in operation at Leeds and Bradford, and will
home. Unfortunately, the organism causing Capt. A. D. Fraser and Dr. H. L. Duke on . The shortly be working at Dundee and Rotherham.
Relation of Wild Animals to Trypanosomiasis ';
summer diarrhea has not yet been isolated;
Dr. H. L. Duke on The Transmission of Try-
the discovery of the cause would no doubt panosoma nanum (Laveran)'; and Mr. E. Š.
ARISTOTELIAN. -March 4. -Prof. G. Dawes
help us considerably to mitigate the viru- Ross on 'The Development of a Leucocytozoon
lence of this dread disease.
of Guinea-Pigs. '
Hicks, V. P. , in the chair. -Prof. R. F. A. Hoernlé
was elected a Member. -Mr. H. S. Shelton read
With regard to tuberculosis, there is
a paper entitled ' A Theory of Material Fallacies. '
The distinction between formal and material
overwhelming evidence that the cow does SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. -Feb. 29. -Dr. C. H.
communicate the disease to the human Read, President, in the chair. -Prof. J. C. Bridge
fallacies is not sufficiently emphasized. Formal
fallacies are breaches of the laws of thought, and
being. If we put aside the experiments exhibited the set of recorders or old flutes belong
correspond to
in calculation. Every
of the Royal Commission, the experience ing to the Chester Archæological Society, and
syllogistic rule implies a corresponding fallacy.
of children's hospitals goes to prove that
some old tunes were played upon them by Mr.
J. Finn. The set consiste of four instruments-
Material fallacies consist in the imperfect fitting
many cases of
of conceptual logic to concrete reality. They are
tubercular peritonitis, the treble, alto, tenor, and bass; and Dr. Bridge
meningitis, and tubercular glands are caused was of opinion that they were the instruments
always present, in greater or less degree, and
admit of no hard-and-fast classification. The
by absorption of the bovine bacillus in the
used by the town waits. A performance of some
mathematical analogy, again, is helpful. In
alimentary canal of the child.
