When that prince was murdered by and there executed, no one
appearing
to give evi-
the soldiers at Sirmium in A.
the soldiers at Sirmium in A.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
ap.
Cic.
hostile feeling, than allayed it.
The result was an
ad Fam. xii. 11. )
open war between the Carthaginians and Masi-
CA'RTHALÓ (Kaplánwv). 1. A commander nissa. When at length the Romans began to
of the Carthaginian fleet in the first Punic war, make preparations for the third Punic war, the
who was sent by his colleague Adherbal, in B. C. Carthaginians endeavoured to conciliate the Ro-
249, to burn the Roman fleet, which was riding mans by condemning to death the authors of the
at anchor off Lilybaeum. While Carthalo was war with Masinissa ; and Carthalo was accordingly
engaged in this enterprise, Himilco, the governor executed. (Appian, de Bell. Pun. 63, 74. ) [L. S. )
of Lily baeum, who perceived that the Roman CARTI'LIUS, an early Roman jurist, who
army on land was anxious to afford their support probably lived not later than the time of Caligula,
to the fleet, sent out his mercenaries against the as in Dig. 28, tit. 5, s. 69, he is cited by Proculus,
Roman troops, and Carthalo endeavoured to draw who adopts his opinion in the case in question in
the Roman fleet into an engagement. The latter, preference to that of Trebatius. The case was
however, withdrew to a town on the coast and this-Let A or B, whichever wishes, be my heir.
prepared themselves for defence. Carthalo was They both wish. Cartilius says, Both take: Tre-
repulsed with some loss, and after having taken a batius, Neither. In Dig. 13, tit. 6, s. 5, $ 13, he
few transports, he retreated to the nearest river, is cited by Ulpian. It was Ant. Augustinus who
and watched the Romans as they sailed away (Einend. 3, 9) first brought these passages into
from the coast. When the consul L. Junius Pul- notice, and rescued the name of Cartilius from ob-
lus, on his return from Syracuse, bad doubled livion. In the former passage the Haloandrine edi-
Pachynum, he ordered his feet to sail towards tions of the Digest have Carfilius, and, in the
Lilybaeum, not knowing what had happened to latter, an early corrector of the Florentine manu-
those whom he had sent before him. Carthalo script, not being familiar with the name Cartilius,
informed of his approach, immediately sailed out enclosed it in brackets as a mark of condeinnation.
against bim, in order to meet him before he could The jurist Cartilius is evidently different from
join the other part of the fleet. Pullus fied for the Catilius, not Cartilius Severus, who was prae-
refuge to a rocky and dangerous part of the sea, positus Syriae, praefectus urbi, and great-grand-
where Carthalo did not venture to attack him ; father of the emperor M. Antoninus. (Plin. En.
but he took his station at a place between the i. 22 ; ii. 12 ; Spart. Hadr. 5, 15, 22 ; Capitol.
two Roman fleets to watch them and prerent their Anton. Pius 2 ; M. Ant. 1 ; Dion Cass. ix. 21. ) The
joining. Soon after a fearful storm arose which name of this Catilius appears in the Fasti, A. D.
destroyed the whole of the Roman fleet, while the | 121, as consul for the second time, three years after
Carthaginians, who were better sailors, had sought the death of Trajan. His first consulate does not
a safe place of refuge before the storm broke out. appear in the Fasti, and therefore it may be in-
(Polyb. i. 53, 54. )
ferred that he was consul suffectus. If the rescript
2. The Carthaginian commander of the cavalry of Trajan, cited Dig. 29, tit. 1, s. 24, were ad-
in the army of Hannibal. In B. c. 217, he fought dressed, according to the Haloandrine reading, to
against L. Hostilius Mancinus, in the neighbour- Catilius Severus, it is probably referable to the
hood of Casilinum, and put him to flight. The time of the proconsulate succeeding his first consul-
Romans, under Mancinus, who were merely a re- ship. (Bertrandus, 2, 22, 1. Maiansius, ii. p.
connoitering band which had been sent out by 273--287. )
[J. T. G. )
the dictator, Q. Fabius, at last resolved to make CARTIMANDUA, or CARTISMANDUA,
a stand against the enemy, but nearly all of them queen of the Brigantes in Britain, about A. D. 50,
were cut to pieces. This Carthalo' is probably in which year she treacherously delivered up to
the noble Carthaginian of the same name, whom the Romans Caractacus, who had come to seek her
## p. 617 (#637) ############################################
CARUS.
617
CARUS.
The
a
TESTER
protection. By this act of treachery towards her of the troops was confirmed by the senate. The
own countrymen, she won the favour of the Ro- new ruler, soon after his accession, gained a victory
mans, and increased her power. Hence, says over the Sarmatians, who had invaded Illyricum
Tacitus, arose wealth and luxury, and Cartimandua and were threatening Thrace and even Italy itself.
repudiated her own husband Venutius to share her Having conferred the title of Caesar upon both his
bed and throne with Vellocatus, the arm-bearer of her sons, he nominated Carinus, the elder, governor of
husband. This threw her state into a civil war, a all the Western provinces, and, accompanied by
portion of her people supporting Venutius against the Numerianus, the younger, set out upon an expedi-
adulterer. Venutius collected an army of auxiliaries, tion against the Persians which had been planned
defeated the Brigantes, and reduced Cartimandua by his predecessor. The campaign which followed
to the last extremity. She solicited the aid of the was most glorious for the Roman arms.
Romans, who rescued her from her danger; but enemy, distracted by internal dissensions, were
Venutius remained in possession of her kingdom, unable to oppose a vigorous resistance to the in-
A. D. 69. (Tac. Ann. xii. 36, 49, Hist. iii. 45. ) [L. S. ] vaders. All Mesopotamia was quickly occupied,
CARVI'LIA GENS, plebeian, came into dis- -Seleucia and Ctesiphon were forced to yield.
tinction during the Samnite wars. The first mem- But the career of Carus, who was preparing to
ber of the gens who obtained the consulship was push his conquests beyond the Tigris, was suddenly
Sp. Carvilius in B. c. 293, who received the sur-cut short, for he perished by disease, or treachery,
name of MAXIMUS, which was handed down as a or, as the ancient historians commonly report, by
regular family-name. For those whose cognomen a stroke of lightning, towards the close of 283,
is not mentioned, see CARVILIUS.
after a reign of little more than sixteen months.
The following coin is referred to this gens, and The account of his death, transmitted by his secre-
the three names upon it, Car. OgVL. Ver. , are tary Junius Calphurnius to the praefect of the
those of three triumvirs of the mint.
city, is so confused and mysterious that we can
scarcely avoid the surmise that his end was has-
tened by foul play, and suspicion has rested upon
Arrius Aper, who was afterwards put to death by
Diocletian on the charge of having murdered Nu-
merianus.
CAR.
According to the picture drawn by the Augustan
historian, Carus held a middle rank between those
preeminent in virtue or in vice, being neither very
bad nor very good, but rather good than bad.
CARVI’LIUS. 1. and 2. L. CARVILIUS and His character undoubtedly stood high before his
SP. CARVILIUS, tribunes of the plebs B. C. 212, elevation to the throne: no credit is to be attached
accused M. Postumius. [POSTUMIUS. ) (Liv. xxv. 3. ) to the rumour that he was accessary to the death
3. Sp. CARVILIUS, was sent by Cn. Şicinius to of his benefactor, Probus, whose murderers he
Rome in B. c. 171, when Perseus despatched an sought out and punished with the sternest justice,
embassy to the senate. When the senate ordered and the short period of his sway was unstained
the ambassadors to quit Italy within eleven days, by any great crime. But the atrocities of Carinus
Carvilius was appointed to keep watch over them, threw a shade over the memory of his father,
till they embarked on board their ships. (Liv. xlii. whom men could not forgive for having bequeathed
36. )
his power to such a son. (Vopisc. Carus; Aurel.
4. C. CARVILIUS of Spoletium, negotiated on Vict. Caes. xxxviii. , Epit. xxxviii. ; Zonar. xii. 30 ;
behalf of the Roman garrison the surrender of Eutrop. ix. 12. )
(W. R. ]
Uscana, a town of the Penestae, to Perseus in B. C.
169. (Liv. xliii. 18, 19. )
CAÐUS, a Roman poet, and a contemporary of
Ovid, who appears to have written a poem on
Hercules. (Ovid, Epist. ex Pont. iv. 16. 7. )
CARUS, M. AURELIUS, according to Victor,
whose account is confirmed by Sidonius Apolli-
naris and Zonaras, was a native of Narbonne in
Gaul; but Vopiscus professes to be unable to speak
with certainty either of his lineage or birth-place,
and quotes the conflicting statements of older CARUS, JU'LIUS, one of the murderers of T.
authorities, who variously represented that he was Vinius when Galba was put to death in a. D. 69.
born at Milan; or in Illyria, of Carthaginian ances- (Tac. Hist. i. 42. )
tors; or in the metropolis, of Illyrian parents. He CARUS, ME'TIUS, one of the most infamous
himself undoubtedly claimed Roman descent, as informers under Domitian. (Tac. Agric. 45; Juv.
appears from a letter addressed by him when pro- i. 36 ; Martial, xii. 25; Plin. Ep. i. 5, vii. 19, 27. )
consul of Cilicia to his legate Junius, but this is CA'RUS, SEIUS, son of Fascianus, at one
not inconsistent with the supposition that he may time praefectus urbi, was put to death by Elaga-
have belonged to some city which was also a balus under the pretext that he had stirred up a
colony. After passing through many different mutiny among some of the soldiers quartered in
stages of civil and military preferment, he was ap- the camp under the Alban Mount, but in reality
pointed praefect of the praetorians by Probus, who because he was rich, elevated in station, and high
entertained the highest respect for his talents and in intellect. He was brought to trial in the palace
integrity.
When that prince was murdered by and there executed, no one appearing to give evi-
the soldiers at Sirmium in A. D. 282, Carus was dence against him except his accuser the emperor.
unanimously hailed as itis successor, and the choice | (Dion Cass. lxxix. 4. )
[W. R. ]
ARUS
MAYRO
<
5
MP
FAVC.
## p. 618 (#638) ############################################
618
CASCA.
CASCELLIUS.
CARYA'TIS (Kapuśtis), a surname of Artemis, The foregoing coin of the Servilia gens belongs.
derived from the town of Caryae in Laconia. either to No. 2 or No. 3; it contains on the obverse
Here the statue of the goddess stood in the open the head of Neptune, and on the reverse a figure
air, and maidens celebrated a festival to her every of Victory.
(L. S. ]
year with dances. (Paus. ii. 10. § 8, iv. 16. § 5; A. CASCE'LLIUS, an eminent Roman jurist,
Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. viii. 30. ) (L. S. ) contemporary with Trebatius, whom he exceeded
CARY'STIUS, ANTIÖGONUS. (ANTIGONUS in eloquence, though Trebatius surpassed him in
of CarystUS. )
legal skill. Their contempomry, Ofilius, the dis
CARY'STIUS(Kapúotios), a Greek grammarian ciple of Servius Sulpicius, was more learned than
of Pergamus, who lived after the time of Nicander either. Cascellius, according to Pliny the Elder
(Athen. xv. p. 684), and conscquently about the (H. N. viii. 40), was the disciple of one Volcatius,
end of the second century B. C. He is mentioned as who, on a certain occasion, was saved by a dog
the author of several works : 1. 'lotopika Tou from the attack of robbers. Pomponius (Dig. 1,
vnuata, sometimes also called simply úmouvnuara, tit. 2, s. 2, $ 45), according to the Florentine ma-
an historical work of which great use was made by nuscript, writes thus—“ Fuit Cascellius, Mucius,
Athenaeus, who has preserved a considerable num- Volusii auditor: denique in illius honorem testa-
ber of statements from it. (i. p. 24, x. p. 434, &c. , mento P. Mucium nepotem ejus reliquit heredem. ”
xi pp. 506, 508, xii. pp. 542, 548, xiii. p. 577, xiv. This may be understood to mean that, at the end
p. 639; comp. Schol. ad Aristopli
. Ar. 575, ad of a long life, Cascellius made the grandson of his
Theocrit
. xiii. 22. ) It must have consisted of at fellow-pupil his heir, but a man is more likely to
least three books, as the third is referred to by honour his praeceptor than his fellow-pupil, and, on
Athenaeus. 2. Tepi didackalwv, that is, an ac- this construction, the Latinity is harsh, both in
count of the Greek dramas, of the time and place the use of the singular for the plural, and in the
of their performance, of their success, and the like. reference of the word illius to the former of the
(Athen. vi. p. 233; the Greek Life of Sophocles,) two names, Mucius and Volusius, which are con-
3. Tepi Ewrádov, or a commentary on the poet nected merely by collocation. Hence the con-
Sotades. (Athen. xiv. p. 620. ) All these works jectural reading of Balduinus adopted by Bertran-
are lost.
(L. S. ] dus (de Vitis Jurisp. 2, 19), viz. “ Fuit Cascellius
CARYSTUS (Kápvotos), a son of Cheiron and Mucii et Volcatii auditor," has gained the approba-
Chariclo, from whom the town of Carystus in. tion of many critics.
Euboea was believed to bave derived its name. Cascellius was a man of stern republican princi-
(Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iv. 181; Eustath. ad Hom. ples : of Caesar's proceedings he spoke with the
p. 281. )
[L. S. ] utmost freedom. Neither hope nor fear could
CASCA, the name of a plebeian family of the induce him, B. C. 41, to compose legal forms for the
donations of the triumvirs, the fruits of their pro-
1. C. SERVILIUS Casca, was tribune of the scriptions, which be looked upon as wholly irregu-
plebs in B. c. 212. In that year M. Postumius, lar and illegal. His independence and liberty of
a farmer of the public revenue, and a relation of speech he ascribed to two things, which most men
Casca, was accused of baving defrauded the regarded as misfortunes, old age and childlessness.
republic, and his only hope of escaping condemna- In offices of honour, he never advanced beyond the
tion was Casca, who, however, was either too first step, the quaestorship, though he survived to
honest or too timid to interpose on his behalf. the reign of Augustus, who offered him the con-
(Liv. xxv. 3. )
sulship, which he declined. (Val. Max. vi. 2, §
2. P. Servilius Casca, one of the conspirators 12, Dig. I. c. )
against Caesar, who aimed the first stroke at his Cascellius is frequently quoted at second hand in
assassination, B. C. 44. He was in that year tribune the Digest, especially by Javolenus. In Dig. 35,
of the plebs, and soon afterwards fied from Rome, tit. 1, s. 40, s. ), and 32, s. 100, ¢ 1, we find him
as he anticipated the revenge which Octavianus differing from Ofilius. In the latter passage, the
was going to take. His leaving Rome as tribune case proposed was this :-A man leaves by will
was against the constitution, and his colleague, two specific marble statues, and all his marble.
P. Titius, accordingly carried a decree in the as-
Do his other marble statues pass ? Cascellius
sembly of the people, by which he was deprived of thought not, and Labeo agreed with him, in oppo-
his tribuneship. He fought in the battle of Phi- sition to Ofilius and Trebatius.
lippi, and died shortly afterwards. (Appian B. C. In Dig. 38, tit. 5, 6. 17, § 5, the following
ii. 113, 115, 117; Dion Cass. xliv. 52, xlvi. 49; words occur in a quotation from Ulpian, “ Labeo
Cic. Philipp. xiii. 15, ad Att. i. 17, ad Brut. i. 18; quarto Posteriorum scripsit, nec Arisio, vel Aulus,
Plut. Brut. 17, 45. )
utpote probabile, notant. ” For Aulus here it is
3. C. Servilius Casca, a brother of the pre- not unlikely that Paulus ought to be read, for Cas-
ceding, and a friend of Caesar, notwithstanding cellius is no where else in the Digest called Aulus
which he was likewise one of the conspirators simply. Moreover, he was of older standing than
against the life of the dictator. (Appian, B. C. Labeo, and the only work of Cascellius extant in
ii. 113; Plut. Caes. 66; Suet. Caes. 82; Dion the time of Pomponius (who was anterior to UI-
Cass. xliv. 52; Cic. Philipp. ii. 11. )
pian), was a book of legal bons mots (bencdictorum
liber).
In conversation, Cascellius was graceful, amusing,
and witty. Several of his good sayings are pre-
served. When a client, wishing to sever a part-
nership in a ship, said to him, “ Navem dividere
volo," his answer was, “ You will destroy your
ship. ” He probably remembered the story of the
analogous quibble on the words of a treaty, which,
Servilia gens.
CAS
## p. 619 (#639) ############################################
CASPERIUS.
619
CASSANDER.
to the disgrace of the Romans, deprived Antiochus in Armenian and Corbulo sent him as ambassador
the Great of his whole fleet. Vatinius, an un- to Vologeses to expostulate with him respecting
popular personage, for whom it is to be presumed his conduct. (Tac. Ann. xii. 45, xv. 5. ) (L. S. )
that Cascellius had no great liking, had been pelted CASPEʻRIUS AELIA'NUS. (AELIANUS. ]
with stones at a gladiatorial show, and consequently CASSANDA'NE (Κασσανδάνη), a Persian
got a clause inserted in the edict of the aediles, lady of the family of the Achaemenidae, daughter
ne quis in arenam nisi pomum mitteret.
ad Fam. xii. 11. )
open war between the Carthaginians and Masi-
CA'RTHALÓ (Kaplánwv). 1. A commander nissa. When at length the Romans began to
of the Carthaginian fleet in the first Punic war, make preparations for the third Punic war, the
who was sent by his colleague Adherbal, in B. C. Carthaginians endeavoured to conciliate the Ro-
249, to burn the Roman fleet, which was riding mans by condemning to death the authors of the
at anchor off Lilybaeum. While Carthalo was war with Masinissa ; and Carthalo was accordingly
engaged in this enterprise, Himilco, the governor executed. (Appian, de Bell. Pun. 63, 74. ) [L. S. )
of Lily baeum, who perceived that the Roman CARTI'LIUS, an early Roman jurist, who
army on land was anxious to afford their support probably lived not later than the time of Caligula,
to the fleet, sent out his mercenaries against the as in Dig. 28, tit. 5, s. 69, he is cited by Proculus,
Roman troops, and Carthalo endeavoured to draw who adopts his opinion in the case in question in
the Roman fleet into an engagement. The latter, preference to that of Trebatius. The case was
however, withdrew to a town on the coast and this-Let A or B, whichever wishes, be my heir.
prepared themselves for defence. Carthalo was They both wish. Cartilius says, Both take: Tre-
repulsed with some loss, and after having taken a batius, Neither. In Dig. 13, tit. 6, s. 5, $ 13, he
few transports, he retreated to the nearest river, is cited by Ulpian. It was Ant. Augustinus who
and watched the Romans as they sailed away (Einend. 3, 9) first brought these passages into
from the coast. When the consul L. Junius Pul- notice, and rescued the name of Cartilius from ob-
lus, on his return from Syracuse, bad doubled livion. In the former passage the Haloandrine edi-
Pachynum, he ordered his feet to sail towards tions of the Digest have Carfilius, and, in the
Lilybaeum, not knowing what had happened to latter, an early corrector of the Florentine manu-
those whom he had sent before him. Carthalo script, not being familiar with the name Cartilius,
informed of his approach, immediately sailed out enclosed it in brackets as a mark of condeinnation.
against bim, in order to meet him before he could The jurist Cartilius is evidently different from
join the other part of the fleet. Pullus fied for the Catilius, not Cartilius Severus, who was prae-
refuge to a rocky and dangerous part of the sea, positus Syriae, praefectus urbi, and great-grand-
where Carthalo did not venture to attack him ; father of the emperor M. Antoninus. (Plin. En.
but he took his station at a place between the i. 22 ; ii. 12 ; Spart. Hadr. 5, 15, 22 ; Capitol.
two Roman fleets to watch them and prerent their Anton. Pius 2 ; M. Ant. 1 ; Dion Cass. ix. 21. ) The
joining. Soon after a fearful storm arose which name of this Catilius appears in the Fasti, A. D.
destroyed the whole of the Roman fleet, while the | 121, as consul for the second time, three years after
Carthaginians, who were better sailors, had sought the death of Trajan. His first consulate does not
a safe place of refuge before the storm broke out. appear in the Fasti, and therefore it may be in-
(Polyb. i. 53, 54. )
ferred that he was consul suffectus. If the rescript
2. The Carthaginian commander of the cavalry of Trajan, cited Dig. 29, tit. 1, s. 24, were ad-
in the army of Hannibal. In B. c. 217, he fought dressed, according to the Haloandrine reading, to
against L. Hostilius Mancinus, in the neighbour- Catilius Severus, it is probably referable to the
hood of Casilinum, and put him to flight. The time of the proconsulate succeeding his first consul-
Romans, under Mancinus, who were merely a re- ship. (Bertrandus, 2, 22, 1. Maiansius, ii. p.
connoitering band which had been sent out by 273--287. )
[J. T. G. )
the dictator, Q. Fabius, at last resolved to make CARTIMANDUA, or CARTISMANDUA,
a stand against the enemy, but nearly all of them queen of the Brigantes in Britain, about A. D. 50,
were cut to pieces. This Carthalo' is probably in which year she treacherously delivered up to
the noble Carthaginian of the same name, whom the Romans Caractacus, who had come to seek her
## p. 617 (#637) ############################################
CARUS.
617
CARUS.
The
a
TESTER
protection. By this act of treachery towards her of the troops was confirmed by the senate. The
own countrymen, she won the favour of the Ro- new ruler, soon after his accession, gained a victory
mans, and increased her power. Hence, says over the Sarmatians, who had invaded Illyricum
Tacitus, arose wealth and luxury, and Cartimandua and were threatening Thrace and even Italy itself.
repudiated her own husband Venutius to share her Having conferred the title of Caesar upon both his
bed and throne with Vellocatus, the arm-bearer of her sons, he nominated Carinus, the elder, governor of
husband. This threw her state into a civil war, a all the Western provinces, and, accompanied by
portion of her people supporting Venutius against the Numerianus, the younger, set out upon an expedi-
adulterer. Venutius collected an army of auxiliaries, tion against the Persians which had been planned
defeated the Brigantes, and reduced Cartimandua by his predecessor. The campaign which followed
to the last extremity. She solicited the aid of the was most glorious for the Roman arms.
Romans, who rescued her from her danger; but enemy, distracted by internal dissensions, were
Venutius remained in possession of her kingdom, unable to oppose a vigorous resistance to the in-
A. D. 69. (Tac. Ann. xii. 36, 49, Hist. iii. 45. ) [L. S. ] vaders. All Mesopotamia was quickly occupied,
CARVI'LIA GENS, plebeian, came into dis- -Seleucia and Ctesiphon were forced to yield.
tinction during the Samnite wars. The first mem- But the career of Carus, who was preparing to
ber of the gens who obtained the consulship was push his conquests beyond the Tigris, was suddenly
Sp. Carvilius in B. c. 293, who received the sur-cut short, for he perished by disease, or treachery,
name of MAXIMUS, which was handed down as a or, as the ancient historians commonly report, by
regular family-name. For those whose cognomen a stroke of lightning, towards the close of 283,
is not mentioned, see CARVILIUS.
after a reign of little more than sixteen months.
The following coin is referred to this gens, and The account of his death, transmitted by his secre-
the three names upon it, Car. OgVL. Ver. , are tary Junius Calphurnius to the praefect of the
those of three triumvirs of the mint.
city, is so confused and mysterious that we can
scarcely avoid the surmise that his end was has-
tened by foul play, and suspicion has rested upon
Arrius Aper, who was afterwards put to death by
Diocletian on the charge of having murdered Nu-
merianus.
CAR.
According to the picture drawn by the Augustan
historian, Carus held a middle rank between those
preeminent in virtue or in vice, being neither very
bad nor very good, but rather good than bad.
CARVI’LIUS. 1. and 2. L. CARVILIUS and His character undoubtedly stood high before his
SP. CARVILIUS, tribunes of the plebs B. C. 212, elevation to the throne: no credit is to be attached
accused M. Postumius. [POSTUMIUS. ) (Liv. xxv. 3. ) to the rumour that he was accessary to the death
3. Sp. CARVILIUS, was sent by Cn. Şicinius to of his benefactor, Probus, whose murderers he
Rome in B. c. 171, when Perseus despatched an sought out and punished with the sternest justice,
embassy to the senate. When the senate ordered and the short period of his sway was unstained
the ambassadors to quit Italy within eleven days, by any great crime. But the atrocities of Carinus
Carvilius was appointed to keep watch over them, threw a shade over the memory of his father,
till they embarked on board their ships. (Liv. xlii. whom men could not forgive for having bequeathed
36. )
his power to such a son. (Vopisc. Carus; Aurel.
4. C. CARVILIUS of Spoletium, negotiated on Vict. Caes. xxxviii. , Epit. xxxviii. ; Zonar. xii. 30 ;
behalf of the Roman garrison the surrender of Eutrop. ix. 12. )
(W. R. ]
Uscana, a town of the Penestae, to Perseus in B. C.
169. (Liv. xliii. 18, 19. )
CAÐUS, a Roman poet, and a contemporary of
Ovid, who appears to have written a poem on
Hercules. (Ovid, Epist. ex Pont. iv. 16. 7. )
CARUS, M. AURELIUS, according to Victor,
whose account is confirmed by Sidonius Apolli-
naris and Zonaras, was a native of Narbonne in
Gaul; but Vopiscus professes to be unable to speak
with certainty either of his lineage or birth-place,
and quotes the conflicting statements of older CARUS, JU'LIUS, one of the murderers of T.
authorities, who variously represented that he was Vinius when Galba was put to death in a. D. 69.
born at Milan; or in Illyria, of Carthaginian ances- (Tac. Hist. i. 42. )
tors; or in the metropolis, of Illyrian parents. He CARUS, ME'TIUS, one of the most infamous
himself undoubtedly claimed Roman descent, as informers under Domitian. (Tac. Agric. 45; Juv.
appears from a letter addressed by him when pro- i. 36 ; Martial, xii. 25; Plin. Ep. i. 5, vii. 19, 27. )
consul of Cilicia to his legate Junius, but this is CA'RUS, SEIUS, son of Fascianus, at one
not inconsistent with the supposition that he may time praefectus urbi, was put to death by Elaga-
have belonged to some city which was also a balus under the pretext that he had stirred up a
colony. After passing through many different mutiny among some of the soldiers quartered in
stages of civil and military preferment, he was ap- the camp under the Alban Mount, but in reality
pointed praefect of the praetorians by Probus, who because he was rich, elevated in station, and high
entertained the highest respect for his talents and in intellect. He was brought to trial in the palace
integrity.
When that prince was murdered by and there executed, no one appearing to give evi-
the soldiers at Sirmium in A. D. 282, Carus was dence against him except his accuser the emperor.
unanimously hailed as itis successor, and the choice | (Dion Cass. lxxix. 4. )
[W. R. ]
ARUS
MAYRO
<
5
MP
FAVC.
## p. 618 (#638) ############################################
618
CASCA.
CASCELLIUS.
CARYA'TIS (Kapuśtis), a surname of Artemis, The foregoing coin of the Servilia gens belongs.
derived from the town of Caryae in Laconia. either to No. 2 or No. 3; it contains on the obverse
Here the statue of the goddess stood in the open the head of Neptune, and on the reverse a figure
air, and maidens celebrated a festival to her every of Victory.
(L. S. ]
year with dances. (Paus. ii. 10. § 8, iv. 16. § 5; A. CASCE'LLIUS, an eminent Roman jurist,
Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. viii. 30. ) (L. S. ) contemporary with Trebatius, whom he exceeded
CARY'STIUS, ANTIÖGONUS. (ANTIGONUS in eloquence, though Trebatius surpassed him in
of CarystUS. )
legal skill. Their contempomry, Ofilius, the dis
CARY'STIUS(Kapúotios), a Greek grammarian ciple of Servius Sulpicius, was more learned than
of Pergamus, who lived after the time of Nicander either. Cascellius, according to Pliny the Elder
(Athen. xv. p. 684), and conscquently about the (H. N. viii. 40), was the disciple of one Volcatius,
end of the second century B. C. He is mentioned as who, on a certain occasion, was saved by a dog
the author of several works : 1. 'lotopika Tou from the attack of robbers. Pomponius (Dig. 1,
vnuata, sometimes also called simply úmouvnuara, tit. 2, s. 2, $ 45), according to the Florentine ma-
an historical work of which great use was made by nuscript, writes thus—“ Fuit Cascellius, Mucius,
Athenaeus, who has preserved a considerable num- Volusii auditor: denique in illius honorem testa-
ber of statements from it. (i. p. 24, x. p. 434, &c. , mento P. Mucium nepotem ejus reliquit heredem. ”
xi pp. 506, 508, xii. pp. 542, 548, xiii. p. 577, xiv. This may be understood to mean that, at the end
p. 639; comp. Schol. ad Aristopli
. Ar. 575, ad of a long life, Cascellius made the grandson of his
Theocrit
. xiii. 22. ) It must have consisted of at fellow-pupil his heir, but a man is more likely to
least three books, as the third is referred to by honour his praeceptor than his fellow-pupil, and, on
Athenaeus. 2. Tepi didackalwv, that is, an ac- this construction, the Latinity is harsh, both in
count of the Greek dramas, of the time and place the use of the singular for the plural, and in the
of their performance, of their success, and the like. reference of the word illius to the former of the
(Athen. vi. p. 233; the Greek Life of Sophocles,) two names, Mucius and Volusius, which are con-
3. Tepi Ewrádov, or a commentary on the poet nected merely by collocation. Hence the con-
Sotades. (Athen. xiv. p. 620. ) All these works jectural reading of Balduinus adopted by Bertran-
are lost.
(L. S. ] dus (de Vitis Jurisp. 2, 19), viz. “ Fuit Cascellius
CARYSTUS (Kápvotos), a son of Cheiron and Mucii et Volcatii auditor," has gained the approba-
Chariclo, from whom the town of Carystus in. tion of many critics.
Euboea was believed to bave derived its name. Cascellius was a man of stern republican princi-
(Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iv. 181; Eustath. ad Hom. ples : of Caesar's proceedings he spoke with the
p. 281. )
[L. S. ] utmost freedom. Neither hope nor fear could
CASCA, the name of a plebeian family of the induce him, B. C. 41, to compose legal forms for the
donations of the triumvirs, the fruits of their pro-
1. C. SERVILIUS Casca, was tribune of the scriptions, which be looked upon as wholly irregu-
plebs in B. c. 212. In that year M. Postumius, lar and illegal. His independence and liberty of
a farmer of the public revenue, and a relation of speech he ascribed to two things, which most men
Casca, was accused of baving defrauded the regarded as misfortunes, old age and childlessness.
republic, and his only hope of escaping condemna- In offices of honour, he never advanced beyond the
tion was Casca, who, however, was either too first step, the quaestorship, though he survived to
honest or too timid to interpose on his behalf. the reign of Augustus, who offered him the con-
(Liv. xxv. 3. )
sulship, which he declined. (Val. Max. vi. 2, §
2. P. Servilius Casca, one of the conspirators 12, Dig. I. c. )
against Caesar, who aimed the first stroke at his Cascellius is frequently quoted at second hand in
assassination, B. C. 44. He was in that year tribune the Digest, especially by Javolenus. In Dig. 35,
of the plebs, and soon afterwards fied from Rome, tit. 1, s. 40, s. ), and 32, s. 100, ¢ 1, we find him
as he anticipated the revenge which Octavianus differing from Ofilius. In the latter passage, the
was going to take. His leaving Rome as tribune case proposed was this :-A man leaves by will
was against the constitution, and his colleague, two specific marble statues, and all his marble.
P. Titius, accordingly carried a decree in the as-
Do his other marble statues pass ? Cascellius
sembly of the people, by which he was deprived of thought not, and Labeo agreed with him, in oppo-
his tribuneship. He fought in the battle of Phi- sition to Ofilius and Trebatius.
lippi, and died shortly afterwards. (Appian B. C. In Dig. 38, tit. 5, 6. 17, § 5, the following
ii. 113, 115, 117; Dion Cass. xliv. 52, xlvi. 49; words occur in a quotation from Ulpian, “ Labeo
Cic. Philipp. xiii. 15, ad Att. i. 17, ad Brut. i. 18; quarto Posteriorum scripsit, nec Arisio, vel Aulus,
Plut. Brut. 17, 45. )
utpote probabile, notant. ” For Aulus here it is
3. C. Servilius Casca, a brother of the pre- not unlikely that Paulus ought to be read, for Cas-
ceding, and a friend of Caesar, notwithstanding cellius is no where else in the Digest called Aulus
which he was likewise one of the conspirators simply. Moreover, he was of older standing than
against the life of the dictator. (Appian, B. C. Labeo, and the only work of Cascellius extant in
ii. 113; Plut. Caes. 66; Suet. Caes. 82; Dion the time of Pomponius (who was anterior to UI-
Cass. xliv. 52; Cic. Philipp. ii. 11. )
pian), was a book of legal bons mots (bencdictorum
liber).
In conversation, Cascellius was graceful, amusing,
and witty. Several of his good sayings are pre-
served. When a client, wishing to sever a part-
nership in a ship, said to him, “ Navem dividere
volo," his answer was, “ You will destroy your
ship. ” He probably remembered the story of the
analogous quibble on the words of a treaty, which,
Servilia gens.
CAS
## p. 619 (#639) ############################################
CASPERIUS.
619
CASSANDER.
to the disgrace of the Romans, deprived Antiochus in Armenian and Corbulo sent him as ambassador
the Great of his whole fleet. Vatinius, an un- to Vologeses to expostulate with him respecting
popular personage, for whom it is to be presumed his conduct. (Tac. Ann. xii. 45, xv. 5. ) (L. S. )
that Cascellius had no great liking, had been pelted CASPEʻRIUS AELIA'NUS. (AELIANUS. ]
with stones at a gladiatorial show, and consequently CASSANDA'NE (Κασσανδάνη), a Persian
got a clause inserted in the edict of the aediles, lady of the family of the Achaemenidae, daughter
ne quis in arenam nisi pomum mitteret.
