in his list of
distinguished
silver-chasers (xxxiii.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
v.
Etpatovikela.
)
tendant Hygieia ; near which were placed the 4. Daughter of the preceding and of Antiochus
statues of the artists themselves. (Paus. ii. 23. 1. , was married to Demetrius II. , king of Mace-
§ 4. )
[P. S. ) donia. (Euseb. Arm. i. p. 164. ) The period of
STRATONI'CE (Erpatovikn). 1. One of the their marriage is unknown ; but she appears to
daughters of Thespius, and by Heracles the mo- have remained in Macedonia till about B. c. 239,
ther of Atromus. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 3. )
when she quitted Demetrius in disgust, on account
2. A daughter of Pleuron and Xanthippe. of his second marriage with Phthia, the daughter
(Apollod. i. 7. $ 7. )
of Olympias, and retired to Syria. Here she in
3. The wife of Melaneus and the mother of vain incited her nephew Seleucus II. to avenge
Eurytus. (Hes. Fragm. 48. )
(L. S. ) the insult offered her by declaring war against
STRATONI'CE (Erpatovinn). 1. A sister of the Macedonian king. According to another ac-
Perdiccas II. , king of Macedonia, who was given by count, she was in hopes to induce Seleucus himself
him in marriage to the Thracian prince SEUTHES, to marry her; but that monarch was wholly occu-
the nephew of Sitalces, as a reward for the service | pied with the recovery of Babylonia and the upper
rendered him by the former in persuading Sitalces provinces of the empire. While he was thus en-
to withdraw from Macedonia. (Thuc. ii. 101. ) gaged, Stratonice took advantage of his absence to
2. Daughter of Corrhaeus (a Macedonian other raise a revolt against him at Antioch; but she was
wise unknown), and wife of Antigonus, king of easily expelled from that city on the return of
Asia, by whom she became the mother of two sons, Seleucus, and took refuge in Seleucia, where she
was besieged, taken prisoner, and put to death.
Straton is here too positively said to have been (Justin. xxviii
. 1; Agatharchides, ap. Joseph. c.
the native of Berytus; he ought to have been called Apion. i. 22; Niebuhr, Kl. Schrifien, p. 254 ;
the follower of Erasistratus, who may possibly have Droysen, Hellenism. vol. ii. p. 414. )
been “the native of Berytus,” but cannot be proved 5. A daughter of Antiochus II. , king of Syria,
to have been so.
married to Ariarathes III. , king of Cappadocia.
## p. 926 (#942) ############################################
926
STATTIS.
STROMBICHIDES.
p. 164. )
1
(Diod. xxxi. Exc. Phot. p. 518; Euseb. Arm. i. was attacked was the Norápion, which, the Scho-
liast says, was brought out before the Ecclesiazusas
6. One of the numerous wives of Mithridates of Aristophanes, and therefore not later than B. C.
the Great, was originally a woman of mean birth, 394 or 393 (see Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. s. a. 394).
the daughter of a harper, but obtained such ins Again, in his 'AvopwTopšalotnis he attacked Hege.
fluence over the king as to become one of his lochus, the actor of the Orestes of Euripides ; 80 that
favourite wives; and when he was compelled to this play must have been brought out later than
undertake his perilous retreat round the Euxine B. C. 408, the year in which the Orestes was ex-
sea, she was left by him in charge of a strong for- hibited (Schol. Eurip. Orest. 278 ; Clinton, F. II.
tress, in which he had deposited a large amount of vol. ii. s. a. 407). Strattis was still exhibiting at
treasure. She was, however, induced to betray the end of the 99th Olympiad, B. C. 380, for we
both the fortress and treasures into the hands of cannot well refer to an earlier period his attack on
Pompey, on condition that he should spare the Isocrates on account of his fondness for Lagisca
life of her son Xiphares ; but Mithridates, in order when he was far advanced in years (Ath. xiii. p.
to punish her for this treason, put Xiphares to 592, d. ; Harpocr. s. v. Aayioka). We have little
death before her eyes. (Appian, Mithr. 107; opportunity of forming a judgment on the poetical
Plut. Pomp. 36 ; Dion Cass. xxxvii
. 7. ) [E. H. B. ] character of Strattis. His intense admiration of
STRATONICUS (ETpaTávikos), of Athens, a the Orestes of Euripides does not say much for his
distinguished musician of the time of Alexander taste (Schol. Eurip. Orest. 278). From the epithet
the Great, of whom scarcely any thing is recorded, optikov, applied to one of his plays, it may be
except the sharp and witty rebuke which he ad inferred that he indulged in that low and insipid
ministered to Philotas, when the latter boasted of buffoonery, with which Aristophanes frequently
a victory which he had gained over Timotheus. charges his rivals (Hesych. s. v. Kolekávoi ; comp.
(Strah. xiii. p. 610 ; Aelian. N. A. xiv. 14; Ath. Aristoph. Nub. 524, Vesp. 66 ; Aristot. Eth. Nicom.
viii. p. 352, b. )
[P. S. ) iv. 8; Plut. Op. Mor. p. 348, c. )
STRATONI'CUS (ETpatóvikos), a physician According to an anonymous writer on Comedy
at Pergamus in Mysia, a pupil of Sabinus, and (p. xxxiv. ) Strattis composed sixteen dramas.
one of Galen's tutors, about A. D. 148. (Galen. Suidas mentions the following titles of his plays:
De Atra Bile, c. 4, vol. v. p. 119. ) It is not cer- 'Av@pwropéotns, or, as it should be, 'Avopwroppai-
tain whether he is the same person whose opinion | στης, Αταλάντη, Αγαθοί ήτοι 'Αργυρίου αφανισμός,
respecting the generation of male and female chil- 'Ιφιγέρων, Καλλιπίδης, Κινησίας, Λιμνομέδων, Μακe-
dren is mentioned by Galen (De Sem. ii. 5, vol. iv. δόνες, Μήδεια, Τρωίλος, Φοίνισσαι, Φιλοκτήτης, Χρύ-
p. 629), and who is called by him ο φυσικός Στρα- σιππος, Παυσανίας, Ψυχασταί, in addition to which,
τόνικος.
[W. A. G. ) four titles are mentioned by other writers, namely,
STRATONICUS, a statuary and silver-chaser, Ζώπυρος περικαιόμενος, Μυρμιδόνες, Ποτάμιοι, Πύ-
was one of the artists who made bronze statues His name sometimes appears in the cor-
representing the battles of Attalus and Eumenes rupted form Srpátwv, and some scholars have sup-
against the Gauls. He therefore flourished about posed the comic poets Strattis and Straton to be
B. C. 240 (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. & 24 ; Py- one and the same person ; but this opinion is un-
ROMACHUS). He is also mentioned by Pliny, doubtedly erroneous. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec.
in his list of distinguished silver-chasers (xxxiii. vol. i. pp. 221–236, 427, vol. ii. pp. 763, foll. ,
55) as the engraver of a cup, on which a Satyr, Editio Minor, pp. 428, foll. ; Bergk, Reliq. Com.
overpowered with wine, was represented so na- Alt. Ant. rp. 284, 285; Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. In-
turally, that the figure appeared to be rather placed trod. p. xliv. note r. )
[P. S. )
upon the vessel than engraved on it. (Comp. Anth. STROMBI'CHIDES (Etpoubixions), an Athe-
Pal. vi. 56 ; Ath. xi. p. 782, b. ) [P. S. ] nian, son of Diotimus, was appointed to command
STRATTIS (Etpátris), tyrant of Chios in the the eight ships which the Athenians sent to the
time of Dareius Hystaspis and Xerxes, was one of coast of Asia, on the news of the revolt of Chios,
those whom Dareius, in his Scythian expedition, in B. C. 412. On his arrival at Samos he added a
left in charge of the bridge of boats over the Da- Samian trireme to his squadron, and sailed to Teos
nube. At the period of the invasion of Greece by to check the spirit of rebellion there. But soon
Xerxes, seven citizens of Chios conspired against after he was compelled to flee to Samos from a su-
Strattis, but the plot was revealed by one of their perior Peloponnesian fleet, under Chalcideus and
number, and the remaining six were obliged to Alcibiades, and Teos forth with revolted. Not long
seek safety in flight. They first applied for aid after this Strombichides seems to have returned to
to Sparta, whence they proceeded to the Greek Athens, and later in the same year he was one of
fleet, under the command of Leotychides, at Aegi- three commanders who were sent to the Athenians
na, B. C. 479, and entreated their countrymen, but at Samos with a reinforcement of thirty-five ships,
for the time without success, to strike a blow for which increased their whole force to 104. This
the restoration of independence to Ionia (Herod. they now divided, retaining the greater part of it
iv. 138, viii. 132. )
[E. E. ] at Samos to command the sea, and to carry on the
STRATTIS (Στράττις Or Στράτις, but the war against Miletus, while Strombichides and two
former is the more correct orthography), an Athe others were despatched to Chios with thirty tri-
nian comic poet of the Old Comedy, flourished, ac- On their way they lost three of their
cording to Suidas, a little later than Callias. He vessels in a storm; but with the rest they pro-
must therefore have begun to exhibit about Ol. 92, ceeded to Lesbos, and made preparations for the
B. C. 412. He was in part contemporary with San- siege of Chios, to which island they then crossed
nyrion and Philyllius, both of whom are attacked over, fortified a strong post named Delphinium, and
in extant quotations from his works (Schol. Aris- reduced the Chians for a time to great extremities.
toph. Plut. 1195; Ath. xii. p. 551, c. ; Poll. x. In B. C. 411, on the revolt of Abydos and Lampsa-
189. ) The drama of Strattis in which Philyllius cus, Strombichides sailed from Chios with twenty-
TIDOS.
remes.
## p. 927 (#943) ############################################
SEE
;
STRONGYLION.
STRONGYLION.
y27
four ships, and recovered Lampsacus, but was the Birds in B. C. 414. This date is confirmed tiy
unable either to persuade or compel Abydos to the characters of the inscription, which belong to
return to its allegiance; and accordingly he crossed the style in use before the archonship of Eucleides.
over to Sestos, and there established a garrison to For the publication of this inscription and the in-
command the whole of the Hellespont. Hence he ferences drawn from it, we are indebted to Ross.
was soon after summoned to reinforce the Atheni- (Journal des Savants, 1841, pp. 245—247. )
ans at Samos, who were unable, before his arrival, Pausanias (i. 40. § 2) tells us that Strongylion
to make head against the superior force of the Pe- made the bronze statue of Arter. is Soteira, in her
loponnesians under Astyochus. In Lysias we read temple at Megara. Sillig makes Pausanias say
that Strombichides was one of those friends of de- that this statue of Artemis was one of the statues
mocracy, who expressed their indignation at the of the Twelve Gods, which were ascribed to Praxi-
terms of peace with which Theramenes and his teles; and hence he inſers, though by what process of
fellow-ambassadors returned to Athens from Lace- reasoning is not very evident, that Strongylion was
daemon in B. C. 404. llaving thus rendered him contempomry with Praxiteles. The fact is, how-
self obnoxious to the oligarchs, he was involved ever, that Pausanias expressly distinguishes " the
with the other prominent men of his party in the statues of the Twelve Gods, said to be the works
accusation brought against them by Agoratus be- of Praxiteles," from that of “ Artemis herself,"
fore the council, of a conspiracy to oppose the that is, the chief statue of the temple, which, he
peace. They were all accordingly thrown into distinctly affirms, was made by Strongylion ; and,
prison, and not long after were put to death with so far is the passage from furnishing any evidence
the mockery of a trial under the government of that Strongylion was contemporary with Praxiteles,
the Thirty (Thuc. viii. 15, 16, 17, 30, 31, 38, 40, that it affords two arguments to prove that he
55, 60, 61, 62, 79; Lys. C. Agor. pp. 130–133). I lived before him ; for, in the first place, the statue
We may perhaps identify the subject of the pre- of the deity, to whom the temple was dedicated,
sent article with the father of Autocles. (Xen. would of course be made earlier than any others
Hell. vi. 3. & 2. )
[E. E. ) that might be placed in it, and, moreover, Pausanias
STRONGY'LION (Etposguaíwr), a distin- tells us that the temple was built to commemorate
guished Greek statuary, mentioned by Pausanias a victory gained by the Megarians over a detach-
and Pliny, and in an important extant inscription. ment of the army of Mardonius, who had been
The inscription furnishes sufficient evidence for the struck by Artemis with a panic in the night ; so
true date of the artist, which had previously been that the only sound inference to be drawn from
determined wrongly on the supposed testimony of this passage, respecting the artist's date, is that he
the writers referred to.
should be placed as soon after the Persian wars as
The inscription referred to was discovered, in the other evidence will permit.
1840, near the entrance of the Acropolis at Athens, In another passage of Pausanias (ix. 30. § 1)
between the Propylaea and the Parthenon. It is we are informed that of the statues composing one
engraved on two plates of Pentelic marble, and of the two groups of the Muses on Mount Helicon,
runs thus:-
three were made by Cephisodotiis, three by
XAIPEAEMOSETAAAEVO EKKOIVESANEOEKEN Strongylion, and the remaining three by Olym-
STPOAATVIONET OESEN piosthenes ; whence it has been ivferred that these
that is, Xaipédnuos Evagyérov & Kolans åvéonker is by no means necessarily true, but, on the con-
three artists were contemporaries. This inference
Στρογγυλίων εποίησεν.
trary, while it is quite possible that the three
Now, we read in the Scholia on Aristophanes (Av. artists may have worked at the same time on the
1128), that there stood in the Acropolis a repre- different portions of the group, it is an equally
sentation of the Trojan horse (doúplos Inpos) in probable conjecture, that the group was left unti-
bronze, bearing the inscription, Xaipéônuos Evar- nished by one of them, and completed by the
gémov êx Kolans ávéonke, and Pausanias describes others. If so, the order in which the names of the
this statue as standing at the exact part of the artists stand in Pausanias is not to be taken as
Acropolis where the inscription was found (i. 23. the order of time in which they lived ; for the
$ 10): and though Pausanias does not mention preceding clause furnishes an obvious reason for
the name of the artist, he does tell us elsewhere his mentioning the name of Cephisodotus first.
that Strongylion excelled in the representation of Even if we suppose the parts of the group to have
oxen and horses (ix. 30. § 1). But this is not all. been executed at the same time, it is quite possible,
The passage of Aristophanes, which gives occasion as Ross bas argued, to bring back the date of
for the information furnished by the Scholiast, de Cephisodotus I. high enough to admit of his having
scribes the walls of the city of the Birds as being been in part contemporary with Strongylion, about
so broad, that two chariots might race upon them the beginning of the fourth century B. C. At all
“having horses as large as the Durian (Goúplos). " events, it is clear that these passages do not
Now, considering how constantly the comic poets warrant Sillig in placing Strongylion with Cephi.
appeal to the senses rather than the imagination of sodotus I. and Praxiteles at 01. 103, B. c. 368, but
their audience, and how generally their illustra- that he flourished about B. C. 415, and probably for
tions are drawn from objects, especially novel ob- some time both before and after that date. Perhaps
jects, present before the eyes of the people, there we might safely assign as his period the last thirty
can be little doubt of the soundness of the remark or forty years of the fifth century B. C.
of the Scholiast, that “ It is not credible that the Pliny mentions two other bronze statues by
poet says this merely in a general sense, but with Strongylion (H. N. xxxiv. 8. 6. 19. & 21); the one
reference to the bronze statue in the Acropolis. " of an Amazon, the beauty of whose legs obtained
If this reasoning be admitted, the date of Strongy- for it the epithet Eucnemos, and excited the ad-
lion's colossal bronze horse in the Acropolis will be miration of Nero to such a degree that he had it
fixed at a period shortly before the exhibition of carried about with him in his travels ; the other of
:
5
## p. 928 (#944) ############################################
928
STUDITA.
STUDITA.
8. v. )
;
1
i
2. boy, of which Brutus was so fond that it was Urbin. 1727), Joseph is said to have lived in the
nained after him. (Sillig, Cat. Art. s. v. ; Ross, time of the emperor Theophilus, and to have been
as above quoted ; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, elected archbishop of Thessalonica with unani-
pp. 409-411, 2d. ed. ; Nagler, Künstler-Lericon, mous approval, on account of his recognised excel-
[P. S. ] lence of character. It appears, however, that his
STROʻPHIUS (Etpósios. ) 1. The father of appointment was long antecedent to the reign of
Scamandrius. (Hom. II. v. 49. ).
Theophilus ; and that it was by no means unex-
2. A son of Crissus and Antiphateia, and hus- ceptionable ; for when his quarrel with the pa-
band of Cydragora, Anaxibia or Astyocheia, by triarch Nicephorus had brought him into trouble,
whom he became the father of Astydamein and he had to defend himself against the charge of
Pylades. (Schol. au Eurip. Orcst. 33; Paus. ii. 29. having improperly thrust himself into his see ; and
$ 4 ; Pind. Pyth. xi. 35. )
his defence seems to admit that the objection was
3. A son of Pylades and Electra. Paus. ii. 16. not altogether groundless (Baron. Annules Eccles.
in fin. )
(L. S. ) ad ann. 808, xvii. &c. ). In what year he became
STRUCTUS, & cognomen in the Servilia archbishop is not clear ; but in a.
tendant Hygieia ; near which were placed the 4. Daughter of the preceding and of Antiochus
statues of the artists themselves. (Paus. ii. 23. 1. , was married to Demetrius II. , king of Mace-
§ 4. )
[P. S. ) donia. (Euseb. Arm. i. p. 164. ) The period of
STRATONI'CE (Erpatovikn). 1. One of the their marriage is unknown ; but she appears to
daughters of Thespius, and by Heracles the mo- have remained in Macedonia till about B. c. 239,
ther of Atromus. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 3. )
when she quitted Demetrius in disgust, on account
2. A daughter of Pleuron and Xanthippe. of his second marriage with Phthia, the daughter
(Apollod. i. 7. $ 7. )
of Olympias, and retired to Syria. Here she in
3. The wife of Melaneus and the mother of vain incited her nephew Seleucus II. to avenge
Eurytus. (Hes. Fragm. 48. )
(L. S. ) the insult offered her by declaring war against
STRATONI'CE (Erpatovinn). 1. A sister of the Macedonian king. According to another ac-
Perdiccas II. , king of Macedonia, who was given by count, she was in hopes to induce Seleucus himself
him in marriage to the Thracian prince SEUTHES, to marry her; but that monarch was wholly occu-
the nephew of Sitalces, as a reward for the service | pied with the recovery of Babylonia and the upper
rendered him by the former in persuading Sitalces provinces of the empire. While he was thus en-
to withdraw from Macedonia. (Thuc. ii. 101. ) gaged, Stratonice took advantage of his absence to
2. Daughter of Corrhaeus (a Macedonian other raise a revolt against him at Antioch; but she was
wise unknown), and wife of Antigonus, king of easily expelled from that city on the return of
Asia, by whom she became the mother of two sons, Seleucus, and took refuge in Seleucia, where she
was besieged, taken prisoner, and put to death.
Straton is here too positively said to have been (Justin. xxviii
. 1; Agatharchides, ap. Joseph. c.
the native of Berytus; he ought to have been called Apion. i. 22; Niebuhr, Kl. Schrifien, p. 254 ;
the follower of Erasistratus, who may possibly have Droysen, Hellenism. vol. ii. p. 414. )
been “the native of Berytus,” but cannot be proved 5. A daughter of Antiochus II. , king of Syria,
to have been so.
married to Ariarathes III. , king of Cappadocia.
## p. 926 (#942) ############################################
926
STATTIS.
STROMBICHIDES.
p. 164. )
1
(Diod. xxxi. Exc. Phot. p. 518; Euseb. Arm. i. was attacked was the Norápion, which, the Scho-
liast says, was brought out before the Ecclesiazusas
6. One of the numerous wives of Mithridates of Aristophanes, and therefore not later than B. C.
the Great, was originally a woman of mean birth, 394 or 393 (see Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. s. a. 394).
the daughter of a harper, but obtained such ins Again, in his 'AvopwTopšalotnis he attacked Hege.
fluence over the king as to become one of his lochus, the actor of the Orestes of Euripides ; 80 that
favourite wives; and when he was compelled to this play must have been brought out later than
undertake his perilous retreat round the Euxine B. C. 408, the year in which the Orestes was ex-
sea, she was left by him in charge of a strong for- hibited (Schol. Eurip. Orest. 278 ; Clinton, F. II.
tress, in which he had deposited a large amount of vol. ii. s. a. 407). Strattis was still exhibiting at
treasure. She was, however, induced to betray the end of the 99th Olympiad, B. C. 380, for we
both the fortress and treasures into the hands of cannot well refer to an earlier period his attack on
Pompey, on condition that he should spare the Isocrates on account of his fondness for Lagisca
life of her son Xiphares ; but Mithridates, in order when he was far advanced in years (Ath. xiii. p.
to punish her for this treason, put Xiphares to 592, d. ; Harpocr. s. v. Aayioka). We have little
death before her eyes. (Appian, Mithr. 107; opportunity of forming a judgment on the poetical
Plut. Pomp. 36 ; Dion Cass. xxxvii
. 7. ) [E. H. B. ] character of Strattis. His intense admiration of
STRATONICUS (ETpaTávikos), of Athens, a the Orestes of Euripides does not say much for his
distinguished musician of the time of Alexander taste (Schol. Eurip. Orest. 278). From the epithet
the Great, of whom scarcely any thing is recorded, optikov, applied to one of his plays, it may be
except the sharp and witty rebuke which he ad inferred that he indulged in that low and insipid
ministered to Philotas, when the latter boasted of buffoonery, with which Aristophanes frequently
a victory which he had gained over Timotheus. charges his rivals (Hesych. s. v. Kolekávoi ; comp.
(Strah. xiii. p. 610 ; Aelian. N. A. xiv. 14; Ath. Aristoph. Nub. 524, Vesp. 66 ; Aristot. Eth. Nicom.
viii. p. 352, b. )
[P. S. ) iv. 8; Plut. Op. Mor. p. 348, c. )
STRATONI'CUS (ETpatóvikos), a physician According to an anonymous writer on Comedy
at Pergamus in Mysia, a pupil of Sabinus, and (p. xxxiv. ) Strattis composed sixteen dramas.
one of Galen's tutors, about A. D. 148. (Galen. Suidas mentions the following titles of his plays:
De Atra Bile, c. 4, vol. v. p. 119. ) It is not cer- 'Av@pwropéotns, or, as it should be, 'Avopwroppai-
tain whether he is the same person whose opinion | στης, Αταλάντη, Αγαθοί ήτοι 'Αργυρίου αφανισμός,
respecting the generation of male and female chil- 'Ιφιγέρων, Καλλιπίδης, Κινησίας, Λιμνομέδων, Μακe-
dren is mentioned by Galen (De Sem. ii. 5, vol. iv. δόνες, Μήδεια, Τρωίλος, Φοίνισσαι, Φιλοκτήτης, Χρύ-
p. 629), and who is called by him ο φυσικός Στρα- σιππος, Παυσανίας, Ψυχασταί, in addition to which,
τόνικος.
[W. A. G. ) four titles are mentioned by other writers, namely,
STRATONICUS, a statuary and silver-chaser, Ζώπυρος περικαιόμενος, Μυρμιδόνες, Ποτάμιοι, Πύ-
was one of the artists who made bronze statues His name sometimes appears in the cor-
representing the battles of Attalus and Eumenes rupted form Srpátwv, and some scholars have sup-
against the Gauls. He therefore flourished about posed the comic poets Strattis and Straton to be
B. C. 240 (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. & 24 ; Py- one and the same person ; but this opinion is un-
ROMACHUS). He is also mentioned by Pliny, doubtedly erroneous. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec.
in his list of distinguished silver-chasers (xxxiii. vol. i. pp. 221–236, 427, vol. ii. pp. 763, foll. ,
55) as the engraver of a cup, on which a Satyr, Editio Minor, pp. 428, foll. ; Bergk, Reliq. Com.
overpowered with wine, was represented so na- Alt. Ant. rp. 284, 285; Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. In-
turally, that the figure appeared to be rather placed trod. p. xliv. note r. )
[P. S. )
upon the vessel than engraved on it. (Comp. Anth. STROMBI'CHIDES (Etpoubixions), an Athe-
Pal. vi. 56 ; Ath. xi. p. 782, b. ) [P. S. ] nian, son of Diotimus, was appointed to command
STRATTIS (Etpátris), tyrant of Chios in the the eight ships which the Athenians sent to the
time of Dareius Hystaspis and Xerxes, was one of coast of Asia, on the news of the revolt of Chios,
those whom Dareius, in his Scythian expedition, in B. C. 412. On his arrival at Samos he added a
left in charge of the bridge of boats over the Da- Samian trireme to his squadron, and sailed to Teos
nube. At the period of the invasion of Greece by to check the spirit of rebellion there. But soon
Xerxes, seven citizens of Chios conspired against after he was compelled to flee to Samos from a su-
Strattis, but the plot was revealed by one of their perior Peloponnesian fleet, under Chalcideus and
number, and the remaining six were obliged to Alcibiades, and Teos forth with revolted. Not long
seek safety in flight. They first applied for aid after this Strombichides seems to have returned to
to Sparta, whence they proceeded to the Greek Athens, and later in the same year he was one of
fleet, under the command of Leotychides, at Aegi- three commanders who were sent to the Athenians
na, B. C. 479, and entreated their countrymen, but at Samos with a reinforcement of thirty-five ships,
for the time without success, to strike a blow for which increased their whole force to 104. This
the restoration of independence to Ionia (Herod. they now divided, retaining the greater part of it
iv. 138, viii. 132. )
[E. E. ] at Samos to command the sea, and to carry on the
STRATTIS (Στράττις Or Στράτις, but the war against Miletus, while Strombichides and two
former is the more correct orthography), an Athe others were despatched to Chios with thirty tri-
nian comic poet of the Old Comedy, flourished, ac- On their way they lost three of their
cording to Suidas, a little later than Callias. He vessels in a storm; but with the rest they pro-
must therefore have begun to exhibit about Ol. 92, ceeded to Lesbos, and made preparations for the
B. C. 412. He was in part contemporary with San- siege of Chios, to which island they then crossed
nyrion and Philyllius, both of whom are attacked over, fortified a strong post named Delphinium, and
in extant quotations from his works (Schol. Aris- reduced the Chians for a time to great extremities.
toph. Plut. 1195; Ath. xii. p. 551, c. ; Poll. x. In B. C. 411, on the revolt of Abydos and Lampsa-
189. ) The drama of Strattis in which Philyllius cus, Strombichides sailed from Chios with twenty-
TIDOS.
remes.
## p. 927 (#943) ############################################
SEE
;
STRONGYLION.
STRONGYLION.
y27
four ships, and recovered Lampsacus, but was the Birds in B. C. 414. This date is confirmed tiy
unable either to persuade or compel Abydos to the characters of the inscription, which belong to
return to its allegiance; and accordingly he crossed the style in use before the archonship of Eucleides.
over to Sestos, and there established a garrison to For the publication of this inscription and the in-
command the whole of the Hellespont. Hence he ferences drawn from it, we are indebted to Ross.
was soon after summoned to reinforce the Atheni- (Journal des Savants, 1841, pp. 245—247. )
ans at Samos, who were unable, before his arrival, Pausanias (i. 40. § 2) tells us that Strongylion
to make head against the superior force of the Pe- made the bronze statue of Arter. is Soteira, in her
loponnesians under Astyochus. In Lysias we read temple at Megara. Sillig makes Pausanias say
that Strombichides was one of those friends of de- that this statue of Artemis was one of the statues
mocracy, who expressed their indignation at the of the Twelve Gods, which were ascribed to Praxi-
terms of peace with which Theramenes and his teles; and hence he inſers, though by what process of
fellow-ambassadors returned to Athens from Lace- reasoning is not very evident, that Strongylion was
daemon in B. C. 404. llaving thus rendered him contempomry with Praxiteles. The fact is, how-
self obnoxious to the oligarchs, he was involved ever, that Pausanias expressly distinguishes " the
with the other prominent men of his party in the statues of the Twelve Gods, said to be the works
accusation brought against them by Agoratus be- of Praxiteles," from that of “ Artemis herself,"
fore the council, of a conspiracy to oppose the that is, the chief statue of the temple, which, he
peace. They were all accordingly thrown into distinctly affirms, was made by Strongylion ; and,
prison, and not long after were put to death with so far is the passage from furnishing any evidence
the mockery of a trial under the government of that Strongylion was contemporary with Praxiteles,
the Thirty (Thuc. viii. 15, 16, 17, 30, 31, 38, 40, that it affords two arguments to prove that he
55, 60, 61, 62, 79; Lys. C. Agor. pp. 130–133). I lived before him ; for, in the first place, the statue
We may perhaps identify the subject of the pre- of the deity, to whom the temple was dedicated,
sent article with the father of Autocles. (Xen. would of course be made earlier than any others
Hell. vi. 3. & 2. )
[E. E. ) that might be placed in it, and, moreover, Pausanias
STRONGY'LION (Etposguaíwr), a distin- tells us that the temple was built to commemorate
guished Greek statuary, mentioned by Pausanias a victory gained by the Megarians over a detach-
and Pliny, and in an important extant inscription. ment of the army of Mardonius, who had been
The inscription furnishes sufficient evidence for the struck by Artemis with a panic in the night ; so
true date of the artist, which had previously been that the only sound inference to be drawn from
determined wrongly on the supposed testimony of this passage, respecting the artist's date, is that he
the writers referred to.
should be placed as soon after the Persian wars as
The inscription referred to was discovered, in the other evidence will permit.
1840, near the entrance of the Acropolis at Athens, In another passage of Pausanias (ix. 30. § 1)
between the Propylaea and the Parthenon. It is we are informed that of the statues composing one
engraved on two plates of Pentelic marble, and of the two groups of the Muses on Mount Helicon,
runs thus:-
three were made by Cephisodotiis, three by
XAIPEAEMOSETAAAEVO EKKOIVESANEOEKEN Strongylion, and the remaining three by Olym-
STPOAATVIONET OESEN piosthenes ; whence it has been ivferred that these
that is, Xaipédnuos Evagyérov & Kolans åvéonker is by no means necessarily true, but, on the con-
three artists were contemporaries. This inference
Στρογγυλίων εποίησεν.
trary, while it is quite possible that the three
Now, we read in the Scholia on Aristophanes (Av. artists may have worked at the same time on the
1128), that there stood in the Acropolis a repre- different portions of the group, it is an equally
sentation of the Trojan horse (doúplos Inpos) in probable conjecture, that the group was left unti-
bronze, bearing the inscription, Xaipéônuos Evar- nished by one of them, and completed by the
gémov êx Kolans ávéonke, and Pausanias describes others. If so, the order in which the names of the
this statue as standing at the exact part of the artists stand in Pausanias is not to be taken as
Acropolis where the inscription was found (i. 23. the order of time in which they lived ; for the
$ 10): and though Pausanias does not mention preceding clause furnishes an obvious reason for
the name of the artist, he does tell us elsewhere his mentioning the name of Cephisodotus first.
that Strongylion excelled in the representation of Even if we suppose the parts of the group to have
oxen and horses (ix. 30. § 1). But this is not all. been executed at the same time, it is quite possible,
The passage of Aristophanes, which gives occasion as Ross bas argued, to bring back the date of
for the information furnished by the Scholiast, de Cephisodotus I. high enough to admit of his having
scribes the walls of the city of the Birds as being been in part contemporary with Strongylion, about
so broad, that two chariots might race upon them the beginning of the fourth century B. C. At all
“having horses as large as the Durian (Goúplos). " events, it is clear that these passages do not
Now, considering how constantly the comic poets warrant Sillig in placing Strongylion with Cephi.
appeal to the senses rather than the imagination of sodotus I. and Praxiteles at 01. 103, B. c. 368, but
their audience, and how generally their illustra- that he flourished about B. C. 415, and probably for
tions are drawn from objects, especially novel ob- some time both before and after that date. Perhaps
jects, present before the eyes of the people, there we might safely assign as his period the last thirty
can be little doubt of the soundness of the remark or forty years of the fifth century B. C.
of the Scholiast, that “ It is not credible that the Pliny mentions two other bronze statues by
poet says this merely in a general sense, but with Strongylion (H. N. xxxiv. 8. 6. 19. & 21); the one
reference to the bronze statue in the Acropolis. " of an Amazon, the beauty of whose legs obtained
If this reasoning be admitted, the date of Strongy- for it the epithet Eucnemos, and excited the ad-
lion's colossal bronze horse in the Acropolis will be miration of Nero to such a degree that he had it
fixed at a period shortly before the exhibition of carried about with him in his travels ; the other of
:
5
## p. 928 (#944) ############################################
928
STUDITA.
STUDITA.
8. v. )
;
1
i
2. boy, of which Brutus was so fond that it was Urbin. 1727), Joseph is said to have lived in the
nained after him. (Sillig, Cat. Art. s. v. ; Ross, time of the emperor Theophilus, and to have been
as above quoted ; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, elected archbishop of Thessalonica with unani-
pp. 409-411, 2d. ed. ; Nagler, Künstler-Lericon, mous approval, on account of his recognised excel-
[P. S. ] lence of character. It appears, however, that his
STROʻPHIUS (Etpósios. ) 1. The father of appointment was long antecedent to the reign of
Scamandrius. (Hom. II. v. 49. ).
Theophilus ; and that it was by no means unex-
2. A son of Crissus and Antiphateia, and hus- ceptionable ; for when his quarrel with the pa-
band of Cydragora, Anaxibia or Astyocheia, by triarch Nicephorus had brought him into trouble,
whom he became the father of Astydamein and he had to defend himself against the charge of
Pylades. (Schol. au Eurip. Orcst. 33; Paus. ii. 29. having improperly thrust himself into his see ; and
$ 4 ; Pind. Pyth. xi. 35. )
his defence seems to admit that the objection was
3. A son of Pylades and Electra. Paus. ii. 16. not altogether groundless (Baron. Annules Eccles.
in fin. )
(L. S. ) ad ann. 808, xvii. &c. ). In what year he became
STRUCTUS, & cognomen in the Servilia archbishop is not clear ; but in a.
