(Borrell, Notice de
Quelques
the work to the Augustan age.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
$ 6).
At the time when
(v. 50), Pylaemenus (v. 576), Peisander (xiii. 614, Telemachus came to bim to inquire after his father,
&c. ), Dolops (xv. 541), Thoas ( xvi. 311), Euphorbus Menelaus was just solemnising the marriage of his
(xvii. 45), and Podes (xvii. 575).
daughter Hermione with Neoptolemns, and of his
We shall pass over his minor exploits, and men- son Megapenthes with a daughter of Alector (iv.
tion only his engagement with Paris. When 1, &c. ). According to the Homeric poems Menelaus
Menelaus saw his chief enemy stepping forth from was a man of an athletic figure ; he spoke little,
the Trojan ranks, he rejoiced like a lion at the but what he said was always impressive ; he was
sight of a stag, and leaped from his chariot to brave and courageous, but milder than Agamemnon,
attack him (. iii. 27, &c. ); but Paris took to intelligent and hospitable. According to the pro-
flight, until, encouraged by Hector, he challenged phecy of Proteus, Menelaus and Helen were not to
Menelaus to decide the contest for the possession of die, but the gods were to conduct them to Elysium
Helen and the treasures by single combat (iii. (iv. 561); but according to a later tradition, he
97, &c. ). Menelaus accepted the challenge, and and Helen went to the Taurians, where they were
his spear penetrated the shield of Paris, but did sacrificed by Iphigeneia to Artemis (Ptolem. Heph.
not wound him. Menelaus thereupon drew his 4). Menelaus was worshipped as a hero at The-
sword, which, however, broke on the shield of his rapne, where also his tomb and that of Helen were
opponent. He then seized him by the helmet, and shown (Paus. iii. 19. § 9). On the chest of
dragged him to the camp of the Achaeans. But Cypselus he was represented at the moment when,
Aphrodite loosened the helmet and wrapped her after the taking of Troy, he was on the point of
favourite in a cloud, in which he escaped from his killing Helen. (Pans. v. 18. § 1; comp. Millingen,
enemy (iii. 325, &c. , iv. 12, &c. ). At the funeral Inedit. Monum. i. 32). (HELENA. ) [L. S. ]
games of Patroclus, Menelaus fought with Antilo- MENELA'US (Mevé aos), historical. 1. Father
chus in the chariot race, but voluntarily gave up of Amyntas II. , king of Macedonia, and grandfather
the second prize, and was satisfied with the third of Philip of Macedon, according to Justin (vii. 4)
(xxiii. 293, 401, 516—609). Menelaus also was and Aelian (V. H. xii. 43). " But there is much
one of the heroes concealed in the wooden horse discrepancy on this point: Dexippus (ap. Syncell.
(Od. iv. 280 ; comp. Virg. Aen. ii. 264); and, p. 263, a. ) calls the father of Amyntas Arrhidaeus ;
along with Odysseus, he hastened to the house of and Diodorus (xv. 60), Tharraleos. Justin repre-
Deiphobus, as soon as the town was taken (Od. sents him as brother of Alexander the First, king
viii. 518 ; Virg. Aen. vi. 523). After the de- of Macedonia, which is a gross error. (See Clinton,
struction of Troy, he advised the assembled F. H. vol. i. p. 225. )
Achaeans to return home, which involved him in
a dispute with his brother (Od. iii. 141, &c. ). He The latter author states that he was of illegi-
was among the first that sailed away from Troy, / timate birth.
## p. 1039 (#1055) ##########################################
MEXELAUS.
1039
MENEMACHUS.
2 A son of Amyntas II. , king of Macedonia, 3. Of Aegae, an epic poet, who among other
by his wife Gygaca. (Justin. vii. 4. ) According works which are not specified, wrote an epic poem,
to Justin, he was put to death by his step-brother Thebais (onbals), consisting, according to Suidas,
Philip, after the capture of Olynthus, B. C. 347. of twelve, and according to Eudocia, of thirteen
(Id. viii. 3. )
books. As Longinus mentioned Menelaus with
3. Son of Lagus, and brother of Ptolemy Soter. praise, he must have lived before A. D. 273, for in
His name does not occur ainong the officers or that year Longinus died (Waltz, Klut. Grarc. vi.
generals of Alexander during the lifetime of that p. 93 ; Ruhnken, Dissert. de Vil. el Script. Longini,
monarch, though it is incidentally mentioned by 30, &c. ed. Toupius). The first five books of this
Phylarchus (ap. Athen, xii. p. 539, d. ), in terms epic are referred to by Stephanus Byzantinus (s. vv.
that would seem to imply that the then already oc- Τέμμιξ, Υρμίνη, 'Αμφιγένεια, Λύκαια, Εύτρησις),
cupied a distinguished position. (See also Aclian, but no fragments of any importance have come
V. H. ix. 3. ) The first occasion on which he ap down to us.
(L. S. )
pears in loistory is in B. C. 315, when he was ap- MENELA'US (Mevé aos), a Greek mathema-
pointed by his brother to the chief command of the tician, a native of Alexandrin, the author of a
forces despatched to Cyprus, where they were treatise in three books, on the Sphere, which is
destined to co-operate with the fleet of Seleucus, comprised in the mathematical collection called
and with Nicocreon, king of Salamis. (Diod. xix. | μικρός αστρονόμος, Ο μικρός αστρονομούμενος.
62. ) By their combined efforts, they soon reduced Menelaus is mentioned by Pappus, Proclus, and
all the cities of Cyprus to subjection, with the ex- Ptolemaeus, who, in his Magna Syntuxis (p. 170),
ception of Cittium; and that also, it would appear, says that he made some astronomical observations
must have ultimately submitted. Menelaus now at Rome in the first year of the emperor Trajan
remained in the island, which he governed with (A. D. 98). He is probably the same with the
almost absolute authority, the petty princes of the Menelaus introduced by Plutarch in his dialogue
several cities being deposed, imprisoned, or assassi- | De Facie in Orbe Lunue, p. 930. Besides his work
nated on the slightest symptom of disaffection. on the Sphere, Menelaus wrote a treatise “ On the
He still held the chief command in 306, when Quantity and Distinction of Mixed Bodies. ” Both
Demetrius Poliorcetes arrived in Cyprus with a works were translated into Syriac and Arabic. A
powerful feet and army. Unable to contend with Latin translation of the treatise on the Sphere was
this formidable antagonist in the open field, Mene- published at Paris in 1644; and it was also pube
laus drew together all his forces, and shut himself | lished by Marinus Mersennus in his Synopsis Ma-
up within the walls of Salamis, which he prepared thematica, Paris, 1644. This edition contained
to defend to the utmost. But having risked an many additions and interpolations. A more correct
action under the walls of the town, he was defeated edition was published at Oxford by Halley, a re-
with much loss; and Demetrius pressed the siege print of which, with a preface by G. Costard, ap-
with his wonted vigour. Menelaus, however, suc- peared in 1758. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. pp.
ceeded in burning his battering engines ; and by 16, 23. )
[C. P. M. )
the most strenuous exertions, made good his de- MENELA'US, a pupil of Stephanus, was the
fence until the arrival of Ptolemy himself, with a sculptor of a marble group in the villa Ludovisi at
powerful fleet, to the relief of the island. In the Rome, which bears the inscription MENEAAO
great sea-fight that ensued, Menelaus sent a squa- ETEⓇANOT MAOHTHE ENOIEI. The group,
dron of sixty ships to assist Ptolemy; but though which consists of a male and female figure, the size
these succeeded in forcing their way out of the of life, has been differently explained. It used to
harbour of Salamis, they came too late to retrieve be taken to refer to the story of Papirius and his
the fortune of the day; and the total defeat of mother. (Aul. Gell. i. 23. ) Thiersch maintains
the Egyptian feet having extinguished all his that it is impossible not to recognise the Roman
hopes of succour, he immediately afterwards sur- matron in the female figure, and in both the ex-
rendered the city of Salamis, with all his forces, pression of maternal and filial love ; and he sup-
both military and naval, into the hands of Deme- poses that it represents some scene from the family
trius. The conqueror, with characteristic mag- life of the Caesars, probably Octavia and Marcel-
nanimity, sent him back to Egypt, accompanied by lus, “ Tu Marcellus eris, manibus date lilia plenis,”
his friends, and carrying with him all his private &c. (Epochen, pp. 295, 296. ) Winckelmann at
property. (Diod. xix. 62, 79, xx. 21, 47–53; first took it for Phaedra and Hippolytus (Geschichte
Plut. Demetr. 15–17; Justin. xv. 2; Paus. i. 6, d. Kunst, Vorrede, $ 5); but he afterwards ex-
6. ) From this time we hear no more of Mene- plained it as representing the recognition of Orestes
laus. There is a coin, aitributed to him, which by Electra (bk. xi. c. 2. $29), and this supposition
must have been struck during the period of his has been generally adopted. Thiersch (l. c. ) refers
occupation of Cyprus.
(Borrell, Notice de Quelques the work to the Augustan age. (Compare Ste-
Médailles des Rois de Chypre, p. 64. )
PHANUS. ]
[P. S. )
4. Onias, son of Simon, who was made high- MENE'MACHUS (Mevéuaxos), a physician
priest of the Jews by Antiochus Epiphanes, as born at one of the cities named Aphrodisias, who
sumed the name of Men us. (Joseph. Ant. xii belonged to the medical sect the Methodici, and
5. & 1. )
[E. H. B. ] lived in the second century after Christ. (Galen,
MENELA'US (Mevélaos), literary. 1. Of Introd. c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 684, De Meth. Med. i. 7,
Anaea in Caria, is called by Stephanus Byzantinus vol. x. p. 53, 54. ) He wrote some works which
(s. v. 'Avala) a peripatetic philosopher, and a great are not now extant, and is probably the physician
historian, but is otherwise unknown.
quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb. Acut. ii.
2. Of Maratho in Phoenicia, a Greek rhetorician, | 1. p. 75), Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos.
whose assistance C. Sempronius Gracchus was said iii. 1, vol. xii. p. 625), and Oribasius (Coll. Medic,
to have used in composing his speeches. (Cic. vii. 21, p ? '8, and in Matthaei's collection, Mosq.
1808). "The Menemachus, however, who is quoted
Brui. 26. )
## p. 1040 (#1056) ##########################################
1040
MENES.
MENESTHEUS.
ME
Areitb
136. &
2.
Borus
of the
&c. )
ME
ruan,
Antica
broagt
teder
life by
of his
dezno
conde
(Les
M
opet
chief
canje
mbea
Gladi
shoul
comp
M
Aw
Laci
for 1
(Bru
by Celsus (De Medic. vi. 9, p. 129), is not the Anal. ii. 12, iii
. 16 ; Diod. xvii. 64 ; Curt, v. 1;
same person, and must have lived at least a century Freinsh. ul loc. )
[E. E. )
earlier.
(W. A. G. ] MENESA ECH MUS (Mevécaixuos), an Athe-
MENE'NIA GENS, was a very ancient and nian, an inveterate enemy of the orator Lycurgus,
illustrious patrician house at Rome from B. c. 503 by whom he was impeached on a charge of impiety
to B. C. 376. Its only cognomen is Lanatus. (LA) and convicted. When Lycurgus ſelt his end
NATUS. ] Cicero (ad Fum. xiii. 9) mentions a drawing near, he had himself brought into the
Menenian tribe, and Appian a Menenius who was council to give an account of his public conduct,
proscribed by the triumvirs in B. C. 43, and rescued and Menesaechmus was the only man who ven-
from death by the self-devotion of one of his slaves. tured to find fault with it. He continued his hos-
(B. C. iv. 44. )
[W. B. D. ] tility to the sons of Lycurgus after their father's
MENEPHRON, an Arcadian, who is said to death, and so far succeeded in a prosecution against
have lived in incestuous intercourse with his them, that they were delivered into the custody of
mother Blias and his daughter Cyllene. (Ov. Mct. the Eleven. They were released, however, on the
vii. 386 ; Hygin. Fab. 253, who calls him Me- remonstrance of Demosthenes. (Pseudo-Plut. l'it.
nophrus. )
(L. S. ] X. Orat. Lycurg. ; Phot. Bill. Cod. 268 ; Suid.
MENES (Mévns), a Thracian, from whom the s. vv. Aukoûpyos, iponpoola; Harpocr. s. rv.
town of Menebria or Mesembria was said to have 'Apkúwpos, Anlattal. )
[E. E. ]
received its name. (Strab. vii. p. 319. ) (L. S. ] MENESAECHMUS. (MNES A ECH MUS. ]
MENES (Móvms). This is the most usual form MENESTIES, an architect, whose pseudo-
of the name, which, however, we also find written dipteral temple of Apollo is mentioned by Vitruvius
as Menas, Menis, Meinis, Men, Min, and Mein (iii. 2. $ 6. ed. Schneid. ).
[P. S. )
(Mnvās, Mņuis, Meivis, Mīv, Miv, Meiv). Menes MENESTHEUS (Meveoleús), a son of Peteus,
was the first king of Egypt, according to the tra- an Athenian king, who led the Athenians against
ditions of the Egyptians themselves. Herodotus Troy, and surpassed all other mortals in arranging
records of him that he built Memphis on a piece of the war-steeds and men for battle (Hom. Ii. ii.
ground which he had rescued from the river by 552, &c. , iv. 3:27; Philostr. Her. ii. 16 ; Paus. ii.
turning it from its former course, and erected 25. $ 6). With the assistance of the Tyndarids,
therein a magnificent temple to Hephaestus he is said to have driven Theseus from his king-
(. Pthah). (Comp. Diod. i. 50; Wess. ad loc. ) dom, and to have died at Troy (Plut. Thes. 32, 35 ;
Diodorus tells us that he introduced into Egypt the Paus. i. 17. § 6). A second personage of this
worship of the gods and the practice of sacrifices, name occurs in Virgil. (Aen. x. 129. ) [L. S. )
as well as a more elegant and luxurious style of MENESTHEUS (Meveodeús), son of Iphicrates,
living. As the author of this latter innovation, his the famous Athenian general, by the daughter of
memory was dishonoured many generations after- Cotys, king of Thrace. Hence he said that he
wards by king Tnephachthus, the father of Boc-owed more to his mother than to his father ; for
choris; and Plutarch mentions a pillar at Thebes that the latter, as far as in him lay, had made him
in Egypt, on which was inscribed an imprecation a Thracian ; the former had made him an Athe-
against Menes, as the introducer of luxury. There nian. (Nep. Iph. 3; comp. Vol. II. p. 617, a. ) He
is a legend also, preserved by Diodorus, which re- was born probably about B. C. 377 (see Rehdantz,
lates (in defiance of chronology, unless Mendes is Vit. Iphic. Chabr. Timoth. ii. & 4); and, as he grew
to be substituted for Menas), that he was saved up, his great height and size caused him to be
from drowning in the lake of Moeris by a crocodile, thought older than he really was, so that he was
in gratitude for which he established the worship called on, while yet a boy, to undertake deitoup-
of the animal, and built a city near the lake called glas, a demand which Iphicrates resisted. (Arist.
the City of Crocodiles, erecting there a pyramid to Rhet.
(v. 50), Pylaemenus (v. 576), Peisander (xiii. 614, Telemachus came to bim to inquire after his father,
&c. ), Dolops (xv. 541), Thoas ( xvi. 311), Euphorbus Menelaus was just solemnising the marriage of his
(xvii. 45), and Podes (xvii. 575).
daughter Hermione with Neoptolemns, and of his
We shall pass over his minor exploits, and men- son Megapenthes with a daughter of Alector (iv.
tion only his engagement with Paris. When 1, &c. ). According to the Homeric poems Menelaus
Menelaus saw his chief enemy stepping forth from was a man of an athletic figure ; he spoke little,
the Trojan ranks, he rejoiced like a lion at the but what he said was always impressive ; he was
sight of a stag, and leaped from his chariot to brave and courageous, but milder than Agamemnon,
attack him (. iii. 27, &c. ); but Paris took to intelligent and hospitable. According to the pro-
flight, until, encouraged by Hector, he challenged phecy of Proteus, Menelaus and Helen were not to
Menelaus to decide the contest for the possession of die, but the gods were to conduct them to Elysium
Helen and the treasures by single combat (iii. (iv. 561); but according to a later tradition, he
97, &c. ). Menelaus accepted the challenge, and and Helen went to the Taurians, where they were
his spear penetrated the shield of Paris, but did sacrificed by Iphigeneia to Artemis (Ptolem. Heph.
not wound him. Menelaus thereupon drew his 4). Menelaus was worshipped as a hero at The-
sword, which, however, broke on the shield of his rapne, where also his tomb and that of Helen were
opponent. He then seized him by the helmet, and shown (Paus. iii. 19. § 9). On the chest of
dragged him to the camp of the Achaeans. But Cypselus he was represented at the moment when,
Aphrodite loosened the helmet and wrapped her after the taking of Troy, he was on the point of
favourite in a cloud, in which he escaped from his killing Helen. (Pans. v. 18. § 1; comp. Millingen,
enemy (iii. 325, &c. , iv. 12, &c. ). At the funeral Inedit. Monum. i. 32). (HELENA. ) [L. S. ]
games of Patroclus, Menelaus fought with Antilo- MENELA'US (Mevé aos), historical. 1. Father
chus in the chariot race, but voluntarily gave up of Amyntas II. , king of Macedonia, and grandfather
the second prize, and was satisfied with the third of Philip of Macedon, according to Justin (vii. 4)
(xxiii. 293, 401, 516—609). Menelaus also was and Aelian (V. H. xii. 43). " But there is much
one of the heroes concealed in the wooden horse discrepancy on this point: Dexippus (ap. Syncell.
(Od. iv. 280 ; comp. Virg. Aen. ii. 264); and, p. 263, a. ) calls the father of Amyntas Arrhidaeus ;
along with Odysseus, he hastened to the house of and Diodorus (xv. 60), Tharraleos. Justin repre-
Deiphobus, as soon as the town was taken (Od. sents him as brother of Alexander the First, king
viii. 518 ; Virg. Aen. vi. 523). After the de- of Macedonia, which is a gross error. (See Clinton,
struction of Troy, he advised the assembled F. H. vol. i. p. 225. )
Achaeans to return home, which involved him in
a dispute with his brother (Od. iii. 141, &c. ). He The latter author states that he was of illegi-
was among the first that sailed away from Troy, / timate birth.
## p. 1039 (#1055) ##########################################
MEXELAUS.
1039
MENEMACHUS.
2 A son of Amyntas II. , king of Macedonia, 3. Of Aegae, an epic poet, who among other
by his wife Gygaca. (Justin. vii. 4. ) According works which are not specified, wrote an epic poem,
to Justin, he was put to death by his step-brother Thebais (onbals), consisting, according to Suidas,
Philip, after the capture of Olynthus, B. C. 347. of twelve, and according to Eudocia, of thirteen
(Id. viii. 3. )
books. As Longinus mentioned Menelaus with
3. Son of Lagus, and brother of Ptolemy Soter. praise, he must have lived before A. D. 273, for in
His name does not occur ainong the officers or that year Longinus died (Waltz, Klut. Grarc. vi.
generals of Alexander during the lifetime of that p. 93 ; Ruhnken, Dissert. de Vil. el Script. Longini,
monarch, though it is incidentally mentioned by 30, &c. ed. Toupius). The first five books of this
Phylarchus (ap. Athen, xii. p. 539, d. ), in terms epic are referred to by Stephanus Byzantinus (s. vv.
that would seem to imply that the then already oc- Τέμμιξ, Υρμίνη, 'Αμφιγένεια, Λύκαια, Εύτρησις),
cupied a distinguished position. (See also Aclian, but no fragments of any importance have come
V. H. ix. 3. ) The first occasion on which he ap down to us.
(L. S. )
pears in loistory is in B. C. 315, when he was ap- MENELA'US (Mevé aos), a Greek mathema-
pointed by his brother to the chief command of the tician, a native of Alexandrin, the author of a
forces despatched to Cyprus, where they were treatise in three books, on the Sphere, which is
destined to co-operate with the fleet of Seleucus, comprised in the mathematical collection called
and with Nicocreon, king of Salamis. (Diod. xix. | μικρός αστρονόμος, Ο μικρός αστρονομούμενος.
62. ) By their combined efforts, they soon reduced Menelaus is mentioned by Pappus, Proclus, and
all the cities of Cyprus to subjection, with the ex- Ptolemaeus, who, in his Magna Syntuxis (p. 170),
ception of Cittium; and that also, it would appear, says that he made some astronomical observations
must have ultimately submitted. Menelaus now at Rome in the first year of the emperor Trajan
remained in the island, which he governed with (A. D. 98). He is probably the same with the
almost absolute authority, the petty princes of the Menelaus introduced by Plutarch in his dialogue
several cities being deposed, imprisoned, or assassi- | De Facie in Orbe Lunue, p. 930. Besides his work
nated on the slightest symptom of disaffection. on the Sphere, Menelaus wrote a treatise “ On the
He still held the chief command in 306, when Quantity and Distinction of Mixed Bodies. ” Both
Demetrius Poliorcetes arrived in Cyprus with a works were translated into Syriac and Arabic. A
powerful feet and army. Unable to contend with Latin translation of the treatise on the Sphere was
this formidable antagonist in the open field, Mene- published at Paris in 1644; and it was also pube
laus drew together all his forces, and shut himself | lished by Marinus Mersennus in his Synopsis Ma-
up within the walls of Salamis, which he prepared thematica, Paris, 1644. This edition contained
to defend to the utmost. But having risked an many additions and interpolations. A more correct
action under the walls of the town, he was defeated edition was published at Oxford by Halley, a re-
with much loss; and Demetrius pressed the siege print of which, with a preface by G. Costard, ap-
with his wonted vigour. Menelaus, however, suc- peared in 1758. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. pp.
ceeded in burning his battering engines ; and by 16, 23. )
[C. P. M. )
the most strenuous exertions, made good his de- MENELA'US, a pupil of Stephanus, was the
fence until the arrival of Ptolemy himself, with a sculptor of a marble group in the villa Ludovisi at
powerful fleet, to the relief of the island. In the Rome, which bears the inscription MENEAAO
great sea-fight that ensued, Menelaus sent a squa- ETEⓇANOT MAOHTHE ENOIEI. The group,
dron of sixty ships to assist Ptolemy; but though which consists of a male and female figure, the size
these succeeded in forcing their way out of the of life, has been differently explained. It used to
harbour of Salamis, they came too late to retrieve be taken to refer to the story of Papirius and his
the fortune of the day; and the total defeat of mother. (Aul. Gell. i. 23. ) Thiersch maintains
the Egyptian feet having extinguished all his that it is impossible not to recognise the Roman
hopes of succour, he immediately afterwards sur- matron in the female figure, and in both the ex-
rendered the city of Salamis, with all his forces, pression of maternal and filial love ; and he sup-
both military and naval, into the hands of Deme- poses that it represents some scene from the family
trius. The conqueror, with characteristic mag- life of the Caesars, probably Octavia and Marcel-
nanimity, sent him back to Egypt, accompanied by lus, “ Tu Marcellus eris, manibus date lilia plenis,”
his friends, and carrying with him all his private &c. (Epochen, pp. 295, 296. ) Winckelmann at
property. (Diod. xix. 62, 79, xx. 21, 47–53; first took it for Phaedra and Hippolytus (Geschichte
Plut. Demetr. 15–17; Justin. xv. 2; Paus. i. 6, d. Kunst, Vorrede, $ 5); but he afterwards ex-
6. ) From this time we hear no more of Mene- plained it as representing the recognition of Orestes
laus. There is a coin, aitributed to him, which by Electra (bk. xi. c. 2. $29), and this supposition
must have been struck during the period of his has been generally adopted. Thiersch (l. c. ) refers
occupation of Cyprus.
(Borrell, Notice de Quelques the work to the Augustan age. (Compare Ste-
Médailles des Rois de Chypre, p. 64. )
PHANUS. ]
[P. S. )
4. Onias, son of Simon, who was made high- MENE'MACHUS (Mevéuaxos), a physician
priest of the Jews by Antiochus Epiphanes, as born at one of the cities named Aphrodisias, who
sumed the name of Men us. (Joseph. Ant. xii belonged to the medical sect the Methodici, and
5. & 1. )
[E. H. B. ] lived in the second century after Christ. (Galen,
MENELA'US (Mevélaos), literary. 1. Of Introd. c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 684, De Meth. Med. i. 7,
Anaea in Caria, is called by Stephanus Byzantinus vol. x. p. 53, 54. ) He wrote some works which
(s. v. 'Avala) a peripatetic philosopher, and a great are not now extant, and is probably the physician
historian, but is otherwise unknown.
quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb. Acut. ii.
2. Of Maratho in Phoenicia, a Greek rhetorician, | 1. p. 75), Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos.
whose assistance C. Sempronius Gracchus was said iii. 1, vol. xii. p. 625), and Oribasius (Coll. Medic,
to have used in composing his speeches. (Cic. vii. 21, p ? '8, and in Matthaei's collection, Mosq.
1808). "The Menemachus, however, who is quoted
Brui. 26. )
## p. 1040 (#1056) ##########################################
1040
MENES.
MENESTHEUS.
ME
Areitb
136. &
2.
Borus
of the
&c. )
ME
ruan,
Antica
broagt
teder
life by
of his
dezno
conde
(Les
M
opet
chief
canje
mbea
Gladi
shoul
comp
M
Aw
Laci
for 1
(Bru
by Celsus (De Medic. vi. 9, p. 129), is not the Anal. ii. 12, iii
. 16 ; Diod. xvii. 64 ; Curt, v. 1;
same person, and must have lived at least a century Freinsh. ul loc. )
[E. E. )
earlier.
(W. A. G. ] MENESA ECH MUS (Mevécaixuos), an Athe-
MENE'NIA GENS, was a very ancient and nian, an inveterate enemy of the orator Lycurgus,
illustrious patrician house at Rome from B. c. 503 by whom he was impeached on a charge of impiety
to B. C. 376. Its only cognomen is Lanatus. (LA) and convicted. When Lycurgus ſelt his end
NATUS. ] Cicero (ad Fum. xiii. 9) mentions a drawing near, he had himself brought into the
Menenian tribe, and Appian a Menenius who was council to give an account of his public conduct,
proscribed by the triumvirs in B. C. 43, and rescued and Menesaechmus was the only man who ven-
from death by the self-devotion of one of his slaves. tured to find fault with it. He continued his hos-
(B. C. iv. 44. )
[W. B. D. ] tility to the sons of Lycurgus after their father's
MENEPHRON, an Arcadian, who is said to death, and so far succeeded in a prosecution against
have lived in incestuous intercourse with his them, that they were delivered into the custody of
mother Blias and his daughter Cyllene. (Ov. Mct. the Eleven. They were released, however, on the
vii. 386 ; Hygin. Fab. 253, who calls him Me- remonstrance of Demosthenes. (Pseudo-Plut. l'it.
nophrus. )
(L. S. ] X. Orat. Lycurg. ; Phot. Bill. Cod. 268 ; Suid.
MENES (Mévns), a Thracian, from whom the s. vv. Aukoûpyos, iponpoola; Harpocr. s. rv.
town of Menebria or Mesembria was said to have 'Apkúwpos, Anlattal. )
[E. E. ]
received its name. (Strab. vii. p. 319. ) (L. S. ] MENESAECHMUS. (MNES A ECH MUS. ]
MENES (Móvms). This is the most usual form MENESTIES, an architect, whose pseudo-
of the name, which, however, we also find written dipteral temple of Apollo is mentioned by Vitruvius
as Menas, Menis, Meinis, Men, Min, and Mein (iii. 2. $ 6. ed. Schneid. ).
[P. S. )
(Mnvās, Mņuis, Meivis, Mīv, Miv, Meiv). Menes MENESTHEUS (Meveoleús), a son of Peteus,
was the first king of Egypt, according to the tra- an Athenian king, who led the Athenians against
ditions of the Egyptians themselves. Herodotus Troy, and surpassed all other mortals in arranging
records of him that he built Memphis on a piece of the war-steeds and men for battle (Hom. Ii. ii.
ground which he had rescued from the river by 552, &c. , iv. 3:27; Philostr. Her. ii. 16 ; Paus. ii.
turning it from its former course, and erected 25. $ 6). With the assistance of the Tyndarids,
therein a magnificent temple to Hephaestus he is said to have driven Theseus from his king-
(. Pthah). (Comp. Diod. i. 50; Wess. ad loc. ) dom, and to have died at Troy (Plut. Thes. 32, 35 ;
Diodorus tells us that he introduced into Egypt the Paus. i. 17. § 6). A second personage of this
worship of the gods and the practice of sacrifices, name occurs in Virgil. (Aen. x. 129. ) [L. S. )
as well as a more elegant and luxurious style of MENESTHEUS (Meveodeús), son of Iphicrates,
living. As the author of this latter innovation, his the famous Athenian general, by the daughter of
memory was dishonoured many generations after- Cotys, king of Thrace. Hence he said that he
wards by king Tnephachthus, the father of Boc-owed more to his mother than to his father ; for
choris; and Plutarch mentions a pillar at Thebes that the latter, as far as in him lay, had made him
in Egypt, on which was inscribed an imprecation a Thracian ; the former had made him an Athe-
against Menes, as the introducer of luxury. There nian. (Nep. Iph. 3; comp. Vol. II. p. 617, a. ) He
is a legend also, preserved by Diodorus, which re- was born probably about B. C. 377 (see Rehdantz,
lates (in defiance of chronology, unless Mendes is Vit. Iphic. Chabr. Timoth. ii. & 4); and, as he grew
to be substituted for Menas), that he was saved up, his great height and size caused him to be
from drowning in the lake of Moeris by a crocodile, thought older than he really was, so that he was
in gratitude for which he established the worship called on, while yet a boy, to undertake deitoup-
of the animal, and built a city near the lake called glas, a demand which Iphicrates resisted. (Arist.
the City of Crocodiles, erecting there a pyramid to Rhet.
