Satyrus himself must have
flourished
about the III.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
93), that he reigned fourteen years,
xxvii. 48). All kinds of satyrs belong to the we must assign his accession to the year B. C. 407
retinue of Dionysus (Apollod. ii. 5. § 1; Strab. x. or 406 : but as the same authority allots only four
p. 468; Ov. Fast
. iii. 737, Ars Am. i. 542, iii. years to the reign of Seleucus, there is a gap in
157), and are always described as fond of wine, the chronology of twenty years, which are unac-
whence they often appear either with a cup or a counted for. There is little doubt that there is an
thyrsus in their hand (Athen. xi. p. 484), and of error in the numbers of Diodorus, but in which of
every kind of sensual pleasure, whence they are the two reigns it is impossible to say. M. de
reen sleeping, playing musical instruments or en- Boze, on the other hand, supposes (Mém. de l'Acad.
gaged in voluptuous dances with nymphs. (Apollod. des Inscr. vol. vi. p. 555) this interval to have been
ii. 1. § 4; Horat. Carm. ii, 19. 3, i. 1. 30; Ov. filled by another Spartacus, and that it was this
Met. i. 692, xiv. 637; Philostr. Vit. A poll. vi. 27; second king, and not Spartacus I. , who was the
Nonn. Dionys. xii. 82. ) Like all the gods dwell-father of Satyrus : but this seems a very forced
ing in forests and fields, they were greatly dreaded and unnecessary hypothesis. Our knowledge of
by mortals. (Virg. Eclog. vi. 13; Theocrit. xiii. the events of his reign is confined to the fact that
44; 0v. Her, iv. 49. )
he encouraged those friendly and commercial re-
3 A 4
## p. 728 (#744) ############################################
728
SATYRUS.
SAVERRIO.
lations with Athens, which he appenrs to have scene of the anecdote in Demosthenes being at
already found in existence, and which were still | Olynthus, or he may have settled at Olynthus.
farther extended by his son Leucon (LeucoN). 3. Another flute-player, perhaps a descendant
His conduct in this respect, as related by 180- of No. 1, of whom Aelian (''. H. xxxiii
. 13) tells
crates, would lead us to form a favourable estimate us that, having often heard the lectures of the
of his character (Isocrat. Trapezit. pp. 359, 360, Stoic philosopher ARISTON of Chios, he became so
370 ; Lysias pro Mantilh. p. 145; Demosth. c. attached to the study of philosophy as often to be
Lept. p. 467). He was slain at the siege of Theu- tempted to devote his flutes to the fate with which
p
dosia in B. c. 393, and was succeeded by his son, Pandarus in Homer (Il. v. 215) threatens his
Leucon. (Diod. xiv. 93 ; Harpocration. v. Oer- bow and arrows.
δοσίαν. )
3. A distinguished Peripatetic philosopher and
2. Satyrus II. was the eldest of the three historian, who lived in the time of Ptolemy Philo
bons of Paerisades I. , and was in consequence ap- pator, if not later. He wrote a collection of biogra-
pointed by his father to succeed him in the sove- phies, among which were lives of Philip and Demo-
reign power. But on the death of Paerisades (B. c. sthenes, and which is frequently cited by ancient
311), his second son Eumelus contested the crown writers. He also wrote on the population of
with his brother, and had recourse to the assist- Alexandria ; and a work Tepl xaparthpwv. (Vos-
ance of Aripharnes, king of one of the neighbouring sius, de Hist. Graec. p. 495, ed. Westermann;
Scythian tribes, who supported him with a large Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol
. iii. pp. 51, 504. )
army. Satyrus, however, defeated their combined
4. An epigrammatic poet, who is mentioned in
forces, and followed up his advantage by laying the titles to his epigrams in the Palatine and Pla-
biege to the capital of Aripharnes; but, while nudean Anthologies by the various names of
pressing the assault with vigour, he was himself Satyrius, Satyrus, Satyrus Thyillus, and Thyillus
mortally wounded, and died immediately after, or Thyülus alone. Jacobs supposes the epigrams to
having reigned hardly nine months from his fa- be by two different persons, the one named
ther's death. (Diod. xx. 22, 23, 26. )
Satyrus and the other Thyïllus. (Brunck, Anal.
It is probable that the Satyrus who is mentioned vol. ii. p. 276 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 252,
by Deinarchus (in Demosth. p. 95), among the xiii. pp. 949, 950. )
[P. S. ]
tyrants of Bosporus as early as B. C. 324, is the SATYRUS, artists. 1. One of the architects
same with the preceding, who may have been ad- of the celebrated Mausoleum, of which also he
mitted by his father to a share of the sovereign wrote a description. (Vitruv. vii. Praef. & 12;
power during his own lifetime.
PHILEUS ; for an account of the building see the
3. There is a king of Bosporus of the name of art. Mausoleum in the Dict. of Antiq. 2d ed. )
Satyrus, mentioned by Polyaenus (viii. 55), as 2. An architect who lived in Egypt under
waging unsuccessful wars with Tirgatao, a queen Ptolemy Philadelphus, and to whom some ascribed
of the Ixomatae, who is probably distinct from the transport to its site and the erection of one
either of the preceding, as that author represents of the great obelisks. (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 9. 8.
him as dying of grief for his ill success, and being 14. )
[P. S. ]
succeeded by his son Gorgippus. But nothing is SA'TYRUS (Zátupos), a physician in the
known of the period to which these events are to second century after Christ, a pupil of Quintus
be referred.
[E. H. B. ] (Galen, De Anatom. Admin, i. 1, 2, vol. ii. pp.
SA'TYRUS (Eátupos), literary. 1. A cele 217, 225 ; De Antil. i. 14, vol. xiv. p. 71 ; Com-
brated musician of Thebes, father of the flute ment, in Hippocr. “ De Nat. Hom. ” ij. 6, vol. xv.
player ANTIGENIDAS (Suid. s. v. 'Avriyevídas). p. 136 ; Comment. in Hippocr. “ Praedict. I. " i. 5,
Since his son was the flute-player of Philoxenus, vol. xvi. p. 521 ; Comment, in Hippocr. “ Epid.
Satyrus himself must have flourished about the III. " i. 29, vol. xvii. pt. i. p. 575), whose opinions
latter period of the Peloponnesian War. [Phi- he accurately preserved and transmitted to his own
LOXENUS, No. 1. ]
pupils without addition or omission (id. De Ord.
2. The son of Theognis, of Marathon, a dis- Libror. Suor. vol. xix. p. 58). He passed some years
tinguished comic actor at Athens, and a contempo- at Pergamus (id. vol. ii. p. 224), where he was one
rary of Denjosthenes, is said to have given instruc- of Galen's earliest tutors, about the year 149 (id.
tions to the young orator in the art of giving full vol. ii. p. 217, xiv. 69, xv. 136, xvi. 484, 524,
effect to his speeches by appropriate action. (Plut. xvii. A. 575, xix. 57). He wrote some anato-
Dem. 7. ) The same orator relates an honourable mical works (id. vol. xv. p. 136), and a commen-
anecdote of him, that having once been at a fes- tary on part (if not the whole) of the Hippocratic
tival given by Philip king of Macedon, after the Collection (id, vol. xvi. pp. 484, 524); but none
capture of Olynthus (B. C. 317), when the king of his writings are now extant. [W. A. G. )
was making large presents to all the other artists, SAVE'RRIO, the name of a patrician family of
Satyrus begged, as his reward, the liberation of the Sulpicia Gens.
two of the Olynthian captives, daughters of an 1. P. SULPICIUS SAVERRIO, consul B. C. 304,
old friend of his, to whom he afterwards gave with P. Sempronius Sophus. According to the
marriage portions at his own cost. (Dem. de fuls. Triumphal Fasti, Saverrio triumphed in this year
Leg. pp. 401, 402 ; Diod. xvi. 55. ) He is also over the Samnites ; but this appears to be an error,
mentioned incidentally by Plutarch (De se ips. c. since Livy relates that, though Saverrio remained
inv. laud. p. 545, f. ).
in Samnium with a small army, all hostilities were
Athenaeus (xiii. p. 591, e. ) quotes a statement suspended, while negotiations were carried on for
respecting Phryne from the Pamphila of “Sa- a peace. Towards the end of the year the peace
tyrus, the actor, of Olynthus," from which it was concluded. Livy says that the ancient alliance
would seem that Satyrus not only acted comedies, was restored to the Samnites ; but Niebuhr points
but also wrote some. Either Athenaeus may out that this is a mistake, and directs attention to
have called him an Olynthian carelessly, from the the statement of Dionysius, that, in the treaty
3
## p. 729 (#745) ############################################
SAURIAS.
729
SAUROMATES.
which was made, the Samnites acknowledged the SAUROMATES (Zavpouárns) is the name of
supremacy of Rome. In B. C. 229 Saverrio was several kings of Bosporus, who are for the most
censor with Sempronius Sophus, his former col- part known only from their coins. These bear
league in the consulship. In their censorship two most commonly the head of the reigning Roman
new tribes were formed, the Aniensis and Teren- emperor on the one side, and that of the king of
tina, (Liv. ix. 49, x. 9; Dionys. Exc. Legat. p. Bosporus on the other, in token of the dependent
2331, ed. Reiske ; Niebuhr, Hist. of Romc, vol. condition of the latter monarcbs. From this cir-
iii. pp. 258, 259. )
cumstance we are fortunately enabled to deterinine,
2. P. SULPICIUS P. P. SER. N. SAVERRIO, son approximately, the period at which the several
of the preceding, was consul B. C. 279, with P. kings of the name respectively reigned in Bos-
Decius Mus, and commanded, with his colleague, porus ; but, besides this, many of their coins bear
against Pyrrhus. The history of this campaign is dates which have been ascertained to be computed
given under Mus, No. 3, where the authorities are from an era corresponding with the year B. C. 296,
also cited.
thus enabling us to fix still more accurately their
SAUFEIUS. 1. C. SAUFEIUS, quaestor in chronology. (See Eckhel. vol. ii. p. 302. )
B. c. 100, was one of the partisans of Saturninus, 1. SAUROMATES I. was contemporary with
took refuge with him in the capitol, and was slain Augustus and Tiberius : and assumed, in compli-
along with his leader, when they were obliged to ment to the latter emperor, the names of Tiberius
surrender to Marius. (Cic. pro C. Rabir. 7 ; Ap Julius, which appear on some of his coins. The
pian, B. C. i. 32. ) (SATURNINUS, p. 724. ) date on the one annexed, incorrectly copied in the
2. M. SAUFBius, was a companion of Milo, and engraving, is q? , or 299, which corresponds
had taken the principal share in the murder of with A. D. 3: others bear dates as late as the year
Clodius, B. C. 52. After the condemnation of 310 of the Bosporan era, or A. D. 14. None of
Milo, he was accused under the lex Pompeia de Vi, those with the titles of Ti. Julius have any dates,
and escaped punishment by only a single vote. and Mionnet considers (apparently without suf-
He was accused a few days afterwards under the ficient reason) that these belong to a second king
lex Plautia, but was again acquitted. He was on of the name of Sauromates.
each occasion defended by Cicero. (Ascon. in According to Eckhel (Ib. p. 375), Pepaepiris was
Mil. p. 54, ed. Orelli. )
the wife of this Sauromates [PEPAEPIRIS); but
3. L. SAUFEIUS, á Roman eques, was an in- later numismatists consider her as the queen of
timate friend of Atticus, and, like the latter, a Mithridates king of Bosporus. It appears pro-
warm admirer of the Epicurean philosophy. He bable, also, that the true form of her name is
had very valuable property in Italy, which was Gepaepiris. (Dumersan, Médailles d'Allier, pp. 64,
confiscated by the triumvirs ; but Atticus exerted | 66 ; Mionnet. Suppl. iv. pp. 482, 496. )
himself on behalf of his friend with so much success,
that the latter received intelligence, at the same
time, of the confiscation and restitution of his pro-
perty. (Cic. ad Att. i. 3, ii. 8, iv. 6, vi. 9, vii. 1,
xiv. 18, xv. 4 ; Corn. Nep. Att. 12. )
4, 5. APP. SAUFEIUS, and D. SAUFEJUS, a
scriba, are mentioned by Pliny, as two instances of
sudden death (H. N. vii. 53. s. 54).
6. SaufeiUS TROGUS was put to death in A. D.
48, because he had been privy to the marriage of
Messalina with Silius (Tac. Ann.
xxvii. 48). All kinds of satyrs belong to the we must assign his accession to the year B. C. 407
retinue of Dionysus (Apollod. ii. 5. § 1; Strab. x. or 406 : but as the same authority allots only four
p. 468; Ov. Fast
. iii. 737, Ars Am. i. 542, iii. years to the reign of Seleucus, there is a gap in
157), and are always described as fond of wine, the chronology of twenty years, which are unac-
whence they often appear either with a cup or a counted for. There is little doubt that there is an
thyrsus in their hand (Athen. xi. p. 484), and of error in the numbers of Diodorus, but in which of
every kind of sensual pleasure, whence they are the two reigns it is impossible to say. M. de
reen sleeping, playing musical instruments or en- Boze, on the other hand, supposes (Mém. de l'Acad.
gaged in voluptuous dances with nymphs. (Apollod. des Inscr. vol. vi. p. 555) this interval to have been
ii. 1. § 4; Horat. Carm. ii, 19. 3, i. 1. 30; Ov. filled by another Spartacus, and that it was this
Met. i. 692, xiv. 637; Philostr. Vit. A poll. vi. 27; second king, and not Spartacus I. , who was the
Nonn. Dionys. xii. 82. ) Like all the gods dwell-father of Satyrus : but this seems a very forced
ing in forests and fields, they were greatly dreaded and unnecessary hypothesis. Our knowledge of
by mortals. (Virg. Eclog. vi. 13; Theocrit. xiii. the events of his reign is confined to the fact that
44; 0v. Her, iv. 49. )
he encouraged those friendly and commercial re-
3 A 4
## p. 728 (#744) ############################################
728
SATYRUS.
SAVERRIO.
lations with Athens, which he appenrs to have scene of the anecdote in Demosthenes being at
already found in existence, and which were still | Olynthus, or he may have settled at Olynthus.
farther extended by his son Leucon (LeucoN). 3. Another flute-player, perhaps a descendant
His conduct in this respect, as related by 180- of No. 1, of whom Aelian (''. H. xxxiii
. 13) tells
crates, would lead us to form a favourable estimate us that, having often heard the lectures of the
of his character (Isocrat. Trapezit. pp. 359, 360, Stoic philosopher ARISTON of Chios, he became so
370 ; Lysias pro Mantilh. p. 145; Demosth. c. attached to the study of philosophy as often to be
Lept. p. 467). He was slain at the siege of Theu- tempted to devote his flutes to the fate with which
p
dosia in B. c. 393, and was succeeded by his son, Pandarus in Homer (Il. v. 215) threatens his
Leucon. (Diod. xiv. 93 ; Harpocration. v. Oer- bow and arrows.
δοσίαν. )
3. A distinguished Peripatetic philosopher and
2. Satyrus II. was the eldest of the three historian, who lived in the time of Ptolemy Philo
bons of Paerisades I. , and was in consequence ap- pator, if not later. He wrote a collection of biogra-
pointed by his father to succeed him in the sove- phies, among which were lives of Philip and Demo-
reign power. But on the death of Paerisades (B. c. sthenes, and which is frequently cited by ancient
311), his second son Eumelus contested the crown writers. He also wrote on the population of
with his brother, and had recourse to the assist- Alexandria ; and a work Tepl xaparthpwv. (Vos-
ance of Aripharnes, king of one of the neighbouring sius, de Hist. Graec. p. 495, ed. Westermann;
Scythian tribes, who supported him with a large Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol
. iii. pp. 51, 504. )
army. Satyrus, however, defeated their combined
4. An epigrammatic poet, who is mentioned in
forces, and followed up his advantage by laying the titles to his epigrams in the Palatine and Pla-
biege to the capital of Aripharnes; but, while nudean Anthologies by the various names of
pressing the assault with vigour, he was himself Satyrius, Satyrus, Satyrus Thyillus, and Thyillus
mortally wounded, and died immediately after, or Thyülus alone. Jacobs supposes the epigrams to
having reigned hardly nine months from his fa- be by two different persons, the one named
ther's death. (Diod. xx. 22, 23, 26. )
Satyrus and the other Thyïllus. (Brunck, Anal.
It is probable that the Satyrus who is mentioned vol. ii. p. 276 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 252,
by Deinarchus (in Demosth. p. 95), among the xiii. pp. 949, 950. )
[P. S. ]
tyrants of Bosporus as early as B. C. 324, is the SATYRUS, artists. 1. One of the architects
same with the preceding, who may have been ad- of the celebrated Mausoleum, of which also he
mitted by his father to a share of the sovereign wrote a description. (Vitruv. vii. Praef. & 12;
power during his own lifetime.
PHILEUS ; for an account of the building see the
3. There is a king of Bosporus of the name of art. Mausoleum in the Dict. of Antiq. 2d ed. )
Satyrus, mentioned by Polyaenus (viii. 55), as 2. An architect who lived in Egypt under
waging unsuccessful wars with Tirgatao, a queen Ptolemy Philadelphus, and to whom some ascribed
of the Ixomatae, who is probably distinct from the transport to its site and the erection of one
either of the preceding, as that author represents of the great obelisks. (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 9. 8.
him as dying of grief for his ill success, and being 14. )
[P. S. ]
succeeded by his son Gorgippus. But nothing is SA'TYRUS (Zátupos), a physician in the
known of the period to which these events are to second century after Christ, a pupil of Quintus
be referred.
[E. H. B. ] (Galen, De Anatom. Admin, i. 1, 2, vol. ii. pp.
SA'TYRUS (Eátupos), literary. 1. A cele 217, 225 ; De Antil. i. 14, vol. xiv. p. 71 ; Com-
brated musician of Thebes, father of the flute ment, in Hippocr. “ De Nat. Hom. ” ij. 6, vol. xv.
player ANTIGENIDAS (Suid. s. v. 'Avriyevídas). p. 136 ; Comment. in Hippocr. “ Praedict. I. " i. 5,
Since his son was the flute-player of Philoxenus, vol. xvi. p. 521 ; Comment, in Hippocr. “ Epid.
Satyrus himself must have flourished about the III. " i. 29, vol. xvii. pt. i. p. 575), whose opinions
latter period of the Peloponnesian War. [Phi- he accurately preserved and transmitted to his own
LOXENUS, No. 1. ]
pupils without addition or omission (id. De Ord.
2. The son of Theognis, of Marathon, a dis- Libror. Suor. vol. xix. p. 58). He passed some years
tinguished comic actor at Athens, and a contempo- at Pergamus (id. vol. ii. p. 224), where he was one
rary of Denjosthenes, is said to have given instruc- of Galen's earliest tutors, about the year 149 (id.
tions to the young orator in the art of giving full vol. ii. p. 217, xiv. 69, xv. 136, xvi. 484, 524,
effect to his speeches by appropriate action. (Plut. xvii. A. 575, xix. 57). He wrote some anato-
Dem. 7. ) The same orator relates an honourable mical works (id. vol. xv. p. 136), and a commen-
anecdote of him, that having once been at a fes- tary on part (if not the whole) of the Hippocratic
tival given by Philip king of Macedon, after the Collection (id, vol. xvi. pp. 484, 524); but none
capture of Olynthus (B. C. 317), when the king of his writings are now extant. [W. A. G. )
was making large presents to all the other artists, SAVE'RRIO, the name of a patrician family of
Satyrus begged, as his reward, the liberation of the Sulpicia Gens.
two of the Olynthian captives, daughters of an 1. P. SULPICIUS SAVERRIO, consul B. C. 304,
old friend of his, to whom he afterwards gave with P. Sempronius Sophus. According to the
marriage portions at his own cost. (Dem. de fuls. Triumphal Fasti, Saverrio triumphed in this year
Leg. pp. 401, 402 ; Diod. xvi. 55. ) He is also over the Samnites ; but this appears to be an error,
mentioned incidentally by Plutarch (De se ips. c. since Livy relates that, though Saverrio remained
inv. laud. p. 545, f. ).
in Samnium with a small army, all hostilities were
Athenaeus (xiii. p. 591, e. ) quotes a statement suspended, while negotiations were carried on for
respecting Phryne from the Pamphila of “Sa- a peace. Towards the end of the year the peace
tyrus, the actor, of Olynthus," from which it was concluded. Livy says that the ancient alliance
would seem that Satyrus not only acted comedies, was restored to the Samnites ; but Niebuhr points
but also wrote some. Either Athenaeus may out that this is a mistake, and directs attention to
have called him an Olynthian carelessly, from the the statement of Dionysius, that, in the treaty
3
## p. 729 (#745) ############################################
SAURIAS.
729
SAUROMATES.
which was made, the Samnites acknowledged the SAUROMATES (Zavpouárns) is the name of
supremacy of Rome. In B. C. 229 Saverrio was several kings of Bosporus, who are for the most
censor with Sempronius Sophus, his former col- part known only from their coins. These bear
league in the consulship. In their censorship two most commonly the head of the reigning Roman
new tribes were formed, the Aniensis and Teren- emperor on the one side, and that of the king of
tina, (Liv. ix. 49, x. 9; Dionys. Exc. Legat. p. Bosporus on the other, in token of the dependent
2331, ed. Reiske ; Niebuhr, Hist. of Romc, vol. condition of the latter monarcbs. From this cir-
iii. pp. 258, 259. )
cumstance we are fortunately enabled to deterinine,
2. P. SULPICIUS P. P. SER. N. SAVERRIO, son approximately, the period at which the several
of the preceding, was consul B. C. 279, with P. kings of the name respectively reigned in Bos-
Decius Mus, and commanded, with his colleague, porus ; but, besides this, many of their coins bear
against Pyrrhus. The history of this campaign is dates which have been ascertained to be computed
given under Mus, No. 3, where the authorities are from an era corresponding with the year B. C. 296,
also cited.
thus enabling us to fix still more accurately their
SAUFEIUS. 1. C. SAUFEIUS, quaestor in chronology. (See Eckhel. vol. ii. p. 302. )
B. c. 100, was one of the partisans of Saturninus, 1. SAUROMATES I. was contemporary with
took refuge with him in the capitol, and was slain Augustus and Tiberius : and assumed, in compli-
along with his leader, when they were obliged to ment to the latter emperor, the names of Tiberius
surrender to Marius. (Cic. pro C. Rabir. 7 ; Ap Julius, which appear on some of his coins. The
pian, B. C. i. 32. ) (SATURNINUS, p. 724. ) date on the one annexed, incorrectly copied in the
2. M. SAUFBius, was a companion of Milo, and engraving, is q? , or 299, which corresponds
had taken the principal share in the murder of with A. D. 3: others bear dates as late as the year
Clodius, B. C. 52. After the condemnation of 310 of the Bosporan era, or A. D. 14. None of
Milo, he was accused under the lex Pompeia de Vi, those with the titles of Ti. Julius have any dates,
and escaped punishment by only a single vote. and Mionnet considers (apparently without suf-
He was accused a few days afterwards under the ficient reason) that these belong to a second king
lex Plautia, but was again acquitted. He was on of the name of Sauromates.
each occasion defended by Cicero. (Ascon. in According to Eckhel (Ib. p. 375), Pepaepiris was
Mil. p. 54, ed. Orelli. )
the wife of this Sauromates [PEPAEPIRIS); but
3. L. SAUFEIUS, á Roman eques, was an in- later numismatists consider her as the queen of
timate friend of Atticus, and, like the latter, a Mithridates king of Bosporus. It appears pro-
warm admirer of the Epicurean philosophy. He bable, also, that the true form of her name is
had very valuable property in Italy, which was Gepaepiris. (Dumersan, Médailles d'Allier, pp. 64,
confiscated by the triumvirs ; but Atticus exerted | 66 ; Mionnet. Suppl. iv. pp. 482, 496. )
himself on behalf of his friend with so much success,
that the latter received intelligence, at the same
time, of the confiscation and restitution of his pro-
perty. (Cic. ad Att. i. 3, ii. 8, iv. 6, vi. 9, vii. 1,
xiv. 18, xv. 4 ; Corn. Nep. Att. 12. )
4, 5. APP. SAUFEIUS, and D. SAUFEJUS, a
scriba, are mentioned by Pliny, as two instances of
sudden death (H. N. vii. 53. s. 54).
6. SaufeiUS TROGUS was put to death in A. D.
48, because he had been privy to the marriage of
Messalina with Silius (Tac. Ann.
