No More Learning

61
See "Les Petits Bollandistes, Vies des
Saints," tome vi. , —p. 456. " Article xv. z Thus :
Kilreuli Fothadi episcopi primi, qui in Scotia sedem certain habuerit et ornamenta Ecclesiae suae
multa
contulit,
inter alia
Euangelium argen-
8 The same him at the authority places
3rd
to
teatheca— inclusit,
ause nomen "
while his death is
Menologium Scotorum,"
4th day
of
bat. S. " Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of A. D. 1093.
assigned
Evidences, P. No. 2, and n. , p. 125.
3 See "De Scotorum Fortitudine," &c, lib. iii. , cap. iv. , p. 152.
Sanctorum," Junii iv. , tomus i. Among the pretermitted saints,
P- 375-
s See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints,"
P- 35°-
xxiv. , p. 339. Edition of Walter Goodall. ,0 See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 682, 683.
XI It be that this date does may observed,
not agree with either Bishop of the name.
a See " Ilistoria Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i,, lib. vi. , num. 545, p.
289.
_
4 See "Acta
ipsius prsefere-
February,
Scottish Saints," p, 202. 9 See Joannis de Fordum " Scotichroni- 2 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' " Culdees of the con," cum supplements et continuatione
British Islands, as they appear in History," Waltere Boweri, &c, vol. i. , lib. vi. , cap.
4th
June,
in the 61 year 467.
136 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 4.
sacro, adversus Dunstanum," lib. i. , which he asserts was extant in his time,
although his other assumed writings have perished, owing to the injury caused by time. 12 The earliest bishop of the Scottish Isles is called Fothadh, son of Bran, a scribhnidh or scribe. 13 That he was a writer of books appears to be very probable, from that account. Also, his period has been referred to that
of Indulf, who reigned from a. d. 954 to 962/4
As will be seen, hereafter,
this king has been synchronized with Fothad II. 15 through a mistake of For- ,
dun. 16 According to this account, Fothad had been banished from his See by Indulf. St. Fothad died a. d. 961, according to the " Annals of the Four Masters;" but, the true year was 963. '? While the foregoing entry is sup-
of Ross, and
21 but neither is he called a saint. by
18 the Pictish Chronicle
the Four Masters plied by only,
J 9 the of death, during reign Niger,
Fothad, bishop,
virtues. He is said to have made peace between Grimus, the- eighty-second King of Scotland, and Malcolm II. , at a time, when both were prepared to
join issue in hostile array. Clothed in his episcopal robes, Fothad, the Bishop, intervened ; and, such was the reverence entertained for him, that
lived, he should continue unmolested on his throne of Scotland, while after his death, Malcolm was to succeed him, and his posterity were to continue
thelegitimateinheritorsofhisroyalty. 23 HavingswornontheHolyGospels to observe this covenant, both dynasts laid aside their warlike preparations,
andwillinglysetaboutprocuringthepublicwelfareofthekingdom. 2* Itissaid,
the son of Malcolm. is mentioned with
simply
high commendation, by John Lesley,
Hector
The latter writer praises him for his clemency, and for his other distinguished
Bishop
by
Boetius,
and
conditions of a truce he established between them, that so long as Grimus
he was enabled to
appease,
their
anger
quarrels,
Fothad was banished from his 25
See, byIndulphus.
26
that the The last known Gaelic or Culdee Bishop of St. Andrews was Fothadh, who died in the same 28 as Malcolm Ceanmore. The See remained vacant the three
2 ?
year
succeeding reigns.
Bishop Fothet caused an inscription to be made,3°was preserved to the time
bishop
lived
eight years afterwards,
and died a. d.
1093.
2?
13 See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 682, 683.
,4 See E. William Robertson's "Scot-
Gospels,
In Scotichronicon," vol. cap. xxiv. , p. 319.
i. , lib.
vii. ,
Scotichroni-
'7 See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
con," vol. i. , lib. vi. , cap xxiv. , p. 339.
26 This is an incorrect statement, however,
A case for the Book of
during
and on which the
land under her Early Kings," vol. i. , chap. et Rebus Gestis Scotorum," lib. v. , cap.
iii. , p. 75, 76.
15 See an account of him, in the Second
Volume of this work, at the 3rd day of
lxxxii. , p. 192.
2* See Hector Boece, " Scotorum Histo-
rue," lib. xi. , fol. ccxlv.
2S Fordun represents him to be the first
"
February, Art. iii. 16 "
bishop of St. Andrews. See
Four Masters," vol. ii. , n. (o), pp. 6S3, since Indulphus was not contemporaneous
with him, but rather with St. Fothad I.
18 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life "7 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's of St. Columba," Additional Notes (O), p. "Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes
684.
394, n. (k), ibid. 9 " Foihach
episcopus pausavit. "
— (O). p. 402.
28 This was a. d. to the 1093, according
Annals of Ulster.
2? See E. William Robertson's " Scotland
William F. Skene's and Scots," p. 10.
"
Chronicles of the Picts
20 See "De Origine, Moribus et Rebus under her Early Kings," vol. i. , chap, vii. ,
192.
21 See "Scotorum Historic," lib. xi. ,
fol. ccxliv.
22 The particulars of this quarrel are very minutely set forth by Hector Boece, in
Gestis Scotorum," lib. v. , cap. lxxxii. , p. p. 174.
30 "
It is
alsostated,
" Scotorum Historic, lib. xi. . , fol. ccxliii. to ccxlv.
23 See " De Moribus John Lesley, Orgine
On —
it were these words: Hanc Evangelii thecam construxit aviti. " The Legend of St. Andrew, in William F. Skene's "Chronicles of the Picts and S
p. 190.
records his Another and later
20
22 as the by proposing
June 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 137
of Fordun. 31 While the of the first of that name in the period Fothad, bishop
See of St. Andrews, is not indicated ; the Fothad or Fothach, who gave a superb case to the Gospels, has been entered under the year 1065, in the list of prelates belonging to this See. 32
Article XVI. —St. Breaca, or Breague, Virgin, in Cornwall. \_Fifth or Sixth Century^ A short account of this holy virgin is found, in
2 An
the works of Rev. Alban Butler x and of the Rev. S.
ancient Life of St. Breacha had been written, and from this John Leland, the antiquary, has taken short extracts. Her original Celtic name appears to have been Breague, which is Latinized Breacha. That old Life of—St. Breacca states, that she was born in the parts of Lagonia and Ultonia 3 rather an indefinite description. Some have it, that St. Breca was one of St. Patrick's disciples; but, this is more than questionable. 4 St. Breaca is said to have lived in a monastery, which St. Brigid founded in the plain of Breagh, after she had built an oratory. 5 St. Breacha must have lived in the fifth or sixth century, according to this account. From Ireland, she went to Cornwall,6 about the time, when Theodoric king of that territory reigned, and ascribed to the year 460.
It is said, that his part of Britian was anciently called by
" the
while the Saxons afterwards called it Cornweales, interpreted to be " Cornish
Wales. "? St. Breagwasattendedbymanyholypersons,andamongthese were Sinninus alias Senanus, an Abbot who had been at Rome with St.
Patrick, Germmochus, said to have been an Irish king, and several others, according to tradition. 8 Marnanus a monk, Elwen, Crewenna, Helena and
Tecla are also named,9 as having accompanied her. She landed at Reyver, which was situated on the eastern bank of the Hayle river. At present, it is
its Kernouor people
Kerniw, signifying
horn,"
Latinized to Cornubia
;
called the Alan. It was situated in the hundredth of Penrith. 10 Theodorick or Tewder IX had his castle of residence, and he is said to have
church was built in that place to her honour. It was afterwards much fre- quentedbypilgrims,andmanymiracleswerewroughtathertomb. Beacca came to Pencair and to Trenewith, and she built a church in Trenewith and Talmeneth, as we read in the Life of St.
multitude who
led a solitary life at Reyver, and became renowned for her holiness. J 3 A
slain a of the great part
holy
accompanied
31 "
See Scotichronicon," vol. i. , lib. vi. ,
8 SeeWilliam
torical and Monumental of the County of
Borlase's "Antiquities His 32 See Rev. Dr. Mackenzie E. C. Cornwall," vol. i. , book iv. , chap, x. , sect.
cap, xxiv. , ed. Goodall, vol. i. , p. 339. Walcott's "Scoti—-Monasticon," pp. 84, 85.
iii. , p. 370.
9 See Leland's
*
Article xvi See "Lives
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal saints," vol. vi. , June iv.
2
See "Lives of the Saints," vol. vi. ,
p. 5.
IO See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the
Fathers, iMartyrs and other principal saints,"
vol. vi. , June iv. " " I:
of the
"Itinerary," vol. iii. ,
p. 36.
3 See The Itinerary of John Leland, So is he called in The Itinerary of
vol. iii. , p. 5. John Leland, vol. iii. , p. 5. " I2
4 See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's Lives of See William Borlase's "Antiquities the Saints," vol. vi. , June 4th, p. 36. Historical and Monumental of the County of 5 See "The Itinerary" of John Leland, Cornwall," vol. i. , bookiv. , chap, x. , sect,
vol. iii. , p. 5.
6 See William Borlase's "Antiquities
Historical and Monumental, of the County of Cornwall," vol. i. , book iv. , chap, x. ,
sect,
iii. , p. 370.
7 See Lewis' "Topographical Dictionary
of England," vol. i. , p. 687.
iii. , p. 370.
I3 See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal saints," vol. vi. , June iv.
I4 See "The of Itinerary
vol. iii. , p. 5.
I5 Quoted by Leland.
'
Baring-Gould.
Elwin. 14 According to the ancient
St. 12 She Breag.
""
John Leland,
There,
138 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 5.
Exeter Martyrology of B. Grandison, 1 * this saint was formerly venerated on
the 4th of June, in the diocese of Exeter. According to the Rev. Alban
" 16
Butler's Lives of the Saints," Breaca, now Breague, a Virgin, was honoured,
at the 4th of June. This holy Irish virgin is entered for the same date, in
1 the Circle of the Seasons. ''
Article XVII. —St. Burian, or Buriana, of Cornwall. In Rev.
Alban Butler's 1 and in the Circle of the work,
Seasons;
woman, is mentioned, at the 4th of June. She appears to have left her native
country, and to have passed over to Cornwall. 3 There she had an oratory, in which she is said to have been buried/ Going into Scylly, and thence return- ing, King Athelstan made a vow to build a college where St. Buriana's oratory stood. 5 Accordingly,withinsightoftheScillyRocks,hefoundedacollegiate church in her honour. 6 The church of St. Buryens enjoyed the privilege of asanctuary. InthetimeofJohnLeland,theantiquary,notmorethaneight dwelling-houses were there. 7
jftftl) Bap of Suite.
ARTICLE I. —ST. BONIFACE, APOSTLE OF GERMANY, AND HIS COMPANIONS, MARTYRS.
[SEVENTH AND EIGHTH CENTURIES. ]
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—ANCIENT AND MODERN LIVES OF ST. BONIFACE—HIS ORIGIN AND PLACE OF BIRTH—HIS EARLY TRAINING AND RELIGIOUS DISPOSITIONS—HE CHOSES A RELIGIOUS STATE OF LIFE—HIS TEACHERS AND STUDIES—PROMOTED TO THE PRIESTHOOD—SELECTED TO ATTEND A SYNOD AMONG THE WEST SAXONS—HE RESOLVES ON BECOMING A MISSIONARY AMONG THE PEOPLE OF FRISIA—HE LEAVES ENGLAND FOR THIS PURPOSE.
illustrious Apostle of Germany, St. Boniface, has been classed
THE our Irish
among Saints, resting
on those testimonies adduced in the present effort to evolve and epitomize his biography. No doubt, a very general impression prevails, that England had been the country of his birth ; and accordingly, several modern writers have advanced statements, resting on very credible sources, to accept such a conclusion. Scotland has claimed the honour of his nativity, likewise, on the ground, that some early and ex-
16 See vol. vi. ,
June
iv.
4 See Lewis' " of Topographical Dictionary
England," vol. i. , p. 437.
syee Gough's Camden's "Britannia,"
vol. i. , p. 12.
6 He placed a Dean and Three Prebends
in the College. See William Borlase's
" Historical and Monumental of Antiquities
the County of Cornwall," vol. i. , book iv. ,
chap. xi. , sect, iv. , p. 383.
* See p. 156. — Article xvii.
*
See "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal saints,"
vol. vi. , June iv.
9 See p. 156.
3 See William Borlase's "
Historical and Monumental of the County of Cornwall," vol. i. , book iv. , chap, xi. , sect, iv. , p. 383.
Antiquities
7
See his
"
Itinerary," vol. vii. , p. 108.
2 St. an Irish Burian,
Jqne 5. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
139
1 cellent authorities have pronounced his father and mother to be Scots, while
2
St. Boniface himself is expressly denominated a Scottish Archbishop; in one
instance, he is called a Scot by birth. 3 It is easy, however, to show, that these applications of such terms can only have reference to Ireland. 4 Hence,
Ave may regard the controversy on this subject, as being practically narrowed totheclaimsofIrelandandEngland. WhileweofIrelandshouldrejoiceto have the matter of evidence for the birth of St. Boniface decided in our favour; far be it from our intention or desire, in the interests of historic truth, to de- prive England of the credit to which she is justly entitled, by having an addi- tional great name added to the bead-roll of her illustrious sons. In any case, it seems more than probable, that some of St. Boniface's missionary aids and companions in martyrdom were from Ireland; while, a knowledge of his apostolic career must be necessary, to illustrate the lives of many holy and learned Irishmen and Irishwomen, who flourished during his age and after his time on the Continent of—
ful matter. From this
Epistles,
These sources we have chiefly relied upon, to
natu. " "
Ecclesias-
the accounts of men who lived con- religious
temporaneously with St. Boniface ; and, he even appears to intimate, that these accounts had been committed to writings, which he had used. Among others, he tells us, that Bishop Lull was one of his authorities.
by
to — Scottus, referring him,
of St. Boniface.
pie But,
"patie atque etiam matre Scottum. "
Pertz's " Monumenta Germanise Historica,"
tomusv. , p. 545.
2
Again, at a. d. 723, in the same work, Marianus calls him—"Sancti Scotti Archi- episcopi Bonifacii. " See ibid.
Europe.
niface dedicated to Lullus and
TheLifeofSt. Bo— temporaneous bishops
tract,
their most reliable accounts.
furnish matter for the present biography; but, they are supplemented,
also, from other ancient and modern documents and records. There is a "Vita Sancti Bonifacii Episcopi Moguntini et Martyris," auctore Willibaldo secun-
con- is said tohavebeenthediscipleofoursaint, althoughthisseemstobeaverydoubt- 10 and from his own writers have taken
was written by a priest, named Willibald. 8
7
He
dum priorem, ut videtur, conscriptionem, very lately edited.