*7 See that
beautiful
song of Dr.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v3
, pp.
191 to 202.
^* Ricemarchus, Giraldus Cambrensis,
John of Teignmouth, and John Capgrave agree in relating this tradition.
*5 See Giraldus' Life, lect. i. Camden re-
gards this district as conterminous with the
present Cardiganshire, in Wales. It appears to have been included within the territory of
Demetia. Itissupposed,bysomewHters, to have derived its name from King Ceretus
account of this incident, related in the text,
"
it was anciently called the
the Gift ;" and, because St. David afterwards became an alumnus there, and while still later, as archbishop, he was guardian of those precious treasures deposited at Me- nevia.
*? The Monastery of Ma—nchanj who was
or Caraticus, the paternal grandfather of St. David. The sea lay westward of this terri-
tory ; to the south, the Maridunenses or people of Caermarthen were separated by
the Tivy River ; to the north and east, ex- " tended the present Shires of Brecknock and Montgomery. The Britons called this dis-
trict Sire Aber-tivi. See Gough's Camden's
Monasterium. "
=s Wherefore, we are told, the Britons
=9 " Sanctus, quem tinctio baptism! Dauid, Ussher's "De Primordiis Britannicarum vulgus antem Dewi clamat," says the
"Britannia," vol. ii. , p. 524. See, also, Ecclesiarum," cap. xiv. , p. 442.
Utrecht MS. , published by the Bollandists.
30 also thatSt. Davidflourished xhey state,
in the hfth and sixth centuries,
^'^ "AdNautanum
ing to the Bollandist Utercht MS. This
Monasterium,"
accord-
at the 21st of March—seems to have been identified with that of Rosnat in Britain. Yet, says the Bollandist editor, it may be doubtful if it were identical with the Rosnat here men- tioned, and which, on account of many gifts
bestowed on it, received for its appellation,
the master of St. i^ndeus venerated
Depositi
called St. David " Dewi Deverur," which %\^\'ii&'i, David, the Waterman, \s:z\. . \.
water.
Monastery of
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[March i.
came a disciple of St. Amator and St. Germanus, until by advice of this latter holy master, he sought Pope Celestine, and received episcopal ordination. In passing through Wales, about the period intimated by the Bollandists, it is supposed, he predicted St. David's birth to take place thirty years subse- quently ; for, they do not think it probable, this prophetic incident can be as- signed to A. D. 432, on his returning from Rome, or to about a. d. 459, when he madeathirdvisittothiscity,afterhavingestablishedhisseeofArmagh. 3' The nameofDavid'sfather—wasSanctus,32—sometimescalledSandde,orXantus,one oftheKingsofWales thatofhismotherhasbeenvariouslyrenderedNon,
Nonna, Nennita, Nonnita, Nemata,33 Melaria34 and Melari. ss Sheis said to have been the daughter of Bracan or Brecan, an Irish prince, who died a. d. 450. 2^ Our saint was a nephew to St. Canoe, of Gallen,37 in the King's County,32
according to this family connexion ; and, this latter holy man flourished, it is thought, towards the close of the fifth century. 39 David was born in Breck- nock, a part of Wales in which Nonna's father settled, and from him its present etymon has been derived. It would not, indeed, be an easy task, to deter- mine in a satisfactory manner, the variety of appellations bestowed on the mother of St. David, or to trace their respective affinities, if any such may happen to exist. It would seem, the revelation made to Ireland's great Apostle occurred subsequent to that previously related. If we credit Roth's MS. Life of our Saint, when venerable Patrick,t° having obtained his" Pontifical dignity, passed through Ceretica'*'' on returning from Rome, he cast his eyes over the beautiful vale, Rhos, or Rosina. ^^ Then, he desired to rest in a spot, suit- ablefordevoutprayerandcontemplation. Again,theAngelofGodwasheard
to " The Lord has not destined this say :
for
as a still
greater
David, who, thirty years hence, shall here be born. Let this prove a sign for you ; the wide extent of Irish shore shall be visible from this locality. " St. Patrick's eyes were raised from the ground, where he stood, when these
you,43
legation and charge await you. The whole land of Ireland, you are appointed to convert ; but, this spot must become the inheritance of a boy, named
3' See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Martii i. Vita S. Davidis. Commentarius Praevius, sect, ii, num. 10, p. 39.
3* Giraldus Cambrensis and John of Teign- njputh have so called him. The former says
appended learned explanatory notes, in the "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," at the llth
day of P'ebruary. See pp. 311 to 314. This Priory of Gallen, according to Harris' Ware, was founded by St. Cauoc or Mochenoc,
about A. D. 492. See vol. ii. , "Antiquities
of our saint,
"
Arthur! vero regis avunculus,
fuisse perhibetur. "
33 Colgan remarks : rectius forte Neni-
39 In the Illustrations to Drayton's Poly- Olbion," the Fourth Song, reports are said to have prevailed in Wales, that he was "uncle to King Arthur," the most renowned of ancient British monarchs.
t° See his Life, at the 17th of March.
41 Or " Demetica intrans rura," as read in the Utrecht MS.
••2 " Vallis Menevia aliis, prope urbem S.
nata, quod Hibernicis olim feminis fuit familiare, nisi et rectius Nonnita. Sic enim S. Davidis mater apud Capgravium in ejus
vitaetapud Vsserum, pag. 442 appellatur. " "
See ActaSanctorumHibernise,"i. Martii.
Vita S. Davidis, n. 7, p. 431. 34 "
Illustra- tions to the Fourth Song. These illustra-
Drayton's Poly-Olbion. "
tions were written by Selden.
35 in Vita S. calls her Capgrave, Keinse,"
Melari. See Rev. John Adams' Chroni- cles of Cornish Saints," No. v. , S. David.
3* According to a MS. , quoted by Sir R. C.
Davidis. " (Bollandisteditor. )
Holt, in his notes to the
"
Itinerarium Cam-
Davidem prte ceteris hanc Abbatiam dilex- isse, quia B. Patricius, ipsam fundavit," (Lib. ii. , cap. 3).
'•'• Many other things are added in an ac- count left us by Giraldus. We are told, that St. Patrick raised a dead man, named Dun- audus, to life, in this place. Ricemarc, in his Life of St. David, calls him Cruimther. It is added, that he remained twelve years buried, near that shore, and afterwards sail-
brise," lib. i. , cap. 2, and the Martyrology of Salisbury, at the 8ih of October.
37 See notices of hmi, at the ilth of Feb-
ruary.
3* Colgan has compiled the Acts of this
saint from different sources, and he has
place
of Ireland," chap, xxxviii. , p. 263. ""
^3 of "S. Yet, John Teignmouth says:
•March i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
heaven-sent sounds had ceased/* On his range of vision flashed the whole land of Erin, we are told/s There afterwards stood a chapel/'^ Even then, in the proud language of an Irish poet, as it
"rose from the dark swelling flood, God bless'd the green island, and saw it was good ;
The em'rald of Europe, it sparkled and shone,
In the ring of the world, the most precious stone. In her sun, in hei; soil, in her station thrice blest, *^
Ireland was still more favoured, when her great Apostle St. Patrick took " heart of grace," for his destined missionary enterprise. He soon sailed over the Irish Channel to conquer on her soil, and to gain over her sons those happy victories, that planted Christianity on the ruins of Paganism. ''^
Thirty years had elapsed, after these heavenly manifestations, when the King of Ceretica travelled through a large district of Wales, anciently known
by the name, Demetrica, or as more generally and diversely written, Deme- tica, Demetia, Dimeta, or Demeta. '^s This region appears to have included a considerable angular portion of south-western Wales. s° At its extreme western point lies Menevia, now better known and named, as St. David's episcopal city. Within this district of Demeta,s^ the mother of our saint
ing with St. Patrick to Ireland, he became
a bishop.
*5 The Bollandists observe, although Rice-
marc and Giraldus assert this whole island
was miraculously seen from that place, whence St. Patrick proposed embarking for Ireland ; yet, Ussher says, such account is a fiction, not found in earlier Acts of St. David. Theremanyothermattersareseen, which Ussher quotes from Giraldus. Some of these are reproduced in the BoUandist notes. The words attributed to John of Teignmouth, by Ussher, are met with in
niae," i. Martii. Vita S. Davidis, cap. i. , ii. , p. 425.
'" Camden has given us a description of this ancient territory, which is called West Wales. Pliny supposed it to have been occupied, by the Silures ; but, Ptolemy, better acquainted with Britain, placed a people called Dimetae or Demetie here ; whilst both Gildas and Ninnius use the name Demetia. The Cambro-British called it Difed, by a change of/ into m, peculiar to their language. Camden maintains the name should be derived from Deheu Meath. \\h. \c\\ he renders the Plain to the South ; for the Britons are said to have called all this South Wales, Deheerbarth or the South Part. But, his editor says,^ it is more probable, the Romans formed this name, Divietcz, out of
See Camden's "Britan- Dyved. Gough's
nia," p. 504, and n. (b). Ibid.
5° As laid down in the Atlas Classica,
Demeta seems to comprise the Shires of Pembroke, Cardigan, and Caermarthen. See the edition of this work, published by Robert Wilkinson, London, 1808. Royal 4to.
"Vita S. Davidis," by John Capgrave, in ''"
his work, Nova Legenda Angliae, printed at London, a. d. mdxvi.
** Teignmouth describes the place, whence the wliole of Ireland was seen by St. Patrick,
See
magna, in qua est lapis, super quern stetit ante ostium cujusdam capellae antiquas, quam ego oculis vidi et manibus palpavi. " These very words occur in Capgrave's book. He
Ussher, p. 845.
had been an Augustinian hermit. See M. "
le Dr. Hoefer's Nouvelle Biographie Generale depuis les Temps les plus Recules
5' The Demetiau or Demeticau territory— thesiteof—whichhasbeenplacedbyPtolemy
jusqu'anosJours,"tomeviii. ,p. 575-John of Teignmouth was at first a priest, attached to the Church of Durham. _ Afterwards, he became a Benedictine monk of St. Alban's, where he lived about the year 1360. He wrote or compiled a large volume on the Lives, Actions and Miracles of English,
contained Pem-
broke, Caermarthen, and Ceretica districts.
But this supposition appears contrary to
what is related in St. David's Acts, viz. : that his father set out from Ceretica and
"
Menevia, sita est in Penbrokiae Commitatus promontorio spa- cioso, quod grandi fronte in Oceanum Ver-
ginium longe procedit : OKTawLrapov &Kpov appellat PtolenicEus, Britanni incolce Pebi- diaue and CantredDewi, Angli S. David's- land, id est S. Davidis ditionem, et ipsam urbem Meneviam Bfitaniii Tuy-Deui, id est domus Deui sive Davidis, et Angli S.
Welsh, Scotch, and Irish Saints. See "
Joannes Pitseus, De lUustribus Anglise
"
tomus i. , Martii i. Vita S. Davidis, Com-
mentarius Prsevius, sect, i. , n. 5, pp. 38, 39.
*7 See that beautiful song of Dr. Drennan,
Scriptoribus. " Also,
Acta Sanctorum,"
and intituled, *" See
Erin. "
" Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
" Colgan's
" Erat vallis satis
in Britain is said to have
went into Demetica.
ing to the site of this church, Giraldus Cam- brensis writes, that it was situated in a place called Kanmorva or Cair Morua, which means a Maritime Fori or Town, in the
ostendit : quje et in medium divisa dolenti matri condoluit. " And Capgrave tells us, that a church was afterwards built on this spot, while the stone itself rested as a founda-
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March i.
lived, and she is described as a lady, possessing rare beauty and gracefulness. These qualifications endeared her to the king. s^ From the time of St. David's conception,s3 we are told, that she lived solely on bread and water, afterwards leading a celibate's life. While yet in his mother's womb, the advent of our saint was signalized by miracles. Shortly before his birth, the mother entered a certain church,54 where a very celebrated and holy man, named Gildas,55 preached God's word to the people. As if struck suddenly dumb, on her entering, the preacher ceased his discourse ; and, he declared, on being asked the reason for this silence, he felt unable to announce divine truths in the ordinary way. Gildas then requested his congregation to leave the church ; and no other person remained within, but our saint's mother, who continued there unknown to the preacher. Yet, another attempt to speak, made by this holy teacher, was not attended with better success. Wherefore, raising hisvoice,headjuredanypersonyetremainingtorevealthefact. Oursaint's mother then made known her presence. The preacher requested her to leave the church, so that his congregation might return. This order having been obeyed, the holy man found his tongue capable of giving expression to his ordinary religious and impressive sermons. Thus did the Almighty manifest his power, and indicate to all present the future greatness and eloquenceofanunbornchild. ^^ LiketheBlessedVirginMary,wecanhave little doubt, his mother treasured these remarkable incidents within her heart. 57 When the Saviour of this world deigned to enlighten it by his presence, the wicked tyrant Herod sought to learn the place of his birth, from those pilgrim Magi, that came from the East to adore him. This monster,however,designedtheinfantSaviour'sdeath,^^ Ashappenedinthe case of our Divine Master, a tyrant of Demeta planned the infanticide of David, when his birth had occurred. This wicked and envious man had learned from British Magi, the whole country around must become subject to thatchild,afterhisbeingborn. Theyhadevenpointedouttheexactplace, where his mother should be found living, when her term of child-bearing had elapsed. The Almighty, however, miraculously preserved the pious matron and her infant charge. 59 At the very moment of St. David's birth, a mighty tempest, mingled with lightning, hail, thunder and rain, swept the whole country around, so that no person dare venture out of doors. Yet, by a strange contrast, the air was perfectly serene, the skies were lightsome, nor did any storms prevail, near the house, where this religious woman experi- enced the pains and consolations of such heaven-protected maternity. ^ In
"
Acta Sanctorum," tonius i. , Mariii i. Vita S. Daviclis, Com-
mentarius Praevius, sect, i. , num. 4, p. 38. 5* We are told, he met Nonnita, when "ad partes de Pepidiaue declinaverat. "
Lect. i.
53 Referring to this incident, the Utrecht
MS. relates a legend, not found in Roth's MS.
5* " Ad offerendas pro partu eleemosynas
oblationem," says the Utrecht MS. AUud- veluti cera impressum, petram intuentibus
T>zmd% appellant. " See
^s See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nias," i. Martii. Vita S. Davidis, cap. iii,, iv. , pp. 425, 426.
English language. See Vita S. Davidis. tion for its altar, which covered the stone.
John Capgrave has a similar account, in his Life of our Saint.
55 Known as St. Gildas the "Wise. His feast is kept on the 29th of January.
"
See Legenda Sanctorum Anglia;. "
*°
See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nias," i. Martii. Vita S. Davidis, cap. v. , p. 426.
57 See Luke
^^ Matthew ii.
59 The Utrecht MS. contains the
referring to the time of St. David's birth :
ii. , 19.
following legend, not to be found in Roth's MS. , and
" vero dolore in Urgente
petra, qua; juxta erat, manibus innixa est : qua; vestigium
'
writers of our saint's Acts, viz. , that David
was born in 462, if they thought so, their authority is still of little weight. We do not know, whether they were rightly in- formed, concerning the year ol St. Patrick's arrival in Ireland. The notation of thirty intermediate years cannot then form a correct chronological date. "I do not know," writes Dr. Lanigan, "how it came to pass that the compilers of the Acts of our saints were so fond of the number thirty, as we have seen in the accounts of St. Patrick, St. Brigid, St. Finnian, &c. Jocelin gives a different turn to that prophecy, and attribut- ing one somewhat like it to St. Patrick him- self, who, he says (cap. 167), happening to be in Britain some years after the com- mencement of his mission, foretold the sanctity of St. David then in his mother's womb. " See " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, iv. , sect, ix. , n. 136, pp. 471, 472.
^3 See his Life, at the 12th of September.
^^ Ailbe's reputation, until about A. u. 490, had not been so generally established, as to
Iliberniae," i. Martii. Vita S. Davidis, n.
8, p. 431.
'-^ Giraldus writes, that St. David was
born at a place, near the present St. David's, and that he was baptized at Porth Clais or
Portcleis, by i^ilueus, or Albeus, Bishop of Munster. Ussher says, that Portcleis was near Menevia, and that its name had not been changed, even in his time. Giraldus Cambrensis, in his Life of St. David, ac- cording to the old edition, instead of Ailbe, has Relveus, Bishop of Menevia, who, he says, had just arrived in Britain, from Ire- land. But, as Ussher observes (p. 871), there was no Bishop of Menevia before St. David, and as Giraldus himself allows, he first built there a cathedral church. No necessity for this observation exists, if we follow Wharton's edition in Anglia Sacra, tom. ii. Giraldus' text here is Adveo Muven- iensium episcopi, and it plainly refers to Ailbe, Bishop of Munster. In the Life of this latter holy man, David's father is said to have given his son to St. Albeus, " ut nutriret eum Deo. " And, afterwards, it is
March i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
this physical world, storms and aerial disturbances are required to render our
atmosphere clear and salubrious ; the moral order of our lives is usually
purified by chastening persecutions and afflictions. If he were a grandson to the Irish prince, Bracan, or Brecan, by his mother's side, and a nephew to St. Canoe of Gallen, David could hardly have been born in the year 462,^^ Some
writers maintain, his birth occurred at this date, upon an unproved supposi- tion, that he came into the world, thirty years after St. Patrick was about to arrive in Ireland, when engaging on his great mission. ^^ Now, we are also informed, that soon after his birth, St. David was baptized by St. Helvacus, otherwise, Ailbe,^3 the Bishop of Munster. Hardly can we believe, that St. Ailbe was bishop so early as 462 ; yet, this is not very clear. We have a further probable indication, regarding David not having been born at this date, from what we find mentioned, concerning his birth and future greatness having been predicted by this Ailbe. ^* Another account, in the Welsh Annals, places St. David's nativity, under a. d. 458, the thirtieth year after the death of Patrick of Menevia. ^s Immediately at his birth, David was baptized, according to one account, by Bishop Elisus,^^ but, other writers call
®'
In the Acts of St. David, it is said, when St. Patrick happened to be in the Vallis Rosina, in which Menevia was situ- ated, an Angel foretold, that after thirty years a child would be born. He should bear the name of David, it was announced,
and at a proper time, he would have care of that place. Soon afterwards, St. Patrick set out for Ireland, where he arrived in the year 432. Hence, Ussher has concluded, . that St.
"
David was born in 462. See rum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates,
fifth century, or perhaps to the beginning of the sixth. Meanwhile, those thirty years, already treated of, must be omitted from such calculations. See ibid. , n. 138, p. 472.
*5 See *' Annales Cambrise," edited by the Rev. John Williams ab Ithel, p. 3.
Britannica- cap. xvii. , p. 452 ; and " Inde. x Chronologicus," A. D.
Life, but also in the Acts of St. Ailbe, which
Colgan promised to give at the 12th of Sep-
tember, his feast day. But we are admon- ished, that this baptism by Ailbeus did not take place before A. D. 432, when St. Patrick journeyed from Italy through Britain, on his way to Ireland. It took place on a subse- quent occasion, A. D. 462. according to Colgan, when St. Ailbe is thought to have been in
"
Ussher's calculation would answer very
CCCCLXII. , p. 521.
*^
well, if it could be proved the Angel spoke
in that manner. For, as to the opinion of this part of Wales. See "Acta Sanctorum
have had
to him. If, then, we may be allowed to build upon such traditions, David's birth must be brought down to the close of the
stated "
:
est David sanctus
predictions
of this sort attributed
Ipse
Episcopus :
*°
This is stated, not only in St. David's
cujus reliquiae requiescunt in civitate sua Ceallmuni, quje est in Britannia. "
10 LIVES OF . THE IRISH SAINTS.
[March i.
him Helveus or Ailbeus, Bishop of Munster. ^7 St. David gave sight to a bhnd man, who held him, whilst the water was being poured upon him. We are again told, this blind man used as a lotion for his eyes, that very water, whichhadflowedontheheadofDavid,duringhisbaptism. Thismiraculous act the infant is supposed to have performed, through some holy inspiration. In the very same place, a beautiful and clear fountain of water sprung from earth. It served for the matter of baptism. As the rising sun dispels the shades of night, so this newly-born child gave sight to the blind, and he enlightened, likewise, in a miraculous manner, the pagan society of his age and country.
CHAPTER II.
THE MONASTERY OF EOSNAT OR KILMUNE—ST. DAVID NURTURED IN OLD MENEVIA— THE DOVE, AN EMBLEM OF HIS INNOCENCE AND HOLINESS—IT IS PROBABLE, ST. DAVID AND ST. FINNIAN OF CLONARD WERE EARLY COMPANIONS—ST. DAVID EDUCATED AT FIRST BY ILLTUTUS—AFTERWARDS INSTRUCTED BY PAULINUS— ORDAINED A PRIEST—HE RESTORES PAULINUS TO THE USE OF SIGHT—OBSERVA- TIONS CONCERNING ILLTUTUS AND PAULINUS.
From allusions already made to the celebrated Monastery of Manchen, it is somewhat incumbent on us to trace out—so far as can possibly be done— both its origin, and that of its founder. Yet, it will not be an easy matter to determine, who was this Manchan, or, as he is sometimes called, Nennius, under various forms of writing. There are divers reasons adduced, for sup- posing him to have been an Irishman, by race and birth. In any history or Martyrology known, we cannot find one bearing such a name, and belonging to the British nation. ^ Yet, we must endeavour to discover one having this cognomen, who had attained some degree of celebrity, even before St. David's birth, and who settled in the valley of Rosnat, where he lived in a monastery, known as Kill-mune. Such attempt would lead us to a conclusion, that Manchan probably lived before, or at least soon after, the commencement of the fifth century. In our Irish Calendars, as we are told, are found many different saints, bearing this name, and their Natales occur as follows,* viz. : At January 2nd,3 i3th,4 and 24th ;5 at February 14th ;^ at March ist;?
^* Ricemarchus, Giraldus Cambrensis,
John of Teignmouth, and John Capgrave agree in relating this tradition.
*5 See Giraldus' Life, lect. i. Camden re-
gards this district as conterminous with the
present Cardiganshire, in Wales. It appears to have been included within the territory of
Demetia. Itissupposed,bysomewHters, to have derived its name from King Ceretus
account of this incident, related in the text,
"
it was anciently called the
the Gift ;" and, because St. David afterwards became an alumnus there, and while still later, as archbishop, he was guardian of those precious treasures deposited at Me- nevia.
*? The Monastery of Ma—nchanj who was
or Caraticus, the paternal grandfather of St. David. The sea lay westward of this terri-
tory ; to the south, the Maridunenses or people of Caermarthen were separated by
the Tivy River ; to the north and east, ex- " tended the present Shires of Brecknock and Montgomery. The Britons called this dis-
trict Sire Aber-tivi. See Gough's Camden's
Monasterium. "
=s Wherefore, we are told, the Britons
=9 " Sanctus, quem tinctio baptism! Dauid, Ussher's "De Primordiis Britannicarum vulgus antem Dewi clamat," says the
"Britannia," vol. ii. , p. 524. See, also, Ecclesiarum," cap. xiv. , p. 442.
Utrecht MS. , published by the Bollandists.
30 also thatSt. Davidflourished xhey state,
in the hfth and sixth centuries,
^'^ "AdNautanum
ing to the Bollandist Utercht MS. This
Monasterium,"
accord-
at the 21st of March—seems to have been identified with that of Rosnat in Britain. Yet, says the Bollandist editor, it may be doubtful if it were identical with the Rosnat here men- tioned, and which, on account of many gifts
bestowed on it, received for its appellation,
the master of St. i^ndeus venerated
Depositi
called St. David " Dewi Deverur," which %\^\'ii&'i, David, the Waterman, \s:z\. . \.
water.
Monastery of
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[March i.
came a disciple of St. Amator and St. Germanus, until by advice of this latter holy master, he sought Pope Celestine, and received episcopal ordination. In passing through Wales, about the period intimated by the Bollandists, it is supposed, he predicted St. David's birth to take place thirty years subse- quently ; for, they do not think it probable, this prophetic incident can be as- signed to A. D. 432, on his returning from Rome, or to about a. d. 459, when he madeathirdvisittothiscity,afterhavingestablishedhisseeofArmagh. 3' The nameofDavid'sfather—wasSanctus,32—sometimescalledSandde,orXantus,one oftheKingsofWales thatofhismotherhasbeenvariouslyrenderedNon,
Nonna, Nennita, Nonnita, Nemata,33 Melaria34 and Melari. ss Sheis said to have been the daughter of Bracan or Brecan, an Irish prince, who died a. d. 450. 2^ Our saint was a nephew to St. Canoe, of Gallen,37 in the King's County,32
according to this family connexion ; and, this latter holy man flourished, it is thought, towards the close of the fifth century. 39 David was born in Breck- nock, a part of Wales in which Nonna's father settled, and from him its present etymon has been derived. It would not, indeed, be an easy task, to deter- mine in a satisfactory manner, the variety of appellations bestowed on the mother of St. David, or to trace their respective affinities, if any such may happen to exist. It would seem, the revelation made to Ireland's great Apostle occurred subsequent to that previously related. If we credit Roth's MS. Life of our Saint, when venerable Patrick,t° having obtained his" Pontifical dignity, passed through Ceretica'*'' on returning from Rome, he cast his eyes over the beautiful vale, Rhos, or Rosina. ^^ Then, he desired to rest in a spot, suit- ablefordevoutprayerandcontemplation. Again,theAngelofGodwasheard
to " The Lord has not destined this say :
for
as a still
greater
David, who, thirty years hence, shall here be born. Let this prove a sign for you ; the wide extent of Irish shore shall be visible from this locality. " St. Patrick's eyes were raised from the ground, where he stood, when these
you,43
legation and charge await you. The whole land of Ireland, you are appointed to convert ; but, this spot must become the inheritance of a boy, named
3' See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Martii i. Vita S. Davidis. Commentarius Praevius, sect, ii, num. 10, p. 39.
3* Giraldus Cambrensis and John of Teign- njputh have so called him. The former says
appended learned explanatory notes, in the "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," at the llth
day of P'ebruary. See pp. 311 to 314. This Priory of Gallen, according to Harris' Ware, was founded by St. Cauoc or Mochenoc,
about A. D. 492. See vol. ii. , "Antiquities
of our saint,
"
Arthur! vero regis avunculus,
fuisse perhibetur. "
33 Colgan remarks : rectius forte Neni-
39 In the Illustrations to Drayton's Poly- Olbion," the Fourth Song, reports are said to have prevailed in Wales, that he was "uncle to King Arthur," the most renowned of ancient British monarchs.
t° See his Life, at the 17th of March.
41 Or " Demetica intrans rura," as read in the Utrecht MS.
••2 " Vallis Menevia aliis, prope urbem S.
nata, quod Hibernicis olim feminis fuit familiare, nisi et rectius Nonnita. Sic enim S. Davidis mater apud Capgravium in ejus
vitaetapud Vsserum, pag. 442 appellatur. " "
See ActaSanctorumHibernise,"i. Martii.
Vita S. Davidis, n. 7, p. 431. 34 "
Illustra- tions to the Fourth Song. These illustra-
Drayton's Poly-Olbion. "
tions were written by Selden.
35 in Vita S. calls her Capgrave, Keinse,"
Melari. See Rev. John Adams' Chroni- cles of Cornish Saints," No. v. , S. David.
3* According to a MS. , quoted by Sir R. C.
Davidis. " (Bollandisteditor. )
Holt, in his notes to the
"
Itinerarium Cam-
Davidem prte ceteris hanc Abbatiam dilex- isse, quia B. Patricius, ipsam fundavit," (Lib. ii. , cap. 3).
'•'• Many other things are added in an ac- count left us by Giraldus. We are told, that St. Patrick raised a dead man, named Dun- audus, to life, in this place. Ricemarc, in his Life of St. David, calls him Cruimther. It is added, that he remained twelve years buried, near that shore, and afterwards sail-
brise," lib. i. , cap. 2, and the Martyrology of Salisbury, at the 8ih of October.
37 See notices of hmi, at the ilth of Feb-
ruary.
3* Colgan has compiled the Acts of this
saint from different sources, and he has
place
of Ireland," chap, xxxviii. , p. 263. ""
^3 of "S. Yet, John Teignmouth says:
•March i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
heaven-sent sounds had ceased/* On his range of vision flashed the whole land of Erin, we are told/s There afterwards stood a chapel/'^ Even then, in the proud language of an Irish poet, as it
"rose from the dark swelling flood, God bless'd the green island, and saw it was good ;
The em'rald of Europe, it sparkled and shone,
In the ring of the world, the most precious stone. In her sun, in hei; soil, in her station thrice blest, *^
Ireland was still more favoured, when her great Apostle St. Patrick took " heart of grace," for his destined missionary enterprise. He soon sailed over the Irish Channel to conquer on her soil, and to gain over her sons those happy victories, that planted Christianity on the ruins of Paganism. ''^
Thirty years had elapsed, after these heavenly manifestations, when the King of Ceretica travelled through a large district of Wales, anciently known
by the name, Demetrica, or as more generally and diversely written, Deme- tica, Demetia, Dimeta, or Demeta. '^s This region appears to have included a considerable angular portion of south-western Wales. s° At its extreme western point lies Menevia, now better known and named, as St. David's episcopal city. Within this district of Demeta,s^ the mother of our saint
ing with St. Patrick to Ireland, he became
a bishop.
*5 The Bollandists observe, although Rice-
marc and Giraldus assert this whole island
was miraculously seen from that place, whence St. Patrick proposed embarking for Ireland ; yet, Ussher says, such account is a fiction, not found in earlier Acts of St. David. Theremanyothermattersareseen, which Ussher quotes from Giraldus. Some of these are reproduced in the BoUandist notes. The words attributed to John of Teignmouth, by Ussher, are met with in
niae," i. Martii. Vita S. Davidis, cap. i. , ii. , p. 425.
'" Camden has given us a description of this ancient territory, which is called West Wales. Pliny supposed it to have been occupied, by the Silures ; but, Ptolemy, better acquainted with Britain, placed a people called Dimetae or Demetie here ; whilst both Gildas and Ninnius use the name Demetia. The Cambro-British called it Difed, by a change of/ into m, peculiar to their language. Camden maintains the name should be derived from Deheu Meath. \\h. \c\\ he renders the Plain to the South ; for the Britons are said to have called all this South Wales, Deheerbarth or the South Part. But, his editor says,^ it is more probable, the Romans formed this name, Divietcz, out of
See Camden's "Britan- Dyved. Gough's
nia," p. 504, and n. (b). Ibid.
5° As laid down in the Atlas Classica,
Demeta seems to comprise the Shires of Pembroke, Cardigan, and Caermarthen. See the edition of this work, published by Robert Wilkinson, London, 1808. Royal 4to.
"Vita S. Davidis," by John Capgrave, in ''"
his work, Nova Legenda Angliae, printed at London, a. d. mdxvi.
** Teignmouth describes the place, whence the wliole of Ireland was seen by St. Patrick,
See
magna, in qua est lapis, super quern stetit ante ostium cujusdam capellae antiquas, quam ego oculis vidi et manibus palpavi. " These very words occur in Capgrave's book. He
Ussher, p. 845.
had been an Augustinian hermit. See M. "
le Dr. Hoefer's Nouvelle Biographie Generale depuis les Temps les plus Recules
5' The Demetiau or Demeticau territory— thesiteof—whichhasbeenplacedbyPtolemy
jusqu'anosJours,"tomeviii. ,p. 575-John of Teignmouth was at first a priest, attached to the Church of Durham. _ Afterwards, he became a Benedictine monk of St. Alban's, where he lived about the year 1360. He wrote or compiled a large volume on the Lives, Actions and Miracles of English,
contained Pem-
broke, Caermarthen, and Ceretica districts.
But this supposition appears contrary to
what is related in St. David's Acts, viz. : that his father set out from Ceretica and
"
Menevia, sita est in Penbrokiae Commitatus promontorio spa- cioso, quod grandi fronte in Oceanum Ver-
ginium longe procedit : OKTawLrapov &Kpov appellat PtolenicEus, Britanni incolce Pebi- diaue and CantredDewi, Angli S. David's- land, id est S. Davidis ditionem, et ipsam urbem Meneviam Bfitaniii Tuy-Deui, id est domus Deui sive Davidis, et Angli S.
Welsh, Scotch, and Irish Saints. See "
Joannes Pitseus, De lUustribus Anglise
"
tomus i. , Martii i. Vita S. Davidis, Com-
mentarius Prsevius, sect, i. , n. 5, pp. 38, 39.
*7 See that beautiful song of Dr. Drennan,
Scriptoribus. " Also,
Acta Sanctorum,"
and intituled, *" See
Erin. "
" Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
" Colgan's
" Erat vallis satis
in Britain is said to have
went into Demetica.
ing to the site of this church, Giraldus Cam- brensis writes, that it was situated in a place called Kanmorva or Cair Morua, which means a Maritime Fori or Town, in the
ostendit : quje et in medium divisa dolenti matri condoluit. " And Capgrave tells us, that a church was afterwards built on this spot, while the stone itself rested as a founda-
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March i.
lived, and she is described as a lady, possessing rare beauty and gracefulness. These qualifications endeared her to the king. s^ From the time of St. David's conception,s3 we are told, that she lived solely on bread and water, afterwards leading a celibate's life. While yet in his mother's womb, the advent of our saint was signalized by miracles. Shortly before his birth, the mother entered a certain church,54 where a very celebrated and holy man, named Gildas,55 preached God's word to the people. As if struck suddenly dumb, on her entering, the preacher ceased his discourse ; and, he declared, on being asked the reason for this silence, he felt unable to announce divine truths in the ordinary way. Gildas then requested his congregation to leave the church ; and no other person remained within, but our saint's mother, who continued there unknown to the preacher. Yet, another attempt to speak, made by this holy teacher, was not attended with better success. Wherefore, raising hisvoice,headjuredanypersonyetremainingtorevealthefact. Oursaint's mother then made known her presence. The preacher requested her to leave the church, so that his congregation might return. This order having been obeyed, the holy man found his tongue capable of giving expression to his ordinary religious and impressive sermons. Thus did the Almighty manifest his power, and indicate to all present the future greatness and eloquenceofanunbornchild. ^^ LiketheBlessedVirginMary,wecanhave little doubt, his mother treasured these remarkable incidents within her heart. 57 When the Saviour of this world deigned to enlighten it by his presence, the wicked tyrant Herod sought to learn the place of his birth, from those pilgrim Magi, that came from the East to adore him. This monster,however,designedtheinfantSaviour'sdeath,^^ Ashappenedinthe case of our Divine Master, a tyrant of Demeta planned the infanticide of David, when his birth had occurred. This wicked and envious man had learned from British Magi, the whole country around must become subject to thatchild,afterhisbeingborn. Theyhadevenpointedouttheexactplace, where his mother should be found living, when her term of child-bearing had elapsed. The Almighty, however, miraculously preserved the pious matron and her infant charge. 59 At the very moment of St. David's birth, a mighty tempest, mingled with lightning, hail, thunder and rain, swept the whole country around, so that no person dare venture out of doors. Yet, by a strange contrast, the air was perfectly serene, the skies were lightsome, nor did any storms prevail, near the house, where this religious woman experi- enced the pains and consolations of such heaven-protected maternity. ^ In
"
Acta Sanctorum," tonius i. , Mariii i. Vita S. Daviclis, Com-
mentarius Praevius, sect, i. , num. 4, p. 38. 5* We are told, he met Nonnita, when "ad partes de Pepidiaue declinaverat. "
Lect. i.
53 Referring to this incident, the Utrecht
MS. relates a legend, not found in Roth's MS.
5* " Ad offerendas pro partu eleemosynas
oblationem," says the Utrecht MS. AUud- veluti cera impressum, petram intuentibus
T>zmd% appellant. " See
^s See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nias," i. Martii. Vita S. Davidis, cap. iii,, iv. , pp. 425, 426.
English language. See Vita S. Davidis. tion for its altar, which covered the stone.
John Capgrave has a similar account, in his Life of our Saint.
55 Known as St. Gildas the "Wise. His feast is kept on the 29th of January.
"
See Legenda Sanctorum Anglia;. "
*°
See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nias," i. Martii. Vita S. Davidis, cap. v. , p. 426.
57 See Luke
^^ Matthew ii.
59 The Utrecht MS. contains the
referring to the time of St. David's birth :
ii. , 19.
following legend, not to be found in Roth's MS. , and
" vero dolore in Urgente
petra, qua; juxta erat, manibus innixa est : qua; vestigium
'
writers of our saint's Acts, viz. , that David
was born in 462, if they thought so, their authority is still of little weight. We do not know, whether they were rightly in- formed, concerning the year ol St. Patrick's arrival in Ireland. The notation of thirty intermediate years cannot then form a correct chronological date. "I do not know," writes Dr. Lanigan, "how it came to pass that the compilers of the Acts of our saints were so fond of the number thirty, as we have seen in the accounts of St. Patrick, St. Brigid, St. Finnian, &c. Jocelin gives a different turn to that prophecy, and attribut- ing one somewhat like it to St. Patrick him- self, who, he says (cap. 167), happening to be in Britain some years after the com- mencement of his mission, foretold the sanctity of St. David then in his mother's womb. " See " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, iv. , sect, ix. , n. 136, pp. 471, 472.
^3 See his Life, at the 12th of September.
^^ Ailbe's reputation, until about A. u. 490, had not been so generally established, as to
Iliberniae," i. Martii. Vita S. Davidis, n.
8, p. 431.
'-^ Giraldus writes, that St. David was
born at a place, near the present St. David's, and that he was baptized at Porth Clais or
Portcleis, by i^ilueus, or Albeus, Bishop of Munster. Ussher says, that Portcleis was near Menevia, and that its name had not been changed, even in his time. Giraldus Cambrensis, in his Life of St. David, ac- cording to the old edition, instead of Ailbe, has Relveus, Bishop of Menevia, who, he says, had just arrived in Britain, from Ire- land. But, as Ussher observes (p. 871), there was no Bishop of Menevia before St. David, and as Giraldus himself allows, he first built there a cathedral church. No necessity for this observation exists, if we follow Wharton's edition in Anglia Sacra, tom. ii. Giraldus' text here is Adveo Muven- iensium episcopi, and it plainly refers to Ailbe, Bishop of Munster. In the Life of this latter holy man, David's father is said to have given his son to St. Albeus, " ut nutriret eum Deo. " And, afterwards, it is
March i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
this physical world, storms and aerial disturbances are required to render our
atmosphere clear and salubrious ; the moral order of our lives is usually
purified by chastening persecutions and afflictions. If he were a grandson to the Irish prince, Bracan, or Brecan, by his mother's side, and a nephew to St. Canoe of Gallen, David could hardly have been born in the year 462,^^ Some
writers maintain, his birth occurred at this date, upon an unproved supposi- tion, that he came into the world, thirty years after St. Patrick was about to arrive in Ireland, when engaging on his great mission. ^^ Now, we are also informed, that soon after his birth, St. David was baptized by St. Helvacus, otherwise, Ailbe,^3 the Bishop of Munster. Hardly can we believe, that St. Ailbe was bishop so early as 462 ; yet, this is not very clear. We have a further probable indication, regarding David not having been born at this date, from what we find mentioned, concerning his birth and future greatness having been predicted by this Ailbe. ^* Another account, in the Welsh Annals, places St. David's nativity, under a. d. 458, the thirtieth year after the death of Patrick of Menevia. ^s Immediately at his birth, David was baptized, according to one account, by Bishop Elisus,^^ but, other writers call
®'
In the Acts of St. David, it is said, when St. Patrick happened to be in the Vallis Rosina, in which Menevia was situ- ated, an Angel foretold, that after thirty years a child would be born. He should bear the name of David, it was announced,
and at a proper time, he would have care of that place. Soon afterwards, St. Patrick set out for Ireland, where he arrived in the year 432. Hence, Ussher has concluded, . that St.
"
David was born in 462. See rum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates,
fifth century, or perhaps to the beginning of the sixth. Meanwhile, those thirty years, already treated of, must be omitted from such calculations. See ibid. , n. 138, p. 472.
*5 See *' Annales Cambrise," edited by the Rev. John Williams ab Ithel, p. 3.
Britannica- cap. xvii. , p. 452 ; and " Inde. x Chronologicus," A. D.
Life, but also in the Acts of St. Ailbe, which
Colgan promised to give at the 12th of Sep-
tember, his feast day. But we are admon- ished, that this baptism by Ailbeus did not take place before A. D. 432, when St. Patrick journeyed from Italy through Britain, on his way to Ireland. It took place on a subse- quent occasion, A. D. 462. according to Colgan, when St. Ailbe is thought to have been in
"
Ussher's calculation would answer very
CCCCLXII. , p. 521.
*^
well, if it could be proved the Angel spoke
in that manner. For, as to the opinion of this part of Wales. See "Acta Sanctorum
have had
to him. If, then, we may be allowed to build upon such traditions, David's birth must be brought down to the close of the
stated "
:
est David sanctus
predictions
of this sort attributed
Ipse
Episcopus :
*°
This is stated, not only in St. David's
cujus reliquiae requiescunt in civitate sua Ceallmuni, quje est in Britannia. "
10 LIVES OF . THE IRISH SAINTS.
[March i.
him Helveus or Ailbeus, Bishop of Munster. ^7 St. David gave sight to a bhnd man, who held him, whilst the water was being poured upon him. We are again told, this blind man used as a lotion for his eyes, that very water, whichhadflowedontheheadofDavid,duringhisbaptism. Thismiraculous act the infant is supposed to have performed, through some holy inspiration. In the very same place, a beautiful and clear fountain of water sprung from earth. It served for the matter of baptism. As the rising sun dispels the shades of night, so this newly-born child gave sight to the blind, and he enlightened, likewise, in a miraculous manner, the pagan society of his age and country.
CHAPTER II.
THE MONASTERY OF EOSNAT OR KILMUNE—ST. DAVID NURTURED IN OLD MENEVIA— THE DOVE, AN EMBLEM OF HIS INNOCENCE AND HOLINESS—IT IS PROBABLE, ST. DAVID AND ST. FINNIAN OF CLONARD WERE EARLY COMPANIONS—ST. DAVID EDUCATED AT FIRST BY ILLTUTUS—AFTERWARDS INSTRUCTED BY PAULINUS— ORDAINED A PRIEST—HE RESTORES PAULINUS TO THE USE OF SIGHT—OBSERVA- TIONS CONCERNING ILLTUTUS AND PAULINUS.
From allusions already made to the celebrated Monastery of Manchen, it is somewhat incumbent on us to trace out—so far as can possibly be done— both its origin, and that of its founder. Yet, it will not be an easy matter to determine, who was this Manchan, or, as he is sometimes called, Nennius, under various forms of writing. There are divers reasons adduced, for sup- posing him to have been an Irishman, by race and birth. In any history or Martyrology known, we cannot find one bearing such a name, and belonging to the British nation. ^ Yet, we must endeavour to discover one having this cognomen, who had attained some degree of celebrity, even before St. David's birth, and who settled in the valley of Rosnat, where he lived in a monastery, known as Kill-mune. Such attempt would lead us to a conclusion, that Manchan probably lived before, or at least soon after, the commencement of the fifth century. In our Irish Calendars, as we are told, are found many different saints, bearing this name, and their Natales occur as follows,* viz. : At January 2nd,3 i3th,4 and 24th ;5 at February 14th ;^ at March ist;?
