) From these
passages
it seems evident, that the country.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
24 : “Bachiarius,
states (ad Ol. ii. 154, 155, ad Pyth. ii. 131, 161, vir Christianae philosophiae, nudus et expeditus
166, 167, 171) that Bacchylides and Pindar were vacare Deo disponens, etiam peregrinationem prop-
jealous of and opposed to one another; but whether ter conservandam vitae integritatem elegit. 'Edi-
this was the fact, or the story is to be attributed to disse dicitur grata opuscula : sed ego ex illis unum
the love of scandal which distinguishes the later tantum de fide libellum legi, in quo satisfacit Ponti-
Greek grammarians, it is impossible to determine. fici urbis, adversus querulos et infamatores peregri-
The poems of Bacchylides were numerous and nationis suae, et indicat, se non timore hominum,
of various kinds. They consisted of Epinici sed Dei, peregrinationem suscepisse, et exiens de
(songs, like Pindar's, in honour of the victors in terra sua cohaeres fieret Abrahamae patriarchae. "
the public games), Hymns, Paeans, Dithyrambs, To this brief account some additions of doubtful
Prosodia, Hyporchemata, Erotica, and Paroenia or authority have been made by later writers. Bishop
Drinking-songs : but all of these have perished | Bale calls him Bachiarius Maccaeus, says that he
with the exception of a few fragments. It is, was a native of Great Britain, and a disciple of St.
therefore, difficult to form an independent opinion Patrick, and assigns the cruel oppressions under
of their poetical value; but as far as we can judge which his country was then groaning as the cause
from what has come down to us, Bacchylides was of his voluntary expatriation. Joannes Pitseus
distinguished, like Simonides, for the elegance and (John Pits), the Roman Catholic chronicler, fol-
finish of his compositions. He was inferior to lows the account of Bale. Aubertus Miraeus
Pindar in strength and energy, as Longinus re- (Aubert Lemire) says that Bachiarius was an Irish-
marks (c. 33); and in his lamentations over the man, a disciple of St. Patrick, and contemporary
inexorable character of fate, and the necessity of with St. Augustin. These statements rest on no
submitting to death, he reminds one of the lonic sufficient evidence ; for Bale, the source of them
elegy. Like his predecessors in Lyric poetry, he all, is an inaccurate and injudicious writer.
wrote in the Doric dialect, but frequently intro- Schönemann denies that there is any proof, that
duces Attic forms, so that the dialect of his poems Bachiarius was a native either of Great Britain or
very much resembles that of the choruses in the Ireland ; and, from the contents of the treatise de
Attic tragedies.
Fide, infers, that the author's country was at the
Besides his lyrical poems there are two epigrams time extensively infested with heresy, from the
in the Greek Anthology attributed to Bacchylides, imputation of which he deemed it necessary to
one in the Doric and the other in the Ionic dialect, clear himself. Schönemann concurs with Muratori
and there seems no reason to doubt their genuine in thinking that this coul not be the Pelagian
The fragments of Bacchylides have been doctrine, to which there is no reference throughout
published by Neue, “ Bacchylidis Cei Fragmenta," the treatise ; and adopts the conclusion of Francis
Berol. 1823, and by Bergk, “ Poëtae Lyrici Florius, that the author's country was Spain, and
Graeci,” p. 820, &c.
the heresy which he was solicitous to disavow that
2. Of Opus, & poet, whom Plato, the comic of the Priscillianists. This notion agrees very well
poet (about B. C. 400), attacked in his play entitled with the contents of the work de Fide; but as it
the Sophists. (Suidas, s. o. Loplotńs. )
is not supported, so far as we are aware, by any
BACCHYLUS (written Bakxúáros, by Eu- positive evidence, we are rather surprised to see it
sebius, but given with only one 1 by Jerome, coolly assumed by Neander (Gesch. der Christ.
Ruffinus, Sophronius, and Nicephorus), bishop of Religion, &c. ii. 3, p. 1485) as indubitably true.
Corinth, flourished in the latter half of the second The only surviving works of Bachiarius are the
century, under Commodus and Severus. He is treatise “de Fide,” mentioned above, and a letter
recorded by Eusebius and Jerome as having writ- to a certain Januarius, respecting the re-admissiou
ten on the question, so early and so long disputed, of a monk into the church, who had been excom-
as to the proper time of keeping Easter. From municated for seducing a nun. The “ Objurgatio
the language of Eusebius, Valesius is disposed to in Evagrium,” inaccurately ascribed to Jerome, and
infer that this was not a Synodical letter, but one the “ Libri Duo de Deitate et Incarnatione Verbi
which the author wrote in his own individual ad Januarium,” improperly classed among the
capacity. But Jerome says expressly, that Bac- works of Augustin, are regarded by Florius as
chylus wrote" de Pascha ex omnium qui in Achaia the productions of Bachiarius. This, though not
erant episcoporum persona. " And in the ancient intrinsically improbable, wants the confirmation of
Greek Synodicon, published by Paphus at Stras direct external proof. Possenin, Bale, and Pits
burg in 1601, and inserted in both editions of attribute other works to Bachiarius, but upon no
Fabricius's Bibliotheca Graeca, not only is this sufficient grounds.
council registered as having been held at Corinth The “Epistola ad Januarium de recipiendis
by Bacchylides, archbishop of that place, and Lapsis," or " De Reparatione Lapsi,” was first
cighteen bishops with him, but the celebration of published in the Monumenta S. Patrum Ortho-
Easter is mentioned as the subject of their de-doxographa of John James Grynaeus, Basle, 1569.
liberations. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. xii. p. 364. ) | It was included in the Paris editions of de la
Notwithstanding the slight change of the name,
and the designation of Bacchylides as archbishop of
* “The infinite fables and absurdities which this
Corinth, there can be no reasonable doubt that he author (Bale) hath without judgment stuft himself
is the same with the bishop mentioned by Euse-withal. ” Selden, Notes on Drayton's Poly-Ollion,
bius and Jerome. (Euseb. Hist. Eccl. v. 22, 23 ; Song Ninc.
ness.
9
2 G 2
## p. 452 (#472) ############################################
452
BACIS.
BAEBIUS.
Bigne's Billiotheca Patrum, 1575, vol. i. 1589, worshipped at Hermonthis in Upper Egypt, just
vol. iii. 1654, vol. iii. ; in the Cologne edition, as Apis was at Memphis. In size Bacis was re-
1618, vol. v. ; and in the Lyon's edition, 1677, quired to excel all other bulls, his hair to be bristly,
vol. vi. The treatise “ de Fide" was first pub- and his colour to change every day. (Macrob. Sat.
lished in the second volume of Muratori's Anec- | i. 2); Aelian, Hist. An. xii. 11. ) (L. S. )
dola, Milan, 1697, where the text is given from a BA'DIUS, a Campanian, challenged his hospes,
manuscript of great antiquity, and is accompanied T. Quinctius Crispinus, to single combat when the
by valuable prolegomena and notes. In 1748, Romans were besieging Capua, B. c. 212. Crispi-
both works were ably edited at Rome by Franciscus nus at first refused, on account of the friendship
Florius, who, besides other illustrative matter, subsisting between him and Badius, but was at
adds two learned dissertations, the first “de length induced by his fellow-soldiers to accept the
Haeresi Priscilliana,” the second “ de Scriptis et challenge. In the combat which ensued, he
Doctrina Bachiarii. ” This edition is reprinted in wounded Badius, who fled to his own party. (Liv,
the ninth volume of Gallandi's Bibliotheca Patrum. xxv. 18; Val. Max. v. 1. § 3. )
The works of Bachiarius are also included in the BADRES ( Bábpns ), or BARES (Bápns), a
fifteenth volume of Lc Espana Sagrada of Henry Persian, of the tribe of the Pasargadae, was ap-
Florez, a voluminous collection in thirty-four vo- pointed to the command of the naval portion of
lumes quarto, Madrid, 1747-84.
the force which Aryandes, governor of Egypt, sent
From the scanty remains of this author it is against the Barcaeans on the pretext of avenging
hardly possible to form a very exact judgment of the murder of Arcesilaus Ill. [BATTIADAE)
his character, learning, and abilities. So far as After the capture of Barca (about 512 B. C. ), the
may be collected from the above-named treatises, Persians were allowed to pass through Cyrene, and
he appears to have possessed an understanding Badres was anxious to take the city ; but through
somewhat above mediocrity, and well exercised in the refusal of Amasis, who commanded the land
the current theological erudition of the Latin church force, the opportunity was lost. (Herod. iv. 167,
during the fifth century. His spirit and temper 203. ) This is perhaps the same Badres whom
seem to have been singularly amiable. [J. M. M. ) Herodotus mentions as commanding a portion of
L. BACILLUS, praetor B. c. 45, to whom the Persian army in the expedition of Xerxes
Caesar would not assign a province, but gave a sum against Greece. (Herod. vii. 77. ) [E. E. )
of money instead. Bacillus felt the indignity so BAE'BIA GENS, plebeian, of which the cog-
much, that he put an end to his life by voluntary nomens are Dives, HERENNIUS (? see Liv. xxii.
starvation. (Dion Cass. xliii. 47. ) It is conjec-34), SULCA, TAMPHILUS: the last is the only sur-
tured that Babullius, whose death Cicero mentions name which appears on coins, where it is written
in this year (ad Att. xiii. 48), may be the same as Tampilus. (Eckhel, v. p. 149. ) The first member
the above.
of the gens who obtained the consulship was Cn.
BACIS (Báris), seems to have been originally | Baebius Tamphilus, in B. c. 182. For those whose
only a common noun derived from Bášelv, to speak, cognomen is not mentioned, see BAEBIUS.
and to have signified any prophet or speaker. In BAE'BIUS. 1. L. BAEBIUS, one of the am.
later times, however, Bacis · was regarded as a bassadors sent by Scipio to Carthage, B. C. 202.
proper noun, and the ancients distinguish several He was afterwards left by Scipio in command of
seers of this name.
the camp. (Liv. xxx. 25; Polyb. xv, 1, 4. )
1. The Bocotian, the most celebrated of them, 2. Q. BAEBIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 200,
was believed to have lived and given his oracles at endeavoured to persuade the people not to engage in
Heleon in Boeotia, being inspired by the nymphs the war against Philip of Macedon. (Liv. xxxi. 6. )
of the Corycian cave. His oracles were held in 3. M. BAEBIUS, one of the three commissioners
high esteem, and, from the specimens we still pos- sent into Macedonia, B. c. 186, to investigate the
sess in Herodotus and Pausanias, we see that, like charges brought by the Maronitae and others
the Delphic oracles, they were composed in hexa- against Philip of Macedon. (Polyb. xxxiii. 6. )
meter verse. (Paus. iv. 27. $ 2, ix. 17. $ 4, x. 12. 4. L. BAEBIUS, one of the three commissioners
$ 6, 14. $ 3, 32. $ 6; Herod. viii. 20, 77, ix. 43; sent into Mac onia, B. c. 168, to inspect the state
Aristoph. Paz, 1009 with the Schol. , Equit. 123, Av. of affairs there, before Aemilius Paullus invaded
907.
) From these passages it seems evident, that the country. (Liv. xliv. 18. )
in Boeotia Bacis was regarded as an ancient pro- 5. A. BAEBIUS, caused the members of the
phet, of whose oracles there existed a collection Aetolian senate to be killed in B. c. 167, and was
made either by himself or by others, similar to the in consequence afterwards condemned at Rome.
Sibylline books at Rome ; and, in fact, Cicero (de Livy calls him praeses, a term which is applied in
Divin. i. 18), Aelian (V. H. xii. 25), Tzetzes (ad later times by the jurists to a governor of a pro-
Lycoph. 1278), and other writers, mention this vince. Whether, however, Baebius had the go-
Bacis always as a being of the same class with the vernment of Aetolia, or only of the town in which
Sibyls.
the inurder was perpetrated, is uncertain. (Liv.
2. The Arcadian, is mentioned by Clemens of xlv. 28, 31. )
Alexandria as the only one besides the Boeotian. 6. C. BAEBUS, tribune of the plebs, B. c. lll,
(Strom. i. p. 333. ) According to Suidas, he be- was bribed by Jugurtha when the latter came to
longed to the town of Caphya, and was also called Rome. When Mummius commanded Jugurtha to
Cydas and Aletes. (Comp. Tzetzes, ad Lycoph. I. c. ) give answers to certain questions, Baebius bade
3. The Athenian, is mentioned along with the him be silent, and thus quashed the investigation.
two others by Aelian, Suidas, Tzetzes, and the (Sall. Jug. 33, 34. )
Scholiast on Aristophanes. (Par, 1009; comp. 7. C. B. AEBIUS was appointed by L. Caesar
Perizon. ad Aelian, V. H. xii. 25. ) (L. S. ] (called Sext. Caesar by Appian), B. C. 89, as his
BACIS or PACIS, is only another name for successor in the command in the social war. (Ap-
the Egyptian Onuphis, the sacred bull, who was 1 pian, B. C. i. 48. )
## p. 453 (#473) ############################################
BAGAEUS.
453
BAGOAS.
8. M. BAEDIUS was put to death by Marius and several minor firmans from the king; and, when
Cinna when they entered Rome in B. c. 87. In- he saw that they received these with much reve
stead of being killed by any weapon, Baebius was rence, he gave the order for the death of Oroetes,
literally torn to pieces by the hands of his enemies. which was unhesitatingly obeyed. (Herod. ïïi.
(Appian, B. C. i. 72; Florus, iü. 21; Lucan, ii. 128. )
119. )
2. Or Bancaeus (Bayraios), a half-brother of
9. M. BAEBIUS, a brave man, slain by order of the satrap Pharnabazus, is mentioned by Xeno-
L. Piso in Macedonia, B. c. 57. (Cic. in Pis
. 36. ) phon as one of the commanders of a body of Per-
10. A. BAEBIUS, a Roman eques of Asta in sian cavalry, which, in a skirmish near Dascylium,
Spain, deserted the Pompeian party in the Spanish defeated the cavalry of Agesilaus, in the first year
war, and went over to Caesar, B. C. 45. (Bell. of his invasion of Asia, B. C. 396. (Xen. Hell. j.
Hisp. 26. )
4. & 13; Plut. Agesil. 9. )
[E. E. )
11. BAEBIUS, a Roman senator, served under BAGI'STANES (Bayiotávns), a distinguished
Vatinius in Illyria. On the murder of Caesar, Babylonian, deserted Bessus and the conspirators,
B. C. 44, the Illyrians rose against Vatinius, and when Alexander was in pursuit of them and Da-
cut off Baebius and five cohorts which he com- reius, B. C. 330, and informed Alexander of the
manded. (Appian, Illyr. 13. )
danger of the Persian king. (Arrian, ii. 21 ;
BAE'BIUS MACRI'NÚS. (MACRINUS. ] Curt. v. 13. )
BAE'BIUS MARCELLI'NUS. [MARCEL BAGO'AS(Bayuas). 1. Aneunuch, highly trusted
LINUS. )
and favoured by Artaxerxes Ill. (Ochus), is said
BAETON (Baltw), was employed by Alexan- to have been by birth an Egyptian, and seems to
der the Great in measuring distances in his marches, have fully merited the character assigned him by
whence he is called ó Anetávopou Bnuations. Diodorus, of a bold, bad man (Tónun kal tapavonią
He wrote a work upon the subject entitled σταθμοί | διαφέρων). In the successful expedition of Ochus
This 'Aleçávopov hopelas. (Athen. X. p. 422, b. ; against Egypt, B. C. 350,* Bagoas was associated by
Plin. H. N. vi. 17. 9. 21, 19. 8. 22, vii. 2; Solin. 55. ) | the king with Mentor, the Rhodian, in the com-
BAE'TYLUS (Baltulos), is in reality the name mand of a third part of the Greek mercenaries.
of a peculiar kind of conical shaped stones, which (Diod. xvi. 47. ) Being sent to take possession of
were erected as symbols of gods in remarkable Pelusium, which had surrendered to the Theban
places, and were from time to time anointed with Lacrates, he incurred the censure of Ochus by per-
oil, wine, or blood. The custom of setting up such mitting his soldiers to plunder the Greek garrison
stones originated, in all probability, in meteors of the town, in defiance of the terns of capitulation.
being erected in the places where they had fallen (Diod. xvi. 49. ) In the same war, the Egyptian
down. (Phot. Cod. 242. ) Eusebius (Praep. Evang. part of the garrison at Bubastus having made terms
i. 10) says, that Baetylí were believed to be stones with Bagoas for themselves, and admitted him
endowed with souls and created by Uranus. Hence within the gates, the Greek garrison, privately in-
Baetylus, when personified, is called a son of Ura- stigated by his colleague Mentor, attacked and
nus and Ge, and a brother of Ilus and Cronos. slaughtered his men and took him prisoner. Men-
Traces of the veneration paid to such stones are tor accordingly had the credit of releasing him and
found among the Hebrews and Phoenicians, no receiving the submission of Bubastus ; and hence-
less than among the Greeks. Photius (1. c. ) says, forth an alliance was formed between them for
that Asclepiades ascended mount Libanon, in the their mutual interest, which was ever strictly pre-
neighbourhood of Heliopolis in Syria, and saw served, and conduced to the power of both,
many Baetyli there, concerning which he related Mentor enjoying the satrapy of the western pro-
the most wonderful tales. (Comp. Lucian, Alex. 30; vinces, while Bagoas directed affairs at his pleasure
Theophrast. Charact. 16; Clem. Alex. Strom. vii. in the centre of the empire,—and the king was re-
p. 713. ) In Grecian mythology, the stone which duced to a cipher. (Diod. xvi. 50. ) The cruelties
was given to Uranus, to swallow instead of the in- of Ochus having excited general detestation, Ba-
fant Zeus, was called Baetylus (Hesych. s. v. ); and goas at length removed him by poison, B. C. 338,
a little above the temple of Delphi, on the left, fearing perhaps lest the effects of the odium in
there was a stone which was anointed with oil which he was held might extend to himself, and
every day, and on solemn occasions covered with certainly not from the motive absurdly assigned by
raw wool : tradition said, that this stone was the Aelian, viz. the desire of avenging the insult offered
same which Uranus had swallowed. (Paus. ix. 24. by Ochus, so many years before, to the religion of
$ 5; comp.
states (ad Ol. ii. 154, 155, ad Pyth. ii. 131, 161, vir Christianae philosophiae, nudus et expeditus
166, 167, 171) that Bacchylides and Pindar were vacare Deo disponens, etiam peregrinationem prop-
jealous of and opposed to one another; but whether ter conservandam vitae integritatem elegit. 'Edi-
this was the fact, or the story is to be attributed to disse dicitur grata opuscula : sed ego ex illis unum
the love of scandal which distinguishes the later tantum de fide libellum legi, in quo satisfacit Ponti-
Greek grammarians, it is impossible to determine. fici urbis, adversus querulos et infamatores peregri-
The poems of Bacchylides were numerous and nationis suae, et indicat, se non timore hominum,
of various kinds. They consisted of Epinici sed Dei, peregrinationem suscepisse, et exiens de
(songs, like Pindar's, in honour of the victors in terra sua cohaeres fieret Abrahamae patriarchae. "
the public games), Hymns, Paeans, Dithyrambs, To this brief account some additions of doubtful
Prosodia, Hyporchemata, Erotica, and Paroenia or authority have been made by later writers. Bishop
Drinking-songs : but all of these have perished | Bale calls him Bachiarius Maccaeus, says that he
with the exception of a few fragments. It is, was a native of Great Britain, and a disciple of St.
therefore, difficult to form an independent opinion Patrick, and assigns the cruel oppressions under
of their poetical value; but as far as we can judge which his country was then groaning as the cause
from what has come down to us, Bacchylides was of his voluntary expatriation. Joannes Pitseus
distinguished, like Simonides, for the elegance and (John Pits), the Roman Catholic chronicler, fol-
finish of his compositions. He was inferior to lows the account of Bale. Aubertus Miraeus
Pindar in strength and energy, as Longinus re- (Aubert Lemire) says that Bachiarius was an Irish-
marks (c. 33); and in his lamentations over the man, a disciple of St. Patrick, and contemporary
inexorable character of fate, and the necessity of with St. Augustin. These statements rest on no
submitting to death, he reminds one of the lonic sufficient evidence ; for Bale, the source of them
elegy. Like his predecessors in Lyric poetry, he all, is an inaccurate and injudicious writer.
wrote in the Doric dialect, but frequently intro- Schönemann denies that there is any proof, that
duces Attic forms, so that the dialect of his poems Bachiarius was a native either of Great Britain or
very much resembles that of the choruses in the Ireland ; and, from the contents of the treatise de
Attic tragedies.
Fide, infers, that the author's country was at the
Besides his lyrical poems there are two epigrams time extensively infested with heresy, from the
in the Greek Anthology attributed to Bacchylides, imputation of which he deemed it necessary to
one in the Doric and the other in the Ionic dialect, clear himself. Schönemann concurs with Muratori
and there seems no reason to doubt their genuine in thinking that this coul not be the Pelagian
The fragments of Bacchylides have been doctrine, to which there is no reference throughout
published by Neue, “ Bacchylidis Cei Fragmenta," the treatise ; and adopts the conclusion of Francis
Berol. 1823, and by Bergk, “ Poëtae Lyrici Florius, that the author's country was Spain, and
Graeci,” p. 820, &c.
the heresy which he was solicitous to disavow that
2. Of Opus, & poet, whom Plato, the comic of the Priscillianists. This notion agrees very well
poet (about B. C. 400), attacked in his play entitled with the contents of the work de Fide; but as it
the Sophists. (Suidas, s. o. Loplotńs. )
is not supported, so far as we are aware, by any
BACCHYLUS (written Bakxúáros, by Eu- positive evidence, we are rather surprised to see it
sebius, but given with only one 1 by Jerome, coolly assumed by Neander (Gesch. der Christ.
Ruffinus, Sophronius, and Nicephorus), bishop of Religion, &c. ii. 3, p. 1485) as indubitably true.
Corinth, flourished in the latter half of the second The only surviving works of Bachiarius are the
century, under Commodus and Severus. He is treatise “de Fide,” mentioned above, and a letter
recorded by Eusebius and Jerome as having writ- to a certain Januarius, respecting the re-admissiou
ten on the question, so early and so long disputed, of a monk into the church, who had been excom-
as to the proper time of keeping Easter. From municated for seducing a nun. The “ Objurgatio
the language of Eusebius, Valesius is disposed to in Evagrium,” inaccurately ascribed to Jerome, and
infer that this was not a Synodical letter, but one the “ Libri Duo de Deitate et Incarnatione Verbi
which the author wrote in his own individual ad Januarium,” improperly classed among the
capacity. But Jerome says expressly, that Bac- works of Augustin, are regarded by Florius as
chylus wrote" de Pascha ex omnium qui in Achaia the productions of Bachiarius. This, though not
erant episcoporum persona. " And in the ancient intrinsically improbable, wants the confirmation of
Greek Synodicon, published by Paphus at Stras direct external proof. Possenin, Bale, and Pits
burg in 1601, and inserted in both editions of attribute other works to Bachiarius, but upon no
Fabricius's Bibliotheca Graeca, not only is this sufficient grounds.
council registered as having been held at Corinth The “Epistola ad Januarium de recipiendis
by Bacchylides, archbishop of that place, and Lapsis," or " De Reparatione Lapsi,” was first
cighteen bishops with him, but the celebration of published in the Monumenta S. Patrum Ortho-
Easter is mentioned as the subject of their de-doxographa of John James Grynaeus, Basle, 1569.
liberations. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. xii. p. 364. ) | It was included in the Paris editions of de la
Notwithstanding the slight change of the name,
and the designation of Bacchylides as archbishop of
* “The infinite fables and absurdities which this
Corinth, there can be no reasonable doubt that he author (Bale) hath without judgment stuft himself
is the same with the bishop mentioned by Euse-withal. ” Selden, Notes on Drayton's Poly-Ollion,
bius and Jerome. (Euseb. Hist. Eccl. v. 22, 23 ; Song Ninc.
ness.
9
2 G 2
## p. 452 (#472) ############################################
452
BACIS.
BAEBIUS.
Bigne's Billiotheca Patrum, 1575, vol. i. 1589, worshipped at Hermonthis in Upper Egypt, just
vol. iii. 1654, vol. iii. ; in the Cologne edition, as Apis was at Memphis. In size Bacis was re-
1618, vol. v. ; and in the Lyon's edition, 1677, quired to excel all other bulls, his hair to be bristly,
vol. vi. The treatise “ de Fide" was first pub- and his colour to change every day. (Macrob. Sat.
lished in the second volume of Muratori's Anec- | i. 2); Aelian, Hist. An. xii. 11. ) (L. S. )
dola, Milan, 1697, where the text is given from a BA'DIUS, a Campanian, challenged his hospes,
manuscript of great antiquity, and is accompanied T. Quinctius Crispinus, to single combat when the
by valuable prolegomena and notes. In 1748, Romans were besieging Capua, B. c. 212. Crispi-
both works were ably edited at Rome by Franciscus nus at first refused, on account of the friendship
Florius, who, besides other illustrative matter, subsisting between him and Badius, but was at
adds two learned dissertations, the first “de length induced by his fellow-soldiers to accept the
Haeresi Priscilliana,” the second “ de Scriptis et challenge. In the combat which ensued, he
Doctrina Bachiarii. ” This edition is reprinted in wounded Badius, who fled to his own party. (Liv,
the ninth volume of Gallandi's Bibliotheca Patrum. xxv. 18; Val. Max. v. 1. § 3. )
The works of Bachiarius are also included in the BADRES ( Bábpns ), or BARES (Bápns), a
fifteenth volume of Lc Espana Sagrada of Henry Persian, of the tribe of the Pasargadae, was ap-
Florez, a voluminous collection in thirty-four vo- pointed to the command of the naval portion of
lumes quarto, Madrid, 1747-84.
the force which Aryandes, governor of Egypt, sent
From the scanty remains of this author it is against the Barcaeans on the pretext of avenging
hardly possible to form a very exact judgment of the murder of Arcesilaus Ill. [BATTIADAE)
his character, learning, and abilities. So far as After the capture of Barca (about 512 B. C. ), the
may be collected from the above-named treatises, Persians were allowed to pass through Cyrene, and
he appears to have possessed an understanding Badres was anxious to take the city ; but through
somewhat above mediocrity, and well exercised in the refusal of Amasis, who commanded the land
the current theological erudition of the Latin church force, the opportunity was lost. (Herod. iv. 167,
during the fifth century. His spirit and temper 203. ) This is perhaps the same Badres whom
seem to have been singularly amiable. [J. M. M. ) Herodotus mentions as commanding a portion of
L. BACILLUS, praetor B. c. 45, to whom the Persian army in the expedition of Xerxes
Caesar would not assign a province, but gave a sum against Greece. (Herod. vii. 77. ) [E. E. )
of money instead. Bacillus felt the indignity so BAE'BIA GENS, plebeian, of which the cog-
much, that he put an end to his life by voluntary nomens are Dives, HERENNIUS (? see Liv. xxii.
starvation. (Dion Cass. xliii. 47. ) It is conjec-34), SULCA, TAMPHILUS: the last is the only sur-
tured that Babullius, whose death Cicero mentions name which appears on coins, where it is written
in this year (ad Att. xiii. 48), may be the same as Tampilus. (Eckhel, v. p. 149. ) The first member
the above.
of the gens who obtained the consulship was Cn.
BACIS (Báris), seems to have been originally | Baebius Tamphilus, in B. c. 182. For those whose
only a common noun derived from Bášelv, to speak, cognomen is not mentioned, see BAEBIUS.
and to have signified any prophet or speaker. In BAE'BIUS. 1. L. BAEBIUS, one of the am.
later times, however, Bacis · was regarded as a bassadors sent by Scipio to Carthage, B. C. 202.
proper noun, and the ancients distinguish several He was afterwards left by Scipio in command of
seers of this name.
the camp. (Liv. xxx. 25; Polyb. xv, 1, 4. )
1. The Bocotian, the most celebrated of them, 2. Q. BAEBIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 200,
was believed to have lived and given his oracles at endeavoured to persuade the people not to engage in
Heleon in Boeotia, being inspired by the nymphs the war against Philip of Macedon. (Liv. xxxi. 6. )
of the Corycian cave. His oracles were held in 3. M. BAEBIUS, one of the three commissioners
high esteem, and, from the specimens we still pos- sent into Macedonia, B. c. 186, to investigate the
sess in Herodotus and Pausanias, we see that, like charges brought by the Maronitae and others
the Delphic oracles, they were composed in hexa- against Philip of Macedon. (Polyb. xxxiii. 6. )
meter verse. (Paus. iv. 27. $ 2, ix. 17. $ 4, x. 12. 4. L. BAEBIUS, one of the three commissioners
$ 6, 14. $ 3, 32. $ 6; Herod. viii. 20, 77, ix. 43; sent into Mac onia, B. c. 168, to inspect the state
Aristoph. Paz, 1009 with the Schol. , Equit. 123, Av. of affairs there, before Aemilius Paullus invaded
907.
) From these passages it seems evident, that the country. (Liv. xliv. 18. )
in Boeotia Bacis was regarded as an ancient pro- 5. A. BAEBIUS, caused the members of the
phet, of whose oracles there existed a collection Aetolian senate to be killed in B. c. 167, and was
made either by himself or by others, similar to the in consequence afterwards condemned at Rome.
Sibylline books at Rome ; and, in fact, Cicero (de Livy calls him praeses, a term which is applied in
Divin. i. 18), Aelian (V. H. xii. 25), Tzetzes (ad later times by the jurists to a governor of a pro-
Lycoph. 1278), and other writers, mention this vince. Whether, however, Baebius had the go-
Bacis always as a being of the same class with the vernment of Aetolia, or only of the town in which
Sibyls.
the inurder was perpetrated, is uncertain. (Liv.
2. The Arcadian, is mentioned by Clemens of xlv. 28, 31. )
Alexandria as the only one besides the Boeotian. 6. C. BAEBUS, tribune of the plebs, B. c. lll,
(Strom. i. p. 333. ) According to Suidas, he be- was bribed by Jugurtha when the latter came to
longed to the town of Caphya, and was also called Rome. When Mummius commanded Jugurtha to
Cydas and Aletes. (Comp. Tzetzes, ad Lycoph. I. c. ) give answers to certain questions, Baebius bade
3. The Athenian, is mentioned along with the him be silent, and thus quashed the investigation.
two others by Aelian, Suidas, Tzetzes, and the (Sall. Jug. 33, 34. )
Scholiast on Aristophanes. (Par, 1009; comp. 7. C. B. AEBIUS was appointed by L. Caesar
Perizon. ad Aelian, V. H. xii. 25. ) (L. S. ] (called Sext. Caesar by Appian), B. C. 89, as his
BACIS or PACIS, is only another name for successor in the command in the social war. (Ap-
the Egyptian Onuphis, the sacred bull, who was 1 pian, B. C. i. 48. )
## p. 453 (#473) ############################################
BAGAEUS.
453
BAGOAS.
8. M. BAEDIUS was put to death by Marius and several minor firmans from the king; and, when
Cinna when they entered Rome in B. c. 87. In- he saw that they received these with much reve
stead of being killed by any weapon, Baebius was rence, he gave the order for the death of Oroetes,
literally torn to pieces by the hands of his enemies. which was unhesitatingly obeyed. (Herod. ïïi.
(Appian, B. C. i. 72; Florus, iü. 21; Lucan, ii. 128. )
119. )
2. Or Bancaeus (Bayraios), a half-brother of
9. M. BAEBIUS, a brave man, slain by order of the satrap Pharnabazus, is mentioned by Xeno-
L. Piso in Macedonia, B. c. 57. (Cic. in Pis
. 36. ) phon as one of the commanders of a body of Per-
10. A. BAEBIUS, a Roman eques of Asta in sian cavalry, which, in a skirmish near Dascylium,
Spain, deserted the Pompeian party in the Spanish defeated the cavalry of Agesilaus, in the first year
war, and went over to Caesar, B. C. 45. (Bell. of his invasion of Asia, B. C. 396. (Xen. Hell. j.
Hisp. 26. )
4. & 13; Plut. Agesil. 9. )
[E. E. )
11. BAEBIUS, a Roman senator, served under BAGI'STANES (Bayiotávns), a distinguished
Vatinius in Illyria. On the murder of Caesar, Babylonian, deserted Bessus and the conspirators,
B. C. 44, the Illyrians rose against Vatinius, and when Alexander was in pursuit of them and Da-
cut off Baebius and five cohorts which he com- reius, B. C. 330, and informed Alexander of the
manded. (Appian, Illyr. 13. )
danger of the Persian king. (Arrian, ii. 21 ;
BAE'BIUS MACRI'NÚS. (MACRINUS. ] Curt. v. 13. )
BAE'BIUS MARCELLI'NUS. [MARCEL BAGO'AS(Bayuas). 1. Aneunuch, highly trusted
LINUS. )
and favoured by Artaxerxes Ill. (Ochus), is said
BAETON (Baltw), was employed by Alexan- to have been by birth an Egyptian, and seems to
der the Great in measuring distances in his marches, have fully merited the character assigned him by
whence he is called ó Anetávopou Bnuations. Diodorus, of a bold, bad man (Tónun kal tapavonią
He wrote a work upon the subject entitled σταθμοί | διαφέρων). In the successful expedition of Ochus
This 'Aleçávopov hopelas. (Athen. X. p. 422, b. ; against Egypt, B. C. 350,* Bagoas was associated by
Plin. H. N. vi. 17. 9. 21, 19. 8. 22, vii. 2; Solin. 55. ) | the king with Mentor, the Rhodian, in the com-
BAE'TYLUS (Baltulos), is in reality the name mand of a third part of the Greek mercenaries.
of a peculiar kind of conical shaped stones, which (Diod. xvi. 47. ) Being sent to take possession of
were erected as symbols of gods in remarkable Pelusium, which had surrendered to the Theban
places, and were from time to time anointed with Lacrates, he incurred the censure of Ochus by per-
oil, wine, or blood. The custom of setting up such mitting his soldiers to plunder the Greek garrison
stones originated, in all probability, in meteors of the town, in defiance of the terns of capitulation.
being erected in the places where they had fallen (Diod. xvi. 49. ) In the same war, the Egyptian
down. (Phot. Cod. 242. ) Eusebius (Praep. Evang. part of the garrison at Bubastus having made terms
i. 10) says, that Baetylí were believed to be stones with Bagoas for themselves, and admitted him
endowed with souls and created by Uranus. Hence within the gates, the Greek garrison, privately in-
Baetylus, when personified, is called a son of Ura- stigated by his colleague Mentor, attacked and
nus and Ge, and a brother of Ilus and Cronos. slaughtered his men and took him prisoner. Men-
Traces of the veneration paid to such stones are tor accordingly had the credit of releasing him and
found among the Hebrews and Phoenicians, no receiving the submission of Bubastus ; and hence-
less than among the Greeks. Photius (1. c. ) says, forth an alliance was formed between them for
that Asclepiades ascended mount Libanon, in the their mutual interest, which was ever strictly pre-
neighbourhood of Heliopolis in Syria, and saw served, and conduced to the power of both,
many Baetyli there, concerning which he related Mentor enjoying the satrapy of the western pro-
the most wonderful tales. (Comp. Lucian, Alex. 30; vinces, while Bagoas directed affairs at his pleasure
Theophrast. Charact. 16; Clem. Alex. Strom. vii. in the centre of the empire,—and the king was re-
p. 713. ) In Grecian mythology, the stone which duced to a cipher. (Diod. xvi. 50. ) The cruelties
was given to Uranus, to swallow instead of the in- of Ochus having excited general detestation, Ba-
fant Zeus, was called Baetylus (Hesych. s. v. ); and goas at length removed him by poison, B. C. 338,
a little above the temple of Delphi, on the left, fearing perhaps lest the effects of the odium in
there was a stone which was anointed with oil which he was held might extend to himself, and
every day, and on solemn occasions covered with certainly not from the motive absurdly assigned by
raw wool : tradition said, that this stone was the Aelian, viz. the desire of avenging the insult offered
same which Uranus had swallowed. (Paus. ix. 24. by Ochus, so many years before, to the religion of
$ 5; comp.
