No More Learning

; comp. Fulgent. Mythol. p. 36; Schol. ad Apollon.
time. More satisfactory, however, is the explana- Rhod. iv. 57; Vossius, de Hist. Gracc. p. 40, ed.
tion of Platner and Arnold, that the people ob- Westermann, in whose note two or three other
tained the institution of ephors by way of com- persons of the name are mentioned). [P. S. )
pensation for the Rhetra in question, and that THEOPOMPUS (OEÓTOLTOS), of Chios, the
* the king was obliged to confirm those liberties, historian, was the son of Damasistratus and the
which he had rainly endeavoured to overthrow. ” brother of Caucalus, the rhetorician. He accom-
(Plut. Lyc. 6, comp. Clcom. 10; Müller, Dor. iii. 5. panied his father into banishment, when the latter
§ 8, 7. § 2; C. F. Hermann, Pol. Ant. ch. 2. § 43; was exiled on account of his espousing the interests
Arnold, Thuc. vol. i. App. 2; G. C. Lewis, in the of the Lacedaemonians, but was restored to his
Philol. Muscum, vol. ii
. pp. 51, 52. ) As to the native country in the forty-fifth year of his age,
first Messenian war, thus much appears from Tyr- after the death of his father, in consequence of the
taeus, that Theopompus was mainly instrumental letters of Alexander the Great, in which he ex.
in bringing it to a successful issue, though the horted the Chians to recal their exiles (Phot. Cod.
inference of Pausanias, that he lived to complete | 176, p. 120, b. ed. Bekker). But as these letters
the actual subjugation of Messenia, is more than could not have been written at the earliest till
the words of the poet warrant. They are, how- after the battle of Granicus, we may place the
ever, inconsistent with the date which Eusebius restoration of Theopompus in B. C. 333, and his
assigns to the death of Theopompus, viz. B. C. 740. birth in B. C. 378. Suidas assigns a much earlier
Clinton gives, for the duration of his reign, about date to Theopompus, stating that he was born at
B. c. 770—720. But we can arrive at no cer- the same time as Ephorus, during the anarchy at
tainty in the chronology of this period. According Athens in the 93d Olympiad, that is in B. C. 404;
to the Messenian account, Theopompus was slain, but as we know that Theopompus was alive in
not long before the end of the war, by Aristo- B. c. 305, we may safely conclude that Suidas is in
menes, while the Spartan tradition was, that he error, and tnat the date in Photius is the correct
was only wounded by him. We are accustomed, one. In what year Theopompus quitted Chios
indeed, to regard Aristomenes as the hero of the with his father, can only be matter of conjecture ;
second war; but this, after all, is a doubtful point. and the various suppositions of the learned on
(Paus. 4, 6, &c. ; Plut. Agis. 21; Müller, Dor. the point are not worth repeating here. We
App. ix. ; Clint. F. H. vol. ii. App. ch. 3 ; Grote's know, however, that before he left his native
Greece vol. ii. pp. 558, 559. )
(E. E. ) country, he attended the school of rhetoric which
THEOPOMPUS (OFÓTOLTTOS), literary. 1. An Isocrates opened at Chios, and he profited so much
Athenian comic poet, of the Old, and also of the by the lessons of his great master, that he was
Middle Comedy, was the son of Theodectes or regarded by the ancients as the most distinguished
Theodorus, or Tisamenus. (Suid. s. v. ; Aelian, ap. of all his scholars. (Plut. Vit
. dec. Orat. p. 837,
Suid. ib. and s. vv. Mapías ridov, poón). According b; Phot. Cod. 260; Dionys. Ep. ad Cn. Pomp. c. 6. )
to Suidas, he was contemporary with Aristophanes; Ephorus the historian was a fellow-student with
but the fragments and titles of his plays give him, but was of a very different character ; and
evidence that he wrote during the latest period of Isocrates used to say of them, that Theopompus
the Old Comedy, and during the Middle Comedy, needed the bit and Ephorus the spur. (Cic Brut.
as late as B. C. 380. Of his personal history we 56, ad Att. vi. 1. § 12. ) In consequence of the
have no information, except a story, of a fabulous advice of Isocrates, Theopompus did not devote his
appearance, about his being cured of a disease by oratorical powers to the pleading of causes, but
Aesculapius, which Suidas (Ul. cc. ) copies from gave his chief attention to the study and composi-
Aelian, with a description of a piece of statuary in tion of history. (Cic. de Orat. ii. 13, 22. ) Like
Parian marble, which was made in commemoration | his master Isocrates, however, he composed many
THEOP
cestions of the kind, ca']
that is speeches on
čissas, such as edlog
nouals, and similar su
that there was no 19
which be had not ter
be bad not obtained $
hibition of his oratori
the kind is recorded
# Halicarnassus wi
Iscrates for the pri
mana in bonour of
tietory (Geil
. I 18
Euseb. Praer. Et
be risived are not
bis own account to
tha: be spent the
ene in traveling
ledge. He was a
Onsequence of hi
Terased bim fror
lorelibood, like 1
others, and girir
Cod. 176; Dion
II. p. 85, b. )
in Bc. 333,
acquirements a
pertan: positio
ter pet, haught
d we aristocr
from his father
Enemies. O
the sophist T
of Isocrates, a
and Aristotle
645. ) A
dared Dot
Theoporn pus
Macedonian
for some rez
But when I
from Chios
fled to E
leay did ng
and conseq
be taken
Tbeopompe
Setelty-five
lens not
would ever
leeg body,
for his life
ticulars, bt
The fol
Forpus D
1. 'E. IT
of the Hist
toned by
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bether i
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his attain
would has
ere been
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mane of 1
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Cet positio
2. EN
A Histor


## p. 1093 (#1109) ##########################################

THEOPOMPUS.
1093
THEOPOMPUS.
19
B18
Hans
eotter
P. S)
orations of the kind, called Epideitic by the Greeks, (tinuation of the history of Thucydides. It com:
that is, speeches on set subjects delivered for menced in B. C. 41), at the point where the history
display, such as eulogiums upon states and indi- of Thucydides breaks off, and embraced a period of
viduals, and similar subjects. He himself tells us seventeen years down to the battle of Cnidus in
that there was no important city of Greece, in B. C. 394 (Diod. xiii. 42, xiv. 84; Marcellin. Vit.
which he had not remained some time, and where Thucyd. 45). Only a few fragments of this work
he had not obtained great glory by the public ex- are preserved.
hibition of his oratorical powers. One instance of 3. Φιλιππικά, also call “Ιστορίαι (κατ' εξοχήν),
the kind is recorded. In B. C. 352 he contended The History of Philip, father of Alexander the
at Halicarnassus with Naucrates and his master Great, in fifty-eight books, from the commencement
Isocrates for the prize of oratory, given by Arte- of his reign B. c. 360, to his death B. C. 336. (Diod.
misia in honour of her husband, and gained the xvi. 3; Phot. Cod. 176. ) Schweighaeuser supposed
victory (Gell. x. 18; Plut. Vit. dec. Orat. p. 830, b; that the Hellenics and the Philippics formed one
Euseb. Pruep. Ev. x. 3. ) The other places which work, which was cnlled the History of Theopompus,
he visited are not mentioned ; but it appears from but this opinion has been satisfactorily refuted by
his own account, to which we have already referred, Clinton. (Fusli Hell. vol. ii. pp. 374, 375, 2d ed.
)
that he spent the greater part of the time of his Wherever the listory of Theopompus is quoted by
exile in travelling, and in the acquisition of know the ancient writers without any distinguishing
ledge. He was able to pursue this mode of life in name, the Philippics are always meant, as this was
consequence of his possessing a large fortune, which the more important work ; when the Grecian
released him from the necessity of working for his history is meant, it is cited by the title of Hellenics.
livelihood, like Isocrates, by writing speeches for Moreover, as Clinton justly remarks, these two
others, and giving instruction in oratory. (Phot. works cannot be said to form one corpus historicum;
Cod. 176 ; Dionys. Ep. ad Cn. Pomp. c. 6 ; Athen. they did not proceed in one unbroken series, for
iii. p. 85, b. ) On his return to his native country the first work terminated in B. C. 394, and the
in B. C. 333, Theopompus, from his eloquence, second began in B. c. 360, thus leaving a space of
acquirements and wealth, naturally took an im- thirty-four years between them, which did not
portant position in the state ; but his vehement belong to either. The great length of the Philippics
temper, haughty bearing, and above all his support was not so much owing to the minute account
of the aristocratical party, which he had inherited which it gave of the life and reign of Philip, as to
from his father, soon raised against him a host of the numerous digressions of all kinds with which
enemies. Of these one of the most formidable was it abounded. For as it was the original intention
the sophist Theocritus, who had also been a pupil of Theopompus to write a history of the whole
of Isocrates, and who likewise attacked Alexander of Greece (comp. Polyb. viii. 13), he eagerly
and Aristotle in the bitterest manner. (Strab. xiv. availed himself of every opportunity that occurred
p. 645. ) As long as Alexander lived, his enemies to give an account of other Greek states. Such a
dared not take any open proceedings against digression sometimes occupied several books, as we
Theopompus ; and even after the death of the learn from Diodorus (xvi. 71), who informs us that
Macedonian monarch, he appears to have enjoyed the 41st, 42d, and 43d books were devoted to the
for some years the protection of the royal house. history of Sicily. Moreover in these digressions
But when he lost this support, he was expelled Theopompus did not confine himself to contempo-
from Chiog as a disturber of the public peace. He raneous events, but frequently ascended to fabulous
fied to Egypt to king Ptolemy. (Phot. I. c. ) Pto times. The digressions in fact formed by far the
lemy did not assume the title of king till B. C. 306, larger part of the work ; and Philip V. king of
and consequently if the expression of Photius is to Macedonia, was able, by omitting them and retain-
be taken literally, we may place the arrival of ing only what belonged to the proper subject, to
Theopompus in Égypt in B. C. 305, when he was reduce the work from fifty-eight books to sixteen.
seventy-five years of age. Photius adds that Pto- (Phot. I. c. ) Fifty-three of the fifty-eight books
lemy not only refused to receive Theopompus, but of the original work were extant in the ninth
would even have put him to death as a dangerous century of the Christian aera, and were read by
busy body, had not some of his friends interceded Photius, who bas preserved an abstract of the
for his life. Of his further fate we have no par- twelfth book. (Phot. I. c. ) The five books lost in
ticulars, but he probably died soon afterwards. the time of Photius were the 6th, 7th, 9th, 20th,
The following is a list of the works of Theo- and 30th, and these were, without doubt, the same
pompus, none of which have come down to us. five books, which were missing as early as the time
1. Επιτομή των Ηροδότου ιστοριών, An Epitome | of Diodorus (xvi. 3). The Hellenics probably
of the History of Herodotus. This work is men- perished earlier, as they were less celebrated :
tioned by Suidas, and in a few passages of the Photius, at least, appears not to bave read them.
grammarians; but it has been questioned by Vossius The two works, the Hellenics and Philippics, con-
whether it was really drawn up by Theopompus, tained together, according to Theopompus's own
on the ground that it is improbable that a writer of statement, 150. 000 lines (Phot. l. c. ). "The Phi-
his attainments and skill in historical composition lippics are constantly quoted by the ancient writers,
would have engaged in such a task. It has there and many fragments of them are preserved.
fore been supposed that it was executed by some 4. Orationcs, which were chiefly Panegyrics, and
later writer, who prefixed to it the well-known what the Greeks called Eyubov EUTIKO 16oi.
name of Theopompus. It is, however, not impos- Besides the Panegyric on Mausolus, which has
sible that Theopompus may have made the Epitome been already alluded to, Theopompuz wrote Pane-
at an early period of his life as an exercise in gyrics on Philip and Alexander (Theon, Progymn.
composition.
ed to
of bis
ce of the
ich be er:
Pro: Card
bese letters
place the
e anarchat
II B G 114;
3: Sida 3
is the most
cated Cas
of
CDMIN;
be learned
7 bers. We
left his matte
f rhetoric cii
pratied so auch
er, that he wa
fost distingue
Pre Ord Ant
102. Posp. c6. )
dos-studert sich
at character; od
obat Tbarness
pp. 19, 103; Suidas, s. v. "Epopos). Of his Evmbou
2. Ελληνικαι ιστορίαι or Σύνταξις Ελληνικών, λευτικοί λόγοι, one of the most celebrated was
A History of Greece, in twelve books, was a co- addressed to Alexander on the state of Chios, and
4 4 3
e spur. (Lijn
cousquen the
did not devor bi
Ling of cases, bai
studs and negara
4 1. 132? ) Lite
, he composed on


## p. 1094 (#1110) ##########################################

1094
THEOSEBIA.
THEOXOTUS.
THE
pp135, 136 ; Pape,
3
a
is variously cited by the ancients under the titles | epigram in the Greek Anthology upon the physician
of Ewubovna! otpos 'Anétavopov (Athen. vi. p. 230, Ablabius, was the sister of the philosopher Zosi.
f. ), Συμβουλευτικών προς Αλεξάνδρον (Cic. ad Αtt. mus of Thebes, who dedicated to her his work on
xii. 40), and 'ETIOTOA apds 'Aléxavdpov (Athen. chemistry, and who appears to have lived under
xiii. p. 595).
Theodosius II. , about A. D. 420. (Suid. &. v.
5. Katà nadtwvos dlatpıbń (Athen. xi. p. 508, Zvoipos ; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. iv. p. 497, new
c; Diog. Laërt, iii. 40), was perhaps a digression ed. , and vol. xii. p. 753, old ed. ; Brunck, Anal
.
in his Philippics; and the same appears to have rol. ii. p. 450 ; Jacobs, Anth. Gruec. vol. iii. po
been the case with his work which is cited under 156, vol. xiii. p. 961. )
[P. S. ]
the title of
THEOSTERICTUS, a Gre mo in Bithir-
6. Mepl euoebeias (Schol. ad Aristoph. Av. 1354; nia, lived in the reigns of Michael II. Balbus
Porphyr, de Austin. ii. 16).
(A. D. 820—829) and of his son 'Theophilus (A. D.
The work which Anaximenes published under 829—842). He wrote the life of his master
the name of Theopompus, in order to injure his Nicetas the Confessor, which is published by Su-
rival, is spoken of in the life of the former. (Vol. I. rius, vol. ii. d. 3. April. (Vossius, dc Hist. Graec.
p. 166, b. )
p. 343, ed. Westermann ; Fabric. Bibl. Gruec. vol.
Theopompus is praised by Dionysius of Hali- xi. p. 719. )
carnassus (l. c. ) as well as by other ancient writers THEOTI'MUS (Oedriuos), a Greek writer of
for his diligence and accuracy ; but he is at the unknown date, wrote upon Italy (Plut. Parall.
same time blamed by most writers for the extrava- min. c. 8), Cyrene (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iv. 61,
gance of his praises and censures. He is said, v. 33), and the Nile (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. vii.
however, to have taken more pleasure in blaming 33). Athenaeus (xiii. p. 611, b. ) speaks of a
than in commending ; and many of his judgments stoic philosopher of the name of Theotiinus, but in
respecting events and characters were expressed that passage Diotimus ought probably to be sub-
with such acrimony and severity that several of stituted. [Diotimus, No. 5. ) (Comp. Vossius,
the ancient writers speak of his malignity, and call c Hist. Graec.