scrīðan,
651, 704; scrīðan tō, 2570.
651, 704; scrīðan tō, 2570.
Beowulf
scōp him
Heort naman (_shaped, gave, it the name Heorot_), 78; pres. part. wæs sīo
wrōht scepen heard wið Hūgas, syððan Hygelāc cwōm (_the contest with the
Hūgas became sharp after H. had come_), 2915.
ge-sceapan, _to shape, create_: pret. sg. līf ge-sceōp cynna gehwylcum, 97.
scear, st. m. , _massacre_: in comp. gūð-, inwit-scear, 2429, etc.
scearp, adj. , _sharp, able, brave_: nom. sg. scearp scyld-wiga,
288. --Comp. : beadu-, heaðo-scearp.
scearu, st. f. , _division, body, troop_: in comp. folc-scearu; _that is
decided_ or _determined_, in gūð-scearu (_overthrow_? ), 1214.
sceat, st. m. , _money_; also _unit of value in appraising_ (cf. Rieger in
Zacher's Zeits. 3, 415): acc. pl. sceattas, 1687. When numbers are given,
sceat appears to be left out, cf. 2196, 2995 (see þūsend). --Comp.
gif-sceat.
scēat, st. m. , _region, field_: acc. pl. gefrætwade foldan scēatas leomum
and lēafum, 96;--_top, surface, part_: gen. pl. eorðan scēata, 753.
scēawere, st. m. , _observer, spy_: nom. pl. scēaweras, 253.
scēawian, w. v. w. acc. , _to see, look at, observe_: inf. scēawian, 841,
1414, 2403, 2745, 3009, 3033; scēawigan, 1392; pres. sg. II. þæt gē genōge
nēan scēawiað bēagas and brād gold, 3105; subj. pres. þæt ic . . . scēawige
swegle searo-gimmas, 2749; pret. sg. scēawode, 1688, 2286, 2794; sg. for
pl. , 844; pret. pl. scēawedon, 132, 204, 984, 1441.
ge-scēawian, _to see, behold, observe_: pret. part. ge-scēawod, 3076, 3085.
sceorp, st. n. , _garment_: in comp. hilde-sceorp.
scēotan, st. v. , _to shoot, hurl missiles_: pres. sg. sē þe of flān-bogan
fyrenum scēoteð, 1745; pres. part. nom. pl. scēotend (_the warriors,
bowmen_), 704, 1155; dat. pl. for scēotendum (MS. scotenum), 1027.
ge-scēotan, w. acc. , _to shoot off, hurry_: pret. sg. hord eft gescēat
(_the dragon darted again back to the treasure_), 2320.
of-scēotan, _to kill by shooting_: pret. sg. his mǣg of-scēt . . . blōdigan
gāre _(killed his brother with bloody dart_), 2440.
scild, scyld, st. m. , _shield_: nom. sg. scyld, 2571; acc. sg. scyld, 437,
2076; acc. pl. scyldas, 325, 333, 2851.
scildan, scyldan, w. v. , _to shield, protect_: pret. subj. nymðe mec god
scylde (_if God had not shielded me_), 1659.
scild-freca, w. m. , _shield-warrior_ (warrior armed with a shield): nom.
sg. scyld-freca, 1034.
scild-weall, st. m. , _wall of shields_: acc. sg. scild-weall, 3119.
scild-wiga, w. m. , _shield-warrior_: nom. sg. scyld-wiga, 288.
scinna, w. m. , _apparition, evil spirit_: dat. pl. scynnum, 940.
scip, st. n. , _vessel, ship_: nom. sg. , 302; acc. sg. , 1918; dat. sg. tō
scipe, 1896; gen. sg. scipes, 35, 897; dat pl. tō scypum (scypon, MS. ),
1155.
scip-here, st. m. , (exercitus navalis) _armada, fleet_: dat. sg. mid
scip-herge, 243.
ge-scīfe (for ge-scȳfe), adj. , _advancing_ (of the dragon's movement),
2571; = G. _schief_?
scīnan, st. v. , _to shine, flash_: pres. sg. sunne . . . sūðan scīneð, 607;
so, 1572; inf. geseah blācne lēoman beorhte scīnan, 1518; pret. sg.
(gūð-byrne, woruld--candel) scān, 321, 1966; on him byrne scān, 405; pret.
pl. gold-fāg scinon web æfter wāgum, 995; scionon, 303.
scīr, adj. , _sheer, pure, shining_: nom. sg. hring-īren scīr, 322; scīr
metod, 980; acc. sg. n. scīr wered, 496; gen. sg. scīran goldes, 1695.
scīr-ham, adj. , _bright-armored, clad in bright mail_: nom. pl. scīr-hame,
1896.
scoten. See scēoten.
ge-scōd, pret. part. , _shod_ (calceatus), _covered_: in comp.
ǣr-ge-scōd(? ). See ge-sceaðan, and Note.
scop, st. m. , _singer, shaper, poet_: nom. sg. , 496, 1067; gen. sg. scopes,
90.
scræf, st. n. , _hole in the earth, cavern_: in comp. eorð-scræf.
scrīðan, st. v. , _to stride, go_: pres. pl. scrīðað, 163; inf.
scrīðan,
651, 704; scrīðan tō, 2570.
scrīfan, st. v. , _to prescribe, impose_ (punishment): inf. hū him (Grendel)
scīr metod scrīfan wille, 980.
for-scrīfan, w. dat. pers. , _to proscribe, condemn_: pret. part. siððan him
scyppend for-scrifen hæfde, 106.
ge-scrīfan, _to permit, prescribe_: pret. sg. swā him Wyrd ne ge-scrāf (_as
Weird did not permit him_), 2575.
scrūd, st. m. , _clothing, covering; ornament_: in comp. beadu-,
byrdu-scrūd.
scucca, w. m. , _shadowy sprite, demon_: dat. pl. scuccum, 940.
sculan, aux. v. w. inf. : 1) _shall, must_ (obligation): pres. sg. I. , III.
sceal, 20, 24, 183, 251, 271, 287, 440, 978, 1005, 1173, 1387, 1535, etc. ;
scel, 455, 2805, 3011; II. scealt, 589, 2667; subj. pres. scyle, 2658;
scile, 3178; pret. ind. sg. I. , III. scolde, 10, 806, 820, 966, 1071, 1444,
1450, etc. ; sceolde, 2342, 2409, 2443, 2590, 2964; II. sceoldest, 2057; pl.
scoldon, 41, 833, 1306, 1638; subj. pret. scolde, 1329, 1478; sceolde,
2709. --2) w. inf. following it expresses futurity, = _shall, will_: pres.
sg. I. , III. sceal bēodan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637,
1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc. ; II. scealt, 1708;
pl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069. --3)
sculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple
tense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg.
hē ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit? _), 2276; pret. sg.
sē þe wæter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; wæcnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85;
sē þone gomelan grētan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; þæt se
byrn-wiga būgan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919;
pl. þā þe beado-grīman bȳwan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck
the battle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068. --4) w. omitted inf. , such as
wesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela māðma ge-mǣnra (i. e. wesan). 1784; so,
2660; sceal se hearda helm . . . fǣtum befeallen (i. e. wesan), 2256; ic him
æfter sceal (i. e. gangan), 2817; subj. þonne þū forð scyle (i. e. gangan),
1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again
expressed with a subsequent sceal: gǣð ā Wyrd swā hīo scel (_Weird goeth
ever as it shall_ [go]), 455; gūð-bill ge-swāc swā hit nō sceolde (i. e.
ge-swīcan), 2586.
scūa, w. m. , _shadowy demon_: in comp. dēað-scūa.
scūfan, st. v. : 1) intrans. , _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. þā wæs
morgen-lēoht scofen and scynded, 919. --2) w. acc. , _to shove, push_: pret.
pl. guman ūt scufon . . . wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_),
215; dracan scufun . . . ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the
wall-like cliff_), 3132. See wīd-scofen(? )
be-scūfan, w. acc. , _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. wā bið þǣm þe sceal
. . . sāwle be-scūfan in fȳres fæðm (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul
into fire's embrace_), 184.
scūr, st. m. , _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. īsern-scūr.
scūr-heard, adj. , _fight-hardened? (file-hardened? _): nom. pl. scūr-heard,
1034.
scyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.
scyldig, adj. , _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and
instr. : ealdres (morðres) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig
(_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.
scyndan, w. v. , _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919
scynna. See scinna.
scyppend. See sceapan.
scȳran, w. v. , _to arrange, decide_: inf. þæt hit sceaðen-mǣl scȳran
mōste (_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O. N. skora, _to score,
decide_.
scȳne, adj. , _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. mægð scȳne, 3017.
sē, se, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom. , 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92,
102, etc. ; fem, sēo, 66, 146, etc. ; neut. þæt;--relative: sē (_who_), 1611,
2866; sē þe (_he who_), 2293; sēo þe (_she who_), 1446; sē þe (for sēo þe),
1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel's mother, as a wild, demonic
creature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a
son; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for sēo,
2422; dat. sg. þām (for þām þe), 2780.
secce. See sacu.
secg, st. m. , _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan? ): nom. sg. , 208,
872, 2228, 2407, etc. ; (Bēowulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc. ;
(Wulfgār), 402; (Hunferð), 981; (Wīglāf), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg
(Grendel's mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas,
213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.
secg, st. f. , _sword_ (sedge? ): acc. sg. secge, 685.
secgan, w. v. , _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc. : pres. sg. gode ic þanc secge,
1998; so, 2796; pres. part. swā se secg hwata secgende wæs lāðra spella
(partitive gen. ), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. sægde
him þæs lēanes þanc, 1810; pret.
Heort naman (_shaped, gave, it the name Heorot_), 78; pres. part. wæs sīo
wrōht scepen heard wið Hūgas, syððan Hygelāc cwōm (_the contest with the
Hūgas became sharp after H. had come_), 2915.
ge-sceapan, _to shape, create_: pret. sg. līf ge-sceōp cynna gehwylcum, 97.
scear, st. m. , _massacre_: in comp. gūð-, inwit-scear, 2429, etc.
scearp, adj. , _sharp, able, brave_: nom. sg. scearp scyld-wiga,
288. --Comp. : beadu-, heaðo-scearp.
scearu, st. f. , _division, body, troop_: in comp. folc-scearu; _that is
decided_ or _determined_, in gūð-scearu (_overthrow_? ), 1214.
sceat, st. m. , _money_; also _unit of value in appraising_ (cf. Rieger in
Zacher's Zeits. 3, 415): acc. pl. sceattas, 1687. When numbers are given,
sceat appears to be left out, cf. 2196, 2995 (see þūsend). --Comp.
gif-sceat.
scēat, st. m. , _region, field_: acc. pl. gefrætwade foldan scēatas leomum
and lēafum, 96;--_top, surface, part_: gen. pl. eorðan scēata, 753.
scēawere, st. m. , _observer, spy_: nom. pl. scēaweras, 253.
scēawian, w. v. w. acc. , _to see, look at, observe_: inf. scēawian, 841,
1414, 2403, 2745, 3009, 3033; scēawigan, 1392; pres. sg. II. þæt gē genōge
nēan scēawiað bēagas and brād gold, 3105; subj. pres. þæt ic . . . scēawige
swegle searo-gimmas, 2749; pret. sg. scēawode, 1688, 2286, 2794; sg. for
pl. , 844; pret. pl. scēawedon, 132, 204, 984, 1441.
ge-scēawian, _to see, behold, observe_: pret. part. ge-scēawod, 3076, 3085.
sceorp, st. n. , _garment_: in comp. hilde-sceorp.
scēotan, st. v. , _to shoot, hurl missiles_: pres. sg. sē þe of flān-bogan
fyrenum scēoteð, 1745; pres. part. nom. pl. scēotend (_the warriors,
bowmen_), 704, 1155; dat. pl. for scēotendum (MS. scotenum), 1027.
ge-scēotan, w. acc. , _to shoot off, hurry_: pret. sg. hord eft gescēat
(_the dragon darted again back to the treasure_), 2320.
of-scēotan, _to kill by shooting_: pret. sg. his mǣg of-scēt . . . blōdigan
gāre _(killed his brother with bloody dart_), 2440.
scild, scyld, st. m. , _shield_: nom. sg. scyld, 2571; acc. sg. scyld, 437,
2076; acc. pl. scyldas, 325, 333, 2851.
scildan, scyldan, w. v. , _to shield, protect_: pret. subj. nymðe mec god
scylde (_if God had not shielded me_), 1659.
scild-freca, w. m. , _shield-warrior_ (warrior armed with a shield): nom.
sg. scyld-freca, 1034.
scild-weall, st. m. , _wall of shields_: acc. sg. scild-weall, 3119.
scild-wiga, w. m. , _shield-warrior_: nom. sg. scyld-wiga, 288.
scinna, w. m. , _apparition, evil spirit_: dat. pl. scynnum, 940.
scip, st. n. , _vessel, ship_: nom. sg. , 302; acc. sg. , 1918; dat. sg. tō
scipe, 1896; gen. sg. scipes, 35, 897; dat pl. tō scypum (scypon, MS. ),
1155.
scip-here, st. m. , (exercitus navalis) _armada, fleet_: dat. sg. mid
scip-herge, 243.
ge-scīfe (for ge-scȳfe), adj. , _advancing_ (of the dragon's movement),
2571; = G. _schief_?
scīnan, st. v. , _to shine, flash_: pres. sg. sunne . . . sūðan scīneð, 607;
so, 1572; inf. geseah blācne lēoman beorhte scīnan, 1518; pret. sg.
(gūð-byrne, woruld--candel) scān, 321, 1966; on him byrne scān, 405; pret.
pl. gold-fāg scinon web æfter wāgum, 995; scionon, 303.
scīr, adj. , _sheer, pure, shining_: nom. sg. hring-īren scīr, 322; scīr
metod, 980; acc. sg. n. scīr wered, 496; gen. sg. scīran goldes, 1695.
scīr-ham, adj. , _bright-armored, clad in bright mail_: nom. pl. scīr-hame,
1896.
scoten. See scēoten.
ge-scōd, pret. part. , _shod_ (calceatus), _covered_: in comp.
ǣr-ge-scōd(? ). See ge-sceaðan, and Note.
scop, st. m. , _singer, shaper, poet_: nom. sg. , 496, 1067; gen. sg. scopes,
90.
scræf, st. n. , _hole in the earth, cavern_: in comp. eorð-scræf.
scrīðan, st. v. , _to stride, go_: pres. pl. scrīðað, 163; inf.
scrīðan,
651, 704; scrīðan tō, 2570.
scrīfan, st. v. , _to prescribe, impose_ (punishment): inf. hū him (Grendel)
scīr metod scrīfan wille, 980.
for-scrīfan, w. dat. pers. , _to proscribe, condemn_: pret. part. siððan him
scyppend for-scrifen hæfde, 106.
ge-scrīfan, _to permit, prescribe_: pret. sg. swā him Wyrd ne ge-scrāf (_as
Weird did not permit him_), 2575.
scrūd, st. m. , _clothing, covering; ornament_: in comp. beadu-,
byrdu-scrūd.
scucca, w. m. , _shadowy sprite, demon_: dat. pl. scuccum, 940.
sculan, aux. v. w. inf. : 1) _shall, must_ (obligation): pres. sg. I. , III.
sceal, 20, 24, 183, 251, 271, 287, 440, 978, 1005, 1173, 1387, 1535, etc. ;
scel, 455, 2805, 3011; II. scealt, 589, 2667; subj. pres. scyle, 2658;
scile, 3178; pret. ind. sg. I. , III. scolde, 10, 806, 820, 966, 1071, 1444,
1450, etc. ; sceolde, 2342, 2409, 2443, 2590, 2964; II. sceoldest, 2057; pl.
scoldon, 41, 833, 1306, 1638; subj. pret. scolde, 1329, 1478; sceolde,
2709. --2) w. inf. following it expresses futurity, = _shall, will_: pres.
sg. I. , III. sceal bēodan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637,
1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc. ; II. scealt, 1708;
pl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069. --3)
sculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple
tense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg.
hē ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit? _), 2276; pret. sg.
sē þe wæter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; wæcnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85;
sē þone gomelan grētan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; þæt se
byrn-wiga būgan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919;
pl. þā þe beado-grīman bȳwan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck
the battle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068. --4) w. omitted inf. , such as
wesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela māðma ge-mǣnra (i. e. wesan). 1784; so,
2660; sceal se hearda helm . . . fǣtum befeallen (i. e. wesan), 2256; ic him
æfter sceal (i. e. gangan), 2817; subj. þonne þū forð scyle (i. e. gangan),
1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again
expressed with a subsequent sceal: gǣð ā Wyrd swā hīo scel (_Weird goeth
ever as it shall_ [go]), 455; gūð-bill ge-swāc swā hit nō sceolde (i. e.
ge-swīcan), 2586.
scūa, w. m. , _shadowy demon_: in comp. dēað-scūa.
scūfan, st. v. : 1) intrans. , _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. þā wæs
morgen-lēoht scofen and scynded, 919. --2) w. acc. , _to shove, push_: pret.
pl. guman ūt scufon . . . wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_),
215; dracan scufun . . . ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the
wall-like cliff_), 3132. See wīd-scofen(? )
be-scūfan, w. acc. , _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. wā bið þǣm þe sceal
. . . sāwle be-scūfan in fȳres fæðm (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul
into fire's embrace_), 184.
scūr, st. m. , _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. īsern-scūr.
scūr-heard, adj. , _fight-hardened? (file-hardened? _): nom. pl. scūr-heard,
1034.
scyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.
scyldig, adj. , _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and
instr. : ealdres (morðres) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig
(_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.
scyndan, w. v. , _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919
scynna. See scinna.
scyppend. See sceapan.
scȳran, w. v. , _to arrange, decide_: inf. þæt hit sceaðen-mǣl scȳran
mōste (_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O. N. skora, _to score,
decide_.
scȳne, adj. , _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. mægð scȳne, 3017.
sē, se, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom. , 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92,
102, etc. ; fem, sēo, 66, 146, etc. ; neut. þæt;--relative: sē (_who_), 1611,
2866; sē þe (_he who_), 2293; sēo þe (_she who_), 1446; sē þe (for sēo þe),
1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel's mother, as a wild, demonic
creature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a
son; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for sēo,
2422; dat. sg. þām (for þām þe), 2780.
secce. See sacu.
secg, st. m. , _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan? ): nom. sg. , 208,
872, 2228, 2407, etc. ; (Bēowulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc. ;
(Wulfgār), 402; (Hunferð), 981; (Wīglāf), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg
(Grendel's mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas,
213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.
secg, st. f. , _sword_ (sedge? ): acc. sg. secge, 685.
secgan, w. v. , _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc. : pres. sg. gode ic þanc secge,
1998; so, 2796; pres. part. swā se secg hwata secgende wæs lāðra spella
(partitive gen. ), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. sægde
him þæs lēanes þanc, 1810; pret.
