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ARTICLE L—ST. MUKNA, MUICIN, OR MUKINUS, BISHOP OF MAIGHIN, OR MOYNE, COUNTY OF MAYO.
and the Bollandists' have some notices of this saint, at the COL4GthAdNay*of March. The latter authorities doubt, how the name Muc- cinus can be resolved into Mucna, or even, if the identity of the Mucna, mentioned in St. Patrick's Tripartite Life, with the present holy man, be admitted, why, they ask, should the former be classed among our Irish saints ? We shall not attempt the solution of these difficulties, but only relate what we find on record. In one instance, at least, this saint is placed, among those holy persons connected with the county of Louth,3 where, according to some authorities, Maighin was located. However, we do not in- cline to such an opinion. Agaip^he is placed at Mines church, in Jenkinstown, county of Kilkenny, by Rev. Mr. Shearman. There is no account, regarding the time, in which St. Mucna or Muckin, of Magin, in Tyrawly, lived. Although we find him classed, by Colgan,'* among St. Patrick's disciples ; still, there is not the least foundation for an assertion, that he was made bishop, by—our Irish
from all omission in the the This be —
Apostle. may gleaned Tripartite authoritycitedforthisoccasion whichonlymakesmentionofMuckna,not
only as having been placed by St. Patrick,5 a bishop, over Domnach-mor church,*
See her Life, at the ist of February.
See his life, at the 25th of September.
* Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xvii.
5 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
62,63.
* It is described, on the " Ordnance Sur-
vey Townland Maps for the County of Wex-
ford," Sheets 35, 40.
1 See O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four
Masters," vol. i. , n. (b), p. 380.
^ Thenameisan of or Anglicizing irnf in|"e,
which signifies "an island" or "the holme ofariver. " See John O'Donovan's rendering in " Letters containing Information relative to the Antiquities of the County of Wexford, collected during the Progress of the Ord-
nance Survey in 1840," vol. ii. , p. 356.
' Classed B. 3. 10. It mentions, in the Calendar, at March 3rd, Nones. V. Sancti
Kelani, Epis. e—t Conf. ix. Lect.
Mukino, Episcopo, p. 457.
''See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. ,
Martii iv. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 299.
3 yee "Louth Extracts" of the Irish Ord- nance Survey, vol. i. , p. 140.
* See "Trias Thaumaturga. " Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 267.
s See his Life, at the 17th of March.
i. Article 'See,
"Acta Sanctorum Hibernice," iv. Martii. De S. Mukna sive
March 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. iii
in Tyrawly, but, rather as having been buried, in that place. 7 It has been identified with Moyne, in the parish of Killala,^ barony of Tirawley, and countyofMayo. Thefoundationofachurchissupposedtohavebeenlaid
there, about a. d, 440, when the Apostle prosecuted his successful mission, in that western district. It seems, Colgan adopted an opinion, that Muckna ruled over this church as a bishop,^ but, without any sufficient foundation for referring it to St. Patrick's time ; and, then finding himself puzzled about the
period when this supposed disciple lived, he threw out a conjecture, that
such appointment took place, a. d. 470. He assigns as a reason for this "
conjecture, that the Tripartite seems to indicate, by the term est," that Muckna was ahve, about the year 520 ; for, this has been very uncritically considered, as the period when the Tripartite Life had been written. '" Yet, nothing is more common in some of St. Patrick's Lives than to use est for
requiescit; so that, the meaning of the passage now quoted may be, that Mucna's remains were at Domnach-mor ; still, at what time they were
deposited there, we have no means left for discovering. Apparently, for no more sufficient reason, than not to make Mucna live too long, Colgan affixed
this appointment as bishop there, to the year 470, so that he might probably be living, about a. d. 520. " An entry appears, in the Martyrology of Tal- lagh," at the 4th of March, which thus reads : "Mucini Maighni. " Marianus
O'Gorman, also, commemorates him. In the Manuscript of Florarius, we find an entry of Mokinus, Abbas,'3 at the same date. According to the Martyrology of Donegal,'^ we read, about Muicin, of Maighin, as having a festival on this day.
Article II. —St. Adrian and his Companions, Martyrs, in the
IslandofMay,Scotland. \NinthCentury. ^ Thereareaccountsofthese
holy martyrs, in the works of the BoUandists,' of William F. Skene,^ and of Bishop Forbes. 3 These are taken, chiefly from the Breviary of Aberdeen. * Various other accounts have been added,3 and it would seem the authentic narrative of their Acts can hardly be composed, at present, so misty have become the popular and recorded traditions. Now, in the Calendars of the Catholic Church, a feast is assigned to a St. Adrian of Nicomedia,^ at the
*' "
4th of March, and in the Bruxelles Auctuarium of Usuard, we find a St
^
Patrick here founded an abbey. See " Mon- asticon Hibernicum," p. 502.
7 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. "
Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. ii. , cap.
Ixxxiii. , p. 141, and n. 134, p. 180.
Among the pretermitted saints, p. 299.
'* Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
62, 63.
Article II. —'See "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomus i. , Martii iv. De Sanctis Martyribus Adriano Epis. S, Andrese, Stolbrando Episc. Glodiano, Caio, et aliis plurimis, in Maia Insula Scotise, pp. 326 to 328.
^ See "Celtic Scotland: A of History
^
Its bounds are traceable on the "Ord-
Archdall states very incorrectly, that St.
nance Survey Townland Maps for the
of Sheets 22. County Mayo," 14, 15, 21,
On the latter Sheet is the townland of Ancient Alban," vol. ii. , chap, vii. , pp. 311
Moyne, near the mouth of the River Moy.
to 317.
3 See " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp.
266 to 268.
4 Pars Hyemalis, f. Ixii.
s See also the "Chronicles of the Picts
Here are ruins of a former abbey. "
9 See Acta Sanctorum Hibernias," Martii iv. , p. 457.
'° The passage reads: " Venit Patricius
ad Ecclesiara de — ubi est Domnach-mor,
Episcopus Mucna. " Colgan's "Trias Thau- maturga. " Septima Vita S. Patricii, pars. ii. , cap. Ixxxiii. , p. 141.
and ^
Scots," p. 423.
In the Bollandists' account, the number
_" See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, v. , sect. xii. , pp. 253, 254. , and n. 119, p. 255.
of martyred companions is thirty-three, and we are told the most ancient Martyrologies,
as also the Roman Martyrology, edited by Baronius, are of accord. See "Acta Sane- torum," tomus i. , Martii iv. Among the
pretermitted saints, p. 300.
"> " Apud Nicomediam natale beati Ad«
" Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xvii.
'3 See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum. "
112 LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 4.
Gagius,7 who seems to correspond with Gayus of tlie Aberdeen Breviary, at the same date. For iUustration of what we are about to convey, the reader is requested to give some little consideration to the notices of Saints Mannan and Tiaan, of Aredh-Suird or Airiudh h-Uird, at the 23rd of February. ^ In addition we may observe, that the Breviary of Aberdeen contains an account, that St. Adrian was born in the province of Pannonia in Hungary ; that he was of royal descent and of episcopal rank ; his diligence in the sacred order being testified, by the many clerics and seculars, who were his companions. Inflamed with missionary zeal, it is said he betook himself to the eastern and Pictish parts of Scotia. The incredible number of 6,606 companions, in- cluding Glodian,9 Gaius,^° Monan," Stolbrand, and others not specially named. AlthoughcalledBishopofSt. Andrew's,St. Adrianissupposedto have been a bishop, yet without a fixed see. ^^ But, it seems most probable, that the present holy man, and his companion martyrs, came from Ireland j since, Boece states, that they were of the Scots and Angles. '3 It has been supposed, by a learned and critical Scottish historian,^-* that the Angles may have represented the church of Acca,^5 who, driven from Northumberland, had founded a bishopric among the Picts, in a. d. 732, while the Scotti or Irish may have represented the church of Adrian, who, in some of the lists, is placed at the head of the bishops of St Andrew's. '^ A conjecture has been hazarded, that the Irish contingent had been forced out of Ireland, owing to the Danish invasions, which prevailed, especially during the ninth century. It is thought, that when Kenneth MacAlpin had established his sway over the Picts, and when his son Constantine II. reigned, the holy Irish emigrants arrived, and acquired a habitation in the Firth of Forth. '? The martyrdom of St. Adrian, and of his companions, is referred to about a. d. 875, and in the IslandofMay,wheretheyweremassacredbytheDanes. Fordunmakes outthenumberofthosemartyred,tobeonehundred. Thelegendhasthis measure of corroboration, that a fight occurred, a. d. 875, between the Scots and Danes, when many of the former were slaughtered. '^ There was anciently a monastery of fair-coursed masonry, in the Island of May ; but, it was destroyed by the English. There, too, was a celebrated cemetery, where the bodies of these mart}Ts repose,'?
and on this hallowed spot, various miracles were wrought, in favour of pious pilgrims, who frequented it. Gaius or Gayus is noted, as one of those martyrs, who suffered with St. Adrian, on the 4th of March. '"^ Near Lochleven, in Fife, was the land of Kylemagage. ^' Ganinius is also noticed, as one of these sufferers ; yet, he
riani cum aliis viginti tribus qui omnes sub rias, a Prima Gentis Origine," fol. ccxiii. Diocletianopostmultasuppliciacrurifragio 'WilliamF. Skene. SeeNotesofEarly martyrium consummaverunt. Ipso die Ecclesiastical Settlements at S. Andrew's.
"
passio S. Gagii Palatini—in mare mersi et
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries
aliorum viginti septem. "
SoUer's edition of Usuard, p. 138, printed at Antwerp A. D.
of vol. Scotland,"
February, and at the 20th of October. * '*
1714.
See vol. ii. , of this work. Art. iv. See "Records of the Priory of the Isle of
5 See Bishop Forbes' ** Kalendars of May," edited by John Stuart, LL. D. , A. D.
Scottish Saints," p. 357.
'° See ibid. , p. 354.
" The reader is referred to the particulars
already given, in this work, vol. ii. , at Feb-
1 868.
'7 See William F. Skene's " Celtic Scot-
land : A History of Ancient Alban," vol.
Saints Mannan and Tiaan, of Aredh-suird or Airiudh h-Uird.
ii. , chap, vii. , pp. 312 to 315.
'^ "
Art. ruary 23rd, iv. ,
It is
Scoti co Achcochlam. " nicle. "
"
Occisi sunt "Pictish Chro-
See Dr. Todd's "St. Patrick. Apostle
of Ireland," Introductory Dissertation, pp.
36 to 87.
'3 "
''See the "Chronicles of the Picts and
He says, they were— ex Scotis Anglis- See Pars Hyemalis, f. Ixii,
" *'
que gregarie collectis. " Scotorum Hysto- Retours of Fife, 173.
iv. , p. 316.
'^ See an account of him, at the 19th of
Scots," p. 423. ='°
at that— stated, year,
March 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 113
may not be different from the preceding, in the opinion of Bishop Forbes. '^ Wyntoun gives a minute account of the incidents connected with this mar- tyrdom,inhisquaintlyrhymed"Chronicon/'^3 TheholyAdrianandhis companions, martyrs, are venerated on the 4th of March, as we find in the Calendar of the Breviary of Aberdeen, and they had an office of nine Lessons. ^4 In Adam King's Kalendar, at March 4th, we read : S. Adriane bisch. of S. Andrew mart, m scotl. be ye dannes vnder King Constantine ye 2. ^5 Again, in the Island of May, it is stated, St. Adrian a distinguished bishop of the Scots was martyred, and, with many thousands of both sexes
went to Heaven. ^^
Die Martii, enters, St. Adrian or Hadrian Archbishop of St. Andrew's and
Martyr. ^7 It must be acknowledged, our Irish Calendars have no correspond- ing notices.
ArticleHI. —St. Phillip,Bishop,ofCluainBainbh. Thissaintis
merely named, in the Irish Martyrologies and Calendars, as being a bishop of Cluain Bainbh. ' Colgan was unable to discover the age, in which he flourished. He hazards a conjecture, however, that Philip might have been identical with a reputed saint, to whom a feast has been assigned, at the 4th of March. Thus, in the Carthusian Martyrology, it is stated, that a Saint Moggrudo, a Bishop and Confessor, was venerated in Ireland, on this day f but, nothing is contained, in our home Martyrologies or Annals, regarding him, at this, or at any other, date. Perhaps, he only distinguished himself, on a foreign mission. 3 On this day, the Martyrology of Tallagh+ comuiemo- rates the Natalis of a certain holy bishop, whose name is suppressed. ^ How- ever, he is called Bishop of Clocharbainni, probably another name for Cluain- Bainbh. ^ Under another form of insertion, Colgan thinks the former an erroneous one, and that it should accord with that in the Martyrologies of Mananus O'Gorman and of Donegal,? where we find, on this day, recorded, Philip, Bishop, of Cluain Bainbh. The BoUandists have their doubtful notices of Philip and of Moggrudo. ^ Again, under the head of Cluain-bambh, and Clochar, Duald Mac Firbis enters, Philip, Bishop of Cluain bainbh, a holy bishop of Clogher, at March 4th. 9 Besides this, m the anonymous Catalogue of Irish Saints, published by OSuUevan Beare, at the 4th of March,wemeetwithMogrudo. OntheauthorityoftheCarthusianMartyr-
and of order every
slain,
Also,
David Camerarius, at
4
354.
" S.
" See " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p.
's Thus he writes — :
"And upon Haly Thurysday Saynt Adriane thai shoe in May
Wyth mony off hys cumpany ; In to that haly lie thai ly. "
Episcopi et Confessoris. " And Herman Greuen finds in a MS. Carthusian Martyr-
3 Colgan here remarks, that unless some
error has been introduced, in writing the name, this saint must have lived and died out of Ireland.
'• EditedbyRev. Dr. Kelly,p. xvii.
it is entered in this form, in the work as
—Book vi. , chap. viii.
s
Forbes' " ''S See ibid. , p. 146.
"
"* See
Scottish . Saints," p. 113.
Kalendars of
Noeb, Eps.
o Clochair
Bishop
published : boinni. "
'* See Dempster's " cum," Ibid. , p. 193.
'^ See ibid. , p. 235.
Menologium
Scoti-
* I am unable to discover the location of Cluain-Bainbh.
7 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
62, 63.
* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. ,
Martii iv. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 299.
9 See "Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish MSS. Series, vol. i,, part i. , pp. 98, 99, lOO, loi.
Article hi. —' See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," iv. Martii. De S. Muggrudone, Episcopo et Confessore. Item de S. Philippo Episcopo, p. 457.
'The Carthusian Martyrology, at the 4th
" ofMarch, says :
In Hibernia Moggrudonis
of
copi et Confessoris in Hiijernia. "
ology
Cologne :
Moggrudonis Epis-
H
J 14 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 4.
ology, at the same date, he appears, in Henry Fitzsimon's list, as, Mogrado,
a '° The reader is referred to what we have to on the succeed- bishop. state,
ing day.
Article IV. —St. Owen or Owini, Monk, at Lichfield, England. [Seventh Cenhity. '] Several Calendarists place the festival of this holy man, at the present date, when. the Bollandists give his Acts. ^ He must have survived St. Cedda or Chad, his master, and Bishop of Lichfield,^ who is thought to have departed, about 672. There are good reasons for supposing Owini or Owen to have been an Irishman. 3 It is said, a church was dedi- cated to him, in the city of Gloucester, on the River Severn, and in the Kingdom of the West Angles. His other Acts will be found recorded, with those of St. Cedda or Chad, Bishop of Lichfield. ^
Article V. —First Deposition of St. Fursey's Relics.
\Smenth
Century,^ From various sources, Colgan collects the inference, that the first
deposition of St. Fursey's relics took place, at the present date. ' It is
related, in the old Acts of St. Fursey, that his body lay unburied, within,
and, not after, thirty days. Venerable Bede states, that it lay unburied for
twenty-sixdays;' but,Colgansuggests,thattwenty-threeshouldprobablybe the correct rendering. Hence, he considers, that Trithemius^ and others, whomakethisthedayofSt. Fursey'sdeath,oughtratherregardit, asthat for his first interment. The life of this great servant of God has been akeady given, at the i6th of January, while his death by many ^^Tite^3 has beenassigned,eithertothatdate,ortothe9thofFebruary. Supposingthis lattertobethecorrectdateforit, Colganthinksthepresentdayshouldbe marked in the Calendars, for the first deposition of his relics. *
Article VI. —Feast of St. Lucius, Pope and Martyr. \Third Century^ At the 4th of March, the Irish Church celebrated the festival of St. Lucius. ' He was the son of Porphyrius, and of a distinguished Roman
family. He was the twenty-second Pope, but he only ruled over the Church for a brief period, and suffered martyrdom, during the second consulate of Volusianus,onMarch4th,a. d. 253. ' Heiscommemorated,onthisday,in
"See O'SuUevan Beare's "Historiae
CatholicseIberniasCompendium,"tomusi. ,
lib. iv. , cap. xi. , p. 49, and cap. xii. , p. 56.
Article IV. —'See "Acta
tomus i. , Martii iv. De S. Owino Monacho been
Lichfeldias in Anglia Commentarius histori- cus, pp. 212, 213.
'
See his Life, at the 2nd of March.
3 His Life is included in Jerome Porter's "Flowers of the Lives of the most ilkistrious
Saints of England, Scotland and Ireland. "
* See an account of him in "A Memorial
of Ancient Briti—sh Piety," p. 46.
Article v. 'See "Acta Sanctorum
Hiberniae," iv. Martii. S.