A great part of the side walls is removed, but in two of them
doorways
may yet
Old Church at
Dysart Gallen, Queen's County.
Old Church at
Dysart Gallen, Queen's County.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v1
, col.
427.
Editio Ingolstadt
of has an Donegal,"
See Dr. Todd's and Dr. Reeves' edition, pp. 4, 5.
? The approach to it is through picturesque scenery, and the interior sanctuary is neatly decorated.
^ He is represented with a priest's habit, having on a surplice and stole.
^ i John, ii. , v. 5.
'° See Tomus *' Controvers. De Mon- ii. ,
:
38 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 2.
manner as that nothing should be equally or more greatly loved than God, and that nothing should be entertained contrary to divine love. This latter
gradeofperfectionisrequiredfromallmen; butgreatsaintsaspiretoastill more sublime degree of merit and of holiness.
Article III. —St. Mainchinn, or Manchan, Sage, of Disert-mic-
CuiLiNN, OR Disert Gallen, Queen's County. We must not disparage oral tradition when it comes to us in support of written history. For such a tradition there must be some assignable reason and connexion, although it be difficult to determine actual deficiency or excess. And never lingered popular lore in a more delightful spot than where it preserves the traces of this holy man's religious establishment. On this day, the Martyrology of Donegal^ mentions Mainchinn, Sage, of Disert-mic-cuilinn,^ now Disert Gallen, in Laeighis, of Leinster. 3 Manchen the Wise, is his designation, according to the Martyrology of Tallagh,^ at the 2nd of January. s
From the Irish Calendars^ we are able to collect no less than twelve
various entries of festivals set apart to honour saints called Mainchein
or Manchen. 7 To disintegrate the epithets, genealogies, and places, or to ascertain their diversity or individuality, seems a matter of extreme difficulty. It has been observed,^ that the different names of places, wdth which they were connected, will not ser\x sufficiently to mark a distinction, in some cases. It is remarkable, furthermore, that St. Mainchine of Disert- Chuilinn, and St, Mainchine of Mena-Droichit, are both distinguished by the epithet of the Wise, while both of their places were in ancient Leix.
In the Feilire of St. ^ngus, at the 2nd day of this month, we have the line,
"ITlAinc'liirieAri ei^je. "
" Manchine in Eirge. "
This may serve to distinguish the present St. Manchen from other saints
bearing the name. Now there is a parish, partly in the barony of Upper Ossory, Queen's County, but chiefly in that of Galmoy, county Kilkenny, which bears the name of Eirke. 9 With this, it seems most likely, the saint had some ministerial connexion. In this parish the ruins of more than one old church are yet traceable. We are told that a commemoration
Art. III. —' Edited by Drs. Todd and Sanctorum Hibemiae," xiv. Februarii. Reeves, pp. 4, 5. Vita S. Mancheni, n. 6, p. 333.
°
This place has been called Disert Chuil- ? These are : i. St. Mainchine of Disert, linn, by Colgan, in his Life of St. Manchin at 2nd of January. 2. St. Mainchine, son of Mohill. See "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- of Collan, at the 13th of January. 3. St. niae," p. 333. Mainchine of Leth, at the 24th of January.
3 See likewise the table appended to 4. St. Mainchine of Mohill, at the 14th of the "Martyrology of Donegal," pp. 440, February. 5. St. Mainchein, at the 23rd
441.
Edited by the Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xi. ,
and in the Franciscan copy we read " niAn- cheni SApiencif," scil "Festum. "
5 It is remarkable, that the feast of St.
Munchin, or Mainchin, patron of Limerick, falls on the same day with that of St. Main-
of March. 6. St. Mainchine, son of Failbhe, at the 24th of March. 7. St. Mainchein, at the 1st of May. 8. St. Mainchein Leper, at the 2ist of October. 9. St. Mainchine, Abbot of Lismore, at the 1 2th November. 10. St. Mainchine, cook to Mochta, at the 2nd of December. 11. St. Mainchine, at 4th of December. 12. St. Mainchine, at
chinn, patron of Dysart Gallen, and yet
from what has been already said, they must the 29th of December. The reader is re-
probably be distinct persons belonging to different epochs.
^
The Feilire of St. ^ngus, the Calen- dars of Cashel, Marianus O'Gorman, Cathal Maguire, and Donegal. See Colgan's "Acta
ferred to the several days here mentioned for separate notices.
8 gy Colgan.
9 See Lewis' "Topographical Dictionary of Ireland," vol. i, pp. 596, 597.
January 2. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 39
of the Menadrochit Manchenus' death is pointed out under the name of Manicheus, the Wise Irishman, which occurs in the books, " De MirabiHbus
Scripturae. "
^° but
These have been erroneously attributed to the great St. Augus-
tine,
they
are now known to have been an Irishman penned by
bearing his name. The times, it is said, agree very exactly, and the name
is not unlike. " Father Fitzsimon^^ has fallen into an error, in making St.
Mainchin the author of that treatise^3 intituled " De Mirabilibus Sacrse
Scripturae," comprised in three books. ^'^ This is now well known to have
been the production of an Irishman named Augustine, who wrote it about
theyear655. ^5 Inthistract,allusionismadetotheepochofaSt. Manchen's
appears
have been applied to Mainchen,'? Abbot of Mena, or Meana Drochit, near
demise. ^'^ The saint
to have lived within the
present
parochial limits of Dysart-gallen, near Ballynakill, in the barony of Cullinagh, Queen's County. Yet the epithet of Manchen the Wise seems also to
Burris-in-Ossory,
in the western
part
of the same
county.
^^ This latter man holy
died, A. D. 648, according to the Annals of the Four Masters,^9 or in the
year 651, according to those of Ulster. ^° This last named saint appears
to have been identical with the saint of Dysart Gallen, since both their
places were formerly situated within the ancient territory of Leix. ^' However,
we may observe that Mena Drochit was afterwards detached from it, and
is now found within the present bounds of Ossory. But it is not more
than fifteen miles removed from Dysart Gallen, which from time immemorial
was situate in the of Leix ^^
deanery proper.
In a lovely and sheltered valley, through which a rushing and rapid
mountain stream rolls, beside this river, the triangularly-shaped graveyard of Dysart Gallen rises on a knoll. The situation is a lonely one, but the
surrounding scenery for romantic beauty cannot be surpassed. The richest verdure covered the hill slopes, traversed in all directions by high haw- thorn hedges, which were covered with a profusion of snow-white blossoms, shedding exquisite odours around, at that season of the year when it was
A few late showers had intensified the delicious fragrance. A day of unclouded sunshine lent an air of cheerfulness to the whole prospect, contrasting with shadows cast by tree and bush over the green pasture lands. Ash and other tall trees grew around the old graveyard, and sheltered the church ruins, which rose in its
our good fortune to have first visited this spot.
"See "Opera S. Augustini," tomus iii. , lib. ii. , cap. 4.
" Sir James Ware, " De Scriptoribus Hibemise," lib. i. , cap. iii. , p. 26.
lOth, 1861.
'? This appears to have been the Mani-
chgeus, whose death is alluded to in the
" See his "
Sane-
bilia Sacras See "Harris' Scripturse. "
Ware," vol. iii. booki. , chap, iv. , p. 35.
'3 Only the foundations of Mun-dre-hid
church, as locally pronounced, now remain, with a cemetery, beautifully located, sur- rounding them. The place is incorrectly named on the Ordnance Survey maps,
'^ See O'Donovan's edition, vol. i. , pp. 262, 263.
==°
Catalogus Prsecipuorum torum Hibemiae," printed at Antwerp, in
1621.
*3 See Colgan, n. 67, p. loi.
'+ This tract had been printed in the early
editions of the great St. Augustin's works,
although classed among the spuria, on ac- coimt of the intrinsic evidences of its not having been written by the celebrated Bishop of Hippo.
's The author says his tract was vmtten the third year of the twelfth great cycle. Cave says he wrote it A. D. 657. The Bene- dictine editors of St. Augustine's works state that he wrote after 660.
'* See the learned and lucid dissertation on this subject of Augustine and his work, by the Rev. Dr. Reeves, in a paper read before the Royal Irish Academy, June
See ibid. n. (h), p. 263. =' "
treatise of Augustin, an Irishman,
"
Mira-
See Acta Sanctorum Hibemise," xiv.
Februarii. Vita S. Mancheni, n. 6, p.
333. ^^
See "Liber Regahs Visitationis," 5th and 6th of July returns, A. D. 161 5. Then
it had been a rectory impropriate, with a benefice {and residence for a vicar, p. 52.
Copy belonging to the Royal Irish Aca- demy.
existing
40 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 2.
midst. So protected from nipping winds were the primroses, that they were yet in full bloom, and in numerous tufts under the hedge-rows and along the thorn-covered hill-sides, even at so advanced a period in summer. =^3
The old ecclesiastical building here had been divided into nave and
choir, an arrangement, in our opinion, peculiar to nearly all our Irish churches, built since the Anglo-Norman invasion. We do not mean to assert, however, that it did not form an earlier type of our church archi- tecture. The choir is utterly ruined,^* only the foundations being dis- cernible. These are about 20 feet in length by 14 in width. The nave walls are in much better preservation. These measure 40 feet in length by 20 feet in breadth. The walls are over 3 feet in thickness.
A great part of the side walls is removed, but in two of them doorways may yet
Old Church at
Dysart Gallen, Queen's County.
be traced
The western gable is still very perfect, but It is termmated by a tottering belfry. A large window likewise pierced it. A gable-wall surmounted the beautifully jointed stone arch near
Two windows are also visible.
tne choir
Iti&j are built of grit and limestone materials. 's
The walls of this church seem to have been well cemented.
The writer is indebted for the following additional information regarding '
tnis locality. When passing by that sequestered and romantic spot, where
3 In A. D. 1870, the 1st day of June.
^ Such was the case, so far back as 1615,
Whenother
in repair and used for
nished from Carlow, on 5th & 6th July, 1615.
'^ The of the accompanying engraving
church and William adjoining scenery, by
Oldham, has been executed from a drawing, Regalis Visitationis," drawn sketched by the author, on the spot in
portions of the church had been
Protestant purposes.
See the "
up in the reign of James I. Return fur- March, 1873.
Liber
January 2. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 41
stood the remains of Dysart Gallen, you must have noticed the base ^^ on which stood a huge stone cross. Between it and the monastery below flows a stream, that in winter and freshet times assumes vast proportions. ^7
*
The district around is called Augh-na-cross, the field of the cross/ or
'
Ath-na-cross, the ford of the cross. ' This monastery was remarkable for
its hospitality. It was like an eastern caravansary, in which the soiled and foot-sore wayfarer, as well as the religious brethren, found a home and a
So at least runs the tradition. " ^^
Two remarkable looking antique roads crossed near the old church, and
at the ford or wooden temporary foot-bridge, thrown across the mountain
stream. Evidently these were very ancient thoroughfares. They wound steeply up the sides of this romantic glen, and led in different directions.
Article IV. —St. Lochaid or Lochait, Abbot of Magh Bile or
MoviLLE, County of Down. The religious community presided over bythissaintwassituatedneartheheadofStrangfordLough. Itlayabout
hospital.
an English mile to the north-east of Newtown Ards. ^
place in the local and abbatial succession.
Article V. —The Daughters of Baith or Bath, in the Plain of
the River Liffey. The collective sanctity of old Irish families is here
sufficiently displayed. We read about Ingena Baithi, or the daughters of Baith, in Maigh Liphe, or the Plain of the River Liffey, as having had a
festival at the 2nd of January, according to the "Martyrology of Tallagh. "^ It seems the site of their old church must be sought for not far from
the banks of the Liffey, and probably somewhere within the present county of Kildare,^ which forms the level plain of that river. 3
Article VI. —St. Ainbhithen, Virgin. The feast of Ainbhithen, a
"* This is now built into a wall, on the Maghbile. See " Acta Sanctorum Hiber- high road from Timahoe to Ballynakill, niae," xviii. Martii, Vita S. Fridiani,
" of that the feast of Martyrology Donegal,"^
Abbot of
had been celebrated on this day. 3 A similar entry is met with in the "Martyro- logy of Tallagh,"4 at the 2nd of January. Although our annals have deaths of various bishops and abbots of Maghbile, yet this holy man's name does not appear among them. It is difficult, in consequence, to assign his exact
"
We have not been able to find any further account regarding her.
Virgin, is mentioned in the
Martyrology of Donegal,"' as occurring this day.
having been removed from its former site.
^7 See sheet 30 of the Ordnance Survey
Appendix, cap. viii. , p. 650.
* Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xi. In
Townland Maps of the Queen's County. ExtractfromaletterheadedBallynakill,
Queen's County, 2nd November, 1870. It was written by the Rev. James Delany, P. P. , who has charge of Dysart Gallen parish. —'
Appendix, p. 376.
"
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 4, 5.
3 This is evidently the St. Locatius, Abbot Maghbile, placed by Colgan, through mistake, the 2nd of March, instead of the
2nd of January, in emunerating the saints of
the Franciscan copy, we find "LochAic . Abb *^ "
Art. IV.
tTlAigebib—e atthisdate.
"
Art, v. Edited by the Rev. Dr. Kelly,
p. xi. In the Franciscan copy we read,
"IngeriAbAcli in tTlAg Lipi. "
^ From a careful examination of the
Ordnance Survey Townland Maps, adjoin- ing the banks of the Liffey, I have not been
able to discover a probalsle identification, although many old church sites are indi- cated.
3 See the " Poems of Topographical
O'Dubhegan and O'Huidhrin," edited by
'
See Rev. William Reeves' Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Con- nor, and Dromore," p. 151, and Calendar in
'*
of
Dr. — n. O'Donovan, 440, p.
Lochait,
Magh-bile,
We learn from the
liv.
Art. vi. Edited by Drs, Todd and
Reeves. See pp. 4, 5«
42 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 3.
Clbirii IBap of Sanuarp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. FINTAN, PATRON OF DUNBLEISQUE, NOW THE PARISH OF DOONE, COUNTY OF LIMERICK.
[SIXTH CENTURY. ^
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—THE ANCIENT BIOGRAPHY OF ST. FINTAN—HIS PARENTAGE AND RACE —OPPOSITION OFFERED TO HIS PREACHING BY A CERTAIN DYNAST—CONVERSION OF ST. FINTAN's PERSECUTORS.
solely Unsightly
thrive apace at the same time, and require the horticulturist's skill to sepa- rate them from the soil. So it happens in writing our saints' acts, for it becomes equally necessary to exclude unmeaning and absurd legends from these pages, when they could only tend to disturb sound judgment, or to offend correct taste. However, the weed has a utility and an interest, apart from its noxious properties, for the naturalist, and the legend even serves the antiquary's process of deduction. Not forgetting the proper application of this knowledge, it may be observed, that in the old published acts of this saint, while it must be desirable to lop off many excrescences, the hagiologist or the religious reader will have no great reason to regret such removal from his field of vision.
has been published by Colgan. ^ Its defects are very apparent, and the manuscript from which it was printed had been in part defaced by ink.
This life was taken from a Salamancan MS. ^ It contains, without doubt, some gross fables and many errors. 3 From this record, however, we shall be obliged to extract whatever unobjectionable particulars it embraces, with
some additional information, suppHed from Colgan's notes. ^
Fintan was brother to St. Finlug, and son to Pipan,s son of Tule,^ who lived at a place called Cliach,7 according to the life of this saint. But
Art. I. —Chap. i. —'See "Acta Sane- the ist and 7th of January, the 21st of torum Hibemise," iii. Januarii. Vita S. Februaiy, the 27th of March, the nth of
THE
fairest parterre cannot be presented to the eye and be always covered with beautiflil shrubs and flowers. weeds
A very ancient biography—or rather a compendious life—of this saint
Fintani, pp. II to 14.
'
See ibid. , n. I, p. 12.
3 Among these the most incredible longe-
vity has been assigned to St. Fintan.
* The present St. Fintan was a different
May, the 9th of October, and the 14th of December. See Colgan's "Acta Sancto-
rum Hibemise," iii. Januarii, n. 2, p. 12.
s As this saint, in his acts, is called Fin- tan, son to Pipan, so likewise Marianus O'Gorman, at the 25th of November, and
person from St. Fintan, Abbot of Clonenagh,
whose acts are recorded at the 17th of Feb-
ruary ; also from St. Fintan, surnamed Pipan. Yet the latter is said to have been of
Munna, whose feast occurs at the 2ist of
October ; likewise from St. Fintan, Prince
of Leinster, whose acts are given at the 15th
of November; as from many other saints
Selbach, cap. i. , called him St. Finnan, son to different race, viz. , that of Conall Gulban.
bearing this same name, and who are men- Januarii, n. 6, p. 13. Colgan supposes
"
and in the Commentaries on St. . (Engus, at cliach, in the county of Limerick.
tioned in the
Martyrology of Tallagh," Cliach to have been identical with Ara-
*
Such is the account given in the acts
of our saint, as published by Colgan.
7 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibemiae," iii.
January 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 43
according to a commentator on ^ngus, his father was named Diman,^ who descended from Mured Manderig, King of Ulster. 9 The mother of our
saint was named Alinna/° said to have been daughter to Artgail, or Lenine, and she was of noble birth," belonging to a family that lived in the county
of Limerick, as Colgan supposes. The early career of this saint seems to have been involved in some obscurity, not dissipated by his old biographer. Hence, we are abruptly brought to narrate the following rather unconnected events.
In the time of St. Fintan, a certain incredulous and irreligious king lived in a district then known as Calathmagh," but it was called Eoghanacht,''3 at a period when the writer of his life flourished. Formerly there were several Eoghanachts in different parts of Ireland, especially in the southern
^ The commentator on ^ngus has a state-
ment concerning St. Fintan's parentage and race. At the 3rd of January, he writes, re-
tenuated," or "lean," by Marianus O'Gor-
man, and others. Thus, at the 3rd of Feb-
ruary, the day of her Natalis, she is called
Coel "Finnia the or Fhinnia, i. e. , Lean,"
perhaps she was the saint called Moinnia,
at the 2 1 St of May, ^by these same authors.
Mo, which signifies my, was prefixed to ex-
press veneration towards saints, -according to a custom common among our ancestors.
Afterwards, through repetition, this particle became incorporated with the original name. However, this virgin was different from Fin-
nia, daughter to Ere, mentioned by Selbach, cap. 18, for one had Ere as her father, and
the other Artgal, or Lenine, See Colgan's
Fintan and his brother that Fining,
garding
these were the two sons of Diman, son to
Fingen, son of Deman, son to Carill, son of Mured Manderig. St. Laserian, or St. Molassius of Leighlin, is said to have been son to the aforesaid Carill. The author of "
Menologie Genealogy," gives the descent of those saints in the same manner. Sel- bach says, that both those saints were sons to Diman of Fiatac Finn's race, whence the aforesaid Carill descended, cap. 15.
9 If these authors only maintained that the present St. Fintan, who was Abbot
"Acta Sanctorum Hibemise," iii. Januarii. of Duinbleisch, had been son to Diman, Vita S. Fintani, cap. i. , p. II, and ibid.
and descended from the race of Ulster nn. 5, 7, p. 13.
" The acts of St. Fintan state that
kings, Colgan could easily be induced to suppose, that they had been led into error
with regard to his condition or dignity, and
that the son of Diman had been a different their from the Abbot of Duinbleisch.
But, adds, as they state, that he and his brother Finlog
were sons to Diman, he would not dare
to call in question their assertions, nor
those advanced by the author of our saint's
acts. These he supposed to be of con-
person
note,
puta
siderable Hence could antiquity. Colgan
not imdertake to decide the matter in con- troversy, until further light should have been
See " Acta Sanctorum Colgan's
thrown from some other upon it,
" to St. Fintan's Col- According acts,
quarter.
'° In the book, "On the Mothers of the
gan suggests, however, that Cabthadh-magh should most probably be read.
Irish Saints," chap, i, and num. 21, we
find these remarks regarding the mother of
this saint, and of his two brothers : Aialenna,
daughter of Lenine, was the mother of Saints
Fintan, Columbus, also called Colmanus enumerates the following, viz. , i. Eogha- Midhisil, and of Lughaidh, or Lugadius. nacht Chaisol. 2. Eoghanacht Locha-Lein, Here Lughaidh is understood for Finlug-
haidh, or Finloga, as said in a former note. The father to St. Fintan's mother, who in the acts is called Artghail, is here named Lenine. But either of these names must havebeenasurnameorcognomen.
of has an Donegal,"
See Dr. Todd's and Dr. Reeves' edition, pp. 4, 5.
? The approach to it is through picturesque scenery, and the interior sanctuary is neatly decorated.
^ He is represented with a priest's habit, having on a surplice and stole.
^ i John, ii. , v. 5.
'° See Tomus *' Controvers. De Mon- ii. ,
:
38 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 2.
manner as that nothing should be equally or more greatly loved than God, and that nothing should be entertained contrary to divine love. This latter
gradeofperfectionisrequiredfromallmen; butgreatsaintsaspiretoastill more sublime degree of merit and of holiness.
Article III. —St. Mainchinn, or Manchan, Sage, of Disert-mic-
CuiLiNN, OR Disert Gallen, Queen's County. We must not disparage oral tradition when it comes to us in support of written history. For such a tradition there must be some assignable reason and connexion, although it be difficult to determine actual deficiency or excess. And never lingered popular lore in a more delightful spot than where it preserves the traces of this holy man's religious establishment. On this day, the Martyrology of Donegal^ mentions Mainchinn, Sage, of Disert-mic-cuilinn,^ now Disert Gallen, in Laeighis, of Leinster. 3 Manchen the Wise, is his designation, according to the Martyrology of Tallagh,^ at the 2nd of January. s
From the Irish Calendars^ we are able to collect no less than twelve
various entries of festivals set apart to honour saints called Mainchein
or Manchen. 7 To disintegrate the epithets, genealogies, and places, or to ascertain their diversity or individuality, seems a matter of extreme difficulty. It has been observed,^ that the different names of places, wdth which they were connected, will not ser\x sufficiently to mark a distinction, in some cases. It is remarkable, furthermore, that St. Mainchine of Disert- Chuilinn, and St, Mainchine of Mena-Droichit, are both distinguished by the epithet of the Wise, while both of their places were in ancient Leix.
In the Feilire of St. ^ngus, at the 2nd day of this month, we have the line,
"ITlAinc'liirieAri ei^je. "
" Manchine in Eirge. "
This may serve to distinguish the present St. Manchen from other saints
bearing the name. Now there is a parish, partly in the barony of Upper Ossory, Queen's County, but chiefly in that of Galmoy, county Kilkenny, which bears the name of Eirke. 9 With this, it seems most likely, the saint had some ministerial connexion. In this parish the ruins of more than one old church are yet traceable. We are told that a commemoration
Art. III. —' Edited by Drs. Todd and Sanctorum Hibemiae," xiv. Februarii. Reeves, pp. 4, 5. Vita S. Mancheni, n. 6, p. 333.
°
This place has been called Disert Chuil- ? These are : i. St. Mainchine of Disert, linn, by Colgan, in his Life of St. Manchin at 2nd of January. 2. St. Mainchine, son of Mohill. See "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- of Collan, at the 13th of January. 3. St. niae," p. 333. Mainchine of Leth, at the 24th of January.
3 See likewise the table appended to 4. St. Mainchine of Mohill, at the 14th of the "Martyrology of Donegal," pp. 440, February. 5. St. Mainchein, at the 23rd
441.
Edited by the Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xi. ,
and in the Franciscan copy we read " niAn- cheni SApiencif," scil "Festum. "
5 It is remarkable, that the feast of St.
Munchin, or Mainchin, patron of Limerick, falls on the same day with that of St. Main-
of March. 6. St. Mainchine, son of Failbhe, at the 24th of March. 7. St. Mainchein, at the 1st of May. 8. St. Mainchein Leper, at the 2ist of October. 9. St. Mainchine, Abbot of Lismore, at the 1 2th November. 10. St. Mainchine, cook to Mochta, at the 2nd of December. 11. St. Mainchine, at 4th of December. 12. St. Mainchine, at
chinn, patron of Dysart Gallen, and yet
from what has been already said, they must the 29th of December. The reader is re-
probably be distinct persons belonging to different epochs.
^
The Feilire of St. ^ngus, the Calen- dars of Cashel, Marianus O'Gorman, Cathal Maguire, and Donegal. See Colgan's "Acta
ferred to the several days here mentioned for separate notices.
8 gy Colgan.
9 See Lewis' "Topographical Dictionary of Ireland," vol. i, pp. 596, 597.
January 2. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 39
of the Menadrochit Manchenus' death is pointed out under the name of Manicheus, the Wise Irishman, which occurs in the books, " De MirabiHbus
Scripturae. "
^° but
These have been erroneously attributed to the great St. Augus-
tine,
they
are now known to have been an Irishman penned by
bearing his name. The times, it is said, agree very exactly, and the name
is not unlike. " Father Fitzsimon^^ has fallen into an error, in making St.
Mainchin the author of that treatise^3 intituled " De Mirabilibus Sacrse
Scripturae," comprised in three books. ^'^ This is now well known to have
been the production of an Irishman named Augustine, who wrote it about
theyear655. ^5 Inthistract,allusionismadetotheepochofaSt. Manchen's
appears
have been applied to Mainchen,'? Abbot of Mena, or Meana Drochit, near
demise. ^'^ The saint
to have lived within the
present
parochial limits of Dysart-gallen, near Ballynakill, in the barony of Cullinagh, Queen's County. Yet the epithet of Manchen the Wise seems also to
Burris-in-Ossory,
in the western
part
of the same
county.
^^ This latter man holy
died, A. D. 648, according to the Annals of the Four Masters,^9 or in the
year 651, according to those of Ulster. ^° This last named saint appears
to have been identical with the saint of Dysart Gallen, since both their
places were formerly situated within the ancient territory of Leix. ^' However,
we may observe that Mena Drochit was afterwards detached from it, and
is now found within the present bounds of Ossory. But it is not more
than fifteen miles removed from Dysart Gallen, which from time immemorial
was situate in the of Leix ^^
deanery proper.
In a lovely and sheltered valley, through which a rushing and rapid
mountain stream rolls, beside this river, the triangularly-shaped graveyard of Dysart Gallen rises on a knoll. The situation is a lonely one, but the
surrounding scenery for romantic beauty cannot be surpassed. The richest verdure covered the hill slopes, traversed in all directions by high haw- thorn hedges, which were covered with a profusion of snow-white blossoms, shedding exquisite odours around, at that season of the year when it was
A few late showers had intensified the delicious fragrance. A day of unclouded sunshine lent an air of cheerfulness to the whole prospect, contrasting with shadows cast by tree and bush over the green pasture lands. Ash and other tall trees grew around the old graveyard, and sheltered the church ruins, which rose in its
our good fortune to have first visited this spot.
"See "Opera S. Augustini," tomus iii. , lib. ii. , cap. 4.
" Sir James Ware, " De Scriptoribus Hibemise," lib. i. , cap. iii. , p. 26.
lOth, 1861.
'? This appears to have been the Mani-
chgeus, whose death is alluded to in the
" See his "
Sane-
bilia Sacras See "Harris' Scripturse. "
Ware," vol. iii. booki. , chap, iv. , p. 35.
'3 Only the foundations of Mun-dre-hid
church, as locally pronounced, now remain, with a cemetery, beautifully located, sur- rounding them. The place is incorrectly named on the Ordnance Survey maps,
'^ See O'Donovan's edition, vol. i. , pp. 262, 263.
==°
Catalogus Prsecipuorum torum Hibemiae," printed at Antwerp, in
1621.
*3 See Colgan, n. 67, p. loi.
'+ This tract had been printed in the early
editions of the great St. Augustin's works,
although classed among the spuria, on ac- coimt of the intrinsic evidences of its not having been written by the celebrated Bishop of Hippo.
's The author says his tract was vmtten the third year of the twelfth great cycle. Cave says he wrote it A. D. 657. The Bene- dictine editors of St. Augustine's works state that he wrote after 660.
'* See the learned and lucid dissertation on this subject of Augustine and his work, by the Rev. Dr. Reeves, in a paper read before the Royal Irish Academy, June
See ibid. n. (h), p. 263. =' "
treatise of Augustin, an Irishman,
"
Mira-
See Acta Sanctorum Hibemise," xiv.
Februarii. Vita S. Mancheni, n. 6, p.
333. ^^
See "Liber Regahs Visitationis," 5th and 6th of July returns, A. D. 161 5. Then
it had been a rectory impropriate, with a benefice {and residence for a vicar, p. 52.
Copy belonging to the Royal Irish Aca- demy.
existing
40 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 2.
midst. So protected from nipping winds were the primroses, that they were yet in full bloom, and in numerous tufts under the hedge-rows and along the thorn-covered hill-sides, even at so advanced a period in summer. =^3
The old ecclesiastical building here had been divided into nave and
choir, an arrangement, in our opinion, peculiar to nearly all our Irish churches, built since the Anglo-Norman invasion. We do not mean to assert, however, that it did not form an earlier type of our church archi- tecture. The choir is utterly ruined,^* only the foundations being dis- cernible. These are about 20 feet in length by 14 in width. The nave walls are in much better preservation. These measure 40 feet in length by 20 feet in breadth. The walls are over 3 feet in thickness.
A great part of the side walls is removed, but in two of them doorways may yet
Old Church at
Dysart Gallen, Queen's County.
be traced
The western gable is still very perfect, but It is termmated by a tottering belfry. A large window likewise pierced it. A gable-wall surmounted the beautifully jointed stone arch near
Two windows are also visible.
tne choir
Iti&j are built of grit and limestone materials. 's
The walls of this church seem to have been well cemented.
The writer is indebted for the following additional information regarding '
tnis locality. When passing by that sequestered and romantic spot, where
3 In A. D. 1870, the 1st day of June.
^ Such was the case, so far back as 1615,
Whenother
in repair and used for
nished from Carlow, on 5th & 6th July, 1615.
'^ The of the accompanying engraving
church and William adjoining scenery, by
Oldham, has been executed from a drawing, Regalis Visitationis," drawn sketched by the author, on the spot in
portions of the church had been
Protestant purposes.
See the "
up in the reign of James I. Return fur- March, 1873.
Liber
January 2. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 41
stood the remains of Dysart Gallen, you must have noticed the base ^^ on which stood a huge stone cross. Between it and the monastery below flows a stream, that in winter and freshet times assumes vast proportions. ^7
*
The district around is called Augh-na-cross, the field of the cross/ or
'
Ath-na-cross, the ford of the cross. ' This monastery was remarkable for
its hospitality. It was like an eastern caravansary, in which the soiled and foot-sore wayfarer, as well as the religious brethren, found a home and a
So at least runs the tradition. " ^^
Two remarkable looking antique roads crossed near the old church, and
at the ford or wooden temporary foot-bridge, thrown across the mountain
stream. Evidently these were very ancient thoroughfares. They wound steeply up the sides of this romantic glen, and led in different directions.
Article IV. —St. Lochaid or Lochait, Abbot of Magh Bile or
MoviLLE, County of Down. The religious community presided over bythissaintwassituatedneartheheadofStrangfordLough. Itlayabout
hospital.
an English mile to the north-east of Newtown Ards. ^
place in the local and abbatial succession.
Article V. —The Daughters of Baith or Bath, in the Plain of
the River Liffey. The collective sanctity of old Irish families is here
sufficiently displayed. We read about Ingena Baithi, or the daughters of Baith, in Maigh Liphe, or the Plain of the River Liffey, as having had a
festival at the 2nd of January, according to the "Martyrology of Tallagh. "^ It seems the site of their old church must be sought for not far from
the banks of the Liffey, and probably somewhere within the present county of Kildare,^ which forms the level plain of that river. 3
Article VI. —St. Ainbhithen, Virgin. The feast of Ainbhithen, a
"* This is now built into a wall, on the Maghbile. See " Acta Sanctorum Hiber- high road from Timahoe to Ballynakill, niae," xviii. Martii, Vita S. Fridiani,
" of that the feast of Martyrology Donegal,"^
Abbot of
had been celebrated on this day. 3 A similar entry is met with in the "Martyro- logy of Tallagh,"4 at the 2nd of January. Although our annals have deaths of various bishops and abbots of Maghbile, yet this holy man's name does not appear among them. It is difficult, in consequence, to assign his exact
"
We have not been able to find any further account regarding her.
Virgin, is mentioned in the
Martyrology of Donegal,"' as occurring this day.
having been removed from its former site.
^7 See sheet 30 of the Ordnance Survey
Appendix, cap. viii. , p. 650.
* Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xi. In
Townland Maps of the Queen's County. ExtractfromaletterheadedBallynakill,
Queen's County, 2nd November, 1870. It was written by the Rev. James Delany, P. P. , who has charge of Dysart Gallen parish. —'
Appendix, p. 376.
"
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 4, 5.
3 This is evidently the St. Locatius, Abbot Maghbile, placed by Colgan, through mistake, the 2nd of March, instead of the
2nd of January, in emunerating the saints of
the Franciscan copy, we find "LochAic . Abb *^ "
Art. IV.
tTlAigebib—e atthisdate.
"
Art, v. Edited by the Rev. Dr. Kelly,
p. xi. In the Franciscan copy we read,
"IngeriAbAcli in tTlAg Lipi. "
^ From a careful examination of the
Ordnance Survey Townland Maps, adjoin- ing the banks of the Liffey, I have not been
able to discover a probalsle identification, although many old church sites are indi- cated.
3 See the " Poems of Topographical
O'Dubhegan and O'Huidhrin," edited by
'
See Rev. William Reeves' Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Con- nor, and Dromore," p. 151, and Calendar in
'*
of
Dr. — n. O'Donovan, 440, p.
Lochait,
Magh-bile,
We learn from the
liv.
Art. vi. Edited by Drs, Todd and
Reeves. See pp. 4, 5«
42 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 3.
Clbirii IBap of Sanuarp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. FINTAN, PATRON OF DUNBLEISQUE, NOW THE PARISH OF DOONE, COUNTY OF LIMERICK.
[SIXTH CENTURY. ^
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—THE ANCIENT BIOGRAPHY OF ST. FINTAN—HIS PARENTAGE AND RACE —OPPOSITION OFFERED TO HIS PREACHING BY A CERTAIN DYNAST—CONVERSION OF ST. FINTAN's PERSECUTORS.
solely Unsightly
thrive apace at the same time, and require the horticulturist's skill to sepa- rate them from the soil. So it happens in writing our saints' acts, for it becomes equally necessary to exclude unmeaning and absurd legends from these pages, when they could only tend to disturb sound judgment, or to offend correct taste. However, the weed has a utility and an interest, apart from its noxious properties, for the naturalist, and the legend even serves the antiquary's process of deduction. Not forgetting the proper application of this knowledge, it may be observed, that in the old published acts of this saint, while it must be desirable to lop off many excrescences, the hagiologist or the religious reader will have no great reason to regret such removal from his field of vision.
has been published by Colgan. ^ Its defects are very apparent, and the manuscript from which it was printed had been in part defaced by ink.
This life was taken from a Salamancan MS. ^ It contains, without doubt, some gross fables and many errors. 3 From this record, however, we shall be obliged to extract whatever unobjectionable particulars it embraces, with
some additional information, suppHed from Colgan's notes. ^
Fintan was brother to St. Finlug, and son to Pipan,s son of Tule,^ who lived at a place called Cliach,7 according to the life of this saint. But
Art. I. —Chap. i. —'See "Acta Sane- the ist and 7th of January, the 21st of torum Hibemise," iii. Januarii. Vita S. Februaiy, the 27th of March, the nth of
THE
fairest parterre cannot be presented to the eye and be always covered with beautiflil shrubs and flowers. weeds
A very ancient biography—or rather a compendious life—of this saint
Fintani, pp. II to 14.
'
See ibid. , n. I, p. 12.
3 Among these the most incredible longe-
vity has been assigned to St. Fintan.
* The present St. Fintan was a different
May, the 9th of October, and the 14th of December. See Colgan's "Acta Sancto-
rum Hibemise," iii. Januarii, n. 2, p. 12.
s As this saint, in his acts, is called Fin- tan, son to Pipan, so likewise Marianus O'Gorman, at the 25th of November, and
person from St. Fintan, Abbot of Clonenagh,
whose acts are recorded at the 17th of Feb-
ruary ; also from St. Fintan, surnamed Pipan. Yet the latter is said to have been of
Munna, whose feast occurs at the 2ist of
October ; likewise from St. Fintan, Prince
of Leinster, whose acts are given at the 15th
of November; as from many other saints
Selbach, cap. i. , called him St. Finnan, son to different race, viz. , that of Conall Gulban.
bearing this same name, and who are men- Januarii, n. 6, p. 13. Colgan supposes
"
and in the Commentaries on St. . (Engus, at cliach, in the county of Limerick.
tioned in the
Martyrology of Tallagh," Cliach to have been identical with Ara-
*
Such is the account given in the acts
of our saint, as published by Colgan.
7 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibemiae," iii.
January 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 43
according to a commentator on ^ngus, his father was named Diman,^ who descended from Mured Manderig, King of Ulster. 9 The mother of our
saint was named Alinna/° said to have been daughter to Artgail, or Lenine, and she was of noble birth," belonging to a family that lived in the county
of Limerick, as Colgan supposes. The early career of this saint seems to have been involved in some obscurity, not dissipated by his old biographer. Hence, we are abruptly brought to narrate the following rather unconnected events.
In the time of St. Fintan, a certain incredulous and irreligious king lived in a district then known as Calathmagh," but it was called Eoghanacht,''3 at a period when the writer of his life flourished. Formerly there were several Eoghanachts in different parts of Ireland, especially in the southern
^ The commentator on ^ngus has a state-
ment concerning St. Fintan's parentage and race. At the 3rd of January, he writes, re-
tenuated," or "lean," by Marianus O'Gor-
man, and others. Thus, at the 3rd of Feb-
ruary, the day of her Natalis, she is called
Coel "Finnia the or Fhinnia, i. e. , Lean,"
perhaps she was the saint called Moinnia,
at the 2 1 St of May, ^by these same authors.
Mo, which signifies my, was prefixed to ex-
press veneration towards saints, -according to a custom common among our ancestors.
Afterwards, through repetition, this particle became incorporated with the original name. However, this virgin was different from Fin-
nia, daughter to Ere, mentioned by Selbach, cap. 18, for one had Ere as her father, and
the other Artgal, or Lenine, See Colgan's
Fintan and his brother that Fining,
garding
these were the two sons of Diman, son to
Fingen, son of Deman, son to Carill, son of Mured Manderig. St. Laserian, or St. Molassius of Leighlin, is said to have been son to the aforesaid Carill. The author of "
Menologie Genealogy," gives the descent of those saints in the same manner. Sel- bach says, that both those saints were sons to Diman of Fiatac Finn's race, whence the aforesaid Carill descended, cap. 15.
9 If these authors only maintained that the present St. Fintan, who was Abbot
"Acta Sanctorum Hibemise," iii. Januarii. of Duinbleisch, had been son to Diman, Vita S. Fintani, cap. i. , p. II, and ibid.
and descended from the race of Ulster nn. 5, 7, p. 13.
" The acts of St. Fintan state that
kings, Colgan could easily be induced to suppose, that they had been led into error
with regard to his condition or dignity, and
that the son of Diman had been a different their from the Abbot of Duinbleisch.
But, adds, as they state, that he and his brother Finlog
were sons to Diman, he would not dare
to call in question their assertions, nor
those advanced by the author of our saint's
acts. These he supposed to be of con-
person
note,
puta
siderable Hence could antiquity. Colgan
not imdertake to decide the matter in con- troversy, until further light should have been
See " Acta Sanctorum Colgan's
thrown from some other upon it,
" to St. Fintan's Col- According acts,
quarter.
'° In the book, "On the Mothers of the
gan suggests, however, that Cabthadh-magh should most probably be read.
Irish Saints," chap, i, and num. 21, we
find these remarks regarding the mother of
this saint, and of his two brothers : Aialenna,
daughter of Lenine, was the mother of Saints
Fintan, Columbus, also called Colmanus enumerates the following, viz. , i. Eogha- Midhisil, and of Lughaidh, or Lugadius. nacht Chaisol. 2. Eoghanacht Locha-Lein, Here Lughaidh is understood for Finlug-
haidh, or Finloga, as said in a former note. The father to St. Fintan's mother, who in the acts is called Artghail, is here named Lenine. But either of these names must havebeenasurnameorcognomen.
