No More Learning

Smallwood Metcalfe Choir, 8. 10, Queen's Hall.
SAT.
Lamond's Pianoforte Recital, 3, Bechstein Hall.
Mozart Snciety, 3, Portman kooms,
Queen's Hall Orchestra, 3, Queen's Hall.


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292
No. 4402, MARCH 9, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
Pornick, is the one figure of the book
faithfully transferred to the boards. The
FROM
shop scene is admirable in detail and Chas. H. Kelly's New List.
SPRING PUBLICATIONS.
The Hunting Year.
stage-management, and in this Mr. O. B.
Clarence offers us
his best piece of
VOLUME III. NOW READY.
By W. SCARTH DIXON. Imperial 16mo.
acting
Illustrated, 6s. net.
The Journal of the Rev.
Sketches of many seasons in many countries,
John Wesley, A. M.
showing how a hunting man may find something
MR. GEORGE GROSSMITH.
in connexion with his favourite sport to interest
Standard Edition in Six Volumes. Edited by NEHE-
MR. GEORGE GROSSMITH, who died on MIAH CURNOCK, Assisted by Experts.
him in every month of the year.
Quarter
Friday week last at Folkestone, had retired
, gilt 38. ; -,
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from active work, and had not been seen
The personal interest of this third volume touches high-
of late years by the public, but a host of water mark in the marriage of Charles Wesley; in a study
By H. M. WALBROOK. With Portraits.
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playgoers will regret the loss of a popular of his relation to Grace Murray, Mrs. Vazielle, and his
figure and an excellent actor. Born in aided by original documents, of the affair between John
“No one with a real interest in the drama of
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with a piano in 1870. His introduction
The Open Secret of Ireland.
to the drama in The Sorcerer' at the The Old Testament : its
By T. M. KETTLE. With an Introduction
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of the pleasantest memories of the period. possible, the reasons which have led nearly all modern case for Irish Political Nationalism, which will
His Koko in The Mikado' and Jack Point scholars, with remarkable unanimity, to a change of
in "The Yeomen of the Guard’ were,
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opinion about its authorship and date. "_PREFACE.
question has hitherto only bored. ”—Daily News.
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No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
301
CONTENTS.
PAGK
301
302
303
THE HILL OF VISION . .
303-304
304-305
305-306
306
306-307
307-308
309
309
NEXT MONTH'S MAGAZINES
LITERARY GOSSIP
312
313
WEEK; THE NORSEMEN AT THE SOUTH POLE;
GOSSIP
. .
GOSSIP
MUSIC
.
WEÉK . .
317-319
MIT SEINEN
PERFORMANCES NEXT
319-320
320
320
SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1912.
American translation has a prefatory note “must keep itself independent of politics
by Prof. Michael Sadler, of which the of all kinds and from participation in political
opening sentence runs thus : This book | agitation, whether this is favourable or
CHANGING VIEWS IN EDUCATION (Education for
will be a landmark in the history of educa- inimical to our views of a State's functions ";
Citizenship; All the Children of All the People ; tion. ” It requires, therefore, a
a little
The Century and the School; A Good Citizen
but there are pages in which so strong a
Catechism for All Children)
courage to confess that Dr. Kerschen-
CHRISTIANITY IN EARLY BRITAIN ::
steiner's prize essay is somewhat dis: political bias on the Doctor's part peeps
out as to arouse some doubts of his own
FICTION (The Matador of the Five Towns; Charity; appointing, while the English version of it
Commoners' Rights; In Accordance with the Evi.
power to maintain so impartial a position.
is more so. Mr. Pressland, the translator, He writes, for instance, of the attitude of
dence; Up to Perrin's; The Shadow of Neeme)
tells us that
TRAVEL (Burgundy; Costumes, Traditions, and Songs
the Social Democrats of Germany as
of Savoy; In the Carpathians; Gun-Running and
the Indian North-West Frontier)
two courses are always open to a trans. distinguished by its want of national
ANTHOLOGIES (In Praise of Oxford ; Das Oxforder lator-he may either endeavour to reproduce and religious feeling and by its class
Buch Deutscher Dichtung; An Anthology of a masterpiece of literature in a version of hatred," while he speaks with the warmest
Imaginative Prose). .
PUBLIC SCHOOLS (Floreat Etona ; Harrow School equal literary merit, or he may attempt to admiration of the upper classes of his
Register)
RECORDS AND CLOSE ROLLS (Close Rolls of Henry
convey, the meaning of an author in the
author's own way. ”
country, and with a whole-hearted ap-
III. ; Cardiff Records)
OUR LIBRARY TABLE (Mary Wollstonecraft; Things
proval of military service. In England
that Matter; The Bengali Language and Litera-
Unfortunately, the second method, which these opinions would make it difficult to
ture ; Social Evolution and Political Theory; The he has adopted, is apt to be disastrous gain that co-operation of industrial organi-
National Insurance Act; Franciscan Essays;
Erskine May's Constitutional History)
when applied to translations from German zations which he desires, and which is,
FREEMASONRY
LIST OF NEW BOOKS ::
into English. The framework of German indeed, necessary for real success.
FORTHCOMING BOOKS
312 composition has a cumbrousness some-
what mitigated in the original by frequent
Mr. Smith has achieved that rare thing,
SCIENCE-CAPT. CARTWRIGHT AND HIS LABRADOR
inflection, but when reproduced in our
a book really alive, the fruit, not of reading
JOURNAL; THE BIRDS OF COLORADO; PHYSICO-
CHEMICAL TABLES; SOCIETIES; MEETINGS NEXT uninflected tongue it is intolerable. Only or lessons learnt, but of direct observation
314-316 by an entire recasting of the mould can and individual thought. In his work as
FINE ARTS—THEMIS; BEAUTIFUL ENGLAND; AUMONIER German be made into acceptable English ; a teacher in the public schools of America
MEMORIAL EXHIBITION; THE ATKINSON SALE;
and Mr. Pressland, having failed to recast, —which, of course, are something alto-
WAGNER'S BRIEFWECHSEL
makes his author appear to write a clumsy gether different from what we, in our
VERLEGERN; GOSSIP;
and muffled tongue-in fact, the transla- inexact English terminology, call“ public
DRAMA-GOSSIP
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
tion is but half made.
schools”
- he has been struck, first,
Shortly put, Dr. Kerschensteiner's desire by the fact that children are born with
is that education shall be prolonged ineradicable differences of specialized
LITERATURE
beyond the years of elementary schooling, capacity, dull in one point and able in
and that its continuation shall delibe another; and, secondly, by the fact that
rately aim at training the youth of the the American schools, to which he con-
civilized world for the duties of citizen- fines his attention, are framed to suit
CHANGING VIEWS IN EDUCATION. ship. Various agencies are to one particular sort of child and produce
THE contemporary educational world has employed, among the foremost of which one particular sort of adult. The result
escaped-or, perhaps it would be more
must stand technical or trade schools is that children of any other sort do not
of
exact to say, is rapidly escaping—from
enlightened kind,
kind, in which get really taught at all, and that conse-
that most dangerous of all conditions, plentiful opportunities are to be afforded quently the United States fail in their
self-satisfaction. Experiments are being
for a share in the management of the acknowledged duty of teaching “ all the
continually suggested, and not infre institution and the associations connected children of all the people. "
quently carried out. In fact, education, to be given on the methods and details variations of special ability are really
with it, while direct instruction is also It is the opinion of Mr. Smith that these
and particularly elementary education,
is in a state of transition, as systems
of the country's government. Into the physical, as, indeed, we know idiocy to be,
founded and conducted by human beings circle of such a school's life other social and that the mind behind the body is
merely impeded and obstructed by ma-
must be to remain healthy. Here, for activities are to be drawn :-
instance, are two books, in each of which
terial obstacles, some of which science
“ The senior division will then be the
the transitional tendency is marked, and meeting place for people's improvement will presently, learn to remove or to cir-
in both of which British teachers may societies, university extensión societies, and cumvent, as it has already circumvented
find valuable matter for thought; and
health lectures, where, in connection with certain defects of sight by spectacles.
another, from which they may discern
the whole scheme of instruction, libraries, That his theory is in many cases sound
how far some writers on education are
reading rooms, and collections of artistic has been proved; but the arguments
or technical importance may be exhibited. "
from recognizing the changes around
to which he proceeds are no less sound if
them, or welcoming the new spirit to Although the words “boy” and “work-based merely upon the fact familiar in
which teachers are responding.
appear everywhere in the descrip- practice to every teacher in every country
tive chapters, Dr. Kerschensteiner desires-that children do present the differences
The name of Dr. Kerschensteiner of to extend the training for citizenship to of faculty which he describes.
Munich carries so much weight in educa-girls, whose further education “must," Individual experience, indeed, tells each
tiopal circles as to demand serious atten-
he says, “ be taken in hand as strenuously of us that we are, as Mr. Smith expresses
tion for any volume that bears it. as the education of boys. "
it, “ long” in one direction, and “ short
Moreover, the English edition of this The sort of training recommended is in some other direction, and that not the
being actually carried out under best teaching in the world, although sup-
Education for Citizenship, By Dr. Georg the author's direction in Munich ; and plemented by our own strenuous efforts,
Kerschensteiner. Translated by A. J.
Pressland. (Commercial Club of Chicago ; cellent trade schools of London. These,
something very like it exists in the ex- could ever have enabled us to excel in
London, Harrap. )
our “short" departments. Perhaps few
All the Children of All the People. By however, touch but a small portion of fail to know in their secret souls
William Hawley Smith. (New York, London's adolescent citizens ;
London's adolescent citizens ; to fulfil that most of their personal unhappiness
the Macmillan Company. )
Dr. Kerschensteiner's ideal, every child has been caused by endeavours — their
The Century and the School, and Other should receive the education reserved at
Educational Essays.
own or other people's - to push them
By Frank Louis
Soldan. (Same publishers. )
present for the happy few. One danger, in directions from which nature bars them.
A Good Citizen Catechism for All Children.
however, lurks behind any universal What family tragedies have we not all
By “Silver Cockle. " (Clowes & Sons. )
training for citizenship—that of party beheld, of which the root was the desire of
The Ethics of School Life. By J. Howard propaganda. Our author, indeed, ex- a parent to mould a child, or of a husband
Moore. (Bell & Sons. )
pressly declares that civic instruction or wife to mould a partner!
an
man
>>


## p. 302 (#232) ############################################

302
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
>
each -
Education, as Mr. Smith perceives, and office,” she is further told, “is not that even then—would all of them be found
as leaders of education in this country are of the critic, but of the helper. ” Surely widely different from those of the extreme
happily beginning to perceive, has, for the higher duty of teachers, and the one Protestants of the present day.
generations past, been engaged in the of which they rather need to be reminded, His lectures very properly are not
same singularly injurious endeavour, and, is to preserve independence of mind, and confined to the limits of Britain, but
most unfortunately, has often succeeded not entirely to subordinate their teaching include all the movements of the Western
up to the limit of possibility ; the short and their pupils to the idea of the school Church in which any British bishops or
faculties have not been developed, but or the system.
monks were concerned. Thus the famous
the “ long” ones have often been effectu-
ally stunted.
'A Good Citizen Catechism for Au Synod of Arles was attended by three
Children’ was composed as a counterblast British bishops, who brought båck the
In the second half of his volume Mr. to a Socialist Catechism that had fallen decrees of that Council to their homes.
Smith traces the history of the American under the writer's notice; but it is so
Indeed, for centuries the Church of
schools, framed to impart “a classical
education
lacking in argument, so narrow in out- Southern Gaul stood in very close rela-
render it possible for
and
every child, rich or poor, to go to college. "
look, and so amusingly cocksure that it tions to that of Britain. Even in the case
Certain stages of certain studies occupy adversaries rather than its friends.
will be ammunition in the hands of its of Ireland, there seem to have been
He early groups of Christians before St.
grade”; and pupils who fail in has, doubtless, no intention of being blas- Patrick in the southern provinces; and
any subject remain in the grade, repeating phemous, and does not, probably, recognize the track of this early faith was probably
the whole of their work until the required the enormous presumption of supposing from Marseilles, across the south of France
standard is attained. If that attainment that he knows for certain why God to Bordeaux, or even to Northern Spain,
is continually missed, they drop out of created the human race, and that God from which early communication with
expelled. Such pupils do not get educated designed the precise form of government the south of Ireland seems to have existed
expelled. Such pupils do not get educated and dominion now prevailing in this long before the spread of Christianity.
country. The intellectual calibre of this But, if there was any close intercourse
years are made intolerable to them. They production may be fairly judged by the between Marseilles and Ireland, it would
are not necessarily stupid ; some are very following question and answer
give some colour to the frequent assertions
intelligent, but their intelligence, facing
of the Irish archæologists that Greek was
along a road not travelled by the school, for the defence of your country and Empire
“ To oppose compulsory military service
known and taught in their schools. Dr.
remains untrained and often useless. is therefore wrong in principle and dis- Williams evidently does not believe this,
In all such cases the children have been graceful ?
and goes so far as to cite Pelagius's
sacrificed to the school, a most disastrous “Yes. Every individual should regard knowledge of Greek as evidence that
perversion of a school's true purpose. it as the highest privilege and honour to he had not been educated in Ireland.
The necessary remedy consists, pri- undergo military training and service for In the absence of any clear proof we are
marily, in a changed educational spirit, Our author has evidently no perception conclusion that Pelagius was a Briton.
disposed to agree with him, as well as in the
a desire not to shape which is generally
impossible—but to develope the indi- of a difference between things desirable
He holds justly that, although early
viduality of every child ; and, secondarily,
to do and things desirable to be enforced.
Latin versions of the Bible were current
in so widening methods and curricula Nor does he, we venture to say, realize
compulsory
in England and Wales, the teaching was
as to open to every child subjects of that he has advocated a
"
teaching that the laws of his nature military training and service for girls
. probably in the vernacular, which never
To the advocates of military glory girls loan words from that language. In
fused itself with Latin, though using many
permit him to assimilate. To keep a
child grinding at things for which he are, of course, not individuals.
support of this opinion he might have
has no capacity, or for which his capacity The teaching of morals is required by cited the fact that in the earliest Irish
has not yet come into existence (and the law in the public schools of Illinois. Prof. Latin MSS. there Celtic glosses,
periods at which capacities appear vary Howard Moore has consequently given a showing that explanations were required
extremely in different individuals), is lesson at a technical High School of in the vernacular. The existence and
not only to waste his time and destroy Chicago on ‘The Ethics of School Life. popularity of earlier versions than St.
his happiness; it is also to waste and His twenty pages are full of practical Jerome's Vulgate are known from ample
impair that common stock of intelligence advice, delivered with homely and effective evidence. In Ireland, though the Book
which is the greatest of a nation's vigour.
of Durrow is copied from the Vulgate,
treasures.
there are variants from this version in the
The late Mr. Soldan's essays have been Christianity in Early Britain.
Book of Kells which seem to show that
By the
selected and published since his death by late Hugh Williams. (Oxford, Claren- the writers either had before them, or
“a group of his intimate associates,
don Press. )
remembered, the older versions.
who would have been better advised if It will be a surprise to many of our
Nothing distinguished these early Chris-
they had left the manuscripts, as appar- readers that the Davies Lecture Trust attached to subjects which we cannot
tians more than the vast importance they
ently the author did, in privacy. Evi- Fund should provide the assembly of regard as better than trivial. Thus the
dently the strong educational influence the Welsh Calvinistic Methodists with so
which Mr. Soldan
is said
to have exercised broad, learned, and
philosophical a course great quarrel
about the fixing of Easter
must have been due to powers other than of lectures as are contained in the volume Church was declared heretical, and worthy
those of a thinker or a writer.
We before us.
The author, who was Pro- of exclusion from the Communion of the
fail to find anything original in the fessor of Church History at the Theo- Saints, seems to us now incomprehensible.
essays, while the deficiencies of style and logical College of Bala, shows himself Even had it been a quarrel about a fixed
even grammar suggest that English was a master of his business. Above all,
not the writer's native tongue.