inventor of the art of
soldering
metals.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
The first two books, in Greek, with ordinate to the see of Arles, at that time occupied
the translation of Leunclavius, were printed by H. by a certain Patroclus, a priest of very doubtful
Stephanus, in his edition of Herodian (Paris
, 1581). reputation. The bishops of Narbonne and Vienne
The first complete edition of the Greek text of Zo- gave way to a certain extent, or at least did not pe-
sinus was that by F. Sylburg (Scriptores Hist. remptorily refuse obedience, but Proculus, warmly
Rom. Min. vol. iii. ). Later editions are those supported by his clergy and people, bade open de-
published at Oxford (1679), at Zeitz and Jena, fiance to his commands and excommunications.
edited by Cellarius, with annotations of his own Nothing discouraged by this repulsc, Zosimus,
and others (1679, 1713, 1729). The next edition within a very short period of his death, boldly ns-
is that by Reitemeier, who, though he consulted no scrted his absolute jurisdiction over the African
fresh manuscripts, made good use of the critical re- church by reinstating a certain Apiarius, a presbyter
marks of Heyne and other scholars (Leipzig, 1784). of Sicca, who had been regularly deposed for various
The last and best edition is by Bekker, Bonn, 1837. grave offences by his own diocesan, thus exciting a
There is a German translation by Seybold and ley- storm among the fiery Numidians, which must
ler, and also an English and a French translation. have produced a violent convulsion had the author
(Schöll, Gesch. d. Gricch. Lit. vol. iii. p. 232 ; of the decree lived to follow up this stretch of
Fabric. Bill. Gracc. vol. viii. p. 62. )
power by ulterior measures.
4. A native of Ascalon, or, according to cther Fourteen Epistolue et Decrcta of this pope ad-
accounts, of Gaza. He lived in the time of the dressed to various bishops and religious commu-
emperor Anastasius. According to Suidas (s. v. ) he nities, chiefly in regard to the events detailed
was the author of a négis entopen) Katà otoxelor above, have been preserved, together with a few
(of which Suidas himself made considerable use), short fragments of the Tractoria, and of some
and commentaries on Demosthenes and Lysias, other pieces, all of which will be found under their
some of which are still extant in MS. A life of best form in the Epistolac Pontificum Romanorum
Demosthenes by him is prefixed to most of the edi- edited by Coustant, fol. Paris, 1721, vol. i. pp. 934
tions of Demosthenes.
-1006, in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, fol.
5. A native of Thasos, the author of some epi- Venet. 1773, vol. ix. pp. 1-20, and also in the
grams still extant in the Anthology (vol iii. p. 157, Conciliorum amplissima Collectio of Mansi, fol. Flo-
&c. , ed. Jacobs).
rent. 1760, vol. iv. pp. 348–372.
6. An abbot, whose dadoglio uol were edited
(See the Prolegomnena of Mansi and Galland ;
by P. Possinus, in his Thesaurus Asceticus, p. 279. Schönemann, Bibliotheca Patrum Lat. vol. ii. $ 12;
The editor thinks that he flourished in Palestine Bähr, Geschichte der Röm. Litterat. Suppl. Band.
about A. D. 430.
2te Abtheil. § 141. )
[W. R. )
Several others of this name, not worth inserting ZOʻSIMUS, M. CANULEIUS, a gold and
here, are enumerated by Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. silver chaser, whose skill and probity are praised
vol. viii. p. 71, &c. ).
(C. P. M. ] in an extant inscription. (Gruter, p. dcxxxix ;
ZOʻSIMUS. The short pontificate of this Ro- Sillig. Catal. Artif. App. s. v. ) The name is also
man bishop, which lasted from the 18th of March, found on some ancient cameos ; and Raoul-Ro-
A. D. 417, until his death on the 26th of December chette, assuming the identity of the artist, takes
in the following year, was rendered more remark. this as a new proof that the art of engraving on
able by the rash activity with which he plunged metals and on precious stones was often practised
into delicate and irritating controversies than by by the same persons. (Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 158,
any display of sound judgment or high principle. 2d ed. )
[P. S. ]
His attention was first occupied by the represent- ZOSTEÒRIA (Zwotnpla), a surname of Athena
ations of Caelestius and Pelagius, who, having ap- among the Epicnemidian Locrians. (Steph. Byz.
pealed to his predecessor Innocentius against what s. v. Zwotúp; comp. Herod. viii. 107. ) The mas-
they termed the harsh and prejudiced sentence of culine form Zosterius occurs as a surname of Apollo
the Carthaginian synod, now earnestly demanded a in Attica, on the slip of land stretching into the
full investigation of the charges preferred against sea between Phaleron and Sunium. (Steph. Byz.
their orthodoxy. Zosimus not only pronounced I. c. )
[L. S. )
the complete acquittal of the accused, but inveighed ZOʻTICUS, AUREʻLIUS, surnamed The Cook,
in the strongest terms against the conduct of the from the profession of his father, was a native of
African clergy, and published a letter testifying Smyrna, remarkable for his personal attractions.
his entire satisfaction with the explanations of Pe Having been summoned to Rome by Elagabalus,
lagius. But scarcely had he given expression to who had conceived for him a violent affection, he
these feelings when a total change was wrought in entered the city escorted by a magnificent pro-
bir sentiments by the edict of Honorius, issued at cession, was received in the palace by the emperor
Ravenna on the last day of April, A. D. 418. Not with marks of the most exaggerated respect, and
satisfied with retracting the praise lavished on the was immediately appointed chamberlain.
two friends, he hastened to denounce them both as i speedily, however, fell into disgrace through the
incorrigible heretics, and despatched a circular epis- arts, it is said, of the rival favourite Hierocles, and
tle (Tractoria) to convey a formal announcement of was banished. (Dion Cass. lxxix. 16. ) (W. R. ]
this condemnation to all the ecclesiastical authorities ZYGIA and ZYGIUS (Zugía and Zuylos), are
in the Christian world.
surnames of Hera and Zeus, describing them as
His next encounter was with Proculus of Mar- presiding over marriage. (Hesych. s. v. ; comp.
seilles, whom, along with Hilarius of Narbonne, / Hera. )"
[L. S. ]
A
the
29) he gives his account of the caterina
Astantine, placing it after the murder of this was
D. 3:6), whereas Constantine had diedel
nself a Christian much earlier. (Szinte les
che de l'Académie des Inset, vel ilik a to
16 on the otber hand, the commia stary d ta
nversion of Constantine does not rest o
thority that is worth much ; and though it 1
retty clear that Zosimus bas committed an si
hronism, it is not so gross as has been meteen
upposed; and there is thus much to be said in
Icuse for Zosimus, that it was not till the bar
part of his life that Constantine received the site de
baptism ; and it appears from Soermen (1 9)
& story similar to that told by Zosis es va fer
some time previously, so that the latter is
any rate responsible for the origination of the se
le is not to be wondered at that one who belo
zhe old faith should attribute the doonful de
empire in great part to the religions innovation
attendant upon the spread of Christianit,
Latin translation of Leunclarias (Lörenklas)
494
The history of Zosimus was first parated in the
## p. 1336 (#1352) ##########################################
FROI
B. C.
176 Coroeb
foot
Oly
LIST OF TABLES.
the
piad
aers
772
fou
774 Pande
765
C
poe
761
753
Page
750 Milet
of
1337
a
748 Phei
0
an
1349
1395
1396
1400
w
:
lo
7451 The
ve
744
fil
743 The
Chronological Tables of Greek History, from the first Olympiad to the Fall of
Corinth, B. c. 146
Chronological Tables of Roman History, from the Foundation of the City, B. c. 753,
to the Fall of the Western Empire, A. D. 476 ·
List of the Genealogical Tables
Parallel Years
The Athenian Archons Eponymi, from B. C. 496, to B. c. 292
Lists of Kings :
1. Kings of Egypt
2. Kings of Media
3. Kings of Lydia
4. Kings of Persia
5. Kings of Sparta
6. Kings of Macedonia
7. Kings of Syria
8. Kings of Egypt
9. Kings of Pergamus
10. Kings of Bithynia
11. Kings of Pontus
12. Kings of Cappadocia
13. Kings of Parthia
14. Kings of Persia (Saspunidae)
15. Kings of Rome
16. Emperors of Rome
736
е
1401
1401
1401
1401
1402
1402
1403
1403
1403
1403
1403
1404
1404
1404
1404
1404
135 Na-
734 Syr
730 | Lec
728 Me
723 ED
721 | Sr
718 1
716G
712 A
710\CI
709 D
## p. 1337 (#1353) ##########################################
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF GREEK HISTORY,
FROM THE FIRST OLYMPIAD, B. C. 776, TO THE FALL OF CORINTH, B. C. 146
B. C.
770
BLES.
L'impiad to the Fall of
1,337
of the City, B. C 754
1449
1396
1400
1401
1401
100l
B. C.
776 Coroebus the Elean gains the victory in the 708 Tarentum founded by the Lacedaemonian
foot race at the Olympic games.
The
Parthenii, under Phalanthus.
Olympic games were instituted by Iphitus Thasos and Parium on the Propontis founded
the Elean about B. C. 884, but the Olym-
by the Parians.
piads were not employed as a chronological
Archilochus, of Paros, the Iambic poet,
aera till the victory of Coroebus.
accompanied the colony to Tbasos, being
Arctinus of Miletus, the Cyclic poet,
then in the flower of his age.
flourished.
693 Simonides of Amorgos, the lyric poet,
774 Pandosia and Metapontum, in Italy, founded.
flourished.
765 Cinaethon of Laccdacmon, the Cyclic
Glaucus of Chios, a statuary in metal,
poet, flourished.
flourished. He was distinguished as tho
761 Eumelus flourished.
inventor of the art of soldering metals.
753 Antimachus of Teos flourished.
690 Foundation of Gela in Sicily, and of Phaselis
750 Miletus at the height of its power. Many in Pamphylia.
of its colonies founded about this time or 687 The empire of the Medes is computed by
a little later.
Herodotus to commence from this date,
748 Pheidon, tyrant of Argog, celebrates the 8th the 23rd year of their independence. It
Olympic games.
He introduced copper lasted 128 years, and terminated in B. C.
and silver coinage, and a new scale of
559.
weights and measures, throughout the Pe-
Archilochus flourished. See B. c. 708.
loponnesus.
685 The beginning of the second Messenian war
745 The first annual Prytanis at Corinth, 90 683 First annual Archon at Atheng.
years before the reign of Cypselus.
Tyrtaeus, the Athenian poet, came to
744 Eumelus of Corinth, the Cyclic poet, Sparta after the first success of the Mes-
flourished.
senians, and by his martial songs roused
743 The beginning of the first war between the the fainting courage of the Lacedaemo-
Messenians and the Lacedaemonians.
nians.
736 Callinus of Ephesus, the earliest Greek 678 Ardys, king of Lydia, succeeded Gyges.
elegiac poet, flourished.
675 Foundation of Cyzicus by the Megarians.
735 Naxos, in Sicily, founded by the Chalcidians 674 Foundation of Chalcedon by the Megarians,
of Euboea.
672 The Pisatae, led by Pantaleon, revolt from
734 Syracuse founded by Archias of Corinth.
the Eleans, and espouse the cause of the
730 Leontium and Catana, in Sicily, founded.
Messenjans.
728 Megara Hyblaea, in Sicily, founded.
Alcman, a native of Sardis in Lydia, and
Philolaus of Corinth, the Theban law-
the chief lyric poet of Sparta, flourished.
giver, flourished.
670 Psammetichus, king of Egypt, begins to
723 End of the first Messenian war. The Mes-
reign.
senians were obliged to submit after the 669 The Argives defeat the Lacedaemonians at
capture of Ithome, and to pay a heavy
Hysiae.
tribute to the Lacedaemonians.
668 End of the second Messenian war according
721 Sybaris, in Italy, founded by the Achaeans.
to Pausanias.
718 War between the Lacedaemonians and Ar- 665 Thaletas of Crete, the lyric poet and
gives.
musician, flourished.
716 Gyges begins to reign in Lydia. This dy- 664 A sea-fight between the Corinthians and
nasty reigned, according to Herodotus, Corcyraeans, the most ancient sea-fight
160 years, and terminated B. C. 546 by
recorded.
the fall of Croesus.
662 Zaleucus the law-giver in Locri Epizephyrii
712 Astacus founded by the Megarians.
flourished.
Callinus of Ephesus flourished.
657 | Byzantium founded by the Megarians.
710 Croton or Crotona, in Italy, founded by the 656 Phraortes, king of Media, succeeds Deïoces.
Achaeans. Soon after the foundation of 655 | The Bacchiadae expelled from Corinth.
Croton the Ozolian Locrians founded the
Cypselus begins to reign. He reigned 30
Epizephyrian Locri in Italy.
years.
709 Deïoces begins to reign in Media. The 654 Foundation of Acanthus, Stagira, Abdera,
Medes revolted from the Assyrians after and Lampsacus.
the death of Sennacherib in B. C. 711. 651 Birth of Pittacus according to Suidas.
The Assyrians according to Herodotus had 648 Himera in Sicily founded
governed Upper Asia for 520 years. This 647 Peisander, the epic poet, of Cameirus in
account gives B. C. 710 + 520 = B. C. 1230
Rhodes, flourished.
for the commencement of the Assyrian 644 Pantaleon, king of Pisa, celebrates the
dominion. The Median kings reigned Olympic games.
150 years. See B. c. 687 and 559.
Terpander flourished.
1403
1463
1403
1463
1404
1464
1404
## p. 1338 (#1354) ##########################################
1338
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF
B. C.
B. C.
B. C.
and :
to th
H
histo
520 M
poet,
319 Plataea
Athe
B
B
518
514 Hippar
511
mod
P
510 Expuls
Ath
The te
then
T
504
с
fioni
503 I
and
fou
501 Naxo:
siai
Ari
Pei
del
tes
300 Arist
Sp
635 Sardis taken by the Cimmerians in the reign cus, Bias, Solon, Cleobulus, Myson, Chilon.
of Ardys.
The first four were universally acknow.
634 Phraortes, king of Media, slain by the As ledged. Periander, whom Plato excluded,
syrians, and succeeded by his son Cy-
was admitted by some.
axares. Irruption of the Scythians into
Sacadas of Argos gained the prize in
Asia, who interrupt Cyaxares in the siege music in the three first Pythia, B. C. 586,
of Nineveh.
582, 578.
631 Cyrene in Libya founded by Battus of 585 Death of Periander.
Thera.
582 Cleisthenes of Sicyon victor in the second
630 Mimnermus flourished.
Pythia
629 Foundation of Sinope by the Milesians. Sa- Agrigentum founded.
dyaties, king of Lydia, succeeds Ardys. 581 | The dynasty of the Cypselidae ended.
625 Periander succeeds Cypselus at Corinth. He 579 Pittacus resigns the government of Mytilene.
reigned 40 years.
575 Battus II. , king of Cyrene, succeeds Arce-
Arion flourished in the reign of Peri- silaus I. Naval empire of the Phocacans.
ander.
572 The war between Pisa and Elis ended by
621 Legislation of Dracon at Athens.
the subjection of the Pisaeans.
620 Attempt of Cylon to make himself master of
Aesopus flourished.
Athens. He had been victor in the 570 Accession of Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum.
Olympic games in B. c. 640. Assisted by
He reigned 16 years.
Theagenes, tyrant of Megara, whose 569 Amasis, king of Egypt, succeeds A pries.
daughter he had married, he seized the
Death of Pittacus 10 years after his ab-
citadel, but was there besieged by the
dication.
archon Megacles, the Alcmaeonid. Cylon | 566 The Panathenaea instituted at Athens.
and his adherents surrendered on a promise
Eugamon flourished.
that their lives should be spared, but they 564 Alalia in Corsica founded by the Phocaeans.
were put to death.
560 Peisistratus usurps the government of Athens.
617 Alyattes, king of Lydia, succeeds Sadyattes.
Thales is nearly eighty years of age.
616 Neco, king of Egypt, succeeds Psammetichus.
Ibycus of Rhegium, the lyric poet,
612 Peace between Alyattes, king of Lydia, and
flourished.
Miletus in the 12th year of the war. 559 Cyrus begins to reign in Persia. The Me-
611 Pittacus overthrows the tyranny of Melan- dian empire ended. See B. c. 687.
chrus at Mytilene.
Heracleia on the Euxine founded.
Sappho, Alcaeus, and Stesichorus flou-
Anacreon begins to be distinguished.
rished.
556 Simonides of Ceos, the lyric poet, born.
610 Birth of Anaximander.
553 Stesichorus died.
607 Scythians expelled from Asia by Cyaxares, 549 Death of Phalaris of Agrigentum.
king of Media, after holding the dominion 548 The temple at Delphi burnt
of it for 28 years.
Anaximenes fiourished.
606 Nineveh taken by Cyaxares.
546 Sardis taken by Cyrus and the Lydian mon-
Combat between Pittacus and Phrynon the archy overthrown.
commander of the Athenians.
Hipponax, the lambic poet, flourished.
Alcaeus fought in the wars between the
Pherecydes of Syros, the philosopher,
Mytilenaeans and Athenians, and incurred and Theognis of Megara, the poet, flou-
the disgrace of leaving his shield on the
rished.
field.
539 Ibycus of Rhegium, the lyric poet,
600 | Psammis, king of Egypt, succeeds Neco.
flourished.
Massilia in Gaul founded by the Phocaeans. 538 Babylon taken by Cyrus.
599 Camarina in Sicily founded 135 years after
Xenophanes of Colophon, the philo-
Syracuse.
sopher, flourished.
596 Epimenides, the Cretan, came to Athens. 535 Thespis the Athenian first exhibits tra-
595 Apries, king of Egypt, succeeds Psammis.
gedy.
Birth of Croesus, king of Lydia.
532 Polycrates becomes tyrant of Samos.
Commencement of the Cirrhaean or Sacred 531 The philosopher Pythagoras and the
War, which lasted 10 years.
poet Anacreon flourished.
All accounts
594 Legislation of Solon, who was Athenian ar- make them contemporary with Polycrates.
chon in this year.
529 Death of Cyrus and accession of Cambyses as
592 Anacharsis came to Athens.
king of Persia.
591 Cirrha taken by the Amphictyons.
527 Death of Peisistratus, 33 years after his first
Arcesilaus I. , king of Cyrene, succeeds Bat- usurpation.
tus I.
525 Cambyses conquers Aegypt in the fifth year
589 Commencement of the government of Pittacus
of his reign.
at Mytilene. He held the supreme power
War of the Lacedaemonians against Poly-
for 10 years under the title of Aesymnetes.
crates of Samos.
Alcaeus the poet in exile and opposed
Birth of Aeschylus.
to the government of Pittacus.
Anacreon and Simonides came to Athens
586 The conquest of the Cirrhaeans completed in the reign of Hipparchus.
and the Pythian games celebrated.
523 Choerilus of Athens first exhibits tragedy.
The seven wise men flourished. They 522 Polycrates of Samos put to death.
were, according to Plato, — Thales, Pitta- 521 Death of Cambyses, usurpation of the Magh
199 First
as
ge
498 Secc
TE
497 This
544
ե
496 FOL
495 Fi
494 Si
493 T
492
491
490
## p. 1339 (#1355) ##########################################
GREEK HISTORY.
1339
B. C.
B. C.
487
1.
های -
ܕ ܪܕ
And accession of Dareius, son of Hystaspes, guidance of Hippias. They are defeated
to the Persian throne.
at Marathon by the Athenians under the
Hecataeus and Dionysius of Miletus, the command of Miltiades.
historians, flourished.
Aeschylus fought at the battle of Mara-
520
Melanippides of Melos, the dithyrambic thon, aet. 35.
poet, flourished.
489 Miltiades attempts to conquer Naxus, but is
519 Plataeae places itself under the protection of repulsed. He is accused, and, unable to
Athens.
pay the fine, in which he was condemned,
Birth of Cratinus, the comic poet.
is thrown into prison, where he died.
518 Birth of Pindar.
Panyasis the poct, the uncle of llerodo.
514 Hipparchus, tyrant of Athens, slain by Har-
tus, flourished.
modius and Aristogeiton.
Chionides, the Athenian comic poct, first
511 Phrynichus, the tragic poct, flourished.
the translation of Leunclavius, were printed by H. by a certain Patroclus, a priest of very doubtful
Stephanus, in his edition of Herodian (Paris
, 1581). reputation. The bishops of Narbonne and Vienne
The first complete edition of the Greek text of Zo- gave way to a certain extent, or at least did not pe-
sinus was that by F. Sylburg (Scriptores Hist. remptorily refuse obedience, but Proculus, warmly
Rom. Min. vol. iii. ). Later editions are those supported by his clergy and people, bade open de-
published at Oxford (1679), at Zeitz and Jena, fiance to his commands and excommunications.
edited by Cellarius, with annotations of his own Nothing discouraged by this repulsc, Zosimus,
and others (1679, 1713, 1729). The next edition within a very short period of his death, boldly ns-
is that by Reitemeier, who, though he consulted no scrted his absolute jurisdiction over the African
fresh manuscripts, made good use of the critical re- church by reinstating a certain Apiarius, a presbyter
marks of Heyne and other scholars (Leipzig, 1784). of Sicca, who had been regularly deposed for various
The last and best edition is by Bekker, Bonn, 1837. grave offences by his own diocesan, thus exciting a
There is a German translation by Seybold and ley- storm among the fiery Numidians, which must
ler, and also an English and a French translation. have produced a violent convulsion had the author
(Schöll, Gesch. d. Gricch. Lit. vol. iii. p. 232 ; of the decree lived to follow up this stretch of
Fabric. Bill. Gracc. vol. viii. p. 62. )
power by ulterior measures.
4. A native of Ascalon, or, according to cther Fourteen Epistolue et Decrcta of this pope ad-
accounts, of Gaza. He lived in the time of the dressed to various bishops and religious commu-
emperor Anastasius. According to Suidas (s. v. ) he nities, chiefly in regard to the events detailed
was the author of a négis entopen) Katà otoxelor above, have been preserved, together with a few
(of which Suidas himself made considerable use), short fragments of the Tractoria, and of some
and commentaries on Demosthenes and Lysias, other pieces, all of which will be found under their
some of which are still extant in MS. A life of best form in the Epistolac Pontificum Romanorum
Demosthenes by him is prefixed to most of the edi- edited by Coustant, fol. Paris, 1721, vol. i. pp. 934
tions of Demosthenes.
-1006, in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, fol.
5. A native of Thasos, the author of some epi- Venet. 1773, vol. ix. pp. 1-20, and also in the
grams still extant in the Anthology (vol iii. p. 157, Conciliorum amplissima Collectio of Mansi, fol. Flo-
&c. , ed. Jacobs).
rent. 1760, vol. iv. pp. 348–372.
6. An abbot, whose dadoglio uol were edited
(See the Prolegomnena of Mansi and Galland ;
by P. Possinus, in his Thesaurus Asceticus, p. 279. Schönemann, Bibliotheca Patrum Lat. vol. ii. $ 12;
The editor thinks that he flourished in Palestine Bähr, Geschichte der Röm. Litterat. Suppl. Band.
about A. D. 430.
2te Abtheil. § 141. )
[W. R. )
Several others of this name, not worth inserting ZOʻSIMUS, M. CANULEIUS, a gold and
here, are enumerated by Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. silver chaser, whose skill and probity are praised
vol. viii. p. 71, &c. ).
(C. P. M. ] in an extant inscription. (Gruter, p. dcxxxix ;
ZOʻSIMUS. The short pontificate of this Ro- Sillig. Catal. Artif. App. s. v. ) The name is also
man bishop, which lasted from the 18th of March, found on some ancient cameos ; and Raoul-Ro-
A. D. 417, until his death on the 26th of December chette, assuming the identity of the artist, takes
in the following year, was rendered more remark. this as a new proof that the art of engraving on
able by the rash activity with which he plunged metals and on precious stones was often practised
into delicate and irritating controversies than by by the same persons. (Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 158,
any display of sound judgment or high principle. 2d ed. )
[P. S. ]
His attention was first occupied by the represent- ZOSTEÒRIA (Zwotnpla), a surname of Athena
ations of Caelestius and Pelagius, who, having ap- among the Epicnemidian Locrians. (Steph. Byz.
pealed to his predecessor Innocentius against what s. v. Zwotúp; comp. Herod. viii. 107. ) The mas-
they termed the harsh and prejudiced sentence of culine form Zosterius occurs as a surname of Apollo
the Carthaginian synod, now earnestly demanded a in Attica, on the slip of land stretching into the
full investigation of the charges preferred against sea between Phaleron and Sunium. (Steph. Byz.
their orthodoxy. Zosimus not only pronounced I. c. )
[L. S. )
the complete acquittal of the accused, but inveighed ZOʻTICUS, AUREʻLIUS, surnamed The Cook,
in the strongest terms against the conduct of the from the profession of his father, was a native of
African clergy, and published a letter testifying Smyrna, remarkable for his personal attractions.
his entire satisfaction with the explanations of Pe Having been summoned to Rome by Elagabalus,
lagius. But scarcely had he given expression to who had conceived for him a violent affection, he
these feelings when a total change was wrought in entered the city escorted by a magnificent pro-
bir sentiments by the edict of Honorius, issued at cession, was received in the palace by the emperor
Ravenna on the last day of April, A. D. 418. Not with marks of the most exaggerated respect, and
satisfied with retracting the praise lavished on the was immediately appointed chamberlain.
two friends, he hastened to denounce them both as i speedily, however, fell into disgrace through the
incorrigible heretics, and despatched a circular epis- arts, it is said, of the rival favourite Hierocles, and
tle (Tractoria) to convey a formal announcement of was banished. (Dion Cass. lxxix. 16. ) (W. R. ]
this condemnation to all the ecclesiastical authorities ZYGIA and ZYGIUS (Zugía and Zuylos), are
in the Christian world.
surnames of Hera and Zeus, describing them as
His next encounter was with Proculus of Mar- presiding over marriage. (Hesych. s. v. ; comp.
seilles, whom, along with Hilarius of Narbonne, / Hera. )"
[L. S. ]
A
the
29) he gives his account of the caterina
Astantine, placing it after the murder of this was
D. 3:6), whereas Constantine had diedel
nself a Christian much earlier. (Szinte les
che de l'Académie des Inset, vel ilik a to
16 on the otber hand, the commia stary d ta
nversion of Constantine does not rest o
thority that is worth much ; and though it 1
retty clear that Zosimus bas committed an si
hronism, it is not so gross as has been meteen
upposed; and there is thus much to be said in
Icuse for Zosimus, that it was not till the bar
part of his life that Constantine received the site de
baptism ; and it appears from Soermen (1 9)
& story similar to that told by Zosis es va fer
some time previously, so that the latter is
any rate responsible for the origination of the se
le is not to be wondered at that one who belo
zhe old faith should attribute the doonful de
empire in great part to the religions innovation
attendant upon the spread of Christianit,
Latin translation of Leunclarias (Lörenklas)
494
The history of Zosimus was first parated in the
## p. 1336 (#1352) ##########################################
FROI
B. C.
176 Coroeb
foot
Oly
LIST OF TABLES.
the
piad
aers
772
fou
774 Pande
765
C
poe
761
753
Page
750 Milet
of
1337
a
748 Phei
0
an
1349
1395
1396
1400
w
:
lo
7451 The
ve
744
fil
743 The
Chronological Tables of Greek History, from the first Olympiad to the Fall of
Corinth, B. c. 146
Chronological Tables of Roman History, from the Foundation of the City, B. c. 753,
to the Fall of the Western Empire, A. D. 476 ·
List of the Genealogical Tables
Parallel Years
The Athenian Archons Eponymi, from B. C. 496, to B. c. 292
Lists of Kings :
1. Kings of Egypt
2. Kings of Media
3. Kings of Lydia
4. Kings of Persia
5. Kings of Sparta
6. Kings of Macedonia
7. Kings of Syria
8. Kings of Egypt
9. Kings of Pergamus
10. Kings of Bithynia
11. Kings of Pontus
12. Kings of Cappadocia
13. Kings of Parthia
14. Kings of Persia (Saspunidae)
15. Kings of Rome
16. Emperors of Rome
736
е
1401
1401
1401
1401
1402
1402
1403
1403
1403
1403
1403
1404
1404
1404
1404
1404
135 Na-
734 Syr
730 | Lec
728 Me
723 ED
721 | Sr
718 1
716G
712 A
710\CI
709 D
## p. 1337 (#1353) ##########################################
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF GREEK HISTORY,
FROM THE FIRST OLYMPIAD, B. C. 776, TO THE FALL OF CORINTH, B. C. 146
B. C.
770
BLES.
L'impiad to the Fall of
1,337
of the City, B. C 754
1449
1396
1400
1401
1401
100l
B. C.
776 Coroebus the Elean gains the victory in the 708 Tarentum founded by the Lacedaemonian
foot race at the Olympic games.
The
Parthenii, under Phalanthus.
Olympic games were instituted by Iphitus Thasos and Parium on the Propontis founded
the Elean about B. C. 884, but the Olym-
by the Parians.
piads were not employed as a chronological
Archilochus, of Paros, the Iambic poet,
aera till the victory of Coroebus.
accompanied the colony to Tbasos, being
Arctinus of Miletus, the Cyclic poet,
then in the flower of his age.
flourished.
693 Simonides of Amorgos, the lyric poet,
774 Pandosia and Metapontum, in Italy, founded.
flourished.
765 Cinaethon of Laccdacmon, the Cyclic
Glaucus of Chios, a statuary in metal,
poet, flourished.
flourished. He was distinguished as tho
761 Eumelus flourished.
inventor of the art of soldering metals.
753 Antimachus of Teos flourished.
690 Foundation of Gela in Sicily, and of Phaselis
750 Miletus at the height of its power. Many in Pamphylia.
of its colonies founded about this time or 687 The empire of the Medes is computed by
a little later.
Herodotus to commence from this date,
748 Pheidon, tyrant of Argog, celebrates the 8th the 23rd year of their independence. It
Olympic games.
He introduced copper lasted 128 years, and terminated in B. C.
and silver coinage, and a new scale of
559.
weights and measures, throughout the Pe-
Archilochus flourished. See B. c. 708.
loponnesus.
685 The beginning of the second Messenian war
745 The first annual Prytanis at Corinth, 90 683 First annual Archon at Atheng.
years before the reign of Cypselus.
Tyrtaeus, the Athenian poet, came to
744 Eumelus of Corinth, the Cyclic poet, Sparta after the first success of the Mes-
flourished.
senians, and by his martial songs roused
743 The beginning of the first war between the the fainting courage of the Lacedaemo-
Messenians and the Lacedaemonians.
nians.
736 Callinus of Ephesus, the earliest Greek 678 Ardys, king of Lydia, succeeded Gyges.
elegiac poet, flourished.
675 Foundation of Cyzicus by the Megarians.
735 Naxos, in Sicily, founded by the Chalcidians 674 Foundation of Chalcedon by the Megarians,
of Euboea.
672 The Pisatae, led by Pantaleon, revolt from
734 Syracuse founded by Archias of Corinth.
the Eleans, and espouse the cause of the
730 Leontium and Catana, in Sicily, founded.
Messenjans.
728 Megara Hyblaea, in Sicily, founded.
Alcman, a native of Sardis in Lydia, and
Philolaus of Corinth, the Theban law-
the chief lyric poet of Sparta, flourished.
giver, flourished.
670 Psammetichus, king of Egypt, begins to
723 End of the first Messenian war. The Mes-
reign.
senians were obliged to submit after the 669 The Argives defeat the Lacedaemonians at
capture of Ithome, and to pay a heavy
Hysiae.
tribute to the Lacedaemonians.
668 End of the second Messenian war according
721 Sybaris, in Italy, founded by the Achaeans.
to Pausanias.
718 War between the Lacedaemonians and Ar- 665 Thaletas of Crete, the lyric poet and
gives.
musician, flourished.
716 Gyges begins to reign in Lydia. This dy- 664 A sea-fight between the Corinthians and
nasty reigned, according to Herodotus, Corcyraeans, the most ancient sea-fight
160 years, and terminated B. C. 546 by
recorded.
the fall of Croesus.
662 Zaleucus the law-giver in Locri Epizephyrii
712 Astacus founded by the Megarians.
flourished.
Callinus of Ephesus flourished.
657 | Byzantium founded by the Megarians.
710 Croton or Crotona, in Italy, founded by the 656 Phraortes, king of Media, succeeds Deïoces.
Achaeans. Soon after the foundation of 655 | The Bacchiadae expelled from Corinth.
Croton the Ozolian Locrians founded the
Cypselus begins to reign. He reigned 30
Epizephyrian Locri in Italy.
years.
709 Deïoces begins to reign in Media. The 654 Foundation of Acanthus, Stagira, Abdera,
Medes revolted from the Assyrians after and Lampsacus.
the death of Sennacherib in B. C. 711. 651 Birth of Pittacus according to Suidas.
The Assyrians according to Herodotus had 648 Himera in Sicily founded
governed Upper Asia for 520 years. This 647 Peisander, the epic poet, of Cameirus in
account gives B. C. 710 + 520 = B. C. 1230
Rhodes, flourished.
for the commencement of the Assyrian 644 Pantaleon, king of Pisa, celebrates the
dominion. The Median kings reigned Olympic games.
150 years. See B. c. 687 and 559.
Terpander flourished.
1403
1463
1403
1463
1404
1464
1404
## p. 1338 (#1354) ##########################################
1338
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF
B. C.
B. C.
B. C.
and :
to th
H
histo
520 M
poet,
319 Plataea
Athe
B
B
518
514 Hippar
511
mod
P
510 Expuls
Ath
The te
then
T
504
с
fioni
503 I
and
fou
501 Naxo:
siai
Ari
Pei
del
tes
300 Arist
Sp
635 Sardis taken by the Cimmerians in the reign cus, Bias, Solon, Cleobulus, Myson, Chilon.
of Ardys.
The first four were universally acknow.
634 Phraortes, king of Media, slain by the As ledged. Periander, whom Plato excluded,
syrians, and succeeded by his son Cy-
was admitted by some.
axares. Irruption of the Scythians into
Sacadas of Argos gained the prize in
Asia, who interrupt Cyaxares in the siege music in the three first Pythia, B. C. 586,
of Nineveh.
582, 578.
631 Cyrene in Libya founded by Battus of 585 Death of Periander.
Thera.
582 Cleisthenes of Sicyon victor in the second
630 Mimnermus flourished.
Pythia
629 Foundation of Sinope by the Milesians. Sa- Agrigentum founded.
dyaties, king of Lydia, succeeds Ardys. 581 | The dynasty of the Cypselidae ended.
625 Periander succeeds Cypselus at Corinth. He 579 Pittacus resigns the government of Mytilene.
reigned 40 years.
575 Battus II. , king of Cyrene, succeeds Arce-
Arion flourished in the reign of Peri- silaus I. Naval empire of the Phocacans.
ander.
572 The war between Pisa and Elis ended by
621 Legislation of Dracon at Athens.
the subjection of the Pisaeans.
620 Attempt of Cylon to make himself master of
Aesopus flourished.
Athens. He had been victor in the 570 Accession of Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum.
Olympic games in B. c. 640. Assisted by
He reigned 16 years.
Theagenes, tyrant of Megara, whose 569 Amasis, king of Egypt, succeeds A pries.
daughter he had married, he seized the
Death of Pittacus 10 years after his ab-
citadel, but was there besieged by the
dication.
archon Megacles, the Alcmaeonid. Cylon | 566 The Panathenaea instituted at Athens.
and his adherents surrendered on a promise
Eugamon flourished.
that their lives should be spared, but they 564 Alalia in Corsica founded by the Phocaeans.
were put to death.
560 Peisistratus usurps the government of Athens.
617 Alyattes, king of Lydia, succeeds Sadyattes.
Thales is nearly eighty years of age.
616 Neco, king of Egypt, succeeds Psammetichus.
Ibycus of Rhegium, the lyric poet,
612 Peace between Alyattes, king of Lydia, and
flourished.
Miletus in the 12th year of the war. 559 Cyrus begins to reign in Persia. The Me-
611 Pittacus overthrows the tyranny of Melan- dian empire ended. See B. c. 687.
chrus at Mytilene.
Heracleia on the Euxine founded.
Sappho, Alcaeus, and Stesichorus flou-
Anacreon begins to be distinguished.
rished.
556 Simonides of Ceos, the lyric poet, born.
610 Birth of Anaximander.
553 Stesichorus died.
607 Scythians expelled from Asia by Cyaxares, 549 Death of Phalaris of Agrigentum.
king of Media, after holding the dominion 548 The temple at Delphi burnt
of it for 28 years.
Anaximenes fiourished.
606 Nineveh taken by Cyaxares.
546 Sardis taken by Cyrus and the Lydian mon-
Combat between Pittacus and Phrynon the archy overthrown.
commander of the Athenians.
Hipponax, the lambic poet, flourished.
Alcaeus fought in the wars between the
Pherecydes of Syros, the philosopher,
Mytilenaeans and Athenians, and incurred and Theognis of Megara, the poet, flou-
the disgrace of leaving his shield on the
rished.
field.
539 Ibycus of Rhegium, the lyric poet,
600 | Psammis, king of Egypt, succeeds Neco.
flourished.
Massilia in Gaul founded by the Phocaeans. 538 Babylon taken by Cyrus.
599 Camarina in Sicily founded 135 years after
Xenophanes of Colophon, the philo-
Syracuse.
sopher, flourished.
596 Epimenides, the Cretan, came to Athens. 535 Thespis the Athenian first exhibits tra-
595 Apries, king of Egypt, succeeds Psammis.
gedy.
Birth of Croesus, king of Lydia.
532 Polycrates becomes tyrant of Samos.
Commencement of the Cirrhaean or Sacred 531 The philosopher Pythagoras and the
War, which lasted 10 years.
poet Anacreon flourished.
All accounts
594 Legislation of Solon, who was Athenian ar- make them contemporary with Polycrates.
chon in this year.
529 Death of Cyrus and accession of Cambyses as
592 Anacharsis came to Athens.
king of Persia.
591 Cirrha taken by the Amphictyons.
527 Death of Peisistratus, 33 years after his first
Arcesilaus I. , king of Cyrene, succeeds Bat- usurpation.
tus I.
525 Cambyses conquers Aegypt in the fifth year
589 Commencement of the government of Pittacus
of his reign.
at Mytilene. He held the supreme power
War of the Lacedaemonians against Poly-
for 10 years under the title of Aesymnetes.
crates of Samos.
Alcaeus the poet in exile and opposed
Birth of Aeschylus.
to the government of Pittacus.
Anacreon and Simonides came to Athens
586 The conquest of the Cirrhaeans completed in the reign of Hipparchus.
and the Pythian games celebrated.
523 Choerilus of Athens first exhibits tragedy.
The seven wise men flourished. They 522 Polycrates of Samos put to death.
were, according to Plato, — Thales, Pitta- 521 Death of Cambyses, usurpation of the Magh
199 First
as
ge
498 Secc
TE
497 This
544
ե
496 FOL
495 Fi
494 Si
493 T
492
491
490
## p. 1339 (#1355) ##########################################
GREEK HISTORY.
1339
B. C.
B. C.
487
1.
های -
ܕ ܪܕ
And accession of Dareius, son of Hystaspes, guidance of Hippias. They are defeated
to the Persian throne.
at Marathon by the Athenians under the
Hecataeus and Dionysius of Miletus, the command of Miltiades.
historians, flourished.
Aeschylus fought at the battle of Mara-
520
Melanippides of Melos, the dithyrambic thon, aet. 35.
poet, flourished.
489 Miltiades attempts to conquer Naxus, but is
519 Plataeae places itself under the protection of repulsed. He is accused, and, unable to
Athens.
pay the fine, in which he was condemned,
Birth of Cratinus, the comic poet.
is thrown into prison, where he died.
518 Birth of Pindar.
Panyasis the poct, the uncle of llerodo.
514 Hipparchus, tyrant of Athens, slain by Har-
tus, flourished.
modius and Aristogeiton.
Chionides, the Athenian comic poct, first
511 Phrynichus, the tragic poct, flourished.
