But it seems that Phalaecus had failed
Anthology
(Brunck, Anal.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Aen.
v.
105); but it is
was one of those who introduced the king into the more commonly known as the name of a son of
assembly of the Aetolians at Lamia. But in the Helios by the Oceanid Clymene, the wife of Me
discussions that ensued he took the lead of the more rops. The genealogy of Phaethon, however, is
moderate party, and opposed, though unsuccessfully, not the same in all writers, for some call him a son
the warlike counsels of Thoas and his adherents of Clymenus, the son of Helios, by Merope (Hrgin.
(Liv. xxxv. 44, 45). Though he was overruled at Fab. 154), or a son of Helios by Prote (Tzetz.
this period, the unfavourable turn of affairs soon in Chil. iv. 137), or, lastly, a son of Helios by the
duced the Aetolians to listen to more pacific counsels, nymph Rhode or Rhodos. (Schol. ad Pind. 01. vi.
and, after the fall of Heracleia, B. c. 191, an embassy 131. ) He received the significant name Phaethon
was despatched, at the head of which was Phaeneas from his father, and was afterwards also presump-
himself, to bear the submission of the nation to the tuous and ambitious enough to request his father
Roman general M'. Acilius Glabrio. But the ex- one day to allow him to drive the chariot of the
orbitant demands of the latter and his arrogant de- sun across the heavens. Helios was induced by
meanour towards the ambassadors themselves, broke the entreaties of his son and of Clymene to rield,
off all prospect of reconciliation, and the war was but the youth being too weak to check the horses,
continued, though the Roman arms were for a time came down with his chariot, and so near to the earth,
diverted against Antiochus. In B. c. 190, Phaeneas that he almost set it on fire. Zeus, therefore,
was again sent as ambassador to Rome to sue for killed him with a flash of lightning, so that he fell
peace, but both he and his colleagues fell into the down into the river Eridanus or the Po. His
hands of the Epeirots, and were compelled to pay sisters, who had yoked the horses to the chariot,
a heavy ransom to redeem themselves from captivity. were metamorphosed into poplars, and their tears
Meanwhile, the arrival of the consul M. Fulvius into amber. (Eurip. Hippol. 737, &c. ; Apollon.
put an end to all hopes of peace. But during the Rhod. iv. 598, &c. ; Lucian, Diul. Deor. 25;
siege of Ambracia, B. c. 189, the Aetolians deter- Hygin. Fab. 152, 154 ; Virg. Eclog. ri. 62, Aen.
mined to make one more effort, and Phaeneas and x. 190; 0v. Me. i. 755, &c. )
Damoteles were sent to the Roman consul, with 2. A son of Cephalus and Eos, was carried off
powers to conclude peace on almost any terms. by Aphrodite, who appointed him guardian of her
This they ultimately obtained, through the inter- temple. (Hes. Theog. 986. ) Apollodorus (iii. 14.
cession of the Athenians and Rhodians, and the $ 3) calls him a son of Tithonus, and grandson of
favour of C. Valerius Laevinus, upon more moderate Cephalus, and Pausanias (i. 3. $ 1) a son of Ce
conditions than they could have dared to hope for. phalus and Hemera.
Phaeneas now hastened to Rome to obtain the ra- 3. The name of one of the horses of Eos. (Hom. .
tification of this treaty, which was, after some 01. xxiii. 246. ) It is also a surname of Absyrtus.
hesitation, granted by the senate on nearly the (Apollon. Rhod. iii. 245. )
(L. S. )
same terms as those dictated by Fulvius. (Polyb. PHAETHON, a slave or freedman of Q. Cicero.
xx. 9, 10, xxi. 8, 9, 12-14, 15; Liv. xxxvi. 28, (Cic. ad Q. Fr. i. 4, ad Att. iii. 8. )
29, 35, xxxviii. 8—11. )
(E. H. B. ) PHIAETHONTIADES or PIIAETHONTI.
PHAENIAS. [PHANIAS. ]
DES ("aelovtides), i. e. the daughters of Phaethon
PHAENIPPL'S (Halvintos), an Athenian, the or Helios, and sisters of the unfortunate Phaethon.
son of Callippus, and adopted son of Philostratus. They are also called Helindes. (Virg. Eclog. vi.
A speech against him, composed for a suit in a case 62 ; Anthol. Palat. ix. 782. )
(1 S. ]
of Antidosis (Dict. of Ant. art. Antidosis), is found PHIAETHU'SA (Paídovoa). 1. One of the
## p. 233 (#249) ############################################
PHALAECUS.
233
PILILANTHUS.
to
Heliades or Phaethontiades. (Ov. Met. ii. 346 ; | leader of mercenary troops, in which character we
comp. HELIADES. )
find him engaging in various enterprizes. At one
2. A daughter of Helios by Neaera, guarded the time he determined to enter the service of the
flocks of her father in Thrinacia in conjunction Tarentines, then at war with the Lucanians ; but
with her sister Lampetia. (Hom. Od. xii. 132 ; a mutiny among his own troops having compelled
Apollon. Rhod. iv. 971. )
(L. S. ] him to abandon this project and return to the
PHAETUS, a writer on cookery of uncertain Peloponnese, he subsequently passed over
age. (Athen. xiv. p. 643, e. f. )
Crete, and assisted the Cnossiaus against their
PHAGITA, CORNELIUS. [Cornelius, neighbours of Lyttus. He was at first successful,
No. 2. )
and took the city of Lyttus ; but was afterwards
PHALAECUS (“álaikos), a tyrant of Ambra- expelled from thence by Archidamius king of
cia, in whose way Artemis once sent a young lion, Sparta : and having next laid siege to Cydonia,
while he was hunting. When Phalaecus took the lost many of his troops, and wiss himself killed in
young animal into his hand, the old lioness rushed the attack. We are told that his besieging
forth and tore him to pieces. The people of Am- engines were set on fire by lightning, and that he,
bracia who thus got rid of their tyrant, propitiated with many of his followers, perished in the con-
Artemis Hegemone, and erected a statue to Arte- fagration ; but this story was probably invented
mis Agrotera. (Anton. Lib. 4. )
(L. S. ]
to give a colour to his fate of that divine ven-
PHALAECUS (Þálaikos), son of Onomarchus, geance which was believed to wait upon the
the leader of the Phocians in the Sacred War. whole of his sacrilegious race.
His death appears
He was still very young at the death of his uncle to bave been after that of Archidamus in B. c. 338.
Phayllus (B. c. 351), so that the latter, though he (Diod. xvi. 61-63 ; Paus, x. 2. 7. ) [E. H. B. )
designated him for his successor in the chief com- PHALAECUS (páraikos), a lyric and epi-
mand, placed him for a time under the guardian- grammatic poet, from whom the metre called pa.
ship of his friend Mnaseas. But very shortly Kaikelov took its name. (Hephaest. p. 57. Gaisf. )
afterwards Mnaseas having fallen in battle against He is occasionally referred to by the grammarians
the Boeotians, Phalaecus, notwithstanding his (Terentian. p. 2424 ; Auson. Epist. 4), but they
youth, assumed the command in person, and give us no information respecting his works, except
carried on hostilities with various success. The that he composed hymns to Hermes. The line quoted
war had now resolved itself into a series of petty by Hephaestion (l. c. ) is evidently the first verse
invasions, or rather predatory incursions by the of a hymn. He seems to have been distinguished
Phocians and Boeotians into each other's territory, as an epigrammatist (Ath. x. p. 440, d. ) ; and five
and continued without any striking incident until of his epigrams are still preserved in the Greek
B. C. 347.
But it seems that Phalaecus had failed Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 421), besides
or neglected to establish his power at home as the one quoted by Athenaeus (l. c. ). The age of
firmly as his predecessors had done : and a charge Phalaecus is uncertain. The conjecture of Reiske
was brought against him by the opposite party of (ap. Fab. Bill. Graec. vol. iv. p. 490) is founded on
having appropriated part of the sacred treasures to an epigram which does not properly belong to this
his own private purposes, in consequence of which writer. A more probable indication of his date is
he was deprived of his power. No punishment, furnished by another epigram, in which he mentions
however, appears to have been inflicted on bim; the actor Lycon, who lived in the time of Alex-
and the following year (B. C. 346) we find him again ander the Great (Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Graec.
appointed general, without any explanation of p. 327); but this epigram also is of somewhat
this revolution : but it seems to have been in doubtful authorship. At all events he was pro-
some manner connected with the proceedings of bably one of the principal Alexandrian poets.
Philip of Macedon, who was now preparing to The Phalaecian verse is well known from its
interpose in the war. It is not easy to under- frequent use by the Roman poets. The Roman
stand the conduct of Phalaecus in the subsequent grammarians also call it Hendecasyllabus. Its
transactions ; but whether he was deceived by the pormal form, which admits of many variations, is
professions of Philip, or had been secretly gained
over by the king, his measures were precisely
those best adapted to facilitate the projects of the It is much older than Phalaecus, whose name is
Macedonian monarch. Instead of strengthening given to it, not because he invented, but be
his alliance with the Athenians and Spartans, he cause he especially used it. It is a very an-
treated the former as if they had been his open cient and important lyric metre. Sappho fre-
enemies, and by his behaviour towards Archi- quently used it, and it is even called the mét pov
damus, led that monarch to withdraw the forces Satpikov_170. palaikelov (Atil. Fort. p. 2674,
which he had brought to the succour of the Pho. Putsch ; Terentian. p. 2440). No example of it is
cians. All this time Phalaecus took no measures found in the extant fragments of Sappho ; but
to oppose the progress of Philip, until the latter it occurs in those of Anacreon and Simonides,
had actually passed the straits of Thermopylae, in Cratinus, in Sophocles (Philoct. 136—151), and
and all hope of resistance was vain. He then other ancient Greek poets.
(P. S. )
hastened to conclude a treaty with the Mace- PHALACRUS, one of the Sicilians oppressed
Jonian king, by which he provided for his own by Verres. He was a native of Centuripa, and the
safety, and was allowed to withdraw into the commander of a ship. (Cic. Verr. v. 40, 44, 46. )
Peloponnese with a body of 8000 mercenaries, PHALANTHUS (Þálavos), a son of Age-
leaving the unhappy Phocians to their fate. laus, and grandson of Stymphalus, and the re-
(Diod. xvi. 38-40, 56, 59; Paus, X. 2. 87; puted founder of Phalanthus in Arcadia. (Paus.
Aesch. de F. Leg. p. 45–47; Dem. de F. Leg. vii. 35. g 7. )
(L. S. )
pp. 359, 364 ; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. chap. 41. ) PHALANTHUS (válavdos), a Phoenician
Phalaecus now assumed the part of a mere leader, who held for a long time against the Do-
. ب . :: .
## p. 234 (#250) ############################################
234
PHALANTHUS.
PIIALARIS.
:
rians the town of Ialysus in Rhodes, being en colony by a sedition. He ended his days in exile,
couraged by an oracle, which had declared that he but, when he was at the point of death, he desired
should not be driven from the land till white crows the Brundusians to reduce his remains to dust and
should appear and fishes be found in bowls. Iphi-sprinkle it in the agora of Tarentum ; by which
clus, the Greek leader, having heard this, some- means, he told them, Apollo had predicied that
what clumsily fulfilled the conditions of the pro- they might recover their country. The oracle,
phecy by whitening some crows with chalk and however, had named this as the method of securing
introducing a few small fish into the bowl which Tarentum to the Partheniae for ever. (Strab. vi.
held Phalanthus's wine. The latter accordingly pp. 278-280, 282 ; Just. iii. 4, xr. 1 ; Paus. x.
was terrified into surrender, and evacuated the 10 ; Arist. Pol. v. 7, ed. Bekk. ; Diod. xv. 66 ;
island after a futile attempt, wherein he was out- Dion. Hal. Frugm. xvii. 1, 2 ; Hor. Carm. ii. 6;
witted by Iphiclus, to carry off a quantity of trea- Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iii. 551 ; Heyne, Excurs, riv.
gure with him. (Ergias, ap. Ath. viii. pp. 360, e, f, ad l'irg. I. c. ; Clint. F. H. vol. i. p. 174, vol. ii.
361, a. b. )
(E. E. ) p. 410, note u ; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. i. p. 352,
PHALANTHUS (válavdos), a Lacedaemo- &c. ; Müll. Dor. i. 6. $ 12, 7. $ 10, ii. 5. $ 7,
nian, son of Aracus, was the founder of Tarentum 6. $ 10. )
(E. E. )
about B. C. 708. The legend, as collected from PHA'LARIS (péraps), ruler of Agrigentum
Justin, and from Antiochus and Ephorus in Strabo, in Sicily, has obtained a proverbial celebrity as a
is as follows. When the Lacedaemonians set forth cruel and inhuman tyrant. But far from the noton
on their first Messenian war, they bound them- riety thus given to his name having contributed to
selves by an oath not to return home till they had our real knowledge of his life and history, it has
brought the contest to a successful issue. But only served to envelope every thing connected with
nine years passed away, and in the tenth their him in a cloud of fable, through which it is scarcely
wires sent to complain of their state of widowhood, possible to catch a glimpse of truth. The period at
and to point out, as its consequence, that their which he lived has been the subject of much dis-
country would have no new generation of citizens pute, and his reign has been carried back by some
to defend it. By the advice therefore of Aracus, writers as far as the 31st Olympiad (B. C. 656),
the young men, who had grown up since the be- but there seems little doubt that the statement of
ginning of the war, and had never taken the oath, Suidas, who represents him as reigning in the 52d
were sent home to become fathers of children by Olympiad, is in the main correct. Eusebius in one
the Spartan virgins; and those who were thus passage gives the older date, but in another assigns
born were called Tapdeviai (sons of the maidens). the commencement of his reign to the third year
According to Theopompus (ap. Ath. vi. p. 271,c,d ; of the 520 Olympiad (B. C. 570); and this is con-
comp. Casaub. ad loc. ), the widows of those who firmed by statements which represent him as con-
had fallen in the Messenian war were given as temporary with Stesichorus and Croesus. (Suid. s. c.
wives to Helots ; and, though this statement more válapis ; Euseb. Chron. an. 1365, 1393, 1446 ;
probably refers to the second war, it seems likely Syncell. p. 213, d. ed. Paris ; Oros. i. 20 ; Plin.
that the Partheniae were the offspring of some H. N. vii. 56 ; Arist. Rhet. ii. 20 ; Diod. Exc. l'at.
marriages of disparagement, which the necessity of pp. 25, 26; Bentley, Dissertation on the Epistles of
the period had induced the Spartans to permit. Phalaris; Clinton, F. H. vol. i. p.
was one of those who introduced the king into the more commonly known as the name of a son of
assembly of the Aetolians at Lamia. But in the Helios by the Oceanid Clymene, the wife of Me
discussions that ensued he took the lead of the more rops. The genealogy of Phaethon, however, is
moderate party, and opposed, though unsuccessfully, not the same in all writers, for some call him a son
the warlike counsels of Thoas and his adherents of Clymenus, the son of Helios, by Merope (Hrgin.
(Liv. xxxv. 44, 45). Though he was overruled at Fab. 154), or a son of Helios by Prote (Tzetz.
this period, the unfavourable turn of affairs soon in Chil. iv. 137), or, lastly, a son of Helios by the
duced the Aetolians to listen to more pacific counsels, nymph Rhode or Rhodos. (Schol. ad Pind. 01. vi.
and, after the fall of Heracleia, B. c. 191, an embassy 131. ) He received the significant name Phaethon
was despatched, at the head of which was Phaeneas from his father, and was afterwards also presump-
himself, to bear the submission of the nation to the tuous and ambitious enough to request his father
Roman general M'. Acilius Glabrio. But the ex- one day to allow him to drive the chariot of the
orbitant demands of the latter and his arrogant de- sun across the heavens. Helios was induced by
meanour towards the ambassadors themselves, broke the entreaties of his son and of Clymene to rield,
off all prospect of reconciliation, and the war was but the youth being too weak to check the horses,
continued, though the Roman arms were for a time came down with his chariot, and so near to the earth,
diverted against Antiochus. In B. c. 190, Phaeneas that he almost set it on fire. Zeus, therefore,
was again sent as ambassador to Rome to sue for killed him with a flash of lightning, so that he fell
peace, but both he and his colleagues fell into the down into the river Eridanus or the Po. His
hands of the Epeirots, and were compelled to pay sisters, who had yoked the horses to the chariot,
a heavy ransom to redeem themselves from captivity. were metamorphosed into poplars, and their tears
Meanwhile, the arrival of the consul M. Fulvius into amber. (Eurip. Hippol. 737, &c. ; Apollon.
put an end to all hopes of peace. But during the Rhod. iv. 598, &c. ; Lucian, Diul. Deor. 25;
siege of Ambracia, B. c. 189, the Aetolians deter- Hygin. Fab. 152, 154 ; Virg. Eclog. ri. 62, Aen.
mined to make one more effort, and Phaeneas and x. 190; 0v. Me. i. 755, &c. )
Damoteles were sent to the Roman consul, with 2. A son of Cephalus and Eos, was carried off
powers to conclude peace on almost any terms. by Aphrodite, who appointed him guardian of her
This they ultimately obtained, through the inter- temple. (Hes. Theog. 986. ) Apollodorus (iii. 14.
cession of the Athenians and Rhodians, and the $ 3) calls him a son of Tithonus, and grandson of
favour of C. Valerius Laevinus, upon more moderate Cephalus, and Pausanias (i. 3. $ 1) a son of Ce
conditions than they could have dared to hope for. phalus and Hemera.
Phaeneas now hastened to Rome to obtain the ra- 3. The name of one of the horses of Eos. (Hom. .
tification of this treaty, which was, after some 01. xxiii. 246. ) It is also a surname of Absyrtus.
hesitation, granted by the senate on nearly the (Apollon. Rhod. iii. 245. )
(L. S. )
same terms as those dictated by Fulvius. (Polyb. PHAETHON, a slave or freedman of Q. Cicero.
xx. 9, 10, xxi. 8, 9, 12-14, 15; Liv. xxxvi. 28, (Cic. ad Q. Fr. i. 4, ad Att. iii. 8. )
29, 35, xxxviii. 8—11. )
(E. H. B. ) PHIAETHONTIADES or PIIAETHONTI.
PHAENIAS. [PHANIAS. ]
DES ("aelovtides), i. e. the daughters of Phaethon
PHAENIPPL'S (Halvintos), an Athenian, the or Helios, and sisters of the unfortunate Phaethon.
son of Callippus, and adopted son of Philostratus. They are also called Helindes. (Virg. Eclog. vi.
A speech against him, composed for a suit in a case 62 ; Anthol. Palat. ix. 782. )
(1 S. ]
of Antidosis (Dict. of Ant. art. Antidosis), is found PHIAETHU'SA (Paídovoa). 1. One of the
## p. 233 (#249) ############################################
PHALAECUS.
233
PILILANTHUS.
to
Heliades or Phaethontiades. (Ov. Met. ii. 346 ; | leader of mercenary troops, in which character we
comp. HELIADES. )
find him engaging in various enterprizes. At one
2. A daughter of Helios by Neaera, guarded the time he determined to enter the service of the
flocks of her father in Thrinacia in conjunction Tarentines, then at war with the Lucanians ; but
with her sister Lampetia. (Hom. Od. xii. 132 ; a mutiny among his own troops having compelled
Apollon. Rhod. iv. 971. )
(L. S. ] him to abandon this project and return to the
PHAETUS, a writer on cookery of uncertain Peloponnese, he subsequently passed over
age. (Athen. xiv. p. 643, e. f. )
Crete, and assisted the Cnossiaus against their
PHAGITA, CORNELIUS. [Cornelius, neighbours of Lyttus. He was at first successful,
No. 2. )
and took the city of Lyttus ; but was afterwards
PHALAECUS (“álaikos), a tyrant of Ambra- expelled from thence by Archidamius king of
cia, in whose way Artemis once sent a young lion, Sparta : and having next laid siege to Cydonia,
while he was hunting. When Phalaecus took the lost many of his troops, and wiss himself killed in
young animal into his hand, the old lioness rushed the attack. We are told that his besieging
forth and tore him to pieces. The people of Am- engines were set on fire by lightning, and that he,
bracia who thus got rid of their tyrant, propitiated with many of his followers, perished in the con-
Artemis Hegemone, and erected a statue to Arte- fagration ; but this story was probably invented
mis Agrotera. (Anton. Lib. 4. )
(L. S. ]
to give a colour to his fate of that divine ven-
PHALAECUS (Þálaikos), son of Onomarchus, geance which was believed to wait upon the
the leader of the Phocians in the Sacred War. whole of his sacrilegious race.
His death appears
He was still very young at the death of his uncle to bave been after that of Archidamus in B. c. 338.
Phayllus (B. c. 351), so that the latter, though he (Diod. xvi. 61-63 ; Paus, x. 2. 7. ) [E. H. B. )
designated him for his successor in the chief com- PHALAECUS (páraikos), a lyric and epi-
mand, placed him for a time under the guardian- grammatic poet, from whom the metre called pa.
ship of his friend Mnaseas. But very shortly Kaikelov took its name. (Hephaest. p. 57. Gaisf. )
afterwards Mnaseas having fallen in battle against He is occasionally referred to by the grammarians
the Boeotians, Phalaecus, notwithstanding his (Terentian. p. 2424 ; Auson. Epist. 4), but they
youth, assumed the command in person, and give us no information respecting his works, except
carried on hostilities with various success. The that he composed hymns to Hermes. The line quoted
war had now resolved itself into a series of petty by Hephaestion (l. c. ) is evidently the first verse
invasions, or rather predatory incursions by the of a hymn. He seems to have been distinguished
Phocians and Boeotians into each other's territory, as an epigrammatist (Ath. x. p. 440, d. ) ; and five
and continued without any striking incident until of his epigrams are still preserved in the Greek
B. C. 347.
But it seems that Phalaecus had failed Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 421), besides
or neglected to establish his power at home as the one quoted by Athenaeus (l. c. ). The age of
firmly as his predecessors had done : and a charge Phalaecus is uncertain. The conjecture of Reiske
was brought against him by the opposite party of (ap. Fab. Bill. Graec. vol. iv. p. 490) is founded on
having appropriated part of the sacred treasures to an epigram which does not properly belong to this
his own private purposes, in consequence of which writer. A more probable indication of his date is
he was deprived of his power. No punishment, furnished by another epigram, in which he mentions
however, appears to have been inflicted on bim; the actor Lycon, who lived in the time of Alex-
and the following year (B. C. 346) we find him again ander the Great (Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Graec.
appointed general, without any explanation of p. 327); but this epigram also is of somewhat
this revolution : but it seems to have been in doubtful authorship. At all events he was pro-
some manner connected with the proceedings of bably one of the principal Alexandrian poets.
Philip of Macedon, who was now preparing to The Phalaecian verse is well known from its
interpose in the war. It is not easy to under- frequent use by the Roman poets. The Roman
stand the conduct of Phalaecus in the subsequent grammarians also call it Hendecasyllabus. Its
transactions ; but whether he was deceived by the pormal form, which admits of many variations, is
professions of Philip, or had been secretly gained
over by the king, his measures were precisely
those best adapted to facilitate the projects of the It is much older than Phalaecus, whose name is
Macedonian monarch. Instead of strengthening given to it, not because he invented, but be
his alliance with the Athenians and Spartans, he cause he especially used it. It is a very an-
treated the former as if they had been his open cient and important lyric metre. Sappho fre-
enemies, and by his behaviour towards Archi- quently used it, and it is even called the mét pov
damus, led that monarch to withdraw the forces Satpikov_170. palaikelov (Atil. Fort. p. 2674,
which he had brought to the succour of the Pho. Putsch ; Terentian. p. 2440). No example of it is
cians. All this time Phalaecus took no measures found in the extant fragments of Sappho ; but
to oppose the progress of Philip, until the latter it occurs in those of Anacreon and Simonides,
had actually passed the straits of Thermopylae, in Cratinus, in Sophocles (Philoct. 136—151), and
and all hope of resistance was vain. He then other ancient Greek poets.
(P. S. )
hastened to conclude a treaty with the Mace- PHALACRUS, one of the Sicilians oppressed
Jonian king, by which he provided for his own by Verres. He was a native of Centuripa, and the
safety, and was allowed to withdraw into the commander of a ship. (Cic. Verr. v. 40, 44, 46. )
Peloponnese with a body of 8000 mercenaries, PHALANTHUS (Þálavos), a son of Age-
leaving the unhappy Phocians to their fate. laus, and grandson of Stymphalus, and the re-
(Diod. xvi. 38-40, 56, 59; Paus, X. 2. 87; puted founder of Phalanthus in Arcadia. (Paus.
Aesch. de F. Leg. p. 45–47; Dem. de F. Leg. vii. 35. g 7. )
(L. S. )
pp. 359, 364 ; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. chap. 41. ) PHALANTHUS (válavdos), a Phoenician
Phalaecus now assumed the part of a mere leader, who held for a long time against the Do-
. ب . :: .
## p. 234 (#250) ############################################
234
PHALANTHUS.
PIIALARIS.
:
rians the town of Ialysus in Rhodes, being en colony by a sedition. He ended his days in exile,
couraged by an oracle, which had declared that he but, when he was at the point of death, he desired
should not be driven from the land till white crows the Brundusians to reduce his remains to dust and
should appear and fishes be found in bowls. Iphi-sprinkle it in the agora of Tarentum ; by which
clus, the Greek leader, having heard this, some- means, he told them, Apollo had predicied that
what clumsily fulfilled the conditions of the pro- they might recover their country. The oracle,
phecy by whitening some crows with chalk and however, had named this as the method of securing
introducing a few small fish into the bowl which Tarentum to the Partheniae for ever. (Strab. vi.
held Phalanthus's wine. The latter accordingly pp. 278-280, 282 ; Just. iii. 4, xr. 1 ; Paus. x.
was terrified into surrender, and evacuated the 10 ; Arist. Pol. v. 7, ed. Bekk. ; Diod. xv. 66 ;
island after a futile attempt, wherein he was out- Dion. Hal. Frugm. xvii. 1, 2 ; Hor. Carm. ii. 6;
witted by Iphiclus, to carry off a quantity of trea- Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iii. 551 ; Heyne, Excurs, riv.
gure with him. (Ergias, ap. Ath. viii. pp. 360, e, f, ad l'irg. I. c. ; Clint. F. H. vol. i. p. 174, vol. ii.
361, a. b. )
(E. E. ) p. 410, note u ; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. i. p. 352,
PHALANTHUS (válavdos), a Lacedaemo- &c. ; Müll. Dor. i. 6. $ 12, 7. $ 10, ii. 5. $ 7,
nian, son of Aracus, was the founder of Tarentum 6. $ 10. )
(E. E. )
about B. C. 708. The legend, as collected from PHA'LARIS (péraps), ruler of Agrigentum
Justin, and from Antiochus and Ephorus in Strabo, in Sicily, has obtained a proverbial celebrity as a
is as follows. When the Lacedaemonians set forth cruel and inhuman tyrant. But far from the noton
on their first Messenian war, they bound them- riety thus given to his name having contributed to
selves by an oath not to return home till they had our real knowledge of his life and history, it has
brought the contest to a successful issue. But only served to envelope every thing connected with
nine years passed away, and in the tenth their him in a cloud of fable, through which it is scarcely
wires sent to complain of their state of widowhood, possible to catch a glimpse of truth. The period at
and to point out, as its consequence, that their which he lived has been the subject of much dis-
country would have no new generation of citizens pute, and his reign has been carried back by some
to defend it. By the advice therefore of Aracus, writers as far as the 31st Olympiad (B. C. 656),
the young men, who had grown up since the be- but there seems little doubt that the statement of
ginning of the war, and had never taken the oath, Suidas, who represents him as reigning in the 52d
were sent home to become fathers of children by Olympiad, is in the main correct. Eusebius in one
the Spartan virgins; and those who were thus passage gives the older date, but in another assigns
born were called Tapdeviai (sons of the maidens). the commencement of his reign to the third year
According to Theopompus (ap. Ath. vi. p. 271,c,d ; of the 520 Olympiad (B. C. 570); and this is con-
comp. Casaub. ad loc. ), the widows of those who firmed by statements which represent him as con-
had fallen in the Messenian war were given as temporary with Stesichorus and Croesus. (Suid. s. c.
wives to Helots ; and, though this statement more válapis ; Euseb. Chron. an. 1365, 1393, 1446 ;
probably refers to the second war, it seems likely Syncell. p. 213, d. ed. Paris ; Oros. i. 20 ; Plin.
that the Partheniae were the offspring of some H. N. vii. 56 ; Arist. Rhet. ii. 20 ; Diod. Exc. l'at.
marriages of disparagement, which the necessity of pp. 25, 26; Bentley, Dissertation on the Epistles of
the period had induced the Spartans to permit. Phalaris; Clinton, F. H. vol. i. p.
