] Sicily, was the inventor of the lascivious poems
BORUS (B@pos), two mythical personages, of called Talyvia.
BORUS (B@pos), two mythical personages, of called Talyvia.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Eccl.
xiii.
pp.
713
Hecate, or Persephone. The Angitia of the Mar-1-886, in which last (note 77) is a discussion o:)
sians seems to have been the same goddess with a correspondence of sixteen smaller letters, falsely
them as the Bona Dea with the Romans. (ANGI- ascribed to him and Augustin. [A. P. S. )
TIA; comp. Hartung, Die Relig. der Röm. ii. p. BONO'SUS, was born in Spain; his ancestors
195, &c. )
[L. S. ) were from Britain and Gaul. The son of a huinble
BONIFA'CIUS, a Roman general, tribunus, schoolmaster, he displayed a marked inaptitude for
and comes in the province of Africa under Valen- literary pursuits; but, having entered the army,
tinian 111. In the early part of his career he was gradually rose to high military rank, and was in-
distinguished for his prompt administration of jus debted for much of his success in life to the singular
tice, and also for his activity against the barbarians, faculty which he possessed of being able to drink 10
as at Massilia in a. D. 413 against the Gothic king excess (bibit quantum hominum nemo) without be-
Ataulphus (Olymp. ap. Phot. p. 59, Bekk. ), and in coming intoxicated or losing his self-command.
422 against the Vandals in Spain. (Prosper. ) His Aurelian, resolving to take advantage of this na-
high character procured for him the friendship tural gift, kept him near his person, in order that
of Augustin, whom he consulted with regard to when ambassadors arrived from barbarian tribes,
enforcing the imperial laws against the Donatists, they might be tempted to deep potations by Bo-
and to scruples which he entertained against con- nosus, and so led to betray the secrets of their
tinuing military pursuits, and (on the death of mission. In pursuance of this plan, the emperor
his wife) eren against remaining in the world at caused him to wed Hunila, a damsel of the noblest
all. These scruples Augustin wisely allayed, only blood among the Goths, in hopes of gaining early
recommending to him resolutions, which he adopted, information of the schemes in agitation among her
of confining himself to defensive warfare against the kinsmen, which they were apt to divulge when
barbarians, and of leading a single life. (Augustin. under the influence of wine. How the husband-
Ep. 185, 189. ) (1. D. 417, 418. )
spy discharged his task we are not told; but we
The abandonment of this last resolution, in his find him at a subsequent period in the command of
second marriage with a rich Arian lady of the troops upon the Rhaetian frontier, and afterwards
name of Pelagia, seems to have exercised a perni- stationed on the Rhine. The Germans having
cious influence over his general character. Al succeeded in destroying certain Roman vessels in
though he so far maintained his own religious consequence of some carelessness or breach of duty
convictions as to insist on the previous conversion of on his part, in order to avoid immediate punish-
his wife, yet he so far gave them up as to allow his ment, he prevailed upon his soldiers to proclaim
child to receive Arian baptism; and as the first breach him emperor. After a long and severe struggle, he
of eren slight scruples may prepare a conscience was vanquished by Probus, and hanged himself.
naturally tender for the commission of actual crimes, The conqueror magnanimously spared his two sons
he is afterwards reported to have lived with concu- and pensioned his widow. No medals are extant
bines. (Augustin. I p. 220. ) (A. D. 424. ) Whilst in except those published by Goltzius, which are
the unsettled state consequent on this change of life, spurious. (Vopiscus, Vit. Bonos. ) [W. R. ]
## p. 501 (#521) ############################################
BOSTAR.
50!
BRACHYLLES.
BOOʻPIS (BOWTIs), an epithet commonly given that Bostor died of the treatment he received.
to Hera in the Homeric poems. It has been said, The cruelty of the family, however, excited so
that the goddess was thus designated in allusion to much odium at Rome, that the sons of Regulus
her having metamorphosed Io into a cow; but this thought it advisable to burn the body of Bostar,
opinion is contradicted by the fact, that other divi- and send his ashes to Carthage. This account of
nities too, such as Euryphaëssa (Hom. Hymn. in Diodorus, which, Niebuhr remarks, is probably
Sol. 2) and Pluto (Hesiod. Theog. 355), are men- taken from Philinus, must be regarded as of doubt-
tioned with the same epithet; and from this cir- ful authority. (Polyb. i. 30; Oros. ir. 8; Eutrop.
cumstance it must be inferred, that the poets meant ii. 21 ; Flor. ii. 2; Diod. Exc. xxxiv. ; Niebuhr,
to express by it nothing but the sublime and ma- Hist. of Rome, iii. p. 600. )
jestic character of those divinities. [L. S. ) 2. The Carthaginian commander of the merca-
BOʻREAS (Bopéas or Bopas), the North wind, nary troops in Sardinia, was, together with all the
was, according to Hesiod (Theog. 379), a son of Carthaginians with him, killed by these soldiers
Astraeus and Eos, and brother of Hesperus, Ze when they revolted in B. C. 240. (Polyb. i. 79. )
phyrus, and Notus. He dwelt in a cave of mount 3. A Carthaginian general, who was sent by
Haemus in Thrace. (Callim. Hymn. in Del. 63. ) Hasdrubal, the commander-in-chief of the Cartha-
He is mixed up with the early legends of Attica ginian forces in Spain, to prevent the Romans un-
in the story of his having carried off Oreithyia, der Scipio from crossing the Iberus in B. -c. 217.
the daughter of Erechtheus, by whom he begot But not daring to do this, Bostar fell back upon
Zetes, Calais, and Cleopatra, the wife of Phineus, Saguntum, where all the hostages were kept which
who are therefore called Boreades. (Ov. Met. vi. had been given to the Carthaginians by the diffe-
683, &c. ; Apollon. Rhod. i. 211; Apollod. iii. 15. rent states in Spain. Here he was persuaded by
$2; Paus. i. 19. $6. ) In the Persian war, Boreas Abelox, who had secretly gone over to the Ro-
shewed his friendly disposition towards the Athe- mans, to set these hostages at liberty, because such
nians by destroying the ships of the barbarians. an act would secure the affections of the Spanish
(Herod. vii. 189. ) He also assisted the Megalo people. But the hostages had no sooner left the
politans against the Spartans, for which he was city, than they were betrayed by Abelox into the
honoured at Megalopolis with annual festivals. hands of the Romans. For his simplicity on this
(Paus. viii. 36. $ 3. ) According to an Homeric occasion, Bostar was involved in great danger.
tradition (IL. XI. 223), Boreas begot twelve horses (Polyb. iii. 98, 99, Liv. xxii. 22. )
by the mares of Erichthonius, which is commonly 4. One of the ambassadors sent by Hannibal
explained as a mere figurative mode of expressing to Philip of Macedonia in B. c. 215. _The ship in
the extraordinary swiftness of those horses. On which they sailed was taken by the Romans, and
the chest of Cypselus he was represented in the the ambassadors themselves sent as prisoners to
act of carrying off Oreithyia, and here the place of Rome. (Liv. xxiii. 34. ) We are not told whether
his legs was occupied by tails of serpents. (Paus. they obtained their freedom; and consequently it
v. 19. & 1. ) Respecting the festivals of Boreas, is uncertain whether the Bostar who was governor
celebrated at Athens and other places, see Dict. of of Capua with Hanno, in 211, is the same as the
Ant. s. v. Bopeao uos.
(L. S. ] preceding. (Liv. xxvi. 5, 12; Appian, Anni). 43. )
BORMUS (B@puos or Bøpquos), a son of Upius, BO'TACHUS (Búraxos), a son of locritus and
a Mariandynian, was a youth distinguished for his grandson of Lycurgus, from whom the demos Bo-
extraordinary beauty. Once during the time of tachidae or Potachides at Tegea was believed to
harvest, when he went to a well to fetch water for bave derived its name. (Paus. viii. 45. § 1; Steph.
the reapers, he was drawn into the well by the Byz. s. v. Bwraxíðan. )
[L. S. ]
nymphs, and never appeared again. For this rea- BOTANIDES. (NICEPHORUS III. ]
bon, the country people in Bithynia celebrated his BOʻTRYAS (Botpúas), of Myndus, is one of
memory every year at the time of harvest with the writers whom Ptolemy, the son of Hephaestion
plaintive songs (Bapuol) with the accompaniment made use of in compiling his “ New History. ”
of their futes. (Athen. xiv. p. 620; Aeschyl. Pers. (Phot. p. 147, 2. , 21, ed. Bekker. )
941; Schol. ad Dionys. Perieg. 791; Pollux, iv. BOTRYS (Búrpus), a native of Messana in
54. )
[L. S.
] Sicily, was the inventor of the lascivious poems
BORUS (B@pos), two mythical personages, of called Talyvia. (Athen. vii. p. 322, a. ; Polyb. xii.
whom no particulars are related. (A pollod. iii
. 13. 13; Suidas, s. v. anuoxápns. )
$ 1; Paus. ii. 18. § 7. )
(L. S. ] BOTRYS (BbTpus), a Greek physician, who
BOSTAR (BOTwp, Polyb. iii. 98; Bwotapos, must have lived in or before the first century
Polyb. i. 30; Bodootwp, Diod. Exc. xxiv. ). 1. A after Christ. His writings are not now extant,
Carthaginian general, who, in conjunction with but they were used by Pliny for his Natural His-
Hamilcar and Hasdrubal, the son of Hanno, com- tory. (Ind. to H. N. xjii
. xiv. ) One of his pre-
manded the Carthaginian forces sent against M. Ati- scriptions is preserved by Galen. (De Compos. Me-
lius Regulus when he invaded Africa in B. c. 256. dicum. sec. Locos. iii. I. vol. xii. p. 640. ) (W. A. G. ]
Bostar and his colleagues were, however, quite in- BOTTHAEUS (Bordatós), is mentioned along
competent for their office. Instead of keeping to with Scylax of Caryanda by Marcianus of Hera-
the plains, where their cavalry and elephants would cleia (p. 63) as one of those who wrote a Periplus.
bave been formidable to the Romans, they retired to BRACHYLLES or BRACHYLLAS (Bpa-
the mountains, where these forces were of no use ; xúns, Bpaxúdas), was the son of Neon, a
and they were defeated, in consequence, near the Boeotian, who studiously courted the favour of the
town of Adis, with great slaughter. The generals, Macedonian king Antigonus Doson ; and accord-
we are told, were taken prisoners; and we learn ingly, when the latter took Sparta, B. c. 222, he
from Diodorus, that Bostar and Hamilcar were, entrusted to Brachyllas the government of the city.
after the death of Regulus, delivered up to his fa- | (Polyb. xx. 5 ; comp. ii. 70, v. 9, ix. 36. ) After
mily, who behaved to them with such barbarity, the death of Antigonus, B. c. 220, Brachy las con-
## p. 502 (#522) ############################################
502
BRASIDAS.
BRASIDAS.
tinued to attach himself to the interests of Mace- mosthenes from Pylos (425), he is described 18
donia under Philip V. , whom he attended in his running his galley ashore, and, in a gallant
conference with Flamininus at Nicaea in Locris, endeavour to land, to have fainted from his
B. C. 198. (Polyb. xvii. 1; Liv. xxxii. 32. ) At wounds, and falling back into the ship to have lost
the battle of Cynoscephalae, B. C. 197, he com- in the water his shield, which was afterwards found
manded the Boeotian troops in Philip's army; but, by the Atheninns and used in their trophy. Early
together with the rest of his countrymen who had in the following year we find him at the Isthmus
on that occasion fallen into the Roman power, he preparing for his expedition to Chalcidice ( 424), but
was sent home in safety by Flamininus, who suddenly called off from this by the danger of
wished to conciliate Boeotia. On his return he Megara, which but for his timely and skilful suc-
was elected Boeotarch, through the influence of the cour would no doubt have been lost to the enemy.
Macedonian party at Thebes ; in consequence of Shortly after, he set forth with an army of 700
which Zeuxippus, Peisistratus, and the other helots and 1000 mercenaries, arrived at Heraclein,
leaders of the Roman party, caused him to be and, by a rapid and dexterous march through the
assassinated as he was returning home one night | hostile country of Thessaly, effected a junction
from an entertainment, B. c. 196. Polybius tells with Perdiccas of Macedon. The events of his
us, what Livy omits to state, that Flamininus him- career in this field of action were (after a brief ex-
self was privy to the crime. (Polyb. xviii. 26 ; Liv. pedition against Arrhibaeus, a revolted vassal of
xxxi. 27, 28 ; comp. xxxv. 47, xxxvi. 6. ) [E. E. ] the king's) the acquisition, Ist. of Acanthus,
BRANCHUS (Bpáyxos), a son of Apollo or effected by a most politic exposition of his views
Smicrus of Delphi. His mother, a Milesian wo-(of which Thucydides gives us a representation),
man, dreamt at the time she gave birth to him, made before the popular assembly ; 2nd. of Sta-
that the sun was passing through her body, and geirus, its neighbour ; 3rd. of Amphipolis, the
the seers interpreted this as a favourable sign. most important of all the Athenian iributaries in
A pollo loved the boy Branchus for his great beauty, that part of the country, accomplished by a sudden
and endowed him with prophetic power, which he attack after the commencement of winter, and fol-
exercised at Didyma, near Miletus. Here he lowed by an unsuccessful attempt on Eïon, and
founded an oracle, of which his descendants, the by the accession of Myrcinus, Galepsus, Aesyme,
Branchidae, were the priests, and which was held and most of the towns in the peninsula of Athos ;
in great esteem, especially by the Ionians and 4th. the reduction of Torone, and expulsion of its
Aeolians. (Herod. i. 157 ; Strab. xiv. p. 634, xvii. Athenian garrison from the post of Lecythus. In
p. 814 ; Lutat. ad Stat. Theb. viü. 198; Conon, the following spring (423) we have the revolt of
Narrat. 33; Luc. Diah Deor. 2 ; comp. Dict. of Scione, falling a day or two after the ratification
Ant. s. v. Oraculum. )
of the truce agreed upon by the government at
BRANCUS, king of the Allobroges, had been homewa mischance which Brasidas scrupled not to
deprived of his kingdom by his younger brother, remedy by denying the fact, and not only retained
but was restored to it by Hannibal in B. c. 218. Scione, but even availed himself of the consequent
(Liv. xxi. 31. )
revolt of. Mende, on pretext of certain infringe-
BRANGAS (Bpárgas), a son of the Thracian ments on the other side. Next, a second expedi-
king Strymon, and brother of Rhessus and Olyn- tion with Perdiccas, against Arrhibaeus, resulting
thus. When the last of these three brothers had in a perilous but most ably-conducted retreat: the
been killed during the chase by a lion, Brangas loss, in the meantime, of Mende, recaptured by
buried him on the spot where he had fallen, and the new Athenian armament ; and in the winter
called the town which he subsequently built there an ineffectual attempton Potidaea.
In 422,
Olynthus. (Conon, Narrat. 4 ; Steph. Byz. 8. v. Brasidas with no reinforcements bad to oppose a
"Avv9os ; Athen. viii. p. 334, who calls Olynthus large body of the flower of the Athenian troops
a son of Heracles. )
(L. S. ) under Cleon. Torone and Galepsus were lost, but
BRA'SIDAS (Bpacidas), son of Tellis, the most Amphipolis was saved by a skilful sally,—the closing
distinguished Spartan in the first part of the Pelo-erent of the war,-in which the Athenians were
ponnesian war, signalized himself in its first year completely defeated and Cleon slain, and Brasidas
(B. C. 431) by throwing a hundred men into Methone, himself in the first moment of victory received his
while besieged by the Athenians in their first mortal wound.
ravage of the Peloponnesian coast.
For this ex- He was interred at Amphipolis, within the
ploit, which saved the place, he received, the first walls-an extraordinary honour in a Greek town
in the war, public commendation at Sparta ; and -with a magnificent funeral
, attended under arms
perhaps in consequence of this it is we find him in by all the allied forces. The tomb was railed off,
September appointed Ephor Eponymus. (Xen. and his memory honoured by the Amphipolitans,
Hel. ii. 3. § 10. ). His next employment (B. C. by yearly sacrifices offered to him there, as to a
429) is as one of the three counsellors sent to hero, and by games. (Paus. iii. 14. & 1 ; Aristot.
assist Cnemus, after his first defeat by Phormion ; Eth. Nic. v. 7 ; Dict. of Ant. s. v. Bpacideia. )
and his name is also mentioned after the second Regarding hini as their preserver, they trans-
defeat in the attempt to surprise the Peiraeeus, and ferred to him all the honours of a Founder
we may not improbably ascribe to him the attempt, hitherto paid to Hagnon. Pausanias mentions a
and its failure to his colleagues. In 427 he was cenotaph to him in Sparta, and we hear also
united in the same, but a subordinate, capacity, (Plut. Lysander, 1) of a treasury at Delphi,
with Alcidas, the new admiral, on his return bearing the inscription, “ Brasidas and the Acan-
from his Ionian voyage ; and accompanying him thians from the Athenians. Two or three of his
to Corcyra be was reported, Thucydides tells us, to sayings are recorded in Plutarch's Apophthegmatu
have vainly urged him to attack the city immedi Laconica, but none very characteristic. Thucy-
ately after their victory in the first engagement. dides gives three speeches in his name, the first
Next, as tricrarch in the attempt to dislodge De- and longest at Acanthus ; one to his forces in the
## p. 503 (#523) ############################################
BRENNUS.
503
BRENNUS.
retreat, perhaps the greatest of his exploits, from Little is known of him and his Gauls till they
Lyncestis ; and a third before the battle of Am- came into immediate contact with the Romans, and
phipolis. His own opinion of him seems to have even then traditionary legends bave very much ob-
been very high, and indeed we cannot well over- scured the facts of history.
estimate the services he rendered his country.
It is clear, however, that, after crossing the
Without his activity, even the utmost temerity in Apennines (Diod. xiv. 113; Liv. v. 36), Brennus
their opponents would hardly have brought Sparta out attacked Clusium, and unsuccessfully. The valley
of the contest without the utmost disgrace. He is of the Clanis was then open before him, leading
in fact the one redeeming point of the first ten down to the Tiber, where the river was fordable;
years ; and had his life and career been prolonged, and after crossing it he passed through the country
the war would perhaps have come to an earlier of the Sabines, and advanced along the Salarian
conclusion, and one more happy for all parties. road towards Rome.
Hecate, or Persephone. The Angitia of the Mar-1-886, in which last (note 77) is a discussion o:)
sians seems to have been the same goddess with a correspondence of sixteen smaller letters, falsely
them as the Bona Dea with the Romans. (ANGI- ascribed to him and Augustin. [A. P. S. )
TIA; comp. Hartung, Die Relig. der Röm. ii. p. BONO'SUS, was born in Spain; his ancestors
195, &c. )
[L. S. ) were from Britain and Gaul. The son of a huinble
BONIFA'CIUS, a Roman general, tribunus, schoolmaster, he displayed a marked inaptitude for
and comes in the province of Africa under Valen- literary pursuits; but, having entered the army,
tinian 111. In the early part of his career he was gradually rose to high military rank, and was in-
distinguished for his prompt administration of jus debted for much of his success in life to the singular
tice, and also for his activity against the barbarians, faculty which he possessed of being able to drink 10
as at Massilia in a. D. 413 against the Gothic king excess (bibit quantum hominum nemo) without be-
Ataulphus (Olymp. ap. Phot. p. 59, Bekk. ), and in coming intoxicated or losing his self-command.
422 against the Vandals in Spain. (Prosper. ) His Aurelian, resolving to take advantage of this na-
high character procured for him the friendship tural gift, kept him near his person, in order that
of Augustin, whom he consulted with regard to when ambassadors arrived from barbarian tribes,
enforcing the imperial laws against the Donatists, they might be tempted to deep potations by Bo-
and to scruples which he entertained against con- nosus, and so led to betray the secrets of their
tinuing military pursuits, and (on the death of mission. In pursuance of this plan, the emperor
his wife) eren against remaining in the world at caused him to wed Hunila, a damsel of the noblest
all. These scruples Augustin wisely allayed, only blood among the Goths, in hopes of gaining early
recommending to him resolutions, which he adopted, information of the schemes in agitation among her
of confining himself to defensive warfare against the kinsmen, which they were apt to divulge when
barbarians, and of leading a single life. (Augustin. under the influence of wine. How the husband-
Ep. 185, 189. ) (1. D. 417, 418. )
spy discharged his task we are not told; but we
The abandonment of this last resolution, in his find him at a subsequent period in the command of
second marriage with a rich Arian lady of the troops upon the Rhaetian frontier, and afterwards
name of Pelagia, seems to have exercised a perni- stationed on the Rhine. The Germans having
cious influence over his general character. Al succeeded in destroying certain Roman vessels in
though he so far maintained his own religious consequence of some carelessness or breach of duty
convictions as to insist on the previous conversion of on his part, in order to avoid immediate punish-
his wife, yet he so far gave them up as to allow his ment, he prevailed upon his soldiers to proclaim
child to receive Arian baptism; and as the first breach him emperor. After a long and severe struggle, he
of eren slight scruples may prepare a conscience was vanquished by Probus, and hanged himself.
naturally tender for the commission of actual crimes, The conqueror magnanimously spared his two sons
he is afterwards reported to have lived with concu- and pensioned his widow. No medals are extant
bines. (Augustin. I p. 220. ) (A. D. 424. ) Whilst in except those published by Goltzius, which are
the unsettled state consequent on this change of life, spurious. (Vopiscus, Vit. Bonos. ) [W. R. ]
## p. 501 (#521) ############################################
BOSTAR.
50!
BRACHYLLES.
BOOʻPIS (BOWTIs), an epithet commonly given that Bostor died of the treatment he received.
to Hera in the Homeric poems. It has been said, The cruelty of the family, however, excited so
that the goddess was thus designated in allusion to much odium at Rome, that the sons of Regulus
her having metamorphosed Io into a cow; but this thought it advisable to burn the body of Bostar,
opinion is contradicted by the fact, that other divi- and send his ashes to Carthage. This account of
nities too, such as Euryphaëssa (Hom. Hymn. in Diodorus, which, Niebuhr remarks, is probably
Sol. 2) and Pluto (Hesiod. Theog. 355), are men- taken from Philinus, must be regarded as of doubt-
tioned with the same epithet; and from this cir- ful authority. (Polyb. i. 30; Oros. ir. 8; Eutrop.
cumstance it must be inferred, that the poets meant ii. 21 ; Flor. ii. 2; Diod. Exc. xxxiv. ; Niebuhr,
to express by it nothing but the sublime and ma- Hist. of Rome, iii. p. 600. )
jestic character of those divinities. [L. S. ) 2. The Carthaginian commander of the merca-
BOʻREAS (Bopéas or Bopas), the North wind, nary troops in Sardinia, was, together with all the
was, according to Hesiod (Theog. 379), a son of Carthaginians with him, killed by these soldiers
Astraeus and Eos, and brother of Hesperus, Ze when they revolted in B. C. 240. (Polyb. i. 79. )
phyrus, and Notus. He dwelt in a cave of mount 3. A Carthaginian general, who was sent by
Haemus in Thrace. (Callim. Hymn. in Del. 63. ) Hasdrubal, the commander-in-chief of the Cartha-
He is mixed up with the early legends of Attica ginian forces in Spain, to prevent the Romans un-
in the story of his having carried off Oreithyia, der Scipio from crossing the Iberus in B. -c. 217.
the daughter of Erechtheus, by whom he begot But not daring to do this, Bostar fell back upon
Zetes, Calais, and Cleopatra, the wife of Phineus, Saguntum, where all the hostages were kept which
who are therefore called Boreades. (Ov. Met. vi. had been given to the Carthaginians by the diffe-
683, &c. ; Apollon. Rhod. i. 211; Apollod. iii. 15. rent states in Spain. Here he was persuaded by
$2; Paus. i. 19. $6. ) In the Persian war, Boreas Abelox, who had secretly gone over to the Ro-
shewed his friendly disposition towards the Athe- mans, to set these hostages at liberty, because such
nians by destroying the ships of the barbarians. an act would secure the affections of the Spanish
(Herod. vii. 189. ) He also assisted the Megalo people. But the hostages had no sooner left the
politans against the Spartans, for which he was city, than they were betrayed by Abelox into the
honoured at Megalopolis with annual festivals. hands of the Romans. For his simplicity on this
(Paus. viii. 36. $ 3. ) According to an Homeric occasion, Bostar was involved in great danger.
tradition (IL. XI. 223), Boreas begot twelve horses (Polyb. iii. 98, 99, Liv. xxii. 22. )
by the mares of Erichthonius, which is commonly 4. One of the ambassadors sent by Hannibal
explained as a mere figurative mode of expressing to Philip of Macedonia in B. c. 215. _The ship in
the extraordinary swiftness of those horses. On which they sailed was taken by the Romans, and
the chest of Cypselus he was represented in the the ambassadors themselves sent as prisoners to
act of carrying off Oreithyia, and here the place of Rome. (Liv. xxiii. 34. ) We are not told whether
his legs was occupied by tails of serpents. (Paus. they obtained their freedom; and consequently it
v. 19. & 1. ) Respecting the festivals of Boreas, is uncertain whether the Bostar who was governor
celebrated at Athens and other places, see Dict. of of Capua with Hanno, in 211, is the same as the
Ant. s. v. Bopeao uos.
(L. S. ] preceding. (Liv. xxvi. 5, 12; Appian, Anni). 43. )
BORMUS (B@puos or Bøpquos), a son of Upius, BO'TACHUS (Búraxos), a son of locritus and
a Mariandynian, was a youth distinguished for his grandson of Lycurgus, from whom the demos Bo-
extraordinary beauty. Once during the time of tachidae or Potachides at Tegea was believed to
harvest, when he went to a well to fetch water for bave derived its name. (Paus. viii. 45. § 1; Steph.
the reapers, he was drawn into the well by the Byz. s. v. Bwraxíðan. )
[L. S. ]
nymphs, and never appeared again. For this rea- BOTANIDES. (NICEPHORUS III. ]
bon, the country people in Bithynia celebrated his BOʻTRYAS (Botpúas), of Myndus, is one of
memory every year at the time of harvest with the writers whom Ptolemy, the son of Hephaestion
plaintive songs (Bapuol) with the accompaniment made use of in compiling his “ New History. ”
of their futes. (Athen. xiv. p. 620; Aeschyl. Pers. (Phot. p. 147, 2. , 21, ed. Bekker. )
941; Schol. ad Dionys. Perieg. 791; Pollux, iv. BOTRYS (Búrpus), a native of Messana in
54. )
[L. S.
] Sicily, was the inventor of the lascivious poems
BORUS (B@pos), two mythical personages, of called Talyvia. (Athen. vii. p. 322, a. ; Polyb. xii.
whom no particulars are related. (A pollod. iii
. 13. 13; Suidas, s. v. anuoxápns. )
$ 1; Paus. ii. 18. § 7. )
(L. S. ] BOTRYS (BbTpus), a Greek physician, who
BOSTAR (BOTwp, Polyb. iii. 98; Bwotapos, must have lived in or before the first century
Polyb. i. 30; Bodootwp, Diod. Exc. xxiv. ). 1. A after Christ. His writings are not now extant,
Carthaginian general, who, in conjunction with but they were used by Pliny for his Natural His-
Hamilcar and Hasdrubal, the son of Hanno, com- tory. (Ind. to H. N. xjii
. xiv. ) One of his pre-
manded the Carthaginian forces sent against M. Ati- scriptions is preserved by Galen. (De Compos. Me-
lius Regulus when he invaded Africa in B. c. 256. dicum. sec. Locos. iii. I. vol. xii. p. 640. ) (W. A. G. ]
Bostar and his colleagues were, however, quite in- BOTTHAEUS (Bordatós), is mentioned along
competent for their office. Instead of keeping to with Scylax of Caryanda by Marcianus of Hera-
the plains, where their cavalry and elephants would cleia (p. 63) as one of those who wrote a Periplus.
bave been formidable to the Romans, they retired to BRACHYLLES or BRACHYLLAS (Bpa-
the mountains, where these forces were of no use ; xúns, Bpaxúdas), was the son of Neon, a
and they were defeated, in consequence, near the Boeotian, who studiously courted the favour of the
town of Adis, with great slaughter. The generals, Macedonian king Antigonus Doson ; and accord-
we are told, were taken prisoners; and we learn ingly, when the latter took Sparta, B. c. 222, he
from Diodorus, that Bostar and Hamilcar were, entrusted to Brachyllas the government of the city.
after the death of Regulus, delivered up to his fa- | (Polyb. xx. 5 ; comp. ii. 70, v. 9, ix. 36. ) After
mily, who behaved to them with such barbarity, the death of Antigonus, B. c. 220, Brachy las con-
## p. 502 (#522) ############################################
502
BRASIDAS.
BRASIDAS.
tinued to attach himself to the interests of Mace- mosthenes from Pylos (425), he is described 18
donia under Philip V. , whom he attended in his running his galley ashore, and, in a gallant
conference with Flamininus at Nicaea in Locris, endeavour to land, to have fainted from his
B. C. 198. (Polyb. xvii. 1; Liv. xxxii. 32. ) At wounds, and falling back into the ship to have lost
the battle of Cynoscephalae, B. C. 197, he com- in the water his shield, which was afterwards found
manded the Boeotian troops in Philip's army; but, by the Atheninns and used in their trophy. Early
together with the rest of his countrymen who had in the following year we find him at the Isthmus
on that occasion fallen into the Roman power, he preparing for his expedition to Chalcidice ( 424), but
was sent home in safety by Flamininus, who suddenly called off from this by the danger of
wished to conciliate Boeotia. On his return he Megara, which but for his timely and skilful suc-
was elected Boeotarch, through the influence of the cour would no doubt have been lost to the enemy.
Macedonian party at Thebes ; in consequence of Shortly after, he set forth with an army of 700
which Zeuxippus, Peisistratus, and the other helots and 1000 mercenaries, arrived at Heraclein,
leaders of the Roman party, caused him to be and, by a rapid and dexterous march through the
assassinated as he was returning home one night | hostile country of Thessaly, effected a junction
from an entertainment, B. c. 196. Polybius tells with Perdiccas of Macedon. The events of his
us, what Livy omits to state, that Flamininus him- career in this field of action were (after a brief ex-
self was privy to the crime. (Polyb. xviii. 26 ; Liv. pedition against Arrhibaeus, a revolted vassal of
xxxi. 27, 28 ; comp. xxxv. 47, xxxvi. 6. ) [E. E. ] the king's) the acquisition, Ist. of Acanthus,
BRANCHUS (Bpáyxos), a son of Apollo or effected by a most politic exposition of his views
Smicrus of Delphi. His mother, a Milesian wo-(of which Thucydides gives us a representation),
man, dreamt at the time she gave birth to him, made before the popular assembly ; 2nd. of Sta-
that the sun was passing through her body, and geirus, its neighbour ; 3rd. of Amphipolis, the
the seers interpreted this as a favourable sign. most important of all the Athenian iributaries in
A pollo loved the boy Branchus for his great beauty, that part of the country, accomplished by a sudden
and endowed him with prophetic power, which he attack after the commencement of winter, and fol-
exercised at Didyma, near Miletus. Here he lowed by an unsuccessful attempt on Eïon, and
founded an oracle, of which his descendants, the by the accession of Myrcinus, Galepsus, Aesyme,
Branchidae, were the priests, and which was held and most of the towns in the peninsula of Athos ;
in great esteem, especially by the Ionians and 4th. the reduction of Torone, and expulsion of its
Aeolians. (Herod. i. 157 ; Strab. xiv. p. 634, xvii. Athenian garrison from the post of Lecythus. In
p. 814 ; Lutat. ad Stat. Theb. viü. 198; Conon, the following spring (423) we have the revolt of
Narrat. 33; Luc. Diah Deor. 2 ; comp. Dict. of Scione, falling a day or two after the ratification
Ant. s. v. Oraculum. )
of the truce agreed upon by the government at
BRANCUS, king of the Allobroges, had been homewa mischance which Brasidas scrupled not to
deprived of his kingdom by his younger brother, remedy by denying the fact, and not only retained
but was restored to it by Hannibal in B. c. 218. Scione, but even availed himself of the consequent
(Liv. xxi. 31. )
revolt of. Mende, on pretext of certain infringe-
BRANGAS (Bpárgas), a son of the Thracian ments on the other side. Next, a second expedi-
king Strymon, and brother of Rhessus and Olyn- tion with Perdiccas, against Arrhibaeus, resulting
thus. When the last of these three brothers had in a perilous but most ably-conducted retreat: the
been killed during the chase by a lion, Brangas loss, in the meantime, of Mende, recaptured by
buried him on the spot where he had fallen, and the new Athenian armament ; and in the winter
called the town which he subsequently built there an ineffectual attempton Potidaea.
In 422,
Olynthus. (Conon, Narrat. 4 ; Steph. Byz. 8. v. Brasidas with no reinforcements bad to oppose a
"Avv9os ; Athen. viii. p. 334, who calls Olynthus large body of the flower of the Athenian troops
a son of Heracles. )
(L. S. ) under Cleon. Torone and Galepsus were lost, but
BRA'SIDAS (Bpacidas), son of Tellis, the most Amphipolis was saved by a skilful sally,—the closing
distinguished Spartan in the first part of the Pelo-erent of the war,-in which the Athenians were
ponnesian war, signalized himself in its first year completely defeated and Cleon slain, and Brasidas
(B. C. 431) by throwing a hundred men into Methone, himself in the first moment of victory received his
while besieged by the Athenians in their first mortal wound.
ravage of the Peloponnesian coast.
For this ex- He was interred at Amphipolis, within the
ploit, which saved the place, he received, the first walls-an extraordinary honour in a Greek town
in the war, public commendation at Sparta ; and -with a magnificent funeral
, attended under arms
perhaps in consequence of this it is we find him in by all the allied forces. The tomb was railed off,
September appointed Ephor Eponymus. (Xen. and his memory honoured by the Amphipolitans,
Hel. ii. 3. § 10. ). His next employment (B. C. by yearly sacrifices offered to him there, as to a
429) is as one of the three counsellors sent to hero, and by games. (Paus. iii. 14. & 1 ; Aristot.
assist Cnemus, after his first defeat by Phormion ; Eth. Nic. v. 7 ; Dict. of Ant. s. v. Bpacideia. )
and his name is also mentioned after the second Regarding hini as their preserver, they trans-
defeat in the attempt to surprise the Peiraeeus, and ferred to him all the honours of a Founder
we may not improbably ascribe to him the attempt, hitherto paid to Hagnon. Pausanias mentions a
and its failure to his colleagues. In 427 he was cenotaph to him in Sparta, and we hear also
united in the same, but a subordinate, capacity, (Plut. Lysander, 1) of a treasury at Delphi,
with Alcidas, the new admiral, on his return bearing the inscription, “ Brasidas and the Acan-
from his Ionian voyage ; and accompanying him thians from the Athenians. Two or three of his
to Corcyra be was reported, Thucydides tells us, to sayings are recorded in Plutarch's Apophthegmatu
have vainly urged him to attack the city immedi Laconica, but none very characteristic. Thucy-
ately after their victory in the first engagement. dides gives three speeches in his name, the first
Next, as tricrarch in the attempt to dislodge De- and longest at Acanthus ; one to his forces in the
## p. 503 (#523) ############################################
BRENNUS.
503
BRENNUS.
retreat, perhaps the greatest of his exploits, from Little is known of him and his Gauls till they
Lyncestis ; and a third before the battle of Am- came into immediate contact with the Romans, and
phipolis. His own opinion of him seems to have even then traditionary legends bave very much ob-
been very high, and indeed we cannot well over- scured the facts of history.
estimate the services he rendered his country.
It is clear, however, that, after crossing the
Without his activity, even the utmost temerity in Apennines (Diod. xiv. 113; Liv. v. 36), Brennus
their opponents would hardly have brought Sparta out attacked Clusium, and unsuccessfully. The valley
of the contest without the utmost disgrace. He is of the Clanis was then open before him, leading
in fact the one redeeming point of the first ten down to the Tiber, where the river was fordable;
years ; and had his life and career been prolonged, and after crossing it he passed through the country
the war would perhaps have come to an earlier of the Sabines, and advanced along the Salarian
conclusion, and one more happy for all parties. road towards Rome.
