But if he have not the skill of the workman, and have but the reasoning power of a man, what saith he to
himself?
Augustine - Exposition on the Psalms - v6
He hath established them for the age, and for age ver.
6.
upon age.
All things in heaven, all things above, all powers
and angels, a certain city on high, good, holy, blessed;
from whence because we are wanderers, we are wretched ; whither because we are to return, we are blessed in hope; whither when we shall have returned, we shall be blessed indeed ; He hath established them for the age, and for age
upon age : He hath given them a law which shall not pass away. What sort of command, think ye, have things ia
422 Christ's Death a sure pledge
Psalm heaven and the holy angels received ? What sort of com- c^? 1' mand hath God given them ? What, but that they praise Him ? Blessed are they whose business is to praise God ! They plough not, they sow not, they grind not, they cook not;
for these are works of necessity, and there is no necessity there. They steal not, they plunder not, they commit no adultery ; for these are works of iniquity, and there is no iniquity there. They break not bread for the hungry, they clothe not the naked, they take not in the stranger, they visit not the sick, they set not at one the contentious, they bury not the dead ; for these are works of mercy, and there there is no misery, for mercy to be shewn to. O blessed they! Think we that we too shall be like this?
Ah ! let us sigh, let us groan in sighing. And what are we, that we should be there ? mortal, outcast, abject, earth and ashes ! But He, Who hath promised, is almighty. If we regard ourselves, what are we ? if we regard Him, He is God. He is almighty. Cannot He make of a man an angel, who made man out of nothing? Or doth God count man of little value, for whom He willed that His only-begotten Son should die ? Let us observe the proof of His love. These are the pledges which we have received of the promise of
God : we have already the Death of Christ, we have already the Blood of Christ. Who is it that did die ? The Only- begotten. For whom did He die ? Would that it were for the good, would that it were for the righteous. But what ?
Rom. 5, Christ, saith the Apostle, died for the ungodly. He Who '' gave to the ungodly His Death, what reserveth He for the righteous but His Life ? Let then frail man lift himself up, let him not despair, let him not dash himself down, let him not turn away, let him not say, ' I shall not be one. ' He Who hath promised is God ; and He came to promise ; He appeared unto men, He came to take upon Him our death,
to promise us His Life. He came to the region where we were strangers, here to receive all that aboundeth here, disgrace, scourges, buflettings, spitting in the face, insults, a crown of thorns, the hanging on the tree, the cross, death. These things abound in our region, these He came to barter for. What gave He here, what received He? He gave exhortation, He gave teaching, He gave remission
of our everlasting life.
423
of sins : He received insults, death, the cross. He brought Ver. to us, from the region where He was, good things; He 6'7' endured, in the region where we were, evil things. Yet
hath He provided to us that we shall be in the place from
John 17,
I will that where
/ am, there they may be with Me also. So great is the24'
whence He came, and saith, Father,
love that hath gone before. For where we were, He hath been with us; where He is, we shall be with Him. What
thee, O mortal ? That thou shalt live for ever. Dost not thou believe ? Believe it, believe it.
hath God promised
For greater is what He hath done already, than what He
What hath He done? He hath died for
hath promised.
thee. What hath He promised ? That thou shalt live with Him. More incredible is that the Immortal should
die, than that the mortal should live for ever. Already we have what the more incredible. If God died for man, shall not man live with God Shall not the mortal live for ever, for whom He, Who liveth for ever, died But how did God die and by what means did He die and
He might die for thee. Nought could die, save flesh nought could
can God die He took of thee that, whereby
He put on Him that wherein He might die for thee He will put on thee that wherein thou shalt live with Him. Where did He clothe himself with
death In the womb of His Virgin Mother. Where will He clothe thee with life In His equality with the Father.
Word made flesh, that He might become the Head of the14' Church. For the Word Himself not part of the Church but, that He might become the Head of the Church, He took upon Him flesh. Somewhat of us already above, that which He took here, where He died, where He was crucified. Already sort of first-fruits of thee are gone
before, and doubtest thou that thou wilt follow
9. Let him then turn himself to things on earth too, since
die, save mortal body
He chose for Himself here chaste
Bridegroom might be wedded to the Bride. He was the John
the praises of things in heaven. Praise ye the Lord from the earth. For wherewith began ver.
he before Praise ye the Lord from heaven and he went
he hath already spoken
through things in heaven
now hear of things on earth.
chamber, where the
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424 How the works of nature praise God.
Psalm Dragons and all abysses. Abysses are depths of water: all cxlvm. tlie seaS, and ty)is atmosphere of clouds, pertain to the abyss. Where there are clouds, where there are storms, where there is rain, lightning, thunder, hail, snow, and all that God willeth should be done above the earth, by this moist and all this he hath mentioned under the name of earth, because it is very changeable and mortal ; unless ye think that it raineth from above the stars. All
these things happen here, close to the earth. Sometimes even men are on the tops of mountains, and see the clouds beneath them, and often it raineth : and all commotions which arise from the disturbance of the atmosphere, those who watch carefully see that they happen here, in this lower part of the universe. Therefore the devil was condemned to these regions of darkness, that is, to this air, as to a prison, when he fell with his Angels from the force of the
Eph. 2, Angels above ; for the Apostle saith this of him, According to the prince of the power of this air, w ho now worketh in the children of disobedience. And another Apostle saith,
2Pet. 2, For if God spared not the Angels that sinned, but cast *' them down to the prisons of lower darkness, and delivered
them to be kept for punishment at the judgment ; caIling this region the 'lower, because it is the lower part of creation. For think not what the devil received, but what he lost. Thou seest then what kind all these things are, changeable, troublous, fearful, corruptible: yet they have their place, they have their rank, they too in their degree fill up the beauty of the universe, and so they praise the Lord. He turns then to them, as though He would exhort them too, or us, that by considering them we may praise the Lord :
(for thus is it that they praise God, when the consideration of them begetteth praise of God;) he beginneth to say, Praise the Lord from earth, ye dragons and all abysses. Dragons live about the water, come out from caverns, fly through the air ; the air is set in motion by them : dragons are a huge kind of living creatures, greater there are not upon the earth. Therefore with them he beginneth, Dragons and all abysses. There are caves of hidden waters, whence springs and streams come forth : some come forth to flow over the earth, some flow secretly beneath ; and all this kind, all this
misty atmosphere,
1 infer-
The folly of cavillers at God's dealings. 425
damp nature of waters, together with the sea and this lower Ver. air, are called abyss, or abysses, where dragons live and ------ praise God. What? Think we that the dragons form
choirs, and praise God ? Far from it. But do ye, when ye
consider the dragons, regard the Maker of the dragon, the Creator of the dragon : then, when ye admire the dragons, and say, 'Great is the Lord Who made these,' then the dragons praise God by your voices. Dragons and all
abysses.
10. Fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storms, which do His^er. s.
word. Wherefore added he here, which do His word? Many foolish men, unable to contemplate and discern creation, in its several places and rank, performing its move ments at the nod and commandment of God, think that
God doth indeed rule all things above, but things below He despisefh, casteth aside, abandoneth, so that He neither careth for them, nor guideth, nor ruleth them ; but that they are ruled by chance, how they can, as they can : and they are influenced by what they say sometimes to one another, (but let them not say it to thee, that is, do not thou by listening consent when they say these things : for they are
and accursed in the sight of God:) for in stance ; ' If it were God that gave rain, would He rain into
the sea? What sort of Providence,' they say, 'is this? Getulia is thirsty, and it rains into the sea. ' They think that
they handle the matter cleverly: one should say to them,
' Getulia does at all events thirst, thou dost not even thirst. '
For good were it for thee to say to God, My soul is as a ps. 143, land without water to Thee: as is openly said in another6, place, My soul hath thirsted for Thee, in how many ways p>>. 63,l.
blasphemers,
for Thee my flesh also. And the Lord saith in the Gospel, Blessed are they that do hunger and thirst after righteous- Matt. 5,
ness, for they shall be filled. For he that thus argueth is6' already satisfied ; he thinketh himself learned, he is not willing to learn, therefore he thirsteth not. For if he thirsted, he would be willing to learn, and he would find that every thing happeneth upon earth by God's Providence, and he would wonder at the arrangement of even the limbs of a flea. Attend, beloved. Who hath arranged the limbs of a flea and a gnat, that they should have their proper order,
426 God's creation harmonious,
Psalm life, motion ? Consider one little creature, even the very c*lVm- smallest, whatever thou wilt. If thou considerest the order of its limbs, and the animation of life whereby it moveth ; how doth it shun death, love life, seek pleasures, avoid pain, exert divers senses, vigorously use movements suitable to itself! Who gave its sting to the gnat, for it to suck
blood with ? How narrow is the pipe whereby it sucketh ! Who arranged all this? who made all this? Thou art amazed at the smallest things; praise Him that is great. Hold then this, my brethren, let none shake you from your faith or from sound doctrine. He Who made the Angel in heaven, the Same also made the worm upon earth : the Angel in heaven to dwell in heaven, the worm upon earth to abide on earth. He made not the Angel to creep in the mud, nor the worm to move in heaven. He hath assigned dwellers to their different abodes ; incorruption He assigned
to incorruptible abodes, corruptible things to corruptible abodes. Observe the whole, praise the whole. He then Who ordered the limbs of the worm, doth He not govern the clouds ? And wherefore raineth He into the sea ? As though there are not in the sea things which are nourished by rain ; as though He made not fishes therein, as though He made not living creatures therein. Observe how the fishes run to sweet water. And wherefore, saith he, doth
He give rain to the fishes, and sometimes giveth not rain to me ? That thou mayest consider that thou art in a desert region, and in a pilgrimage of life ; that so this present life may grow bitter to thee, that thou mayest long for the life to come : or else that thou mayest be scourged, punished, amended. And how well doth He assign their properties
to regions. Behold, since we have spoken of Getulia, He raineth here nearly every year, and giveth corn every year ; here the corn cannot be kept, it soon rotteth, because it is given every year; there, because it is given seldom, both much is given, and it can be kept for long. But dost thou perchance think that God there deserteth man, or that they do not there after their own manner of rejoicing both praise and glorify God ? Take a Getulian from his country, and set him amid our pleasant trees ; he will wish to flee awav, and return to his bare Getulia. To all places then, regions,
and obeys His Will. 427 seasons, God hath assigned and arranged what fits them. Ver.
And it were a long task to go through a more accurate --- enumeration of all these matters. Who could unfold it?
Yet they who have eyes see many things therein : when seen, they please ; pleasing, they are praised ; not they really, but He Who made them ; thus shall all things praise God.
-
11. It was in thought of this that the spirit of the Prophet,
after he had said, Fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storm,
added, because all these seem to some foolish persons to be
all confusion, and, as it were, moved hither and thither by chance, the words, which do His word. Think not then
that these things are moved by chance, which in every motion of theirs obey God. Whither God willeth, thither
the fire spreads, thither the cloud hurries, whether it carry
in it rain, or snow, or hail. And wherefore doth the light
ning sometimes strike the mountain, yet strikes not the
robber ? I will say what I can, according to the capacity
of my mind, so much as God deigneth to give me : greater
men may know greater things, and understand more, and
may God give to you to be wiser than my words, only let it
be with moderation, without pride. I then, in my measure,
can give a reason why it strikes the mountain and strikes
not the robber; because perhaps He yet seeketh the robber's conversion, and therefore is the mountain which
feareth not smitten, that the man who feareth may be changed. Thou also sometimes, when maintaining discipline,
smitest the ground to terrify a child. Sometimes too He smiteth a man, whom He will. But thou sayest to me, Behold, He smiteth the more innocent, and passeth over
the more guilty. Wonder not; death, whencesoever it
come, is good to the good man. And whence dost thou
know what punishment is reserved in secret for that more
guilty man, if he be unwilling to be converted ? Would
not they rather be scorched by lightning, to whom it shall
be said in the end, Depart into everlasting fire ? The Mat. 25, needful thing is, that thou be guileless. Why so ? Is it an41,
evil thing to die by shipwreck, and a good thing to die by fever? Whether he die in this way or in that, ask what sort of man he is who dieth ; ask whither he will go after
428 God's Works good, though man cannot see how.
Psalm death, not how he is to depart from life. We shall depart cixviii. fron] nence 0y whatever may befall us. By what deaths
were the martyrs thought worthy to die ? Was it by fevers ? How is it that many wish to be set free by fever? Some perished by a single blow of the sword, some by fire, some by wild beasts. Wild beasts devoured the bodies of the martyrs, yet feared they not that their bodies would perish. For God will bring back from all quarters the bodies of
Mat. 10, the saints, God by Whom the very hairs of our head are J"' numbered. When He willed too, He delivered the Three 2 Mace. Children from the fire. Did He therefore desert the Macca-
'bees in the fire? The former He openly set free, the latter He secretly crowned. God then knoweth what He doeth. Do thou fear, and be good. For whatsoever way He will that thou depart hence, let Him find thee ready. For here thou art a sojourner, not a possessor of the house. For the house is let to thee, this house is let to thee, not given : loth though thou be, thou must depart from it: neither hast thou received it on such terms, as that thou hast any fixed time. What said thy Lord ? ' Whensoever I will, when soever I shall say, Depart, be thou ready. I drive thee from thy lodging, but I will give thee a home: thou art a sojourner on earth, thou shalt be possessor in heaven. '
12. Whatever then happeneth here contrary to our wish, thou wilt know that it happeneth not, save by the will of God, by His providence, by His ordering, by His nod, by His laws: and if we understand not why any thing is done, let us grant to His providence that it is not done without reason : so shall we not be blasphemers. For when we begin to argue concerning the works of God, ' why is this? ' ' why is that? ' and, ' He ought not to have done this,' ' He did this ill ;' where is the praise of God f Thou hast lost thy Halleluia. Regard all things in such wise as to please God and praise the Creator. For if thou wert to happen to enter the workshop of a smith, thou wouldest not dare to find fault with his bellows, his anvils, his hammers. But take an ignorant man, who knows not for what purpose each thing is, and he findeth fault with all.
But if he have not the skill of the workman, and have but the reasoning power of a man, what saith he to himself?
All creation praises by our voice. 429
Not without reason are the bellows placed here: the Ver.
--
13. Then he mentioneth, that they may praise the Lord, ver. 9. mountains and hills, fruitful trees and all cedars: beasts10' and all cattle, creeping things, and winged fowls. Then
he goeth to men; kings of the earth and all people, princes ver. 11. and all judges of the earth ; young men and maidens, old 12, men and young, let them praise the Name of the Lord. Ended is the praise from heaven, ended is the praise from
earth.
14. For His Name only is exalted. Let no man seek ver. 15*
to exalt his own name. Wilt thou be exalted ? Subject thyself to Him Who cannot be humbled. His Name only is exalted.
15. His confession is in earth and heaven. What is,
His confession is in earth and heaven ? Is it the confession wherewith He confesseth ? No, but that whereby all things
confess Him, all things cry aloud : the beauty of all things
is in a manner their voice, whereby they praise God. The
heaven crieth out to God, 'Thou madest me, not I myself. '
Earth crieth out, ' Thou createdst me, not I myself. ' How
do they cry out? When thou regardest them, and findest
this out, they cry out by thy voice, they cry out by thy regard. His confession is in earth and heaven. Regard
the heavens, it is beautiful : observe the earth, it is beau
tiful : both together are very beautiful. He made them,
He ruleth them, by His nod they are swayed, He ordereth
their seasons, He reneweth their movements, by Himself
He reneweth them. All these things then praise Him, whether in stillness or in motion, whether from earth below
or from heaven above, whether in their old state or in their renewal. When thou seest all these things, and rejoicest,
aiid art lifted up to the Maker, and gazest on His invisible Rom. l, things understood by the things which are made, His con- 20,
workman knoweth wherefore, though [ know not. In the shop he dareth not to find fault with the smith, yet in the universe he dareth to find fault with God. Therefore just as fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storms, which do His word, so all things in nature, which seem to foolish persons to be made at random, simply do His word, because they are not made save by His command.
430 The Christian's true life hidden now,
Psalm fession is in earth and heaven : that is, thou confesses! cxlvm, to Him from lningS on earth, thou confessest to Him from things in heaven. And since He made all things, and nought is better than He, whatsoever He made is less than He, and whatsoever in these things pleaseth thee, is less than He. Let not then what He hath made so please thee, as to withdraw thee from Him Who made: if thou lovest what He made, love much more Him Who made. If the things which He hath made are beautiful, how much more beautiful is He Who made them: His confession is in earth
vit. 14.
and heaven.
16. And He shall exalt the horn of His people. Behold
what Haggai and Zachariah prophesied. Now the horn of His people is humble in afflictions, in tribulations, in
in beating of the breast ; when will He exalt the horn of His people? When the Lord hath come, and our Sun is risen, not the sun which is seen with the eye,
temptations,
Matt. 5, and riseth upon the good and the evil, but That Whereof 4 is said, To you that fear God, the Sun of Righteousness shall
rise, and healing in His wings ; and of Whom the proud
2'
Wiad. 5, and wicked shall hereafter say, The light of righteousness
hath not shined unto us, and the sun of righteousness rose not upon us. This shall be our summer. Now during the winter weather the fruits appear not on the stock ; thou observest, so to say, dead trees during the winter. He who cannot see truly, thinketh the vine dead ; perhaps there is one near which really dead; both are alike during winter; the one alive, the other dead, but both the life and death are hidden summer advanceth then the life of the one shineth brightly, the death of the other manifested the splendour of leaves, the abundance of fruit, cometh
forth, the vine clothed in outward appearance from what hath in its stock. Therefore, brethren, now we are the same as other men just as they are born, eat, drink,
are clothed, pass their life, so also do the saints. Sometimes the very truth deceiveth men, and they say, Lo, he hath begun to be Christian: hath he lost his headache? ' or, 'because he a Christian, what gaineth he from me? '
dead vine, thou observest near thee vine that bare indeed in winter, yet not dead. Summer will come, the Lord
O it
is a
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is
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is
is
a
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; is
is
:
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it,
but to be manifested at Christ's coming. 431
will come, our Splendour, that was hidden in the stock, Ver. and then He shall exalt the horn of His people, after the ---- captivity wherein we live in this mortal life. Wherefore the Apostle saith, Judge nothing before the time, till the Lord i Cor. 4, come, Who shall bring to light the hidden things of dark- 5-
ness, and then shall every one have praise of God. But
thou sayest unto me, Where is my stock? where is my fruit?
If thou believest, thou knowest where thy root is. For it is there, where thy faith is, where thy hope and charity are. Hear the Apostle; For ye are dead. In the winter they Col. 3, seemed to be dead; hear that they are alive: and your life3'4'
is hid with Christ in God. There is where thou hast thy root. When then shalt thou be adorned with splendour? when shalt thou be made abundant with fruit? Hear how he goeth on : When Christ, Who is your Life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with Him in glory. And He shall exalt the horn of His people.
17. An hymn to all His Saints. Know ye what an hymn
is ?
and singest not, thou utterest no hymn : if thou singest
and praisest not God, thou utterest no hymn : if thou praisest ought else, which pertaineth not to the praise of
God, although thou singest and praisest, thou utterest no hymn. An hymn then containeth these three things, song,
and praise, and that of God. Praise then of God in song is called an hymn. What then meaneth, An hymn to all His Saints? Let His Saints receive an hymn: let His Saints
utter an hymn: for this is what they are to receive in the
end, an everlasting hymn. Therefore in another place a Psalm saith, The sacrifice of praise shall glorify Me, and Ps. eo,
I will shew him My salvation. 23' And again, Blessed are they that dwell in Thy house, they ps. 84,
there is the way wherein
will praise Thee for ever and ever. This is the meaning of, 4' An hymn to all His Saints. Who are His Saints ? To the sons of Israel, to the people that draweth nigh unto Him. Let none say, I am not a son of Israel. Think not that the Jews are sons of Israel, and that we are not sons of Israel: I dare to say to you, brethren, that they are not sons, and we are. 1 will tell you why : because greater is he that is born after the Spirit, than he that is born after
-
It is a song with praise of God. If thou praisest God
432 Christians the true sons of Israel.
Psalm the flesh. Whose son was Israel ? Abraham's : for Isaac cilvin. was Abraham's sod, and Israel Isaac's. And how did Abraham please God ? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. Whosoever imitaleth
Abraham is a son of Abraham : whosoever hath degenerated from the faith of Abraham, hath lost the stock of Abraham. The Jews have degenerated, and have lost the stock; we have imitated, and have found it. I will shew that they have lost it: what saith the Lord to them when they say,
John 8, we are the s0lis of Abraham ? They dared to boast them selves, to hold up their head on the nobility of their
John 8, righteous descent : and what saith the Lord to them ? If ye were sons of Abraham, ye would do the deeds of Abraham. If then they lost the being sons of Abraham, we have found the being sons of Abraham. We, that is, by believing have found, what they by not believing have lost. For Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness : and Christ is the seed of Abraham, and we are in Christ ; and of Israel is the people, of which people was Mary,
of which Mary was Christ, in Which Christ we are : there fore we are sons of Israel. And what hath he added, in order to distinguish us? To the sons of Israel, to the people that draweth nigh unto Him. Observe the Jews: if they draw nigh, they are they. 'And perhaps they do draw nigh,' saith some one to me : they also daily sing their Psalm, they sing hymns to God. Hear ye not what the Prophet said unto them ? This people honoureth Me with their lips, but their heart is far from Me. If their heart is far, yet our heart is most nigh, because we believe, because we hope, because we love, because we are joined to Christ, because we have been made His members. Are the members far from the head ?
Gal. 3, ? '
Is. 29, ,3.
would you always, even unto the consummation of the aye. If they were
Mat. 28 be severed: He would not say, Lo, 20'
am with
Acts9,4. severed, He would not cry from heaven, Saul, Saul, why perseIcutest thou Me ? If He were not in us, He would not
uus an hungered, and ye gave me meat. Then when 35. <fco. they said to Him, When saw we Thee an hungered? He answered, Forasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the
Mat. 25, say,
least of Mine, ye have done it unto Me. Behold the people,
If Iwere afar they
they
The New Testament a ' new song. ' 433
behold Israel that draweth nigh : they draw nigh now in Ver. hope ; hereafter they shall in reality. --'--
PSALM CXLIX. Lat. CxlIZ.
EXPOSITION.
Sermon to the People.
1. Let us praise the Lord both in voice, and in under standing, and in good works; and, as this Psalm exhort eth,
let us sing unto Him a new song.
Sing ye to the Lord a new song.
song, the new man a new song.
old song, the New Testament a new song. In the Old Testament are temporal and earthly promises. Whoso loveth earthly things singeth an old song: let him that desireth to sing a new song, love the things of eternity.
Love itself is new and eternal ; therefore is it ever new, because it never groweth old. For if thou consider well,
this is old. How then is it new ? Is it so, my brethren, that everlasting life is but lately born ? Christ Himself is everlasting
life, and as touching His Godhead, He is not lately born;
for, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was John 1, with God, and the Word was God: the Same was in thei,&c'
beginning with God. All things were made by Him, and without Him was nothing made. If the things which were made by Him are old, what is He by Whom they were made? What, but everlasting, and coeternal with the Father ? But we have sunk into sin ; we have reached old age. For those are our words in the Psalm, /
have grown ps. old among all mine enemies. Man grew old by sin ; he is renewed by grace. All then who are renewed in Christ,
6,7.
that they may begin to appertain unto everlasting life, sing a new song.
2. And this song is of peace, this song is of charity. Whoso severeth himself from the union of the saints, singeth not a new song; for he hath followed old strife, not new charity. In new charity what is there? Peace, the bond of an holy society, a spiritual union, a building of living
vol. vr. f f
For thus it beginneth : The old man hath an old The Old Testament is an
434 The ' new song,' Catholic :
Psalm stones.
Fs^T
Where is this? Not in one place, but throughout w^o^e world. This is said in another Psalm, Sing unto
the Lord a new song, sing unto the Lord all the earth. From this is understood, that he who singeth not with the whole earth, singeth an old song, whatever words proceed out of his mouth. For why should I care to hear what he saith, when I know what he thinketh ? Sayest thou, canst thou see what he thinketh ? Yes, his deeds de clare it. For the eye penetrateth not into the conscience. I observe what he doeth, and therein I understand what he
thinketh. For neither if any one, for instance, taketh another in the act of theft, or homicide, or adultery, doth he see his thoughts in his heart, but in his deeds? There are some things which lie hid within ; but there are many also which come forth into works, and are manifest even to men. Although then they who severed themselves from the bond of the love of Christ, and the society of the holy Church, were inwardly in themselves evil, yet none knew
save God. The time came He severed them, and so made manifest to men what God alone had known before. For the fruit not shewn, save in deeds. Wherefore
said, their fruits ye shall know them. For the Lord said to some who clothe themselves in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravening wolves: lest human frailty should perhaps be unable to distinguish the wolf under the sheep's skin, He saith, By their fruits ye shall know them. We seek the fruits of love, we find the thorns of dissension. By their fruits ye shall know them. Their song then
an old one, let us sing new song. We have already said, brethren, that all the earth singeth a new song. He who singeth not with the whole earth new song, let him sing what he will, let his tongue sound forth Halleluia, let him utter all day and all night, my ears are not so much bent to hear the voice of the singer, but seek the deeds of the actor. For ask, and say, What that thou singest He answereth, Halleluia. ' What is, 'Hal-
leluia Praise ye the Lord. ' Come, let us praise the Lord together. If thou praisest the Lord, and praise the Lord, why are we at variance Charity praiseth the Lord, discord blasphemeth the Lord.
Matt.
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it,
is
not sung by Schismatics. 435
3. And now would ye know where ye may sing a new Ver.
:--
song ? See how and where all that he is about to mention in this Psalm is done, whether it be in any one part of the world ; so shall ye more fully understand to whom the new song appertaineth. That then is clear which I have quoted from another Psalm, Sing ye to the Lord a new song : and to shew that in this new song is the fruit of charity and unity, he added, Sing unto the Lord, all the earth. Let none sever himself, let none disunite himself: thou art wheat, bear with the chaff till the winnowing. Dost thou
wish to be put forth from the floor ?
and angels, a certain city on high, good, holy, blessed;
from whence because we are wanderers, we are wretched ; whither because we are to return, we are blessed in hope; whither when we shall have returned, we shall be blessed indeed ; He hath established them for the age, and for age
upon age : He hath given them a law which shall not pass away. What sort of command, think ye, have things ia
422 Christ's Death a sure pledge
Psalm heaven and the holy angels received ? What sort of com- c^? 1' mand hath God given them ? What, but that they praise Him ? Blessed are they whose business is to praise God ! They plough not, they sow not, they grind not, they cook not;
for these are works of necessity, and there is no necessity there. They steal not, they plunder not, they commit no adultery ; for these are works of iniquity, and there is no iniquity there. They break not bread for the hungry, they clothe not the naked, they take not in the stranger, they visit not the sick, they set not at one the contentious, they bury not the dead ; for these are works of mercy, and there there is no misery, for mercy to be shewn to. O blessed they! Think we that we too shall be like this?
Ah ! let us sigh, let us groan in sighing. And what are we, that we should be there ? mortal, outcast, abject, earth and ashes ! But He, Who hath promised, is almighty. If we regard ourselves, what are we ? if we regard Him, He is God. He is almighty. Cannot He make of a man an angel, who made man out of nothing? Or doth God count man of little value, for whom He willed that His only-begotten Son should die ? Let us observe the proof of His love. These are the pledges which we have received of the promise of
God : we have already the Death of Christ, we have already the Blood of Christ. Who is it that did die ? The Only- begotten. For whom did He die ? Would that it were for the good, would that it were for the righteous. But what ?
Rom. 5, Christ, saith the Apostle, died for the ungodly. He Who '' gave to the ungodly His Death, what reserveth He for the righteous but His Life ? Let then frail man lift himself up, let him not despair, let him not dash himself down, let him not turn away, let him not say, ' I shall not be one. ' He Who hath promised is God ; and He came to promise ; He appeared unto men, He came to take upon Him our death,
to promise us His Life. He came to the region where we were strangers, here to receive all that aboundeth here, disgrace, scourges, buflettings, spitting in the face, insults, a crown of thorns, the hanging on the tree, the cross, death. These things abound in our region, these He came to barter for. What gave He here, what received He? He gave exhortation, He gave teaching, He gave remission
of our everlasting life.
423
of sins : He received insults, death, the cross. He brought Ver. to us, from the region where He was, good things; He 6'7' endured, in the region where we were, evil things. Yet
hath He provided to us that we shall be in the place from
John 17,
I will that where
/ am, there they may be with Me also. So great is the24'
whence He came, and saith, Father,
love that hath gone before. For where we were, He hath been with us; where He is, we shall be with Him. What
thee, O mortal ? That thou shalt live for ever. Dost not thou believe ? Believe it, believe it.
hath God promised
For greater is what He hath done already, than what He
What hath He done? He hath died for
hath promised.
thee. What hath He promised ? That thou shalt live with Him. More incredible is that the Immortal should
die, than that the mortal should live for ever. Already we have what the more incredible. If God died for man, shall not man live with God Shall not the mortal live for ever, for whom He, Who liveth for ever, died But how did God die and by what means did He die and
He might die for thee. Nought could die, save flesh nought could
can God die He took of thee that, whereby
He put on Him that wherein He might die for thee He will put on thee that wherein thou shalt live with Him. Where did He clothe himself with
death In the womb of His Virgin Mother. Where will He clothe thee with life In His equality with the Father.
Word made flesh, that He might become the Head of the14' Church. For the Word Himself not part of the Church but, that He might become the Head of the Church, He took upon Him flesh. Somewhat of us already above, that which He took here, where He died, where He was crucified. Already sort of first-fruits of thee are gone
before, and doubtest thou that thou wilt follow
9. Let him then turn himself to things on earth too, since
die, save mortal body
He chose for Himself here chaste
Bridegroom might be wedded to the Bride. He was the John
the praises of things in heaven. Praise ye the Lord from the earth. For wherewith began ver.
he before Praise ye the Lord from heaven and he went
he hath already spoken
through things in heaven
now hear of things on earth.
chamber, where the
:
?
a
?
is ?
:
7.
l.
a
;
:
is ?
:
a is
?
it,
:
?
?
? ?
424 How the works of nature praise God.
Psalm Dragons and all abysses. Abysses are depths of water: all cxlvm. tlie seaS, and ty)is atmosphere of clouds, pertain to the abyss. Where there are clouds, where there are storms, where there is rain, lightning, thunder, hail, snow, and all that God willeth should be done above the earth, by this moist and all this he hath mentioned under the name of earth, because it is very changeable and mortal ; unless ye think that it raineth from above the stars. All
these things happen here, close to the earth. Sometimes even men are on the tops of mountains, and see the clouds beneath them, and often it raineth : and all commotions which arise from the disturbance of the atmosphere, those who watch carefully see that they happen here, in this lower part of the universe. Therefore the devil was condemned to these regions of darkness, that is, to this air, as to a prison, when he fell with his Angels from the force of the
Eph. 2, Angels above ; for the Apostle saith this of him, According to the prince of the power of this air, w ho now worketh in the children of disobedience. And another Apostle saith,
2Pet. 2, For if God spared not the Angels that sinned, but cast *' them down to the prisons of lower darkness, and delivered
them to be kept for punishment at the judgment ; caIling this region the 'lower, because it is the lower part of creation. For think not what the devil received, but what he lost. Thou seest then what kind all these things are, changeable, troublous, fearful, corruptible: yet they have their place, they have their rank, they too in their degree fill up the beauty of the universe, and so they praise the Lord. He turns then to them, as though He would exhort them too, or us, that by considering them we may praise the Lord :
(for thus is it that they praise God, when the consideration of them begetteth praise of God;) he beginneth to say, Praise the Lord from earth, ye dragons and all abysses. Dragons live about the water, come out from caverns, fly through the air ; the air is set in motion by them : dragons are a huge kind of living creatures, greater there are not upon the earth. Therefore with them he beginneth, Dragons and all abysses. There are caves of hidden waters, whence springs and streams come forth : some come forth to flow over the earth, some flow secretly beneath ; and all this kind, all this
misty atmosphere,
1 infer-
The folly of cavillers at God's dealings. 425
damp nature of waters, together with the sea and this lower Ver. air, are called abyss, or abysses, where dragons live and ------ praise God. What? Think we that the dragons form
choirs, and praise God ? Far from it. But do ye, when ye
consider the dragons, regard the Maker of the dragon, the Creator of the dragon : then, when ye admire the dragons, and say, 'Great is the Lord Who made these,' then the dragons praise God by your voices. Dragons and all
abysses.
10. Fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storms, which do His^er. s.
word. Wherefore added he here, which do His word? Many foolish men, unable to contemplate and discern creation, in its several places and rank, performing its move ments at the nod and commandment of God, think that
God doth indeed rule all things above, but things below He despisefh, casteth aside, abandoneth, so that He neither careth for them, nor guideth, nor ruleth them ; but that they are ruled by chance, how they can, as they can : and they are influenced by what they say sometimes to one another, (but let them not say it to thee, that is, do not thou by listening consent when they say these things : for they are
and accursed in the sight of God:) for in stance ; ' If it were God that gave rain, would He rain into
the sea? What sort of Providence,' they say, 'is this? Getulia is thirsty, and it rains into the sea. ' They think that
they handle the matter cleverly: one should say to them,
' Getulia does at all events thirst, thou dost not even thirst. '
For good were it for thee to say to God, My soul is as a ps. 143, land without water to Thee: as is openly said in another6, place, My soul hath thirsted for Thee, in how many ways p>>. 63,l.
blasphemers,
for Thee my flesh also. And the Lord saith in the Gospel, Blessed are they that do hunger and thirst after righteous- Matt. 5,
ness, for they shall be filled. For he that thus argueth is6' already satisfied ; he thinketh himself learned, he is not willing to learn, therefore he thirsteth not. For if he thirsted, he would be willing to learn, and he would find that every thing happeneth upon earth by God's Providence, and he would wonder at the arrangement of even the limbs of a flea. Attend, beloved. Who hath arranged the limbs of a flea and a gnat, that they should have their proper order,
426 God's creation harmonious,
Psalm life, motion ? Consider one little creature, even the very c*lVm- smallest, whatever thou wilt. If thou considerest the order of its limbs, and the animation of life whereby it moveth ; how doth it shun death, love life, seek pleasures, avoid pain, exert divers senses, vigorously use movements suitable to itself! Who gave its sting to the gnat, for it to suck
blood with ? How narrow is the pipe whereby it sucketh ! Who arranged all this? who made all this? Thou art amazed at the smallest things; praise Him that is great. Hold then this, my brethren, let none shake you from your faith or from sound doctrine. He Who made the Angel in heaven, the Same also made the worm upon earth : the Angel in heaven to dwell in heaven, the worm upon earth to abide on earth. He made not the Angel to creep in the mud, nor the worm to move in heaven. He hath assigned dwellers to their different abodes ; incorruption He assigned
to incorruptible abodes, corruptible things to corruptible abodes. Observe the whole, praise the whole. He then Who ordered the limbs of the worm, doth He not govern the clouds ? And wherefore raineth He into the sea ? As though there are not in the sea things which are nourished by rain ; as though He made not fishes therein, as though He made not living creatures therein. Observe how the fishes run to sweet water. And wherefore, saith he, doth
He give rain to the fishes, and sometimes giveth not rain to me ? That thou mayest consider that thou art in a desert region, and in a pilgrimage of life ; that so this present life may grow bitter to thee, that thou mayest long for the life to come : or else that thou mayest be scourged, punished, amended. And how well doth He assign their properties
to regions. Behold, since we have spoken of Getulia, He raineth here nearly every year, and giveth corn every year ; here the corn cannot be kept, it soon rotteth, because it is given every year; there, because it is given seldom, both much is given, and it can be kept for long. But dost thou perchance think that God there deserteth man, or that they do not there after their own manner of rejoicing both praise and glorify God ? Take a Getulian from his country, and set him amid our pleasant trees ; he will wish to flee awav, and return to his bare Getulia. To all places then, regions,
and obeys His Will. 427 seasons, God hath assigned and arranged what fits them. Ver.
And it were a long task to go through a more accurate --- enumeration of all these matters. Who could unfold it?
Yet they who have eyes see many things therein : when seen, they please ; pleasing, they are praised ; not they really, but He Who made them ; thus shall all things praise God.
-
11. It was in thought of this that the spirit of the Prophet,
after he had said, Fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storm,
added, because all these seem to some foolish persons to be
all confusion, and, as it were, moved hither and thither by chance, the words, which do His word. Think not then
that these things are moved by chance, which in every motion of theirs obey God. Whither God willeth, thither
the fire spreads, thither the cloud hurries, whether it carry
in it rain, or snow, or hail. And wherefore doth the light
ning sometimes strike the mountain, yet strikes not the
robber ? I will say what I can, according to the capacity
of my mind, so much as God deigneth to give me : greater
men may know greater things, and understand more, and
may God give to you to be wiser than my words, only let it
be with moderation, without pride. I then, in my measure,
can give a reason why it strikes the mountain and strikes
not the robber; because perhaps He yet seeketh the robber's conversion, and therefore is the mountain which
feareth not smitten, that the man who feareth may be changed. Thou also sometimes, when maintaining discipline,
smitest the ground to terrify a child. Sometimes too He smiteth a man, whom He will. But thou sayest to me, Behold, He smiteth the more innocent, and passeth over
the more guilty. Wonder not; death, whencesoever it
come, is good to the good man. And whence dost thou
know what punishment is reserved in secret for that more
guilty man, if he be unwilling to be converted ? Would
not they rather be scorched by lightning, to whom it shall
be said in the end, Depart into everlasting fire ? The Mat. 25, needful thing is, that thou be guileless. Why so ? Is it an41,
evil thing to die by shipwreck, and a good thing to die by fever? Whether he die in this way or in that, ask what sort of man he is who dieth ; ask whither he will go after
428 God's Works good, though man cannot see how.
Psalm death, not how he is to depart from life. We shall depart cixviii. fron] nence 0y whatever may befall us. By what deaths
were the martyrs thought worthy to die ? Was it by fevers ? How is it that many wish to be set free by fever? Some perished by a single blow of the sword, some by fire, some by wild beasts. Wild beasts devoured the bodies of the martyrs, yet feared they not that their bodies would perish. For God will bring back from all quarters the bodies of
Mat. 10, the saints, God by Whom the very hairs of our head are J"' numbered. When He willed too, He delivered the Three 2 Mace. Children from the fire. Did He therefore desert the Macca-
'bees in the fire? The former He openly set free, the latter He secretly crowned. God then knoweth what He doeth. Do thou fear, and be good. For whatsoever way He will that thou depart hence, let Him find thee ready. For here thou art a sojourner, not a possessor of the house. For the house is let to thee, this house is let to thee, not given : loth though thou be, thou must depart from it: neither hast thou received it on such terms, as that thou hast any fixed time. What said thy Lord ? ' Whensoever I will, when soever I shall say, Depart, be thou ready. I drive thee from thy lodging, but I will give thee a home: thou art a sojourner on earth, thou shalt be possessor in heaven. '
12. Whatever then happeneth here contrary to our wish, thou wilt know that it happeneth not, save by the will of God, by His providence, by His ordering, by His nod, by His laws: and if we understand not why any thing is done, let us grant to His providence that it is not done without reason : so shall we not be blasphemers. For when we begin to argue concerning the works of God, ' why is this? ' ' why is that? ' and, ' He ought not to have done this,' ' He did this ill ;' where is the praise of God f Thou hast lost thy Halleluia. Regard all things in such wise as to please God and praise the Creator. For if thou wert to happen to enter the workshop of a smith, thou wouldest not dare to find fault with his bellows, his anvils, his hammers. But take an ignorant man, who knows not for what purpose each thing is, and he findeth fault with all.
But if he have not the skill of the workman, and have but the reasoning power of a man, what saith he to himself?
All creation praises by our voice. 429
Not without reason are the bellows placed here: the Ver.
--
13. Then he mentioneth, that they may praise the Lord, ver. 9. mountains and hills, fruitful trees and all cedars: beasts10' and all cattle, creeping things, and winged fowls. Then
he goeth to men; kings of the earth and all people, princes ver. 11. and all judges of the earth ; young men and maidens, old 12, men and young, let them praise the Name of the Lord. Ended is the praise from heaven, ended is the praise from
earth.
14. For His Name only is exalted. Let no man seek ver. 15*
to exalt his own name. Wilt thou be exalted ? Subject thyself to Him Who cannot be humbled. His Name only is exalted.
15. His confession is in earth and heaven. What is,
His confession is in earth and heaven ? Is it the confession wherewith He confesseth ? No, but that whereby all things
confess Him, all things cry aloud : the beauty of all things
is in a manner their voice, whereby they praise God. The
heaven crieth out to God, 'Thou madest me, not I myself. '
Earth crieth out, ' Thou createdst me, not I myself. ' How
do they cry out? When thou regardest them, and findest
this out, they cry out by thy voice, they cry out by thy regard. His confession is in earth and heaven. Regard
the heavens, it is beautiful : observe the earth, it is beau
tiful : both together are very beautiful. He made them,
He ruleth them, by His nod they are swayed, He ordereth
their seasons, He reneweth their movements, by Himself
He reneweth them. All these things then praise Him, whether in stillness or in motion, whether from earth below
or from heaven above, whether in their old state or in their renewal. When thou seest all these things, and rejoicest,
aiid art lifted up to the Maker, and gazest on His invisible Rom. l, things understood by the things which are made, His con- 20,
workman knoweth wherefore, though [ know not. In the shop he dareth not to find fault with the smith, yet in the universe he dareth to find fault with God. Therefore just as fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storms, which do His word, so all things in nature, which seem to foolish persons to be made at random, simply do His word, because they are not made save by His command.
430 The Christian's true life hidden now,
Psalm fession is in earth and heaven : that is, thou confesses! cxlvm, to Him from lningS on earth, thou confessest to Him from things in heaven. And since He made all things, and nought is better than He, whatsoever He made is less than He, and whatsoever in these things pleaseth thee, is less than He. Let not then what He hath made so please thee, as to withdraw thee from Him Who made: if thou lovest what He made, love much more Him Who made. If the things which He hath made are beautiful, how much more beautiful is He Who made them: His confession is in earth
vit. 14.
and heaven.
16. And He shall exalt the horn of His people. Behold
what Haggai and Zachariah prophesied. Now the horn of His people is humble in afflictions, in tribulations, in
in beating of the breast ; when will He exalt the horn of His people? When the Lord hath come, and our Sun is risen, not the sun which is seen with the eye,
temptations,
Matt. 5, and riseth upon the good and the evil, but That Whereof 4 is said, To you that fear God, the Sun of Righteousness shall
rise, and healing in His wings ; and of Whom the proud
2'
Wiad. 5, and wicked shall hereafter say, The light of righteousness
hath not shined unto us, and the sun of righteousness rose not upon us. This shall be our summer. Now during the winter weather the fruits appear not on the stock ; thou observest, so to say, dead trees during the winter. He who cannot see truly, thinketh the vine dead ; perhaps there is one near which really dead; both are alike during winter; the one alive, the other dead, but both the life and death are hidden summer advanceth then the life of the one shineth brightly, the death of the other manifested the splendour of leaves, the abundance of fruit, cometh
forth, the vine clothed in outward appearance from what hath in its stock. Therefore, brethren, now we are the same as other men just as they are born, eat, drink,
are clothed, pass their life, so also do the saints. Sometimes the very truth deceiveth men, and they say, Lo, he hath begun to be Christian: hath he lost his headache? ' or, 'because he a Christian, what gaineth he from me? '
dead vine, thou observest near thee vine that bare indeed in winter, yet not dead. Summer will come, the Lord
O it
is a
:
is
:
is
is
a
'
; is
is
:
is
it,
but to be manifested at Christ's coming. 431
will come, our Splendour, that was hidden in the stock, Ver. and then He shall exalt the horn of His people, after the ---- captivity wherein we live in this mortal life. Wherefore the Apostle saith, Judge nothing before the time, till the Lord i Cor. 4, come, Who shall bring to light the hidden things of dark- 5-
ness, and then shall every one have praise of God. But
thou sayest unto me, Where is my stock? where is my fruit?
If thou believest, thou knowest where thy root is. For it is there, where thy faith is, where thy hope and charity are. Hear the Apostle; For ye are dead. In the winter they Col. 3, seemed to be dead; hear that they are alive: and your life3'4'
is hid with Christ in God. There is where thou hast thy root. When then shalt thou be adorned with splendour? when shalt thou be made abundant with fruit? Hear how he goeth on : When Christ, Who is your Life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with Him in glory. And He shall exalt the horn of His people.
17. An hymn to all His Saints. Know ye what an hymn
is ?
and singest not, thou utterest no hymn : if thou singest
and praisest not God, thou utterest no hymn : if thou praisest ought else, which pertaineth not to the praise of
God, although thou singest and praisest, thou utterest no hymn. An hymn then containeth these three things, song,
and praise, and that of God. Praise then of God in song is called an hymn. What then meaneth, An hymn to all His Saints? Let His Saints receive an hymn: let His Saints
utter an hymn: for this is what they are to receive in the
end, an everlasting hymn. Therefore in another place a Psalm saith, The sacrifice of praise shall glorify Me, and Ps. eo,
I will shew him My salvation. 23' And again, Blessed are they that dwell in Thy house, they ps. 84,
there is the way wherein
will praise Thee for ever and ever. This is the meaning of, 4' An hymn to all His Saints. Who are His Saints ? To the sons of Israel, to the people that draweth nigh unto Him. Let none say, I am not a son of Israel. Think not that the Jews are sons of Israel, and that we are not sons of Israel: I dare to say to you, brethren, that they are not sons, and we are. 1 will tell you why : because greater is he that is born after the Spirit, than he that is born after
-
It is a song with praise of God. If thou praisest God
432 Christians the true sons of Israel.
Psalm the flesh. Whose son was Israel ? Abraham's : for Isaac cilvin. was Abraham's sod, and Israel Isaac's. And how did Abraham please God ? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. Whosoever imitaleth
Abraham is a son of Abraham : whosoever hath degenerated from the faith of Abraham, hath lost the stock of Abraham. The Jews have degenerated, and have lost the stock; we have imitated, and have found it. I will shew that they have lost it: what saith the Lord to them when they say,
John 8, we are the s0lis of Abraham ? They dared to boast them selves, to hold up their head on the nobility of their
John 8, righteous descent : and what saith the Lord to them ? If ye were sons of Abraham, ye would do the deeds of Abraham. If then they lost the being sons of Abraham, we have found the being sons of Abraham. We, that is, by believing have found, what they by not believing have lost. For Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness : and Christ is the seed of Abraham, and we are in Christ ; and of Israel is the people, of which people was Mary,
of which Mary was Christ, in Which Christ we are : there fore we are sons of Israel. And what hath he added, in order to distinguish us? To the sons of Israel, to the people that draweth nigh unto Him. Observe the Jews: if they draw nigh, they are they. 'And perhaps they do draw nigh,' saith some one to me : they also daily sing their Psalm, they sing hymns to God. Hear ye not what the Prophet said unto them ? This people honoureth Me with their lips, but their heart is far from Me. If their heart is far, yet our heart is most nigh, because we believe, because we hope, because we love, because we are joined to Christ, because we have been made His members. Are the members far from the head ?
Gal. 3, ? '
Is. 29, ,3.
would you always, even unto the consummation of the aye. If they were
Mat. 28 be severed: He would not say, Lo, 20'
am with
Acts9,4. severed, He would not cry from heaven, Saul, Saul, why perseIcutest thou Me ? If He were not in us, He would not
uus an hungered, and ye gave me meat. Then when 35. <fco. they said to Him, When saw we Thee an hungered? He answered, Forasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the
Mat. 25, say,
least of Mine, ye have done it unto Me. Behold the people,
If Iwere afar they
they
The New Testament a ' new song. ' 433
behold Israel that draweth nigh : they draw nigh now in Ver. hope ; hereafter they shall in reality. --'--
PSALM CXLIX. Lat. CxlIZ.
EXPOSITION.
Sermon to the People.
1. Let us praise the Lord both in voice, and in under standing, and in good works; and, as this Psalm exhort eth,
let us sing unto Him a new song.
Sing ye to the Lord a new song.
song, the new man a new song.
old song, the New Testament a new song. In the Old Testament are temporal and earthly promises. Whoso loveth earthly things singeth an old song: let him that desireth to sing a new song, love the things of eternity.
Love itself is new and eternal ; therefore is it ever new, because it never groweth old. For if thou consider well,
this is old. How then is it new ? Is it so, my brethren, that everlasting life is but lately born ? Christ Himself is everlasting
life, and as touching His Godhead, He is not lately born;
for, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was John 1, with God, and the Word was God: the Same was in thei,&c'
beginning with God. All things were made by Him, and without Him was nothing made. If the things which were made by Him are old, what is He by Whom they were made? What, but everlasting, and coeternal with the Father ? But we have sunk into sin ; we have reached old age. For those are our words in the Psalm, /
have grown ps. old among all mine enemies. Man grew old by sin ; he is renewed by grace. All then who are renewed in Christ,
6,7.
that they may begin to appertain unto everlasting life, sing a new song.
2. And this song is of peace, this song is of charity. Whoso severeth himself from the union of the saints, singeth not a new song; for he hath followed old strife, not new charity. In new charity what is there? Peace, the bond of an holy society, a spiritual union, a building of living
vol. vr. f f
For thus it beginneth : The old man hath an old The Old Testament is an
434 The ' new song,' Catholic :
Psalm stones.
Fs^T
Where is this? Not in one place, but throughout w^o^e world. This is said in another Psalm, Sing unto
the Lord a new song, sing unto the Lord all the earth. From this is understood, that he who singeth not with the whole earth, singeth an old song, whatever words proceed out of his mouth. For why should I care to hear what he saith, when I know what he thinketh ? Sayest thou, canst thou see what he thinketh ? Yes, his deeds de clare it. For the eye penetrateth not into the conscience. I observe what he doeth, and therein I understand what he
thinketh. For neither if any one, for instance, taketh another in the act of theft, or homicide, or adultery, doth he see his thoughts in his heart, but in his deeds? There are some things which lie hid within ; but there are many also which come forth into works, and are manifest even to men. Although then they who severed themselves from the bond of the love of Christ, and the society of the holy Church, were inwardly in themselves evil, yet none knew
save God. The time came He severed them, and so made manifest to men what God alone had known before. For the fruit not shewn, save in deeds. Wherefore
said, their fruits ye shall know them. For the Lord said to some who clothe themselves in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravening wolves: lest human frailty should perhaps be unable to distinguish the wolf under the sheep's skin, He saith, By their fruits ye shall know them. We seek the fruits of love, we find the thorns of dissension. By their fruits ye shall know them. Their song then
an old one, let us sing new song. We have already said, brethren, that all the earth singeth a new song. He who singeth not with the whole earth new song, let him sing what he will, let his tongue sound forth Halleluia, let him utter all day and all night, my ears are not so much bent to hear the voice of the singer, but seek the deeds of the actor. For ask, and say, What that thou singest He answereth, Halleluia. ' What is, 'Hal-
leluia Praise ye the Lord. ' Come, let us praise the Lord together. If thou praisest the Lord, and praise the Lord, why are we at variance Charity praiseth the Lord, discord blasphemeth the Lord.
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not sung by Schismatics. 435
3. And now would ye know where ye may sing a new Ver.
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song ? See how and where all that he is about to mention in this Psalm is done, whether it be in any one part of the world ; so shall ye more fully understand to whom the new song appertaineth. That then is clear which I have quoted from another Psalm, Sing ye to the Lord a new song : and to shew that in this new song is the fruit of charity and unity, he added, Sing unto the Lord, all the earth. Let none sever himself, let none disunite himself: thou art wheat, bear with the chaff till the winnowing. Dost thou
wish to be put forth from the floor ?
