) paper left by Mella, who had been condemned a
The place in which they seem to have made their little before; but the paper was generally believed
first appearance, was Thermopylae (Herod.
The place in which they seem to have made their little before; but the paper was generally believed
first appearance, was Thermopylae (Herod.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
A Megalopolitan, who was employed by
Even mortals themselves may for a time prevent | Aratus in an embassy to Antigonus Doson to treat
their attaining their object, or delay it by flight of an alliance, B. c. 224. He returned home after
and the like. (I. iii. 32, xvi. 47. ) During a he had succeeded in his mission, and he afterwards
battle the Kñpes wander about with Éris and Cy- commanded a thousand Megalopolitans in the army
doimos in bloody garments, quarrelling about the which Antigonus led into Laconia, B. c. 222. (Polyb.
## p. 672 (#692) ############################################
672
CERCOPES.
CEREALIS.
.
.
i. 48–-50, 65. ) He may have been a descen- | 1824 ; Rigler, De Ilercule et Cercop. , Cologne,
dant of the preceding, but on this point we have 1825, &c. 4to. )
[L. S. )
no information.
[P. S. ]
CERCOPS (Képkw). 1. One of the oldest
CERCO, the name of a family of the plebeian Orphic poets, called a Pythagorcan by Clemens of
Lutatia gens.
Alexandria (Strom. i. p. 333, ed. Paris, 1029) and
i
1. Q. LUTATIUS C. F. C. N. CERCO, consul with Cicero (de Nat. Deor. i. 38), was said by Epigenes
A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus, B. c. 241, in which of Alexandria to have been the author of an Orphic
year the first Punic war was brought to a close by epic poem entitled “the Descent to Hades (veis
the victory of C. Lutatius Catulus at the Aegates. "Aidou katábaris), which seems to have been ex-
Cerco is called by Zonaras (viii. 17) the brother of tant in the Alexandrine period. (Clem. Alex. l. c. )
Catulus, which statement is confirmed by the Others attribute this work to Prodicus of Samos,
Capitoline Fasti, in which both are described as or Herodicus of Perinthus, or Orpheus of Camarina.
C. F. C. n. Zonaras also says, that Cerco was sent (Suidas, s. v. 'Oppeús. )
into Sicily to regulate the affairs of the island in Epigenes also assigns to Cercops (Clem. Alex.
conjunction with his brother Catulus. After I. c. ) the Orphic iepos nóyos which was ascribed
peace had been concluded with Carthage, the Fa- by some to Theognetus of Thessaly, and was a
lisci or people of Falerii, for some reason which is poem in twenty-four books. (Fabric Bill. Graec,
unknown, rose against the Romans: both consuls i. pp. 161, &c. , 172; Bode, Gesch, der Lpisch.
were sent against them, and the war was finished Dichtkunst der Hellenen, p. 125, &c. )
by the conquest of the infatuated people within 2. Of Miletus, the contemporary and rival of
six days. Half of their domain land was taken Hesiod, is said by some to have been the author of
from them and their town destroyed. For this an epic poem called “ Aegimius,” which is also
success, Cerco as well as his colleague obtained a ascribed to Hesiod. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 46; Athen.
triumph. (Liv. xxx. 44, Epit. 19; Eutrop. ii. xi. p. 503 ; Apollod. i. 1. § 3; comp. AEGIMIUS,
28 ; Oros. iv. 11; Polyb. i. 65; Zonar. viii. 18. ) p. 26, a. )
Cerco was censor in 236 with L. Cornelius Len- CE'RCYON (Kepkówv), a son of Poseidon by a
tulus, and died in this magistracy. (Fast. Capit. ) daughter of Amphictyon, and accordingly a half-
2. Cn. LUTATIUS Cerco, one of the five ambas- brother of Triptolemus. (Paus. i. 14. & 1. ) Others
sadors sent to Alexandria, B. c. 173. (Liv. xlii. 6. ) call him a son of Hephaestus. (Hygin. Fab. 38. )
The annexed coin of the Lutatia gens contains He came from Arcadia, and dwelt at Eleusis in
on the obverse the name CERCO with the head of Attica. (Plut. Thes. 1]; Ov. Met. vii. 439. ) He
Pallas, and on the reverse Q. LUTATI, with a ship is notorious in ancient story for his cruelty towards
enclosed within a wreath made of oak-leares. his daughter Alope [ALOPE) and all who refused
to fight with him, but he was in the end conquered
and slain by Theseus. (Paus. i. 39. § 3. ) An-
other personage of the same name is mentioned by
Pausanias. (viii. 5. $ 3; comp. AGAMEDES. ) (L. S. )
S. CEREA'LIS, a Roman general, commanded
the fifth legion in the Jewish war, under Titus.
(A. D. 70. ) He slew a number of Samaritans on
mount Gerizim; overran Idumaea, and took He-
The reverse probably refers to the victory of C. bron; made an unsuccessful night attack on the
Lutatius Catulus, which would of course be re- temple, and was present at the council of war held
garded by the Cercones as well as the Catuli as by Titus immediately before the taking of Jerusa-
conferring honour upon their gens. (Eckhel, v. lem. (Joseph. B. J. iii. 7. $ 32, iv. 9. § 9, vi. 2.
p. 240. )
$$ 5, 6; c. 4. § 3. )
[P. S. )
CERCOʻPES (Képkwres), droll and thievish CEREA'LIS or CERIA'LIS, ANI'CIUS, was
gnomes who play a part in the story of Heracles. consul designatus in A. D. 65, and proposed in the
Their number is commonly stated to have been senate, after the detection of Piso's conspiracy,
two, but their names are not the same in all ac- that a temple should be built to Nero as quickly
counts,-either Olus and Eurybatus, Sillus and as possible at the public expense. (Tac. Ann. xv.
Triballus, Passalus and Aclemon, Andulus and 74. ) In the following year, he, in common with
Atlantus, or Candulus and Atlas. (Suidas, s. vv. ; several other noble Romans, fell under Nero's sus-
Schol. ad Lucian. Alex. 4; Tzetz. Chil. v. 75. ) | picions, was condemned, and anticipated his fate
Diodorus (iv. 31), however, speaks of a greater by putting himself to death. He was but little
number of Cercopes. They are called sons of pitied, for it was remembered that he had betrayed
Theia, the daughter of Oceanus ; they annoyed and the conspiracy of Lepidus and Lentulus. (A. D. 39. )
robbed Heracles in his sleep, but they were taken The alleged ground of his condemnation was a
prisoners by him, and either given to Omphale, or mention of him as an enemy to the emperor in a
killed, or set free again. (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 91.
) paper left by Mella, who had been condemned a
The place in which they seem to have made their little before; but the paper was generally believed
first appearance, was Thermopylae (Herod. vii. to be a forgery. (Tac. Ann. xvi. 17. ) [P. S. ]
216), but the comic poem Képrwies, which bore CEREA'LIS, CI'VICA, a Roman senator who,
the name of Homer, probably placed them at Oe- while proconsul of Asia, was put to death by Do-
chalia in Euboea, whereas others transferred them mitian, shortly before A. D. 90. (Suet. Dom. 10;
to Lydia (Suid. s. v. Evpúbatos), or the islands Tac. Agric. 42. )
[P. S. ]
called Pithecusae, which derired their name from CEREA'LIS, JUʻLIUS, a Roman poet, con-
the Cercopes who were changed into monkeys by temporary with Pliny the Younger and Martial,
Zeus for haring cunningly deceived him. (Ov. Met. by both of whom he is addressed as an intimnie
xiv. 90, &c. ; Pomp. Mela, ii. 7; compare Müller, friend. He wrote a poem on the war of the giants.
Dor, ii. 12. § 10 ; Hüllmann, De Cyclop. et Cercop. I (Plin. Epist. ii. 19; Martial, Epig. xi. 52. ) (P. S. ]
## p. 673 (#693) ############################################
CERINTHUS.
673
CERINTHUS.
CEREA'LIS or CERTA'LIS, PETI'LIUS, a cribe to him a gross and sensual Chiliasm or Millen-
Roman general, and a near relative of the emperor narianism, abhorrent to the nature of Gnosticisin.
Vespasian, is first mentioned as legate of the 9th If it be true that the origin of the Gnostic is to be
legion, under Vettius Bolamus, in Britain, when he sought in the Judnising sects, as Neander believes,
was defeated by the British insurgents under Boa- the former uniting Jewish Theosophy with Chris-
dicen, A. D. 61. (Tac. Ann. xiv. 32. ) When Vespasian tinnity, Cerinthus's system represents the transi-
set up his claim to the empire (A. D. 69), Petilius tion-state, and the Jewish clements were subse-
Cercalis escaped from Rome and joined his army quently refined and modified so as to exhibit less
in Italy under Antonius, and was made one of his grossness. Irenacus himself believed in Chiliasin,
generals. He comunanded an advanced party of and therefore he did not mention it as a peculiar
cavalry, and is charged, in common with the other feature in the doctrines of Cerinthus ; while Caius,
generals, with not advancing upon Rome quickly a strenuous opponent of Millennarianism, would
enough. He suffered a defeat in a skirmish be- naturally describe it in the worst colours. Thus
neath the walls of Rome. In the following year, the accounts of both may be harmonised.
he was sent to the Rhine, to suppress the revolt of His system, as collected from the notices of
Civilis, in which he was completely successful. Irenaeus, Caius, Dionysius, and Epiphanius, con-
(Civilis. ] While holding this command, he was sisted of the following particulars : He taught that
solicited by Domitian to give up to him his army. the world was created by angels, over whom pre-
Doinitian's object was partly to gain reputation by sided one from among themselves. This presiding
finishing the victory which Cerealis had secured, spirit or power was so far inferior to the Supreme
but chiefly to seize the empire. Cerealis, however, Being as to be ignorant of his character. He was
laughed off the request, as being the foolish fancy also the sovereign and lawgiver of the Jews.
of a boy. (Tac. Hist. iii. 59, 78, 79, iv. 86. ) Different orders of angels existed in the pleroma,
In the following year (a. D. 71), he was sent as among whom those occupied with the affairs of
consular legate to the government of Britain, in this world held the lowest rank. The man Jesus
which he was active and successful. He conquered was a Jew, the son of Joseph and Mary by ordi-
a great part of the Brigantes, and called out the nary generation, but distinguished for his wisdom
talents of Agricola. (Tac. Agr. 8, 17. ) As a com- and piety. Hence he was selected to be the
mander he was energetic, but rash. (See especially Messiah. When he was baptized by John in the
Tac. Hist. iv. 71. )
[P. S. ] Jordan, the Christ, or Logos, or Holy Spirit, de-
CEREA'LIUS (Kepeántos), a poet of the Greek scended from heaven in form of a dove and
Anthology, whose time and couniry are unknown. entered into his soul. Then did he first become
Three epigrams are ascribed to him by Brunck conscious of his future destination, and receive all
(Anal
. ii
. p. 345), but of these the third is of very necessary qualifications to enable him to discharge
doubtful authorship. Of the other two the first is its functions. Henceforward he became perfectły
a jocose allusion to the poetic contests at the Gre- acquainted with the Supreme God, revealed Hiin
the second is in ridicule of those gram- to men, was exalted above all the angels who
marians who thought to pass for pure Attic writers managed the affairs of the world, and wrought
on the strength of a few Attic words and, in gene- miracles by virtue of the spiritual energy that now
ral, of the use of obsolete words. [P. S. ] dwelt in him. When Jesus was apprehended at
CERES. (DEMETER. ]
the instigation of the God of the Jews, the logos
CERINTHUS (Kúpivoos), probably belonged departed from him and returned to the Father, so
to the first century of the Christian aera, though that the man Jesus alone suffered. After he had
he has been assigned to the second by Basnage been put to death and consigned to the grave he
and others. The fathers by whom he is mentioned rose again. Epiphanius says, that Cerinthus ad-
make him contemporary with the Apostle John, hered in part to Judaism. He appears to have held
and there is no ground for rejecting their testi- that the Jewish law was binding upon Christians in
niony. He has been universally placed in the list a certain sense, probably that sense in which it was
of heretics, and may be reckoned the first who explained by the logos when united to Jesus. He
taught principles afterwards developed and em- maintained that there would be a resurrection of
bodied in the Gnostic system. According to Epi- the body, and that the righteous should enjoy a
phanins, he was a Jew by birth; and Theodoret paradise of delights in Palestine, where the man
(Haeret. Fabul. lib. ii. ) asserts, that he studied Jesus appearing again as the Messiah by virtue of
philosophy at Alexandria. It is probable, how- the logos associated with him, and having con-
ever, that during his residence in Egypt he had quered all his enemies, should reign a thousand
not imbibed all the sentiments which he subse years. It is not likely that he connected with the
quently held; they rather seem to have been millennial reign of Christ such carnal pleasures as
adopted while he abode in Asia Minor, where he Caius and Dionysius allege. It is clear that he
spent the greater part of his life. This is accor- received the books of the Old Testament; and the
dant with the statement of Epiphanius that he evidence which has been adduced to prove his
propagated his doctrines in Asia. Whether he rejection of the gospels, or any part of them, is un-
often encountered the apostles themselves at Jeru- satisfactory. Epiphanius affirms, that he rejected
salem, Caesareia, and Antioch, as the same writer Paul on account of the apostle's renunciation of
affirms, is questionable. Tradition states, that he circumcision, but whether this means all Paul's
lived at Ephesus while John was in that city. writings it is impossible to determine. Several of
Nothing is known of the time and manner of his the Fathers relate, that Jolin on one occasion went
death.
into the bath at Ephesus, but on seeing Cerinthus
It is not difficult to reconcile the varying accounts came out in haste, saying, “ Let us fiee home, lest
of his system given by Irenaeus, Epiphanius, Caius, the bath should fall while Cerinthus is within. "
and Dionysius of Alexandria. Irenaeus reckons him It is also an ancient opinion that John wrote his
a thorough Gnostic; while Caius and Dionysius as | Gospel to refute Cerinthus. (Walch, Entwurf der
cian games,
a
2 x
## p. 674 (#694) ############################################
674
CERSOBLEPTES.
CESTIUS.
Geschichte der Ketzereien, vol. i. ; Neander, Kirl in consequence of the refusal of Amadocus to allow
chengeschichle, vol. i. part 2; Mosheim, Institut. Philip a passage through his territory. Bot after
Hlist. Christ. Major. , and his Comment. de Rebus the passing of the decree above-mentioned, Philip
Christianorum ante Constunt. M. ; Schmidt, Cerinth became the enemy of Cersobleptes, and in B. c. 352
ein Juduisirender Christ, in his Bib. für K'ritik made a successful expedition into Thrace, gained a
und Eregese des N. T. vol. i. ; Paulus, Historia | firm ascendancy in the country, and brought away
Cerinthi, in his Introductionis in N. T. capita selec- a son of Cersobleptes as a hostage. (Dem. Olimth.
tiora ; Lardner, History of Heretics, Works, vol. i. p. 12 ad fin. ; Isocr. Phil. p. 86, c. ; Acsch. de
iv. , 4to. edition. )
[S. D. ) Fals. Leg. p. 38. ) At the time of the peace be-
CEROESSA (Kepóenoa), a daughter of Zeus by tween Athens and Philip in B. c. 346, we find
Io, and born on the spot where Byzantium was Cersobleptes again involved in hostilities with the
afterwards built. She was brought up by a nymph | Macedonian king, who in fact was absent in Thrace
of the place, and afterwards became the mother of when the second Athenian embassy arrived at
Byzas. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Bučávtiov. ) From this Pella, and did not return to give theni audience till
story it must be inferred, that Argos had some he had completely conquered Cersobicptes. (Dem.
share in founding the colony of Byzantium, which de Fals. Leg. pp. 390, 391, de Cor. p. 235; Aesch.
is otherwise called a colony of Megara. (Müller, de Fuls. Leg. pp. 29, 40, &c. ) In the course of the
Dor. i. 6. & 9. )
(L.
Even mortals themselves may for a time prevent | Aratus in an embassy to Antigonus Doson to treat
their attaining their object, or delay it by flight of an alliance, B. c. 224. He returned home after
and the like. (I. iii. 32, xvi. 47. ) During a he had succeeded in his mission, and he afterwards
battle the Kñpes wander about with Éris and Cy- commanded a thousand Megalopolitans in the army
doimos in bloody garments, quarrelling about the which Antigonus led into Laconia, B. c. 222. (Polyb.
## p. 672 (#692) ############################################
672
CERCOPES.
CEREALIS.
.
.
i. 48–-50, 65. ) He may have been a descen- | 1824 ; Rigler, De Ilercule et Cercop. , Cologne,
dant of the preceding, but on this point we have 1825, &c. 4to. )
[L. S. )
no information.
[P. S. ]
CERCOPS (Képkw). 1. One of the oldest
CERCO, the name of a family of the plebeian Orphic poets, called a Pythagorcan by Clemens of
Lutatia gens.
Alexandria (Strom. i. p. 333, ed. Paris, 1029) and
i
1. Q. LUTATIUS C. F. C. N. CERCO, consul with Cicero (de Nat. Deor. i. 38), was said by Epigenes
A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus, B. c. 241, in which of Alexandria to have been the author of an Orphic
year the first Punic war was brought to a close by epic poem entitled “the Descent to Hades (veis
the victory of C. Lutatius Catulus at the Aegates. "Aidou katábaris), which seems to have been ex-
Cerco is called by Zonaras (viii. 17) the brother of tant in the Alexandrine period. (Clem. Alex. l. c. )
Catulus, which statement is confirmed by the Others attribute this work to Prodicus of Samos,
Capitoline Fasti, in which both are described as or Herodicus of Perinthus, or Orpheus of Camarina.
C. F. C. n. Zonaras also says, that Cerco was sent (Suidas, s. v. 'Oppeús. )
into Sicily to regulate the affairs of the island in Epigenes also assigns to Cercops (Clem. Alex.
conjunction with his brother Catulus. After I. c. ) the Orphic iepos nóyos which was ascribed
peace had been concluded with Carthage, the Fa- by some to Theognetus of Thessaly, and was a
lisci or people of Falerii, for some reason which is poem in twenty-four books. (Fabric Bill. Graec,
unknown, rose against the Romans: both consuls i. pp. 161, &c. , 172; Bode, Gesch, der Lpisch.
were sent against them, and the war was finished Dichtkunst der Hellenen, p. 125, &c. )
by the conquest of the infatuated people within 2. Of Miletus, the contemporary and rival of
six days. Half of their domain land was taken Hesiod, is said by some to have been the author of
from them and their town destroyed. For this an epic poem called “ Aegimius,” which is also
success, Cerco as well as his colleague obtained a ascribed to Hesiod. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 46; Athen.
triumph. (Liv. xxx. 44, Epit. 19; Eutrop. ii. xi. p. 503 ; Apollod. i. 1. § 3; comp. AEGIMIUS,
28 ; Oros. iv. 11; Polyb. i. 65; Zonar. viii. 18. ) p. 26, a. )
Cerco was censor in 236 with L. Cornelius Len- CE'RCYON (Kepkówv), a son of Poseidon by a
tulus, and died in this magistracy. (Fast. Capit. ) daughter of Amphictyon, and accordingly a half-
2. Cn. LUTATIUS Cerco, one of the five ambas- brother of Triptolemus. (Paus. i. 14. & 1. ) Others
sadors sent to Alexandria, B. c. 173. (Liv. xlii. 6. ) call him a son of Hephaestus. (Hygin. Fab. 38. )
The annexed coin of the Lutatia gens contains He came from Arcadia, and dwelt at Eleusis in
on the obverse the name CERCO with the head of Attica. (Plut. Thes. 1]; Ov. Met. vii. 439. ) He
Pallas, and on the reverse Q. LUTATI, with a ship is notorious in ancient story for his cruelty towards
enclosed within a wreath made of oak-leares. his daughter Alope [ALOPE) and all who refused
to fight with him, but he was in the end conquered
and slain by Theseus. (Paus. i. 39. § 3. ) An-
other personage of the same name is mentioned by
Pausanias. (viii. 5. $ 3; comp. AGAMEDES. ) (L. S. )
S. CEREA'LIS, a Roman general, commanded
the fifth legion in the Jewish war, under Titus.
(A. D. 70. ) He slew a number of Samaritans on
mount Gerizim; overran Idumaea, and took He-
The reverse probably refers to the victory of C. bron; made an unsuccessful night attack on the
Lutatius Catulus, which would of course be re- temple, and was present at the council of war held
garded by the Cercones as well as the Catuli as by Titus immediately before the taking of Jerusa-
conferring honour upon their gens. (Eckhel, v. lem. (Joseph. B. J. iii. 7. $ 32, iv. 9. § 9, vi. 2.
p. 240. )
$$ 5, 6; c. 4. § 3. )
[P. S. )
CERCOʻPES (Képkwres), droll and thievish CEREA'LIS or CERIA'LIS, ANI'CIUS, was
gnomes who play a part in the story of Heracles. consul designatus in A. D. 65, and proposed in the
Their number is commonly stated to have been senate, after the detection of Piso's conspiracy,
two, but their names are not the same in all ac- that a temple should be built to Nero as quickly
counts,-either Olus and Eurybatus, Sillus and as possible at the public expense. (Tac. Ann. xv.
Triballus, Passalus and Aclemon, Andulus and 74. ) In the following year, he, in common with
Atlantus, or Candulus and Atlas. (Suidas, s. vv. ; several other noble Romans, fell under Nero's sus-
Schol. ad Lucian. Alex. 4; Tzetz. Chil. v. 75. ) | picions, was condemned, and anticipated his fate
Diodorus (iv. 31), however, speaks of a greater by putting himself to death. He was but little
number of Cercopes. They are called sons of pitied, for it was remembered that he had betrayed
Theia, the daughter of Oceanus ; they annoyed and the conspiracy of Lepidus and Lentulus. (A. D. 39. )
robbed Heracles in his sleep, but they were taken The alleged ground of his condemnation was a
prisoners by him, and either given to Omphale, or mention of him as an enemy to the emperor in a
killed, or set free again. (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 91.
) paper left by Mella, who had been condemned a
The place in which they seem to have made their little before; but the paper was generally believed
first appearance, was Thermopylae (Herod. vii. to be a forgery. (Tac. Ann. xvi. 17. ) [P. S. ]
216), but the comic poem Képrwies, which bore CEREA'LIS, CI'VICA, a Roman senator who,
the name of Homer, probably placed them at Oe- while proconsul of Asia, was put to death by Do-
chalia in Euboea, whereas others transferred them mitian, shortly before A. D. 90. (Suet. Dom. 10;
to Lydia (Suid. s. v. Evpúbatos), or the islands Tac. Agric. 42. )
[P. S. ]
called Pithecusae, which derired their name from CEREA'LIS, JUʻLIUS, a Roman poet, con-
the Cercopes who were changed into monkeys by temporary with Pliny the Younger and Martial,
Zeus for haring cunningly deceived him. (Ov. Met. by both of whom he is addressed as an intimnie
xiv. 90, &c. ; Pomp. Mela, ii. 7; compare Müller, friend. He wrote a poem on the war of the giants.
Dor, ii. 12. § 10 ; Hüllmann, De Cyclop. et Cercop. I (Plin. Epist. ii. 19; Martial, Epig. xi. 52. ) (P. S. ]
## p. 673 (#693) ############################################
CERINTHUS.
673
CERINTHUS.
CEREA'LIS or CERTA'LIS, PETI'LIUS, a cribe to him a gross and sensual Chiliasm or Millen-
Roman general, and a near relative of the emperor narianism, abhorrent to the nature of Gnosticisin.
Vespasian, is first mentioned as legate of the 9th If it be true that the origin of the Gnostic is to be
legion, under Vettius Bolamus, in Britain, when he sought in the Judnising sects, as Neander believes,
was defeated by the British insurgents under Boa- the former uniting Jewish Theosophy with Chris-
dicen, A. D. 61. (Tac. Ann. xiv. 32. ) When Vespasian tinnity, Cerinthus's system represents the transi-
set up his claim to the empire (A. D. 69), Petilius tion-state, and the Jewish clements were subse-
Cercalis escaped from Rome and joined his army quently refined and modified so as to exhibit less
in Italy under Antonius, and was made one of his grossness. Irenacus himself believed in Chiliasin,
generals. He comunanded an advanced party of and therefore he did not mention it as a peculiar
cavalry, and is charged, in common with the other feature in the doctrines of Cerinthus ; while Caius,
generals, with not advancing upon Rome quickly a strenuous opponent of Millennarianism, would
enough. He suffered a defeat in a skirmish be- naturally describe it in the worst colours. Thus
neath the walls of Rome. In the following year, the accounts of both may be harmonised.
he was sent to the Rhine, to suppress the revolt of His system, as collected from the notices of
Civilis, in which he was completely successful. Irenaeus, Caius, Dionysius, and Epiphanius, con-
(Civilis. ] While holding this command, he was sisted of the following particulars : He taught that
solicited by Domitian to give up to him his army. the world was created by angels, over whom pre-
Doinitian's object was partly to gain reputation by sided one from among themselves. This presiding
finishing the victory which Cerealis had secured, spirit or power was so far inferior to the Supreme
but chiefly to seize the empire. Cerealis, however, Being as to be ignorant of his character. He was
laughed off the request, as being the foolish fancy also the sovereign and lawgiver of the Jews.
of a boy. (Tac. Hist. iii. 59, 78, 79, iv. 86. ) Different orders of angels existed in the pleroma,
In the following year (a. D. 71), he was sent as among whom those occupied with the affairs of
consular legate to the government of Britain, in this world held the lowest rank. The man Jesus
which he was active and successful. He conquered was a Jew, the son of Joseph and Mary by ordi-
a great part of the Brigantes, and called out the nary generation, but distinguished for his wisdom
talents of Agricola. (Tac. Agr. 8, 17. ) As a com- and piety. Hence he was selected to be the
mander he was energetic, but rash. (See especially Messiah. When he was baptized by John in the
Tac. Hist. iv. 71. )
[P. S. ] Jordan, the Christ, or Logos, or Holy Spirit, de-
CEREA'LIUS (Kepeántos), a poet of the Greek scended from heaven in form of a dove and
Anthology, whose time and couniry are unknown. entered into his soul. Then did he first become
Three epigrams are ascribed to him by Brunck conscious of his future destination, and receive all
(Anal
. ii
. p. 345), but of these the third is of very necessary qualifications to enable him to discharge
doubtful authorship. Of the other two the first is its functions. Henceforward he became perfectły
a jocose allusion to the poetic contests at the Gre- acquainted with the Supreme God, revealed Hiin
the second is in ridicule of those gram- to men, was exalted above all the angels who
marians who thought to pass for pure Attic writers managed the affairs of the world, and wrought
on the strength of a few Attic words and, in gene- miracles by virtue of the spiritual energy that now
ral, of the use of obsolete words. [P. S. ] dwelt in him. When Jesus was apprehended at
CERES. (DEMETER. ]
the instigation of the God of the Jews, the logos
CERINTHUS (Kúpivoos), probably belonged departed from him and returned to the Father, so
to the first century of the Christian aera, though that the man Jesus alone suffered. After he had
he has been assigned to the second by Basnage been put to death and consigned to the grave he
and others. The fathers by whom he is mentioned rose again. Epiphanius says, that Cerinthus ad-
make him contemporary with the Apostle John, hered in part to Judaism. He appears to have held
and there is no ground for rejecting their testi- that the Jewish law was binding upon Christians in
niony. He has been universally placed in the list a certain sense, probably that sense in which it was
of heretics, and may be reckoned the first who explained by the logos when united to Jesus. He
taught principles afterwards developed and em- maintained that there would be a resurrection of
bodied in the Gnostic system. According to Epi- the body, and that the righteous should enjoy a
phanins, he was a Jew by birth; and Theodoret paradise of delights in Palestine, where the man
(Haeret. Fabul. lib. ii. ) asserts, that he studied Jesus appearing again as the Messiah by virtue of
philosophy at Alexandria. It is probable, how- the logos associated with him, and having con-
ever, that during his residence in Egypt he had quered all his enemies, should reign a thousand
not imbibed all the sentiments which he subse years. It is not likely that he connected with the
quently held; they rather seem to have been millennial reign of Christ such carnal pleasures as
adopted while he abode in Asia Minor, where he Caius and Dionysius allege. It is clear that he
spent the greater part of his life. This is accor- received the books of the Old Testament; and the
dant with the statement of Epiphanius that he evidence which has been adduced to prove his
propagated his doctrines in Asia. Whether he rejection of the gospels, or any part of them, is un-
often encountered the apostles themselves at Jeru- satisfactory. Epiphanius affirms, that he rejected
salem, Caesareia, and Antioch, as the same writer Paul on account of the apostle's renunciation of
affirms, is questionable. Tradition states, that he circumcision, but whether this means all Paul's
lived at Ephesus while John was in that city. writings it is impossible to determine. Several of
Nothing is known of the time and manner of his the Fathers relate, that Jolin on one occasion went
death.
into the bath at Ephesus, but on seeing Cerinthus
It is not difficult to reconcile the varying accounts came out in haste, saying, “ Let us fiee home, lest
of his system given by Irenaeus, Epiphanius, Caius, the bath should fall while Cerinthus is within. "
and Dionysius of Alexandria. Irenaeus reckons him It is also an ancient opinion that John wrote his
a thorough Gnostic; while Caius and Dionysius as | Gospel to refute Cerinthus. (Walch, Entwurf der
cian games,
a
2 x
## p. 674 (#694) ############################################
674
CERSOBLEPTES.
CESTIUS.
Geschichte der Ketzereien, vol. i. ; Neander, Kirl in consequence of the refusal of Amadocus to allow
chengeschichle, vol. i. part 2; Mosheim, Institut. Philip a passage through his territory. Bot after
Hlist. Christ. Major. , and his Comment. de Rebus the passing of the decree above-mentioned, Philip
Christianorum ante Constunt. M. ; Schmidt, Cerinth became the enemy of Cersobleptes, and in B. c. 352
ein Juduisirender Christ, in his Bib. für K'ritik made a successful expedition into Thrace, gained a
und Eregese des N. T. vol. i. ; Paulus, Historia | firm ascendancy in the country, and brought away
Cerinthi, in his Introductionis in N. T. capita selec- a son of Cersobleptes as a hostage. (Dem. Olimth.
tiora ; Lardner, History of Heretics, Works, vol. i. p. 12 ad fin. ; Isocr. Phil. p. 86, c. ; Acsch. de
iv. , 4to. edition. )
[S. D. ) Fals. Leg. p. 38. ) At the time of the peace be-
CEROESSA (Kepóenoa), a daughter of Zeus by tween Athens and Philip in B. c. 346, we find
Io, and born on the spot where Byzantium was Cersobleptes again involved in hostilities with the
afterwards built. She was brought up by a nymph | Macedonian king, who in fact was absent in Thrace
of the place, and afterwards became the mother of when the second Athenian embassy arrived at
Byzas. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Bučávtiov. ) From this Pella, and did not return to give theni audience till
story it must be inferred, that Argos had some he had completely conquered Cersobicptes. (Dem.
share in founding the colony of Byzantium, which de Fals. Leg. pp. 390, 391, de Cor. p. 235; Aesch.
is otherwise called a colony of Megara. (Müller, de Fuls. Leg. pp. 29, 40, &c. ) In the course of the
Dor. i. 6. & 9. )
(L.
