various
proposals
for studies are welcomed with ardour, and
Constitutional reform have been brought before endowed as liberally as possible out of the conducted by Dr.
Constitutional reform have been brought before endowed as liberally as possible out of the conducted by Dr.
Athenaeum - London - 1912a
The full-fraught Pygmy, we would venture to assert that
peace, peace,” when there soul of England in that day had in it the Mr. Wollaston's is the more perfect
was no peace. Finally, there are at least potentiality of ten thousand Pyms : but specimen. . The little men from the moun-
an equal number of original Adventurers,
one was enough. It is true that he has tainous hinterland of the Mekeo district
mentioned in the Patent, whose names been too much forgotten. But it is not of British New Guinea were of a strain in
have no prophetic import, and thus point in this way that he is to be remembered. which, even if the Negrito predominate,
the fallacy of giving backward and forward He is to be remembered as the man who, Papuan and Papuo-Melanesian elements
significance to a momentary grouping. more powerfully than any one before are likewise in some degree present, as
The “ Providence " adventure is inter in English history, brought the conception the photographs reveal clearly enough.
esting as an episode, but its discovery of the Nation, of the organic body of But the west-end Pygmies, who are to
has been the undoing of Mr. Wade’s book. English people throughout all its members, be known henceforth as the Tapiro,
Even without the misleading influence of forward into the centre of our politics, reveal themselves, by the same test, as
its dramatic and lurid suggestions, his and who enounced the conception of of purer stock.
view of Pym would have lacked entirety Parliament as the perceiving mind and Their stature is, of course, the most
and detachment, since the exoneration executive conscience of the body politic. striking of their peculiar features. The
and even apotheosis of Strafford, which
average for the Tapiro works out at
are here attempted, must needs have
4 ft. 9 in. , with 4 ft. 41 in. and 5 ft. 04 in.
carried a condign judgment of Strafford's
as the extremes of variation. Again, the
This is the most effective part
hairiness of their faces is at once notice-
of the book, but mainly through suppres. Pygmies and Papuans : the Stone Age able, there being likewise a good deal of
sion of the considerations which would To-day in Dutch New Guinea. By short, downy hair scattered about the
not have contributed to the desired effect. A. F. R. Wollaston. (Smith, Elder body. The colour of the head-hair, which
There is no need to deny that Strafford & Co. )
is short and woolly, is mostly black;
was a great man in his own quality, and
though it seemed to be brown in two or
one who might well, in a certain national The British Ornithologists' Union was
three cases. (Mr. Williamson, on the
conjuncture, have been the glory and founded in 1858, and, having flourished other hand, makes a great point of the
shield of his country. But as little need for half a century, resolved, four years ago, tendency to brown rather than black
it be denied that in the actual conditions to render its jubilee memorable by under- displayed by the hair of his Mafulu. ) The
he was wrong, and the more dangerously taking some great zoological expedition. skin, meanwhile, is of a lighter colour
wrong for being so great a man. The As Mr. Ogilvie-Grant explains in his than that of their Papuan neighbours,
burden of his death must be laid on King Introduction, the occasion served to bring some individuals being almost yellow.
Charles, not because the King signed to a head a scheme which he had long Finally, the cephalic index, on which
his death-warrant after promising that cherished of exploring the mysterious Snow criterion of race anthropologists are apt
nothing should make him do so, but be- Mountains, which the passing voyager far too exclusively to pin their faith,
cause it was Charles's complete trust- descries as a gleaming, cloud-capped range presents the most remarkable variations,
lessness that made the death - warrant standing some little way back from the namely, from 16:9 to 85:1; these figures,
seem the nation's only security against southern coast of Dutch New Guinea. nevertheless, yield an average of 79. 5,
despotism. What Strafford's influence The Royal Geographical Society having which, though lower than might be
had meant, and was likely to mean had proffered a request to share in the adven; expected, approximates to the general
he lived, is shown by the fact that a whole ture, a considerable and well-equipped norm established for the Asiatic Pygmies,
installation of reactionary machinery, party, led by Mr. Walter Goodfellow, took namely, something not far above 80, the
Star Chamber Courts, Courts of High the field towards the end of 1909, and, point in the scale where the medium-
Commission, and such menaces to free with the generous assistance of the Nether- headed end and the round-headed begin.
dom-went helter-skelter after him to lands Government, resolutely attacked this Let us add that the available facts bearing
unknown part of one of the least-known on the physical and cultural characteristics
It is in the period following Strafford's countries in the world. Mr. Wollaston, of the Negritos are admirably summarized
death, and apparently under the influence who plays historian to the expedition, in a valuable Appendix contributed by
of the bitterness generated in the author's attended in the capacity of medical officer Dr. A. C. Haddon.
mind by the recital of that melancholy as well as in that of entomologist and
It should, however, be noted that Mr.
enactment, that Mr. Wade gives himself botanist. We may add that his previous Wollaston's observations relate entirely
up completely to the " boss," conspirator, experience, gained amongst the crags of to the Tapiro males, for the sufficient
wire-puller, mob-ruler, bogey-man view Rowenzori, made him especially com-
reason that a sight of the females was not
of Pym which does injustice to his petent for this kind of pioneer work, the vouchsafed to the expedition. A white-
subject and his own intelligence.
For difficulties and dangers of which can
bearded ancient, wasted by disease, seemed
so much of all that happened from hardly be overstated; and we are glad to have his tribe excellently well in hand ;
day to day and hour to hour is credited to learn that he is at present in charge of for though the other men seemed willing
to the sinister management of Pym another expedition which hopes to return enough to produce their womankind
and his colleagues, that really nothing from New Guinea in 1913.
in response to freely tendered bribes, the
is left to any other factor, personal or As Saul went forth to seek his father's headman adamant. Even threo
moral. Even when there is an obvious asses and found a kingdom, so the British bright axes, which made his one eye
reason for a certain occurrence-e. g. , for Ornithologists' Union's expedition went glisten with greed—and well it might,
the fact that the House rejected Pym’s forth to seek birds and found Pygmies. for nothing is so characteristic of the Stone
the grave.
was
## p. 702 (#524) ############################################
702
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4417, JUNE 22, 1912
manese,
Age as the desire to emerge from it-even
intricate and bewildering, and the ad-
these could not shake his indomitable will. Social Insurance in Germany, 1883-1911 : ministration is largely bureaucratic. The
It was not, as Mr. Wollaston is at pains
its History, Operation, Results, and a total cost, including the extensions of
to make clear, that the white men were
Comparison with the National Insurance 1911, runs to over 53,000,0001. a year.
suspected of evil designs. The Papuans
Act, 1911. By William Harbutt Daw. Mr. Dawson gives some interesting figures
who accompanied the explorers must be
son. (Fisher Unwin. )
of the amounts paid by leading firms
kept out of the way of temptation, because
in insurance premiums.
In 1907 the
they would seize any chance of abducting MR. HARBUTT Dawson is as industrious system cost Krupp's 176,8401. , but the
a Tapiro woman. Indeed, they boasted as he is useful. He knows Germany and great firm, not content with this, spent an
of having done so; and amongst them- the Germans look, stock, and barrel. It additional 264,0001. in the social service
selves the supply of wives seemed to be is one good result of the political contro- of its workers, the aggregate being equal
very scanty. We have here, by the by, versies of the last nine years that we have to nearly 5 per cent on its share capital,
an indication of the process whereby such been bidden to look at Germany. In the and 71. 158. for every member of its
a mixed race as came under Mr. William- business of examining and explaining the working staff.
son's notice might well be produced. great work that country has accomplished Of the economic incidence of these
The big man captures the small woman in the social and industrial sphere, Mr. huge sums there is, in general, no question.
more readily, one may imagine, than is Dawson has indisputably taken the first The insurance premiums become part of
likely to be the case when the proportions place. Twenty years ago people turned to the costs of production. Within the
are the other way about.
him in order that they might understand country, this matters little to individual
On the cultural side there is not much to volume after volume, he has kept English- same burdens. In competition in foreign
German Socialism, and ever since, in employers, since all are subject to the
be recorded as the fruit of a first en-
counter with these Pygmies. Like all German wisdom. When the national foreign competitors are free from similar
men in touch with German work and markets, the case is different so far as
and arrow, their bows, moreover, being attention was fixed on Germany in the or equivalent burdens. As, however, the
very long,
like those of the Great-Anda- knowledge and impartial investigations markets is a subject of complaint in all
cause of domestic controversy, his minute power of Germany to compete in foreign
must rely on stone to provide them with became an asset of first-rate importance quarters, and of consternation in some,
to that growing section of the public there is apparently a by; product of
worse off than the
Papuans of the adjacent which desires the best available guidance the social insurance system which counter-
on political questions. In a sense, his acts this result. It is usually thought,
swamps. The present reviewer has had
the opportunity of studying the contents ad hoc, like a laureate's ode or a public this compensatory action is to be found
Social Insurance in Germany' is a book and almost certainly with justice, that
of a wallet obtained by way of fair ex-
orator's speech.
change from the neck of a Tapiro, and can distinctly German subject was under worker, induced by the careful provision
But his silence when any in the increased efficiency of the German
testify that the numerous flakes of chert, public discussion would be unaccountable the insurance laws make for him. The
though well enough fitted to cut, scrape, as well as inconvenient. His book is system has not scotched Socialism. The
pierce, and so on, were in no single case
such that, if found casually on the ground,
no scissors and paste, no haphazard idea, said Bismarck frankly to Mr. Daw-
they could be confidently pronounced to farrago of chippings in the daily news son, was “ to bribe the working classes, or,
be human handiwork. Most interesting, paper style. It is at once complete and if you like to win them over to regard the
authoritative, useful to the politician State as a social institution existing for
perhaps, of all that concerns the arts and indispensable to the student.
of the Tapiro is the fact that they make | value
is enhanced by a multitude of It has not done this, and the slightest
Its their sake and interested in their welfare. "
fire by means of the split stick and rattan
foot - notes in
strip, a method, however, which is by no and diversities of the two systems of reveals the reason why it has so signally
which the similarities personal knowledge of the real Germany
means confined to the peoples of Negrito social insurance, German and British, are failed. The only enemy of German
stock.
fully, and even elaborately displayed. Socialism is just the one remedy that the
Of the social organization we learn It should be added that Mr. Dawson, here Bismarck school will not have respon-
nothing, for the simple reason that the and there, draws on recollections of consible, constitutional government. But the
explorers were unable to prosecute their versations he had with Bismarck when the social insurance system has improved the
inquiries in the Tapiro tongue. Indeed, Chancellor was laying the foundations of conditions of the workers, and this result
it is diverting to learn that they had, the system in the early eighties.
is its final justification.
perforce, to employ as makeshift inter-
We cannot pretend to indicate even the
preters those Papuans with whom, as they outlines of the social insurance of Ger-
slowly worked their way up from the coast, many. Last year the whole system,
their linguistic experiments had fared which had grown up piecemeal, was re- NOTES FROM CAMBRIDGE,
scarcely better. One supreme merit of organized and extended, and those who
Mr. Wollaston's book is that it is absolutely complain of the length and complexity AFTER many years of University life I
frank. His description of the difficulties of our Insurance Act would rejoice in the count myself exceedingly difficult to surprise.
attending the discovery of the name of brevity and simplicity of Mr. Lloyd George at two events this term : the request to Mr.
a place, or of the words for “father” and after an attempt to understand the Asquith for the appointment of a Royal
“mother,” deserves to rank as a locus German Consolidation Act, even when it is Commission to reform the University, and
classicus for the anthropologist. For it robbed of half its terrors by translation. the behaviour of the Council and the
points at least a twofold moral: first, The system covers insurance
insurance against Divinity Professors in their attempt to
that, to study a culture, a preliminary sickness, against accident, against in- throw open the B. D. and D. D. degrees.
acquaintance with the language is of validity, against death, for old age, and In the matter of the petition for a Com.
fundamental importance ; secondly, that for widows and survivors. It is on a mission, certain eminent men have acted
when a traveller knows nothing, or next contributory basis throughout. The
more like sulky children than responsible
to nothing, of the language, he should employers bear nearly the whole of the Senate refused to endorse their suggestions
members of a great Uni sity. Because the
honestly recognize his limitations as an cost of accident insurance, one-third of as to reforms, they have, so to speak, put
authority, instead of indulging in figments the cost of sickness insurance, and one-half their fingers into their mouths, and retired
that sooner or later must come back to of the cost of invalidity and old-age insur- into a dark corner. Because, say they, the
roost.
The State contributes only to the Senate does not like our reforms, we will
last - mentioned, in the form of a fixed try to burn the house down. The public
addition of 21. 108. to each invalidity or doubtless the answer expected is that they
may well ask what these reforms were, and
old-age pension. The modes of assessing would, if carried, have improved learning,
contributions are, at any rate on paper, opened up wider fields for research, and
ance.
## p. 703 (#525) ############################################
No. 4417, JUNE 22, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
703
as
are
enabled men who are real pioncors of Cam the list with twenty-three signatories, and On the question of the Divinity Degrees
bridge knowledge to obtain a competence though there are numbered among those little need be said. It will be decided by
without having to do their valuable work Dr. Ďalton, late Mayor of the Borough, Sir voto in the October term, and, if the pro-
at odd moments, and live by examining George Darwin, Mr. G. N. Watson, and posals are rejected, the blame will lie with
work, and college, or even private tutorial, other men of mark, the proportion to the the professors and the Council. A well.
drudgery. Or possibly it might have been total members of the Electoral Roll on the considered scheme would surely have passed,
supposed that the suggested reforms were books of the College is ridiculously small. as the co-operation of men of all creeds
inspired by zeal for making the University The fact is the whole agitation has been and parties interested in theology in Cam-
more accessible to the democracy, and little less than a fiasco. Two protests have bridge is truly remarkable. Everybody
restoring a condition of things which pre- been issued : a very temperate one by the regrets the resignation of the Master of
vailed in the Middle Ages and was revived Conservative party, and another by the Pembroke, who prefers ecclesiastical work
in the earlier years of the seventeenth Liberals containing these weighty words :- in the diocese of Canterbury to continuing
century, when a far larger proportion of
his academic pursuits. He has at all times
men in England were trained at Oxford or
"A statutory Commission to reform the Unii been a picturesque figure in the University,
Cambridge than are now being educated
the University was financially hampered by vested and his old-world courtesy made him a
at the older Universities, as well as the interests, if its revenues were squandered or charming host Vice-Chancellor, and
numerous modern ones which have sprung wastefully applied. This is at present
by no means greatly impressed foreign visitors.
Pem-
into being. Such schemes may be regarded
the case.
The education given to honour men,
broke Lodge will be difficult to fill, unless
with suspicion, not only by those dominated especially in all branches both of practical and
one of the
theoretical science, is highly efficient.
esent society accepts the
by mere class prejudice, but also by some
Mastership. The college has long been
who see in attempts to democratize learning It is high time that the older Universities managed on principles which an outsider
a weakening of the demands of true scholar. boldly assumed the defensive on these lines. might easily fail to understand, though
ship, whether literary or scientific. But, An institution has generally to defend itself they have worked extremely well, and
while some may criticize, no one will deny against charges which were more or less given Pembroke a position of exceptional
that these reformers animated by true fifty years or more ago, but have long stability. I hope the college will be
generous motives, and are worthy of respect. become absurd. The Cambridge against as fortunate at the next election as it was
It might also be assumed that the new which our reformers are tilting is the Cam- when it seeured the services of this retiring
reforms would be directed to making the bridge of the early fifties. To judge from Master.
expenses at Cambridge less, and thus attract- what one hears and reads, one might reason.
ing a wider public. Had the Senate thrown ably believe that the University is a clerical
Jesus College has been conspicuous in
out proposals of such a character, a cry for corporation where dons spend most of the
two very different ways : by securing the
reforms would have at least
merited atten- Anglican Toryism, and a few scanty hours has produced a goodly crop of controversy,
a Commission empowered to make drastic day in scheming to promote the interests of headship of the river, and putting up a
tion.
in teaching the classics. Their nights are
whilst the Cranmer celebrations have aroused
But the Senate has committed no such
devoted to drinking old port. A few ardent
enormity, it has simply injured the amour
spirits are supposed to teach mathematics,
interest. The rowing world is divided
propre of certain persons responsible for
because there is a saying that “ Cambridge
between the supporters of the “Jesus
is mathematical and Oxford classical. '
style" and the majority, who are in favour
suggestions which have neither inspired the
enthusiasm, nor received the acquiescence
Only the other day I heard a really disa orthodoxy seems to consist in looking all
of orthodoxy. At Cambridge, as elsewhere,
of a majority.
tinguished man of letters, in proposing
the health of Cambridge, remark with his
right and doing very little, and those who
The first scheme which was recommended usual courtesy that the name of no Cam-
manage to win are blamed for looking as
by the Council of the Senate was, it may be bridge scholar or scientist was known
if they were not getting the boat along, yet
recalled, to create a House of Residents in in the universities of the Continent, as if contriving to make it go faster than those
place of the Electoral Roll, and allow it
whose methods are in accordance with the
German anthropologists had borrowed from
to pass measures, reserving a right of appeal Dr. Frazer in complete ignorance of his established order. Good, however, will,
to the Senate. It is to be regretted that existence, or Sir Joseph Larmor was not
I trust, come out of a somewhat unseemly
Jesus
the Conservative opposition defeated
listened to with even more respect by French squabble, as it appears that the
proposal so innocent. But they did, and mathematicians
is only serviceable in shallow water,
than by an enraptured and that, if the Cam is deepened, the club
there is no more to be said except that House of Commons. Absurd as such
nobody would have been the better, or for charge is, it is only too readily believed, and
will go down—not in the river, but in the
that matter the worse, for its passing, nor
list of boats. On the need of dredging
the wickedness of this premature demand
would the cause of education have been in for a Commission is that it induces people it is to be hoped that an appeal for funds
the river there is perfect unanimity, and
any way advanced. The
econd reform to believe that Cambridge is now what its
was an ingenious financial scheme devised traducers falsely represented it to be sixty
will meet with a generous response.
by the Bursar of Trinity, spreading the years ago. Clericalism is indeed a feeble Cranmer's monument was unveiled on
payment of degree fees over the whole of a plant; it requires a brave man to proclaim June 13th in Jesus Chapel by the Bishop
man's course instead of exacting it in two that his sympathies are conservative, whilst of Ely, Visitor of the College, who made a
lump sums, when he is admitted a B. A. port wine is no longer a symbol of the peculiarly happy address on the martyred
and a M. A. How this would have really don. Any one who knows Cambridge must Archbishop, avoiding thin ice with remark-
met the need for reform no one can clearly know that it is a place where a great deal able skill, and dwelling on Cranmer's ser-
Yet, because these petty reforms of hard and unselfish work is done for a vices to liturgical reform and to the English
have been rejected, men who really ought scanty competence, in which progress since language. Cranmer was certainly no poet,
to know better clamour for a Commission. the last statutes came into operation in but he had the merit of knowing that he
This is what they say :
1882 has been truly remarkable, where new had not that gift. The music in the Chapel
was by Tallis and Martin Luther, and was
"In the five years. . . .
various proposals for studies are welcomed with ardour, and
Constitutional reform have been brought before endowed as liberally as possible out of the conducted by Dr. Mann. Mr. Bruce Joy's
the Senate of the University of Cambridge by the meagre resources of the University and the likeness of Cranmer was universally com-
Council of the Senate : but they have been without Colleges. This progress has been secured mended.
exception rejected by the Senate; and it is clear to
us that no further attempt of the kind is likely of events. To take a single example: in a
not by legislation, but in the natural course
I must strike a sad note in alluding to
to be successful. We, therefore, make our present college which had in 1882 two classical and
the death of the Master of Caius. Mr.
appeal for the appointment of a Commission. "
five mathematical lecturers and one in rallied, and passed away suddenly on
Roberts was taken ill at the Boat Races,
The names of those who signed for a theology, and eight of the fellows were
Commission supply food for thought. The occupied neither in teaching nor in the Sunday. Of him it may be said that the
better he was known, the more he was liked
list opens with twenty-three professors or work of research, instruction is now pro-
ex-professors. Of
of these no fewer
than eight vided in the subjects already mentioned, devotion to his college, which, in numbers,
and respected, and that he showed a lifelong
are not Cambridge men, and four of them and in history, anatomy, chemistry, modern learning, and general tone, thanks greatly
are comparatively recent importations. Of languages, mechanical science, &c. , and
the remaining sixty-nine, thirty-nine are
to him, now stands in the very forefront
every single fellow is engaged in active in Cambridge. His honest, strenuous life
members of two colleges Trinity and King's work as a teacher, University official, or
-and four colleges contributo only one
will long be remembered in the University,
research student. Yet this has been effected
name each. Six collegesClare, Pembroke, entirely from within, and in a society which
and especially in the College he served so
Queens', Jesus, Magdalene, and Sidney-
J.
has by no means a reputation for zeal for
well.
have held completely aloof, and these all reformation or progress.
i Of almost every
bear a good reputation for being wisely college as much, if not more, could be said
and cautiously administered. Trinity hoads with perfect truth,
8
a
see.
## p. 704 (#526) ############################################
6
on.
THE
AND
FOR THE
priests " ; the God of Israel, and also dots. The key - note of the book is struck
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. Christ, are the sun ; Moses, Aaron, and in the first four lines :-
Miriam are
celestials”; the kingdom
I have dreamed the dream of the unknown mens
INotice in those columns does not preclude longer of heaven is the “ celestial zodiac,? ? and so And stood on the sightless shore ;
review. )
We are invited, as the title suggests,
I have looked in the eyes of reality. . . .
And I am young no more.
Theology.
to adopt these values as the final truth
about the Bible.
There is some slight humour in the address
Drews (Arthur), THE WITNESSES TO THE
HISTORICITY OF JESUS, translated by Scripture Teaching in Secondary Schools : has escaped the attentions of a shark; and the
(in imitation of Gray) to a young lady who
Joseph McCabe, 6/ net.
Watts
PAPERS READ AT A CONFERENCE HELD author achieves a sort of triumph in his poem
Prof. Drews, in his Preface, explains that IN CAMBRIDGE 10–13 APRIL, 1912, To the Absolute,' where the appropriate
this volume is a new version, abbreviated edited by N. P. Wood, with a Preface by atmosphere of incomprehensibility is pro-
and amended, of the volume which formed
F. C. Burkitt, 1/6 net.
duced with complete success.
the second part of The Christ-Myth, a
Cambridge University Press
work which, with others written in the same
Bibliography.
sense, has, as is well known, aroused immense Three points are emphasized by the
excitement in Germany, and of which an
various well-known contributors of these
English translation was published by Mr. papers : that the Scriptures must be edited Bibliography of Works by officers, Non-
Commissioned Officers, and Men who
Fisher Unwin in 1910. The author issues for the young, that the results of historical
have ever Served in the Royal, Bengal,
this version, it appears, as a challenge to and textual criticism should be communicated
Madras, or Bombay Artillery, compiled
English theologians—to see whether they to pupils, and yet that spiritual teaching
and verified by Major John H. Leslie
can adduce better proof of the validity of should not be subordinated to literary
and Capt. D. Smith: Part IV. COLOMB-
the Christian faith than German theologians and historical culture. Most of the papers
DU BOULAY, 2]
Sheffield, Leng
of the so-called “Liberal ” school have, lack fervour and charm.
in his opinion, succeeded in adducing:
Bromley Public Library, SIXTEENTH REPORT
The line of argument in this book is thus not
Law.
OF THE COMMITTEE, 1911-12.
actually new. Readers of the former transla- Jenks (Edward), A SHORT HISTORY OF
The Library
tion, and readers also of Mr. J. M. Robertson's
ENGLISH LAW FROM EARLIEST Chelsea, Metropolitan Borough of, ANNUAL
books, will be prepared to find the Jewish
TIMES TO THE END OF THE YEAR 1911, REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC
and Roman witnesses to the historical
10/6 net.
Methuen LIBRARIES
MUSEUMS
existence of our Lord swept out of court as
either worthless or purely fictitious ; to hear
This is an admirable summary of Eng.
YEAR ENDING 31ST MARCH.
Pite & Thynne, 278A, King's Road,
that Paul knows nothing of an historical lish law in one volume written in a clear
Chelsea, S. W.
Jesus—that, indeed, the name of Paul is and readable style. The article on the laws
very likely only a general title for a number affecting labour should be read by all who Nottingham Public Libraries and Natural
of letter-writers seeking thus to give better are giving more than a superficial attention History Museum Committee, ANNUAL
authority to a religious system that went
to the present labour unrest. Few people are REPORT, 1911-12.
beyond the original Christianity”; to learn,
aware that a Minimum Wage Act was passed
Nottingham, Town Clerk
finally, that Isaiah and Wisdom and Job in the year 1350, which was subsequently All these catalogues contain points of
furnished the elements out of which were confirmed and alterod several times, and interest for the student of literary matters
elaborated the Christian theory of salvation only broke down in the later part of the to-day.
and the figure of Christ, while behind them eighteenth century, having worked fairly
we are to see the profound and widespread satisfactorily up to that date. Legal students
history and Biograpby.
idea of a suffering god, with its astral or beginning their work would do well to read
other naturalistic significance.
this book before undertaking the standard Complete Peerage of England, Scotland,
We are not in this place concerned to lift works on the subject.
Ireland, Great Britain and the United
the glove thus thrown down; we will only
Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant,
remark that none of those theologians here
Poetry.
by G. E. C. , New Edition, Revised
heartily despised ever expressed himself
and much Enlarged, edited by Vicary
with a more trenchant dogmatism than Prof. Alexander (Samuel John), THE INVERTED Gibbs : Vol. II. Bass--CANNING, 25/ net.
Drews ; none was ever more boisterously
TORCH, AND OTHER POEMS, $1. 50 net.
St. Catherine Press
scornful of an opponent, or more ready to
San Francisco, Robertson
This volume carries this important work
hypnotize the docile into acquiescence by American verse, full of that prismatic on as far as the Canning earldom. It
mere vehemence of assertion and calm quality which is the principal asset of Cali- displays more
reticence than its pre-
assumption of patronage. For the indocile fornian oratory. But we like the rhyme of decessor, which, whatever its high merits,
this polemical animosity tends to obscure “ facts" and " 1 in the ode to Mr. certainly did not err in that direction.
his argument. Moreover, the structure which Kipling.
The numerous appendixes given here contain
the author seeks to set up as the true, over
many lists, some of real importance. Among
against the traditional, Christianity hardly Lodge (George Cabot), POEMS AND DRAMAS, them is a valuable one of the Knights of the
warrants so much “cocksureness. 11 Built 2 vols. , $2. 50 net; and his LIFE, $1. 25 Garter, and another of the great officers of
up from data both slender and far apart, it net. New York, Houghton-Mifflin Co. State, both of which it is desirable to have
requires, merely to hold it together, a great
The late G. C. Lodge's poems and dramas in this accessible form. The ancient peerage of
amount of difficult piecing out by inference here collected are free from the floridity Berkeley is prefaced by a learned note on
and imagination ; while, in the end, a good and the provincialism which disfigure much baronies by tenure, commenting on the
deal of it remains vulnerable to the weapons, American verse ; except where the influence changes in peerage law; while the Scottish
not so much of scholarship or theology, as
of Swinburne is visible, they are marked by titles of Breadalbane, Borthwick, and Buc-
of plain common sense and knowledge of
an almost bald simplicity. Mr. Lodge, cleuch have interesting animadversions on
human nature.
though industrious and thoughtful, had difficult questions in their history. Another
Gwatkin (Henry Melvill), EARLY CHURCH nothing new to say and nothing melodious useful foot-note illustrates the change of
HISTORY TO A. D. 313, 2 vols. , 17/ net. to sing. His work is free from glaring faults, the style “Earl of” to “Earl so-and-so. " The
Macmillan but his merits are purely negative. There is unpleasing origins of several modern peerages
The present edition has undergone slight an Introduction (full of journalistic clichés) are commented on. It seems curious that
in this useful work there is no mention of
modifications in the light of recent research, from the pen of Mr. Roosevelt. It is enter-
entailing some addition to the bibliography; taining to find that eminent man-piston, Bothwell's Norwegian “ wife," or of " Mrs.
but otherwise the position of the writer who“ feels like a young bull-moose after Williams,” whom Pepys regarded (for a time)
remains as pronounced as it was nearly beating his enemies to a frazzle," quoting as certainly married to his friend Lord
three years ago. We criticized the book on
from an unexpected source “He lived Brouncker,
its first appearance (Athen. , Oct. 16, 1909, detached days. . . . Deaf was he to world's
p. 457) for its prejudice against the Trac- tongue. ” The annexed 'Life of the poet Lacy (Mary E. ), WITH DANTE IN MODERN
FLORENCE, 6/ net.
tarians,
John Murray
is sufficiently commonplace.
its rigid conservatism, and its
asperity.
Perhaps all of the contents of this excel-
Low (Benjamin R. C. ), THE SAILOR WHO HAS lent little book are to be found in other
Jarvis (George Millen), A TWENTIETH- SAILED, AND OTHER POEMS, 5/ net. English books, but scarcely in 9o nandy and
CENTURY INTERPRETATION
New York, John Lane Co. compact a form ; and its value is increased
BIBLE, $1. 50 net. Chicago, the Author
Mr. Low's verse is of the more cultured by twenty-eight well-chosen illustrations
The interpretation here offered is astral. magazine type, pretty, but vague, with the from photographs. It would have been
The Bible is the work of “
astronomical ! inexpressible indicated by serried rows of wiser if the writer had frankly stated in
wax
OF
THE
## p. 705 (#527) ############################################
No. 4417, JUNE 22, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
705
the preface her indebtedness to some of
her English predecessors; but the book Geography and Travel.
Sports and pastimes.
shows originality in the skill with which a
slight sketch of the poet's life is interwoven
Cambridge County Geographies : DUMFRIES- St. Quintin (Col. T. A. ), CHANCES OF SPORTS
with local descriptions of Florence and SHIRE, by James King Hewison ; OF SORTS.
Blackwood
Ravenna. With Florence in particular the
PERTHSHIRE, by Peter MacNair ; and
"I'm a great believer in chances, and I've
author displays an intimate acquaintance ;
RENFREWSHIRE, by Frederick Mort,
had my sbare. Chances of high position, chances
and her efforts to disentangle the city of
1/6 each
Cambridge University Press of big fortunes, chances at big heads, chances at
Dante's time from the far-different Florence The humanistic view of geography is all the many varied games I've played. Some
of modern guide-books, by which it is now successfully adopted in those interesting little
I've grasped, some l've missed, and when the
chances came, whether it was hit or miss, I never
overlaid and almost concealed, are pre- books. Mr. MacNair's 'Perthshire' suffers
felt quite certain on each occasion whether it
eminently successful. After a brief introduc- from over-technical terminology.
was from being too confident and sanguine, or
tion on the origin and early history of the
not enough so. Never mind; after all, whether
city, she devotes two chapters to the Florence
Outfit and Equipment : FOR THE TRAVELLER, ill or good, it is the varied chances that create
Without
of Dante, and to that quarter of it in which EXPLORER, AND SPORTSMAN, edited by the excitements and pleasures of life.
them what is it? ”
he lived. Admirable as these pages are for
Eustace Reynolds-Ball, with Contribu-
their clearness and accuracy, their effect tions by Sir H. H. Johnston, Harry de Thus Col. St. Quintin in his Introduction.
would have been enhanced, for those who Windt, F. C. Selous, and others.
He further wisely lays down and obeys the
have seen Florence, by a plan of the modern
Reynolds-Ball's Guides rule that religion, politics, and the ladies
city, showing the position of the Cerchia This volume is evidently intended for
are not to be discussed. He thanks various
Antica, and of the wider circuit of walls inexperienced travellers in the first place, persons for aid, specially Mr. William Black-
erected in Dante's day by Arnolfo del though probably those with some experience wood-in whose magazine many of the
Cambio. The following chapters deal with are the most likely to profit by its use. For stories have appeared—“ for having given
the more important buildings then, and discrimination is required in order to decide me my head and allowed me to blunder over
still, standing, and with the great churches what articles mentioned may safely be the country in my own way without a curb. ”
--the Duomo, Santa Maria Novella, and omitted when one is making preparations for In doing so Mr. Blackwood showed the
Santa Croce which were all begun during a journey. Many matters are discussed, and clearest perception of what would attract
that remarkable period. There is a short advice for the most part sound, though in readers, for from start to finish there is
review of thirteenth-century art, as seen cases difficult to follow- is freely given. not a dull page. No pretence is made of fine
especially in the master and pupil, Cimabue Outfit and equipment for hot and cold writing, but there is a strong flavour of the
and Giotto, and of the personal relations of countries, how to preserve health and to deal language of various sports.
Dante with the latter painter. The last with sickness, the batteries for sportsmen The charm of the book consists less in the
chapter, which is entitled 'Florence in various countries, and even an angling author's power of description, though that
Repentant, recalls the successive efforts outfit, are all dealt with reasonably.
is considerable, than in his manner of taking
made by the Republic to atone for her
the reader into his confidence and revealing
outrageous treatment of her great citizen Pullen-Burry (B. ), FROM HALIFAX TO VAN- much of his own life. Its scope is varied.
and to recover his bones from their last
COUVER, 12/6 net.
Mills & Boon The author served twenty-six years in the
resting - place at Ravenna. The author in-
clines to the view, which has recently been to be Imperialist first of all
, then traveller, the Remount
Department, visiting Australia
The author of the present volume claims Hussars for six years, and was employed in
10th Hussars ; he also commanded the 8th
much disputed, that Dante studied both at and lastly lecturer. She is able, therefore, in the course of business. During these
Paris and Oxford; but the evidence she
adduces for the Oxford visit rests only on
to find other subjects than Woman's Suffrage
tradition, though supported by a vague
to discuss, though her observations have years he saw much hunting, racing, pig-
expression in a poem of Boccaccio. “For the naturally been directed largely from the sticking, polo, and shooting in many parts
embassy to Rome in 1301, which has also
woman's point of view. Unfortunately for each sport. The account of his travels in
of the world, and has adequately described
been contested, and which she is inclined
to the Dominion; these observations have and beyond the Himalaya is true to nature.
reject, she gives only the late authority of resulted in the opinion that Canadian In the list of illustrations (p. vii) one is
Leonardo Bruni
, though it is expressly women in the West, at any rate hare less mentioned at p. 144, but does not appear
mentioned by the contemporary
Dino prosperous than any others of their sex
there in the copy before us.
Compagni, and is accepted in our own day amongst civilized people.
by Prof. Villari. As a whole the book is
It is noticeable that her book increases in
Col. St. Quintin is confessedly no fisher-
singularly free from inaccuracies and un-
interest
with the turning of its pages. Perhaps hooked a tarpon off the
Mexican coast which,
man, yet he can tell an angler's tale.
peace, peace,” when there soul of England in that day had in it the Mr. Wollaston's is the more perfect
was no peace. Finally, there are at least potentiality of ten thousand Pyms : but specimen. . The little men from the moun-
an equal number of original Adventurers,
one was enough. It is true that he has tainous hinterland of the Mekeo district
mentioned in the Patent, whose names been too much forgotten. But it is not of British New Guinea were of a strain in
have no prophetic import, and thus point in this way that he is to be remembered. which, even if the Negrito predominate,
the fallacy of giving backward and forward He is to be remembered as the man who, Papuan and Papuo-Melanesian elements
significance to a momentary grouping. more powerfully than any one before are likewise in some degree present, as
The “ Providence " adventure is inter in English history, brought the conception the photographs reveal clearly enough.
esting as an episode, but its discovery of the Nation, of the organic body of But the west-end Pygmies, who are to
has been the undoing of Mr. Wade’s book. English people throughout all its members, be known henceforth as the Tapiro,
Even without the misleading influence of forward into the centre of our politics, reveal themselves, by the same test, as
its dramatic and lurid suggestions, his and who enounced the conception of of purer stock.
view of Pym would have lacked entirety Parliament as the perceiving mind and Their stature is, of course, the most
and detachment, since the exoneration executive conscience of the body politic. striking of their peculiar features. The
and even apotheosis of Strafford, which
average for the Tapiro works out at
are here attempted, must needs have
4 ft. 9 in. , with 4 ft. 41 in. and 5 ft. 04 in.
carried a condign judgment of Strafford's
as the extremes of variation. Again, the
This is the most effective part
hairiness of their faces is at once notice-
of the book, but mainly through suppres. Pygmies and Papuans : the Stone Age able, there being likewise a good deal of
sion of the considerations which would To-day in Dutch New Guinea. By short, downy hair scattered about the
not have contributed to the desired effect. A. F. R. Wollaston. (Smith, Elder body. The colour of the head-hair, which
There is no need to deny that Strafford & Co. )
is short and woolly, is mostly black;
was a great man in his own quality, and
though it seemed to be brown in two or
one who might well, in a certain national The British Ornithologists' Union was
three cases. (Mr. Williamson, on the
conjuncture, have been the glory and founded in 1858, and, having flourished other hand, makes a great point of the
shield of his country. But as little need for half a century, resolved, four years ago, tendency to brown rather than black
it be denied that in the actual conditions to render its jubilee memorable by under- displayed by the hair of his Mafulu. ) The
he was wrong, and the more dangerously taking some great zoological expedition. skin, meanwhile, is of a lighter colour
wrong for being so great a man. The As Mr. Ogilvie-Grant explains in his than that of their Papuan neighbours,
burden of his death must be laid on King Introduction, the occasion served to bring some individuals being almost yellow.
Charles, not because the King signed to a head a scheme which he had long Finally, the cephalic index, on which
his death-warrant after promising that cherished of exploring the mysterious Snow criterion of race anthropologists are apt
nothing should make him do so, but be- Mountains, which the passing voyager far too exclusively to pin their faith,
cause it was Charles's complete trust- descries as a gleaming, cloud-capped range presents the most remarkable variations,
lessness that made the death - warrant standing some little way back from the namely, from 16:9 to 85:1; these figures,
seem the nation's only security against southern coast of Dutch New Guinea. nevertheless, yield an average of 79. 5,
despotism. What Strafford's influence The Royal Geographical Society having which, though lower than might be
had meant, and was likely to mean had proffered a request to share in the adven; expected, approximates to the general
he lived, is shown by the fact that a whole ture, a considerable and well-equipped norm established for the Asiatic Pygmies,
installation of reactionary machinery, party, led by Mr. Walter Goodfellow, took namely, something not far above 80, the
Star Chamber Courts, Courts of High the field towards the end of 1909, and, point in the scale where the medium-
Commission, and such menaces to free with the generous assistance of the Nether- headed end and the round-headed begin.
dom-went helter-skelter after him to lands Government, resolutely attacked this Let us add that the available facts bearing
unknown part of one of the least-known on the physical and cultural characteristics
It is in the period following Strafford's countries in the world. Mr. Wollaston, of the Negritos are admirably summarized
death, and apparently under the influence who plays historian to the expedition, in a valuable Appendix contributed by
of the bitterness generated in the author's attended in the capacity of medical officer Dr. A. C. Haddon.
mind by the recital of that melancholy as well as in that of entomologist and
It should, however, be noted that Mr.
enactment, that Mr. Wade gives himself botanist. We may add that his previous Wollaston's observations relate entirely
up completely to the " boss," conspirator, experience, gained amongst the crags of to the Tapiro males, for the sufficient
wire-puller, mob-ruler, bogey-man view Rowenzori, made him especially com-
reason that a sight of the females was not
of Pym which does injustice to his petent for this kind of pioneer work, the vouchsafed to the expedition. A white-
subject and his own intelligence.
For difficulties and dangers of which can
bearded ancient, wasted by disease, seemed
so much of all that happened from hardly be overstated; and we are glad to have his tribe excellently well in hand ;
day to day and hour to hour is credited to learn that he is at present in charge of for though the other men seemed willing
to the sinister management of Pym another expedition which hopes to return enough to produce their womankind
and his colleagues, that really nothing from New Guinea in 1913.
in response to freely tendered bribes, the
is left to any other factor, personal or As Saul went forth to seek his father's headman adamant. Even threo
moral. Even when there is an obvious asses and found a kingdom, so the British bright axes, which made his one eye
reason for a certain occurrence-e. g. , for Ornithologists' Union's expedition went glisten with greed—and well it might,
the fact that the House rejected Pym’s forth to seek birds and found Pygmies. for nothing is so characteristic of the Stone
the grave.
was
## p. 702 (#524) ############################################
702
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4417, JUNE 22, 1912
manese,
Age as the desire to emerge from it-even
intricate and bewildering, and the ad-
these could not shake his indomitable will. Social Insurance in Germany, 1883-1911 : ministration is largely bureaucratic. The
It was not, as Mr. Wollaston is at pains
its History, Operation, Results, and a total cost, including the extensions of
to make clear, that the white men were
Comparison with the National Insurance 1911, runs to over 53,000,0001. a year.
suspected of evil designs. The Papuans
Act, 1911. By William Harbutt Daw. Mr. Dawson gives some interesting figures
who accompanied the explorers must be
son. (Fisher Unwin. )
of the amounts paid by leading firms
kept out of the way of temptation, because
in insurance premiums.
In 1907 the
they would seize any chance of abducting MR. HARBUTT Dawson is as industrious system cost Krupp's 176,8401. , but the
a Tapiro woman. Indeed, they boasted as he is useful. He knows Germany and great firm, not content with this, spent an
of having done so; and amongst them- the Germans look, stock, and barrel. It additional 264,0001. in the social service
selves the supply of wives seemed to be is one good result of the political contro- of its workers, the aggregate being equal
very scanty. We have here, by the by, versies of the last nine years that we have to nearly 5 per cent on its share capital,
an indication of the process whereby such been bidden to look at Germany. In the and 71. 158. for every member of its
a mixed race as came under Mr. William- business of examining and explaining the working staff.
son's notice might well be produced. great work that country has accomplished Of the economic incidence of these
The big man captures the small woman in the social and industrial sphere, Mr. huge sums there is, in general, no question.
more readily, one may imagine, than is Dawson has indisputably taken the first The insurance premiums become part of
likely to be the case when the proportions place. Twenty years ago people turned to the costs of production. Within the
are the other way about.
him in order that they might understand country, this matters little to individual
On the cultural side there is not much to volume after volume, he has kept English- same burdens. In competition in foreign
German Socialism, and ever since, in employers, since all are subject to the
be recorded as the fruit of a first en-
counter with these Pygmies. Like all German wisdom. When the national foreign competitors are free from similar
men in touch with German work and markets, the case is different so far as
and arrow, their bows, moreover, being attention was fixed on Germany in the or equivalent burdens. As, however, the
very long,
like those of the Great-Anda- knowledge and impartial investigations markets is a subject of complaint in all
cause of domestic controversy, his minute power of Germany to compete in foreign
must rely on stone to provide them with became an asset of first-rate importance quarters, and of consternation in some,
to that growing section of the public there is apparently a by; product of
worse off than the
Papuans of the adjacent which desires the best available guidance the social insurance system which counter-
on political questions. In a sense, his acts this result. It is usually thought,
swamps. The present reviewer has had
the opportunity of studying the contents ad hoc, like a laureate's ode or a public this compensatory action is to be found
Social Insurance in Germany' is a book and almost certainly with justice, that
of a wallet obtained by way of fair ex-
orator's speech.
change from the neck of a Tapiro, and can distinctly German subject was under worker, induced by the careful provision
But his silence when any in the increased efficiency of the German
testify that the numerous flakes of chert, public discussion would be unaccountable the insurance laws make for him. The
though well enough fitted to cut, scrape, as well as inconvenient. His book is system has not scotched Socialism. The
pierce, and so on, were in no single case
such that, if found casually on the ground,
no scissors and paste, no haphazard idea, said Bismarck frankly to Mr. Daw-
they could be confidently pronounced to farrago of chippings in the daily news son, was “ to bribe the working classes, or,
be human handiwork. Most interesting, paper style. It is at once complete and if you like to win them over to regard the
authoritative, useful to the politician State as a social institution existing for
perhaps, of all that concerns the arts and indispensable to the student.
of the Tapiro is the fact that they make | value
is enhanced by a multitude of It has not done this, and the slightest
Its their sake and interested in their welfare. "
fire by means of the split stick and rattan
foot - notes in
strip, a method, however, which is by no and diversities of the two systems of reveals the reason why it has so signally
which the similarities personal knowledge of the real Germany
means confined to the peoples of Negrito social insurance, German and British, are failed. The only enemy of German
stock.
fully, and even elaborately displayed. Socialism is just the one remedy that the
Of the social organization we learn It should be added that Mr. Dawson, here Bismarck school will not have respon-
nothing, for the simple reason that the and there, draws on recollections of consible, constitutional government. But the
explorers were unable to prosecute their versations he had with Bismarck when the social insurance system has improved the
inquiries in the Tapiro tongue. Indeed, Chancellor was laying the foundations of conditions of the workers, and this result
it is diverting to learn that they had, the system in the early eighties.
is its final justification.
perforce, to employ as makeshift inter-
We cannot pretend to indicate even the
preters those Papuans with whom, as they outlines of the social insurance of Ger-
slowly worked their way up from the coast, many. Last year the whole system,
their linguistic experiments had fared which had grown up piecemeal, was re- NOTES FROM CAMBRIDGE,
scarcely better. One supreme merit of organized and extended, and those who
Mr. Wollaston's book is that it is absolutely complain of the length and complexity AFTER many years of University life I
frank. His description of the difficulties of our Insurance Act would rejoice in the count myself exceedingly difficult to surprise.
attending the discovery of the name of brevity and simplicity of Mr. Lloyd George at two events this term : the request to Mr.
a place, or of the words for “father” and after an attempt to understand the Asquith for the appointment of a Royal
“mother,” deserves to rank as a locus German Consolidation Act, even when it is Commission to reform the University, and
classicus for the anthropologist. For it robbed of half its terrors by translation. the behaviour of the Council and the
points at least a twofold moral: first, The system covers insurance
insurance against Divinity Professors in their attempt to
that, to study a culture, a preliminary sickness, against accident, against in- throw open the B. D. and D. D. degrees.
acquaintance with the language is of validity, against death, for old age, and In the matter of the petition for a Com.
fundamental importance ; secondly, that for widows and survivors. It is on a mission, certain eminent men have acted
when a traveller knows nothing, or next contributory basis throughout. The
more like sulky children than responsible
to nothing, of the language, he should employers bear nearly the whole of the Senate refused to endorse their suggestions
members of a great Uni sity. Because the
honestly recognize his limitations as an cost of accident insurance, one-third of as to reforms, they have, so to speak, put
authority, instead of indulging in figments the cost of sickness insurance, and one-half their fingers into their mouths, and retired
that sooner or later must come back to of the cost of invalidity and old-age insur- into a dark corner. Because, say they, the
roost.
The State contributes only to the Senate does not like our reforms, we will
last - mentioned, in the form of a fixed try to burn the house down. The public
addition of 21. 108. to each invalidity or doubtless the answer expected is that they
may well ask what these reforms were, and
old-age pension. The modes of assessing would, if carried, have improved learning,
contributions are, at any rate on paper, opened up wider fields for research, and
ance.
## p. 703 (#525) ############################################
No. 4417, JUNE 22, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
703
as
are
enabled men who are real pioncors of Cam the list with twenty-three signatories, and On the question of the Divinity Degrees
bridge knowledge to obtain a competence though there are numbered among those little need be said. It will be decided by
without having to do their valuable work Dr. Ďalton, late Mayor of the Borough, Sir voto in the October term, and, if the pro-
at odd moments, and live by examining George Darwin, Mr. G. N. Watson, and posals are rejected, the blame will lie with
work, and college, or even private tutorial, other men of mark, the proportion to the the professors and the Council. A well.
drudgery. Or possibly it might have been total members of the Electoral Roll on the considered scheme would surely have passed,
supposed that the suggested reforms were books of the College is ridiculously small. as the co-operation of men of all creeds
inspired by zeal for making the University The fact is the whole agitation has been and parties interested in theology in Cam-
more accessible to the democracy, and little less than a fiasco. Two protests have bridge is truly remarkable. Everybody
restoring a condition of things which pre- been issued : a very temperate one by the regrets the resignation of the Master of
vailed in the Middle Ages and was revived Conservative party, and another by the Pembroke, who prefers ecclesiastical work
in the earlier years of the seventeenth Liberals containing these weighty words :- in the diocese of Canterbury to continuing
century, when a far larger proportion of
his academic pursuits. He has at all times
men in England were trained at Oxford or
"A statutory Commission to reform the Unii been a picturesque figure in the University,
Cambridge than are now being educated
the University was financially hampered by vested and his old-world courtesy made him a
at the older Universities, as well as the interests, if its revenues were squandered or charming host Vice-Chancellor, and
numerous modern ones which have sprung wastefully applied. This is at present
by no means greatly impressed foreign visitors.
Pem-
into being. Such schemes may be regarded
the case.
The education given to honour men,
broke Lodge will be difficult to fill, unless
with suspicion, not only by those dominated especially in all branches both of practical and
one of the
theoretical science, is highly efficient.
esent society accepts the
by mere class prejudice, but also by some
Mastership. The college has long been
who see in attempts to democratize learning It is high time that the older Universities managed on principles which an outsider
a weakening of the demands of true scholar. boldly assumed the defensive on these lines. might easily fail to understand, though
ship, whether literary or scientific. But, An institution has generally to defend itself they have worked extremely well, and
while some may criticize, no one will deny against charges which were more or less given Pembroke a position of exceptional
that these reformers animated by true fifty years or more ago, but have long stability. I hope the college will be
generous motives, and are worthy of respect. become absurd. The Cambridge against as fortunate at the next election as it was
It might also be assumed that the new which our reformers are tilting is the Cam- when it seeured the services of this retiring
reforms would be directed to making the bridge of the early fifties. To judge from Master.
expenses at Cambridge less, and thus attract- what one hears and reads, one might reason.
ing a wider public. Had the Senate thrown ably believe that the University is a clerical
Jesus College has been conspicuous in
out proposals of such a character, a cry for corporation where dons spend most of the
two very different ways : by securing the
reforms would have at least
merited atten- Anglican Toryism, and a few scanty hours has produced a goodly crop of controversy,
a Commission empowered to make drastic day in scheming to promote the interests of headship of the river, and putting up a
tion.
in teaching the classics. Their nights are
whilst the Cranmer celebrations have aroused
But the Senate has committed no such
devoted to drinking old port. A few ardent
enormity, it has simply injured the amour
spirits are supposed to teach mathematics,
interest. The rowing world is divided
propre of certain persons responsible for
because there is a saying that “ Cambridge
between the supporters of the “Jesus
is mathematical and Oxford classical. '
style" and the majority, who are in favour
suggestions which have neither inspired the
enthusiasm, nor received the acquiescence
Only the other day I heard a really disa orthodoxy seems to consist in looking all
of orthodoxy. At Cambridge, as elsewhere,
of a majority.
tinguished man of letters, in proposing
the health of Cambridge, remark with his
right and doing very little, and those who
The first scheme which was recommended usual courtesy that the name of no Cam-
manage to win are blamed for looking as
by the Council of the Senate was, it may be bridge scholar or scientist was known
if they were not getting the boat along, yet
recalled, to create a House of Residents in in the universities of the Continent, as if contriving to make it go faster than those
place of the Electoral Roll, and allow it
whose methods are in accordance with the
German anthropologists had borrowed from
to pass measures, reserving a right of appeal Dr. Frazer in complete ignorance of his established order. Good, however, will,
to the Senate. It is to be regretted that existence, or Sir Joseph Larmor was not
I trust, come out of a somewhat unseemly
Jesus
the Conservative opposition defeated
listened to with even more respect by French squabble, as it appears that the
proposal so innocent. But they did, and mathematicians
is only serviceable in shallow water,
than by an enraptured and that, if the Cam is deepened, the club
there is no more to be said except that House of Commons. Absurd as such
nobody would have been the better, or for charge is, it is only too readily believed, and
will go down—not in the river, but in the
that matter the worse, for its passing, nor
list of boats. On the need of dredging
the wickedness of this premature demand
would the cause of education have been in for a Commission is that it induces people it is to be hoped that an appeal for funds
the river there is perfect unanimity, and
any way advanced. The
econd reform to believe that Cambridge is now what its
was an ingenious financial scheme devised traducers falsely represented it to be sixty
will meet with a generous response.
by the Bursar of Trinity, spreading the years ago. Clericalism is indeed a feeble Cranmer's monument was unveiled on
payment of degree fees over the whole of a plant; it requires a brave man to proclaim June 13th in Jesus Chapel by the Bishop
man's course instead of exacting it in two that his sympathies are conservative, whilst of Ely, Visitor of the College, who made a
lump sums, when he is admitted a B. A. port wine is no longer a symbol of the peculiarly happy address on the martyred
and a M. A. How this would have really don. Any one who knows Cambridge must Archbishop, avoiding thin ice with remark-
met the need for reform no one can clearly know that it is a place where a great deal able skill, and dwelling on Cranmer's ser-
Yet, because these petty reforms of hard and unselfish work is done for a vices to liturgical reform and to the English
have been rejected, men who really ought scanty competence, in which progress since language. Cranmer was certainly no poet,
to know better clamour for a Commission. the last statutes came into operation in but he had the merit of knowing that he
This is what they say :
1882 has been truly remarkable, where new had not that gift. The music in the Chapel
was by Tallis and Martin Luther, and was
"In the five years. . . .
various proposals for studies are welcomed with ardour, and
Constitutional reform have been brought before endowed as liberally as possible out of the conducted by Dr. Mann. Mr. Bruce Joy's
the Senate of the University of Cambridge by the meagre resources of the University and the likeness of Cranmer was universally com-
Council of the Senate : but they have been without Colleges. This progress has been secured mended.
exception rejected by the Senate; and it is clear to
us that no further attempt of the kind is likely of events. To take a single example: in a
not by legislation, but in the natural course
I must strike a sad note in alluding to
to be successful. We, therefore, make our present college which had in 1882 two classical and
the death of the Master of Caius. Mr.
appeal for the appointment of a Commission. "
five mathematical lecturers and one in rallied, and passed away suddenly on
Roberts was taken ill at the Boat Races,
The names of those who signed for a theology, and eight of the fellows were
Commission supply food for thought. The occupied neither in teaching nor in the Sunday. Of him it may be said that the
better he was known, the more he was liked
list opens with twenty-three professors or work of research, instruction is now pro-
ex-professors. Of
of these no fewer
than eight vided in the subjects already mentioned, devotion to his college, which, in numbers,
and respected, and that he showed a lifelong
are not Cambridge men, and four of them and in history, anatomy, chemistry, modern learning, and general tone, thanks greatly
are comparatively recent importations. Of languages, mechanical science, &c. , and
the remaining sixty-nine, thirty-nine are
to him, now stands in the very forefront
every single fellow is engaged in active in Cambridge. His honest, strenuous life
members of two colleges Trinity and King's work as a teacher, University official, or
-and four colleges contributo only one
will long be remembered in the University,
research student. Yet this has been effected
name each. Six collegesClare, Pembroke, entirely from within, and in a society which
and especially in the College he served so
Queens', Jesus, Magdalene, and Sidney-
J.
has by no means a reputation for zeal for
well.
have held completely aloof, and these all reformation or progress.
i Of almost every
bear a good reputation for being wisely college as much, if not more, could be said
and cautiously administered. Trinity hoads with perfect truth,
8
a
see.
## p. 704 (#526) ############################################
6
on.
THE
AND
FOR THE
priests " ; the God of Israel, and also dots. The key - note of the book is struck
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. Christ, are the sun ; Moses, Aaron, and in the first four lines :-
Miriam are
celestials”; the kingdom
I have dreamed the dream of the unknown mens
INotice in those columns does not preclude longer of heaven is the “ celestial zodiac,? ? and so And stood on the sightless shore ;
review. )
We are invited, as the title suggests,
I have looked in the eyes of reality. . . .
And I am young no more.
Theology.
to adopt these values as the final truth
about the Bible.
There is some slight humour in the address
Drews (Arthur), THE WITNESSES TO THE
HISTORICITY OF JESUS, translated by Scripture Teaching in Secondary Schools : has escaped the attentions of a shark; and the
(in imitation of Gray) to a young lady who
Joseph McCabe, 6/ net.
Watts
PAPERS READ AT A CONFERENCE HELD author achieves a sort of triumph in his poem
Prof. Drews, in his Preface, explains that IN CAMBRIDGE 10–13 APRIL, 1912, To the Absolute,' where the appropriate
this volume is a new version, abbreviated edited by N. P. Wood, with a Preface by atmosphere of incomprehensibility is pro-
and amended, of the volume which formed
F. C. Burkitt, 1/6 net.
duced with complete success.
the second part of The Christ-Myth, a
Cambridge University Press
work which, with others written in the same
Bibliography.
sense, has, as is well known, aroused immense Three points are emphasized by the
excitement in Germany, and of which an
various well-known contributors of these
English translation was published by Mr. papers : that the Scriptures must be edited Bibliography of Works by officers, Non-
Commissioned Officers, and Men who
Fisher Unwin in 1910. The author issues for the young, that the results of historical
have ever Served in the Royal, Bengal,
this version, it appears, as a challenge to and textual criticism should be communicated
Madras, or Bombay Artillery, compiled
English theologians—to see whether they to pupils, and yet that spiritual teaching
and verified by Major John H. Leslie
can adduce better proof of the validity of should not be subordinated to literary
and Capt. D. Smith: Part IV. COLOMB-
the Christian faith than German theologians and historical culture. Most of the papers
DU BOULAY, 2]
Sheffield, Leng
of the so-called “Liberal ” school have, lack fervour and charm.
in his opinion, succeeded in adducing:
Bromley Public Library, SIXTEENTH REPORT
The line of argument in this book is thus not
Law.
OF THE COMMITTEE, 1911-12.
actually new. Readers of the former transla- Jenks (Edward), A SHORT HISTORY OF
The Library
tion, and readers also of Mr. J. M. Robertson's
ENGLISH LAW FROM EARLIEST Chelsea, Metropolitan Borough of, ANNUAL
books, will be prepared to find the Jewish
TIMES TO THE END OF THE YEAR 1911, REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC
and Roman witnesses to the historical
10/6 net.
Methuen LIBRARIES
MUSEUMS
existence of our Lord swept out of court as
either worthless or purely fictitious ; to hear
This is an admirable summary of Eng.
YEAR ENDING 31ST MARCH.
Pite & Thynne, 278A, King's Road,
that Paul knows nothing of an historical lish law in one volume written in a clear
Chelsea, S. W.
Jesus—that, indeed, the name of Paul is and readable style. The article on the laws
very likely only a general title for a number affecting labour should be read by all who Nottingham Public Libraries and Natural
of letter-writers seeking thus to give better are giving more than a superficial attention History Museum Committee, ANNUAL
authority to a religious system that went
to the present labour unrest. Few people are REPORT, 1911-12.
beyond the original Christianity”; to learn,
aware that a Minimum Wage Act was passed
Nottingham, Town Clerk
finally, that Isaiah and Wisdom and Job in the year 1350, which was subsequently All these catalogues contain points of
furnished the elements out of which were confirmed and alterod several times, and interest for the student of literary matters
elaborated the Christian theory of salvation only broke down in the later part of the to-day.
and the figure of Christ, while behind them eighteenth century, having worked fairly
we are to see the profound and widespread satisfactorily up to that date. Legal students
history and Biograpby.
idea of a suffering god, with its astral or beginning their work would do well to read
other naturalistic significance.
this book before undertaking the standard Complete Peerage of England, Scotland,
We are not in this place concerned to lift works on the subject.
Ireland, Great Britain and the United
the glove thus thrown down; we will only
Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant,
remark that none of those theologians here
Poetry.
by G. E. C. , New Edition, Revised
heartily despised ever expressed himself
and much Enlarged, edited by Vicary
with a more trenchant dogmatism than Prof. Alexander (Samuel John), THE INVERTED Gibbs : Vol. II. Bass--CANNING, 25/ net.
Drews ; none was ever more boisterously
TORCH, AND OTHER POEMS, $1. 50 net.
St. Catherine Press
scornful of an opponent, or more ready to
San Francisco, Robertson
This volume carries this important work
hypnotize the docile into acquiescence by American verse, full of that prismatic on as far as the Canning earldom. It
mere vehemence of assertion and calm quality which is the principal asset of Cali- displays more
reticence than its pre-
assumption of patronage. For the indocile fornian oratory. But we like the rhyme of decessor, which, whatever its high merits,
this polemical animosity tends to obscure “ facts" and " 1 in the ode to Mr. certainly did not err in that direction.
his argument. Moreover, the structure which Kipling.
The numerous appendixes given here contain
the author seeks to set up as the true, over
many lists, some of real importance. Among
against the traditional, Christianity hardly Lodge (George Cabot), POEMS AND DRAMAS, them is a valuable one of the Knights of the
warrants so much “cocksureness. 11 Built 2 vols. , $2. 50 net; and his LIFE, $1. 25 Garter, and another of the great officers of
up from data both slender and far apart, it net. New York, Houghton-Mifflin Co. State, both of which it is desirable to have
requires, merely to hold it together, a great
The late G. C. Lodge's poems and dramas in this accessible form. The ancient peerage of
amount of difficult piecing out by inference here collected are free from the floridity Berkeley is prefaced by a learned note on
and imagination ; while, in the end, a good and the provincialism which disfigure much baronies by tenure, commenting on the
deal of it remains vulnerable to the weapons, American verse ; except where the influence changes in peerage law; while the Scottish
not so much of scholarship or theology, as
of Swinburne is visible, they are marked by titles of Breadalbane, Borthwick, and Buc-
of plain common sense and knowledge of
an almost bald simplicity. Mr. Lodge, cleuch have interesting animadversions on
human nature.
though industrious and thoughtful, had difficult questions in their history. Another
Gwatkin (Henry Melvill), EARLY CHURCH nothing new to say and nothing melodious useful foot-note illustrates the change of
HISTORY TO A. D. 313, 2 vols. , 17/ net. to sing. His work is free from glaring faults, the style “Earl of” to “Earl so-and-so. " The
Macmillan but his merits are purely negative. There is unpleasing origins of several modern peerages
The present edition has undergone slight an Introduction (full of journalistic clichés) are commented on. It seems curious that
in this useful work there is no mention of
modifications in the light of recent research, from the pen of Mr. Roosevelt. It is enter-
entailing some addition to the bibliography; taining to find that eminent man-piston, Bothwell's Norwegian “ wife," or of " Mrs.
but otherwise the position of the writer who“ feels like a young bull-moose after Williams,” whom Pepys regarded (for a time)
remains as pronounced as it was nearly beating his enemies to a frazzle," quoting as certainly married to his friend Lord
three years ago. We criticized the book on
from an unexpected source “He lived Brouncker,
its first appearance (Athen. , Oct. 16, 1909, detached days. . . . Deaf was he to world's
p. 457) for its prejudice against the Trac- tongue. ” The annexed 'Life of the poet Lacy (Mary E. ), WITH DANTE IN MODERN
FLORENCE, 6/ net.
tarians,
John Murray
is sufficiently commonplace.
its rigid conservatism, and its
asperity.
Perhaps all of the contents of this excel-
Low (Benjamin R. C. ), THE SAILOR WHO HAS lent little book are to be found in other
Jarvis (George Millen), A TWENTIETH- SAILED, AND OTHER POEMS, 5/ net. English books, but scarcely in 9o nandy and
CENTURY INTERPRETATION
New York, John Lane Co. compact a form ; and its value is increased
BIBLE, $1. 50 net. Chicago, the Author
Mr. Low's verse is of the more cultured by twenty-eight well-chosen illustrations
The interpretation here offered is astral. magazine type, pretty, but vague, with the from photographs. It would have been
The Bible is the work of “
astronomical ! inexpressible indicated by serried rows of wiser if the writer had frankly stated in
wax
OF
THE
## p. 705 (#527) ############################################
No. 4417, JUNE 22, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
705
the preface her indebtedness to some of
her English predecessors; but the book Geography and Travel.
Sports and pastimes.
shows originality in the skill with which a
slight sketch of the poet's life is interwoven
Cambridge County Geographies : DUMFRIES- St. Quintin (Col. T. A. ), CHANCES OF SPORTS
with local descriptions of Florence and SHIRE, by James King Hewison ; OF SORTS.
Blackwood
Ravenna. With Florence in particular the
PERTHSHIRE, by Peter MacNair ; and
"I'm a great believer in chances, and I've
author displays an intimate acquaintance ;
RENFREWSHIRE, by Frederick Mort,
had my sbare. Chances of high position, chances
and her efforts to disentangle the city of
1/6 each
Cambridge University Press of big fortunes, chances at big heads, chances at
Dante's time from the far-different Florence The humanistic view of geography is all the many varied games I've played. Some
of modern guide-books, by which it is now successfully adopted in those interesting little
I've grasped, some l've missed, and when the
chances came, whether it was hit or miss, I never
overlaid and almost concealed, are pre- books. Mr. MacNair's 'Perthshire' suffers
felt quite certain on each occasion whether it
eminently successful. After a brief introduc- from over-technical terminology.
was from being too confident and sanguine, or
tion on the origin and early history of the
not enough so. Never mind; after all, whether
city, she devotes two chapters to the Florence
Outfit and Equipment : FOR THE TRAVELLER, ill or good, it is the varied chances that create
Without
of Dante, and to that quarter of it in which EXPLORER, AND SPORTSMAN, edited by the excitements and pleasures of life.
them what is it? ”
he lived. Admirable as these pages are for
Eustace Reynolds-Ball, with Contribu-
their clearness and accuracy, their effect tions by Sir H. H. Johnston, Harry de Thus Col. St. Quintin in his Introduction.
would have been enhanced, for those who Windt, F. C. Selous, and others.
He further wisely lays down and obeys the
have seen Florence, by a plan of the modern
Reynolds-Ball's Guides rule that religion, politics, and the ladies
city, showing the position of the Cerchia This volume is evidently intended for
are not to be discussed. He thanks various
Antica, and of the wider circuit of walls inexperienced travellers in the first place, persons for aid, specially Mr. William Black-
erected in Dante's day by Arnolfo del though probably those with some experience wood-in whose magazine many of the
Cambio. The following chapters deal with are the most likely to profit by its use. For stories have appeared—“ for having given
the more important buildings then, and discrimination is required in order to decide me my head and allowed me to blunder over
still, standing, and with the great churches what articles mentioned may safely be the country in my own way without a curb. ”
--the Duomo, Santa Maria Novella, and omitted when one is making preparations for In doing so Mr. Blackwood showed the
Santa Croce which were all begun during a journey. Many matters are discussed, and clearest perception of what would attract
that remarkable period. There is a short advice for the most part sound, though in readers, for from start to finish there is
review of thirteenth-century art, as seen cases difficult to follow- is freely given. not a dull page. No pretence is made of fine
especially in the master and pupil, Cimabue Outfit and equipment for hot and cold writing, but there is a strong flavour of the
and Giotto, and of the personal relations of countries, how to preserve health and to deal language of various sports.
Dante with the latter painter. The last with sickness, the batteries for sportsmen The charm of the book consists less in the
chapter, which is entitled 'Florence in various countries, and even an angling author's power of description, though that
Repentant, recalls the successive efforts outfit, are all dealt with reasonably.
is considerable, than in his manner of taking
made by the Republic to atone for her
the reader into his confidence and revealing
outrageous treatment of her great citizen Pullen-Burry (B. ), FROM HALIFAX TO VAN- much of his own life. Its scope is varied.
and to recover his bones from their last
COUVER, 12/6 net.
Mills & Boon The author served twenty-six years in the
resting - place at Ravenna. The author in-
clines to the view, which has recently been to be Imperialist first of all
, then traveller, the Remount
Department, visiting Australia
The author of the present volume claims Hussars for six years, and was employed in
10th Hussars ; he also commanded the 8th
much disputed, that Dante studied both at and lastly lecturer. She is able, therefore, in the course of business. During these
Paris and Oxford; but the evidence she
adduces for the Oxford visit rests only on
to find other subjects than Woman's Suffrage
tradition, though supported by a vague
to discuss, though her observations have years he saw much hunting, racing, pig-
expression in a poem of Boccaccio. “For the naturally been directed largely from the sticking, polo, and shooting in many parts
embassy to Rome in 1301, which has also
woman's point of view. Unfortunately for each sport. The account of his travels in
of the world, and has adequately described
been contested, and which she is inclined
to the Dominion; these observations have and beyond the Himalaya is true to nature.
reject, she gives only the late authority of resulted in the opinion that Canadian In the list of illustrations (p. vii) one is
Leonardo Bruni
, though it is expressly women in the West, at any rate hare less mentioned at p. 144, but does not appear
mentioned by the contemporary
Dino prosperous than any others of their sex
there in the copy before us.
Compagni, and is accepted in our own day amongst civilized people.
by Prof. Villari. As a whole the book is
It is noticeable that her book increases in
Col. St. Quintin is confessedly no fisher-
singularly free from inaccuracies and un-
interest
with the turning of its pages. Perhaps hooked a tarpon off the
Mexican coast which,
man, yet he can tell an angler's tale.
