] his information was derived, and connects the in-
APICA'TA, the wife of Sejanus, was divorced dividual with an important and well known
by him, A.
APICA'TA, the wife of Sejanus, was divorced dividual with an important and well known
by him, A.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
) [L.
S.
) APHNEIUS ('Apveios), the giver of food or
APHACI'TIS ('Apakitus), a surname of Aphro plenty, a surname of Ares, under which he had a
dite, derived from the town of Aphace in Coele temple on mount Cnesius, near Tegea in Arcadia.
Syria, where she had a celebrated temple with an Aërope, the daughter of Cepheus, became by Ares
oracle, which was destroyed by the command of the mother of a son ( A ëropus), but she died at the
the emperor Constantine. (Zosimus, i. 58. ) [L. S. ] moment she gave birth to the child, and Ares,
APHAEA. (BritomARTIS. ]
wishing to save it, caused the child to derive food
APHA'REUS ('Aoapeús), a son of the Messe from the breast of its dead mother. This wonder
nian king Perieres and Gorgophone, the daughter gave rise to the surname 'Apveds. (Paus. viii. 44.
of Perseus. (Apollod. i. 9. & 5. ) His wife is called $ 6. )
[L. S. ]
by Apollodorus (iii. 10. § 3) Arene, and by others APHRODISIANUS, a Persian, wrote a de
Polydora or Laocoossa. (Schol. ad Apollo. Rhod. scription of the east in Greek, a fragment of which
i. 152; Theocrit. xxii. 106. ) A phareus had three is given by Du Cange. (Ad Zonar. p. 50. ) An
sons, Lynceus, Idas, and Peisus. He was believed extract from this work is said to exist in the royal
to have founded the town of Arene in Messenia, library at Vienna. He also wrote an historical
which he called after his wife. He received Neleus work on the Virgin Mary. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
and Lycus, the son of Pandion, who had fled from xi. p. 578. )
(P. S. ]
their countries into his dominions. To the former APHRODI'SIUS, SCRIBO'NIUS, a Roman
he assigned a tract of land in Messenia, and from grammarian, originally a slave and disciple of
the latter he and his family learned the orgies of Orbilius, was purchased by Scribonia, the first wife
the great gods. (Paus. iv. 2. $ 3, &c. ) Pausanias of Augustus, and by her manumitted. (Suet de
in this passage mentions only the two sons of Ilustr. Gram. 19. )
Aphareus, Idas and Lynceus, who are celebrated APHTHONIUS ('Apéórios), of Antioch, a
a
## p. 225 (#245) ############################################
APICATA.
226
APICIUS
Greek rhetorician who lived about A. D. 315, but | Drusus, and was plotting against the life of the
of whose life nothing is known. He is the author latter. His subsequent niurder of Drusus was first
of an elementary introduction to the study of disclosed by Apicata. (Tac. Ann. iv. 3, 11. ) When
rhetoric, and of a number of fables in the style of Sejanus and his children were killed eight years
those of Aesop: The introduction to the study of afterwards, A. D. 31, Apicata put an end to her
rhetoric, which bears the title Progymnasmata own life. (Dion Cass. Iviii. 11. )
(apoyuuváo para), if considered from a right point API'CIUS. Ancient writers distinguish three
of view, is of great interest, inasmuch as it shews Romans bearing this name, all of them indebted
us the method followed by the ancients in the in- for celebrity to the saine cause, their devotion to
struction of boys, before they were sent to the gluttony.
regular schools of the rhetoricians. The book con- 1. The first of these in chronological order, is
sists of rules and exercises. Previous to the time said to have been instrumental in procuring the
of Aphthonius the progymnasmata of Hermogenes condemnation of Rutilius Rufus, who went into
were commonly used in schools ; Aphthonius found exile in the ycar B. c. 92. According to Posido-
it insufficient, and upon its basis he constructed / nius, in the 19th book of his history, he transcend-
his new work, which contained fourteen progym- ed all men in luxury. (Athen iv. p. 168, d. ; com-
nasmata, while that of his predecessor contained pare Posidonü Reliquiae, ed. Bake. )
only twelve. Soon after its appearance the work 2. The second and most renowned, M. Gabius
of Aphthonius superseded that of Hermogenes, and Apicius, flourished under Tiberius, and many
became the common school-book in this branch of anecdotes have been preserved of the inventive
education for several centuries. On the revival of genius, the skill and the prodigality which he dis-
letters the progymnasmata of Aphthonius recovered played in discovering and creating new sources of
their ancient popularity, and during the sixteenth culinary delight, arranging new combinations, and
and seventeenth centuries they were used every- ransacking every quarter of the globe and every
where, but more especially in Germany, in schools kingdom of nature for new objects to stimulate and
and universities, as the text-book for rhetoric. But gratify his appetite. At last, after having squan-
by a singular mistake the work was during that dered upwards of eight hundred thousand pounds
period regarded as the canon of everything that upon the indulgence of his all-engrossing passion,
was required to form a perfect orator, whereas the he balanced his books, and found that little more
author and the ancients had intended and used it than eighty thousand remained ; upon which, de-
as a collection of elementary and preparatory exer- spairing of being able to satisfy the cravings of
cises for children. The number of editions and hunger from such a miserable pittance, he forth-
translations which were published during that with hanged himself. But he was not forgotten.
period is greater than that of any other ancient Sundry cakes (Apicia) and sauces long kept alive
writer. (Fabr. Bill. Graec. vi. p. 96, &c. ; Hoff his memory; Apion, the grammarian, composed a
mann, Lex. Bibliogr. i. p. 199, &c. ) The editio work upon his luxurious labours ; his name passed
princeps is that in Aldus collection of the Rhetores into a proverb in all matters connected with the
Graeci, Venice, 1508, fol. The most important pleasures of the table ; he became the model of
among the subsequent editions are that of Giunta, gastronomers, and schools of cookery arose which
Florence, 1515, 8vo. , which contains also the hailed him as their mighty master. (Tacit. Ann.
progymnasmata of Hermogenes ; that of Camerarius, iv. l; Dion Cass. Ivii. 19; Athen. i. p. 7, a. ; Plin.
with a Latin translation, Lips. 1567, 8vo. ; of B. H. N. viii. 51, ix. 17, 1. 48, six. 8; Senec. Conso! .
Harbart, 1591, 8vo. , with a Latin translation and ad Helr. 10, Epp. xciv. 43, cxx. 20, De Vit. Beat.
notes; of F. Scobarius, 1597, 8vo. , and that of J. xi. 3; Jur. iv. 23, and Schol. xi. 2; Martial,
Scheffer, Upsala, 1670, 8vo. The last and best i. 69, iii. 22, . 73; Lamprid. Heligab. 18, &c. ;
edition is that in Walz's collection of the “ Rhetores Sidon. A pollin. Epp. iv. 7; Suidas, s. o. Atrinios;
Graeci," j. p. 54, &c. It contains the notes of Isidor. Origg. xx. 4; Tertullian. Apolog. 3. )
Scheffer, and an ancient abridgement of the work by 3. When the emperor Trajan was in Parthia,
one Matthaeus (επιτομή είς τα της ρητορικής προ- many days distant from the sea, a certain Apicius
guuráopata), and a sort of commentary upon them sent him fresh oysters, preserved by a skilful pro-
by an anonymous writer ('Avævýuou nepl Twv Tuü cess of his own. (Athen. i. p. 7, d. ; Suidas,
'Αφθονίδυ προγυμνασμάτων), p. 121, &c. , 126, &c. | s. ο. όστρεα. )
The Aesopic fables of Aphthonius, which are in- The first and third of these are mentioned by
ferior in merit to those of Aesop, are printed in Athenaeus alone, the second by very many writers,
Scobarius' edition of the progymnasmata, and also as may be seen from the authorities quoted above.
in the Paris edition of 1623. Furia's edition of Hence some scholars, startled not unnaturally by
the fables of Aesop contains twenty-three of those the singular coincidence of name and pursuit,
of Aphthonius. (Westermann, Geschichte der have endeavoured to prove that there was in reality
Griech. Beredtsamkeit, $ 98, nn. 16—20. ) (L. S. ] only one Apicius, namely the second, and that the
APHTHOʻNIUS ('Apdovios) of Alexandria is ruultiplication arose from the tales with regard to
mentioned by Philostorgius (iii. 15) as a learned his excesses having passed from mouth to mouth
and eloquent bishop of the Manichaeans. He is among persons ignorant of chronology, or from the
mentioned as a disciple and commentator of Mani stories current with regard to various gluttons
by Photius and Peter of Sicily, and in the form of having been all in the process of time referred to
abjuring Manichaeism. Philostorgius adds, that the most famous of all. It will be observed, how-
Aëtius had a public disputation with Aphthonius, ever, that in so far as the first is concerned Athe-
in which the latter was defeated, and died of grief naeus points directly to the source from whence
seven days afterwards.
[P. S.
] his information was derived, and connects the in-
APICA'TA, the wife of Sejanus, was divorced dividual with an important and well known
by him, A. D. 23, after she had borne him three historical fact, nor is it probal. le that there is any
children, when he had seduced Livia, the wife of ' confusion of names in the passage relating to the
## p. 226 (#246) ############################################
226
APION.
APIS.
a
third, since it is confirmed by the text of Suidas, an embassy to the emperor Caligula, which was
who evidently quotes from Athenaeus. (Sec, how- headed by Apion, for he was a skilful speaker and
ever, Vincent. Contaren. Var. Lect. c. xvii. ; Lipsius known to entertain great hatred of the Jews. The
on Tacit. Ann. iv. 1 ; Lister. Praef. ad Apic. ) latter also sent an embassy, which was beaded by
The treatise we now possess, bearing the title Philo. In this transaction Apion appears to bave
Caelu Apici de opsoniis et condimentis, sive de reoverstepped the limits of his commission, for he
culinaria, Libri decem, appears to have been first not only brought forward the complaints of his fel-
discovered by Enoch of Ascoli, about the year low-citizens, but endeavoured to excite the em-
1454, in the time of Pope Nicolas V. , and the peror's anger against the Jews by reminding him
editio princeps was printed at Milan in 1498. It that they refused to erect statues to him and to
is a sort of Cook and Confectioner's Manual, con- swear by his sacred name. (Joseph. Ant. xviii. 10. )
taining a multitude of receipts for preparing and The results of this embassy, as well as the remain-
dressing all kinds of fiesh, fish, and fowl, for ing part of Apion's life, are unknown ; but if we
compounding sauces, baking cakes, preserving may believe the account of his enemy Josephus
sweetmeats, favouring wines, and the like. From (c. Apion. ii. 13), he died of a disease which he
the inaccuracies and solecisms of the style, it is had brought upon himself by his dissolute mode of
probable that it was compiled at a late period by life.
some one who prefixed the name of Apicius, in Apion was the author of a considerable number
order to attract attention and insure the circulation of works, all of which are now lost with the ex-
of his book. It is not without value, however, ception of some fragments. 1. Upon Homer,
since it affords an insight into the details of a whose poems seem to have formed the principal
Roman kitchen which we seek for elsewhere in part of his studies, for he is said not only to have
vain.
made the best recension of the text of the poems,
The best editions are those of Martin Lister, pub- but to have written explanations of phrases and
lished at London, in 1705, reprinted with additions words in the form of a dictionary (1éteis Oumpurai),
by Almeloveen (Amstelod. 1709), and that of and investigations concerning the life and native
Bernhold (Marcobreit. 1787, Baruth. 1791, and country of the poet. The best part of his aéters
Ansbach. 1800. ) There is an illustrative work by 'Oumpikal are supposed to be incorporated in the
Dierbach, entitled Flora Apiciana. (Heidelberg, Homeric Lexicon of Apollonius. (Villoison, Pro-
1831. )
[W. R. ) leg. ad Apollon. p. ix. &c. ) Apion's labours upon
API'NIUS TIRO. [Tiro. ]
Homer are often referred to by Eustathius and
A'PION ('Atlov), a Greek grammarian. His other grammarians. 2. A work on Egypt (Aiyur-
name is sometimes incorrectly spelt Appion, and Tiaká), consisting of five books, which was highly
bome writers, like Suidas, call him a son of Pleis- valued in antiquity, for it contained descriptions of
toneices, while others more correctly state that nearly all the remarkable objects in Egypt. It
Pleistoneices was only a surname, and that he was also contained numerous attacks upon the Jews.
the son of Poseidonius. (Gell. vi. 8 ; Senec. Epist. (Euseb. Praep. Evang. x. 10; Gell. v. 14; Plin.
88; Euseb. Praep. Evang. x. 10. ) He was a H. N. xxxvii. 19. ) 3. A work against the Jews.
native of Oasis, but used to say that he was born (Euseb. I. c. ) A reply to these attacks is made by
at Alexandria, where he studied under Apollonius, Josephus, in the second book of his work usually
the son of Archibius, and Didymus, from whom he called Kata 'Atiwvos, and this reply is the only
imbibed his love for the Homeric poems. (Suid. source from which we learn anything about tho
$. v. 'Aniwv; Joseph. c. Apion. ii. 3, &c. ) He character of Apion's work. 4. Å work in praise
afterwards settled at Rome, where he taught of Alexander the Great. (Gell. vi. 8. ) 5. Histories
rhetoric as the successor of the grammarian Theon of separate countries. ('lotopia kata (dvos, Suid.
in the reign of Tiberius and Claudius. He appears 3. v. 'Ariww. ) 6. On the celebrated glutton Apicius
to have enjoyed an extraordinary reputation for and, 7. Nepi tñs Pwuairñs dialentov. (Athen. vii.
his extensive knowledge and his versatility as an p. 294, xv. p. 680. ) 8. De metallica disciplina.
orator; but the ancients are unanimous in censur-(Plin. Elench. lib. xxxv. ) The greatest fragments
ing his ostentatious vanity. (Gell
. v. 14; Plin. of the works of Apion are the story about Andro-
H. N. Praef
. and xxx. 6 ; Joseph. c. A pion. ii. 12. ) clus and his lion, and about the dolphin near
He declared that every one whom he mentioned in Dicaearchia, both of which are preserved in Gellius.
his works would be immortalized ; he placed him- Suidas (s. rv. 'Ajúpths, Orindes, ooápayov, and
self by the side of the greatest philosophers of an- Tplyanva) refers to Apion as a writer of epigrams,
cient Greece, and used to say, that Alexandria but whether he is the same as the grammarian is
ought to be proud of having a man like himself uncertain. (Villoison, l. c. ; Burigny, in the Mém.
among its citizens. It is not unlikely that the de l'Acad. des Inscript. xxxviii
. p. 171, &c. ; Lehrs,
cymbalum mundi,” by which Tiberius was Quaest. Epicae, Dissert. i. , who chiefly discusses
accustomed to call him, was meant to express both | what Apion did for Homer. )
(L. S. ]
his loquacity and his boastful character. He is A'PION, PTOLEMAEUS. (PTOLEMAEUS
spoken of as the most active of grammarians, and Apion. ]
the surname uóxoos which he bore, according to APIS (*Amis). 1. A son of Phoroneus by the
Suidas, is usually explained as describing the zeal nymph Laodice, and brother of Niobe. He was
and labour with which he prosecuted bis studies. king of Argos, established a tyrannical government,
In the reign of Caligula he travelled about in and called Peloponnesus after his own name Apia;
Greece, and was received ererywhere with the but he was killed in a conspiracy headed by Thel
highest honours as the great interpreter of Homer. xion and Telchis. (Apollod. i. 7. 6, ii. 1. & 1. )
(Senec. l. c. ) About the same time, A. D. 38, the In the former of these passages Apollodorus states,
inhabitants of Alexandria raised complaints against that Apis, the son of Phoroneus, was killed by
the Jews residing in their city, and endeavoured Aetolus ; but this is a mistake arising from the
to curtail their rights and privileges. They sent confusion of our Apis, with Apis the son of Jason,
66
name
## p. 227 (#247) ############################################
APIS.
227
APIS.
A
ܪ
who was killed by Aetolus during the funeral of his birth, and built a house there in the direc-
games celebrated in honour of Azanes. (Paus. v. 1. tion towards the rising sun. In this house the
§ 6; AETOLUS. )
god was fed with milk for the space of four months,
Apis, the son of Phoroneus, is said, after his and after this, about the time of the new moon,
death, to have been worshipped as a god, under the scribes and prophets prepared a ship sacred to
the name of Serapis (Sápanis); and this state- the god, in which he was conveyed to Memphis.
ment shews that Egyptian mythuses are mixed Here he entered his splendid residence, containing
up with the story of Apis. This confusion is still extensive walks and courts for his amusement.
more manifest in the tradition, that Apis gave his number of the choicest cows, forming as it were
kingdom of Argos to his brother, and went to the harem of the god, were kept in his palace at
Egypt, where he reigned for several years after- Memphis. The account of Diodorus, though on
wards. (Euseb. Chron. n. 271; Augustin, de Civ. the whole agreeing with that of Aelian, contains
Dei, xviii
. 5. ) Apis is spoken of as one of the some additional particulars of interest. Pliny and
earliest lawgivers among the Greeks. (Theodoret. Ammianus Marcellinus do not mention the god's
Graec. Affect.
APHACI'TIS ('Apakitus), a surname of Aphro plenty, a surname of Ares, under which he had a
dite, derived from the town of Aphace in Coele temple on mount Cnesius, near Tegea in Arcadia.
Syria, where she had a celebrated temple with an Aërope, the daughter of Cepheus, became by Ares
oracle, which was destroyed by the command of the mother of a son ( A ëropus), but she died at the
the emperor Constantine. (Zosimus, i. 58. ) [L. S. ] moment she gave birth to the child, and Ares,
APHAEA. (BritomARTIS. ]
wishing to save it, caused the child to derive food
APHA'REUS ('Aoapeús), a son of the Messe from the breast of its dead mother. This wonder
nian king Perieres and Gorgophone, the daughter gave rise to the surname 'Apveds. (Paus. viii. 44.
of Perseus. (Apollod. i. 9. & 5. ) His wife is called $ 6. )
[L. S. ]
by Apollodorus (iii. 10. § 3) Arene, and by others APHRODISIANUS, a Persian, wrote a de
Polydora or Laocoossa. (Schol. ad Apollo. Rhod. scription of the east in Greek, a fragment of which
i. 152; Theocrit. xxii. 106. ) A phareus had three is given by Du Cange. (Ad Zonar. p. 50. ) An
sons, Lynceus, Idas, and Peisus. He was believed extract from this work is said to exist in the royal
to have founded the town of Arene in Messenia, library at Vienna. He also wrote an historical
which he called after his wife. He received Neleus work on the Virgin Mary. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
and Lycus, the son of Pandion, who had fled from xi. p. 578. )
(P. S. ]
their countries into his dominions. To the former APHRODI'SIUS, SCRIBO'NIUS, a Roman
he assigned a tract of land in Messenia, and from grammarian, originally a slave and disciple of
the latter he and his family learned the orgies of Orbilius, was purchased by Scribonia, the first wife
the great gods. (Paus. iv. 2. $ 3, &c. ) Pausanias of Augustus, and by her manumitted. (Suet de
in this passage mentions only the two sons of Ilustr. Gram. 19. )
Aphareus, Idas and Lynceus, who are celebrated APHTHONIUS ('Apéórios), of Antioch, a
a
## p. 225 (#245) ############################################
APICATA.
226
APICIUS
Greek rhetorician who lived about A. D. 315, but | Drusus, and was plotting against the life of the
of whose life nothing is known. He is the author latter. His subsequent niurder of Drusus was first
of an elementary introduction to the study of disclosed by Apicata. (Tac. Ann. iv. 3, 11. ) When
rhetoric, and of a number of fables in the style of Sejanus and his children were killed eight years
those of Aesop: The introduction to the study of afterwards, A. D. 31, Apicata put an end to her
rhetoric, which bears the title Progymnasmata own life. (Dion Cass. Iviii. 11. )
(apoyuuváo para), if considered from a right point API'CIUS. Ancient writers distinguish three
of view, is of great interest, inasmuch as it shews Romans bearing this name, all of them indebted
us the method followed by the ancients in the in- for celebrity to the saine cause, their devotion to
struction of boys, before they were sent to the gluttony.
regular schools of the rhetoricians. The book con- 1. The first of these in chronological order, is
sists of rules and exercises. Previous to the time said to have been instrumental in procuring the
of Aphthonius the progymnasmata of Hermogenes condemnation of Rutilius Rufus, who went into
were commonly used in schools ; Aphthonius found exile in the ycar B. c. 92. According to Posido-
it insufficient, and upon its basis he constructed / nius, in the 19th book of his history, he transcend-
his new work, which contained fourteen progym- ed all men in luxury. (Athen iv. p. 168, d. ; com-
nasmata, while that of his predecessor contained pare Posidonü Reliquiae, ed. Bake. )
only twelve. Soon after its appearance the work 2. The second and most renowned, M. Gabius
of Aphthonius superseded that of Hermogenes, and Apicius, flourished under Tiberius, and many
became the common school-book in this branch of anecdotes have been preserved of the inventive
education for several centuries. On the revival of genius, the skill and the prodigality which he dis-
letters the progymnasmata of Aphthonius recovered played in discovering and creating new sources of
their ancient popularity, and during the sixteenth culinary delight, arranging new combinations, and
and seventeenth centuries they were used every- ransacking every quarter of the globe and every
where, but more especially in Germany, in schools kingdom of nature for new objects to stimulate and
and universities, as the text-book for rhetoric. But gratify his appetite. At last, after having squan-
by a singular mistake the work was during that dered upwards of eight hundred thousand pounds
period regarded as the canon of everything that upon the indulgence of his all-engrossing passion,
was required to form a perfect orator, whereas the he balanced his books, and found that little more
author and the ancients had intended and used it than eighty thousand remained ; upon which, de-
as a collection of elementary and preparatory exer- spairing of being able to satisfy the cravings of
cises for children. The number of editions and hunger from such a miserable pittance, he forth-
translations which were published during that with hanged himself. But he was not forgotten.
period is greater than that of any other ancient Sundry cakes (Apicia) and sauces long kept alive
writer. (Fabr. Bill. Graec. vi. p. 96, &c. ; Hoff his memory; Apion, the grammarian, composed a
mann, Lex. Bibliogr. i. p. 199, &c. ) The editio work upon his luxurious labours ; his name passed
princeps is that in Aldus collection of the Rhetores into a proverb in all matters connected with the
Graeci, Venice, 1508, fol. The most important pleasures of the table ; he became the model of
among the subsequent editions are that of Giunta, gastronomers, and schools of cookery arose which
Florence, 1515, 8vo. , which contains also the hailed him as their mighty master. (Tacit. Ann.
progymnasmata of Hermogenes ; that of Camerarius, iv. l; Dion Cass. Ivii. 19; Athen. i. p. 7, a. ; Plin.
with a Latin translation, Lips. 1567, 8vo. ; of B. H. N. viii. 51, ix. 17, 1. 48, six. 8; Senec. Conso! .
Harbart, 1591, 8vo. , with a Latin translation and ad Helr. 10, Epp. xciv. 43, cxx. 20, De Vit. Beat.
notes; of F. Scobarius, 1597, 8vo. , and that of J. xi. 3; Jur. iv. 23, and Schol. xi. 2; Martial,
Scheffer, Upsala, 1670, 8vo. The last and best i. 69, iii. 22, . 73; Lamprid. Heligab. 18, &c. ;
edition is that in Walz's collection of the “ Rhetores Sidon. A pollin. Epp. iv. 7; Suidas, s. o. Atrinios;
Graeci," j. p. 54, &c. It contains the notes of Isidor. Origg. xx. 4; Tertullian. Apolog. 3. )
Scheffer, and an ancient abridgement of the work by 3. When the emperor Trajan was in Parthia,
one Matthaeus (επιτομή είς τα της ρητορικής προ- many days distant from the sea, a certain Apicius
guuráopata), and a sort of commentary upon them sent him fresh oysters, preserved by a skilful pro-
by an anonymous writer ('Avævýuou nepl Twv Tuü cess of his own. (Athen. i. p. 7, d. ; Suidas,
'Αφθονίδυ προγυμνασμάτων), p. 121, &c. , 126, &c. | s. ο. όστρεα. )
The Aesopic fables of Aphthonius, which are in- The first and third of these are mentioned by
ferior in merit to those of Aesop, are printed in Athenaeus alone, the second by very many writers,
Scobarius' edition of the progymnasmata, and also as may be seen from the authorities quoted above.
in the Paris edition of 1623. Furia's edition of Hence some scholars, startled not unnaturally by
the fables of Aesop contains twenty-three of those the singular coincidence of name and pursuit,
of Aphthonius. (Westermann, Geschichte der have endeavoured to prove that there was in reality
Griech. Beredtsamkeit, $ 98, nn. 16—20. ) (L. S. ] only one Apicius, namely the second, and that the
APHTHOʻNIUS ('Apdovios) of Alexandria is ruultiplication arose from the tales with regard to
mentioned by Philostorgius (iii. 15) as a learned his excesses having passed from mouth to mouth
and eloquent bishop of the Manichaeans. He is among persons ignorant of chronology, or from the
mentioned as a disciple and commentator of Mani stories current with regard to various gluttons
by Photius and Peter of Sicily, and in the form of having been all in the process of time referred to
abjuring Manichaeism. Philostorgius adds, that the most famous of all. It will be observed, how-
Aëtius had a public disputation with Aphthonius, ever, that in so far as the first is concerned Athe-
in which the latter was defeated, and died of grief naeus points directly to the source from whence
seven days afterwards.
[P. S.
] his information was derived, and connects the in-
APICA'TA, the wife of Sejanus, was divorced dividual with an important and well known
by him, A. D. 23, after she had borne him three historical fact, nor is it probal. le that there is any
children, when he had seduced Livia, the wife of ' confusion of names in the passage relating to the
## p. 226 (#246) ############################################
226
APION.
APIS.
a
third, since it is confirmed by the text of Suidas, an embassy to the emperor Caligula, which was
who evidently quotes from Athenaeus. (Sec, how- headed by Apion, for he was a skilful speaker and
ever, Vincent. Contaren. Var. Lect. c. xvii. ; Lipsius known to entertain great hatred of the Jews. The
on Tacit. Ann. iv. 1 ; Lister. Praef. ad Apic. ) latter also sent an embassy, which was beaded by
The treatise we now possess, bearing the title Philo. In this transaction Apion appears to bave
Caelu Apici de opsoniis et condimentis, sive de reoverstepped the limits of his commission, for he
culinaria, Libri decem, appears to have been first not only brought forward the complaints of his fel-
discovered by Enoch of Ascoli, about the year low-citizens, but endeavoured to excite the em-
1454, in the time of Pope Nicolas V. , and the peror's anger against the Jews by reminding him
editio princeps was printed at Milan in 1498. It that they refused to erect statues to him and to
is a sort of Cook and Confectioner's Manual, con- swear by his sacred name. (Joseph. Ant. xviii. 10. )
taining a multitude of receipts for preparing and The results of this embassy, as well as the remain-
dressing all kinds of fiesh, fish, and fowl, for ing part of Apion's life, are unknown ; but if we
compounding sauces, baking cakes, preserving may believe the account of his enemy Josephus
sweetmeats, favouring wines, and the like. From (c. Apion. ii. 13), he died of a disease which he
the inaccuracies and solecisms of the style, it is had brought upon himself by his dissolute mode of
probable that it was compiled at a late period by life.
some one who prefixed the name of Apicius, in Apion was the author of a considerable number
order to attract attention and insure the circulation of works, all of which are now lost with the ex-
of his book. It is not without value, however, ception of some fragments. 1. Upon Homer,
since it affords an insight into the details of a whose poems seem to have formed the principal
Roman kitchen which we seek for elsewhere in part of his studies, for he is said not only to have
vain.
made the best recension of the text of the poems,
The best editions are those of Martin Lister, pub- but to have written explanations of phrases and
lished at London, in 1705, reprinted with additions words in the form of a dictionary (1éteis Oumpurai),
by Almeloveen (Amstelod. 1709), and that of and investigations concerning the life and native
Bernhold (Marcobreit. 1787, Baruth. 1791, and country of the poet. The best part of his aéters
Ansbach. 1800. ) There is an illustrative work by 'Oumpikal are supposed to be incorporated in the
Dierbach, entitled Flora Apiciana. (Heidelberg, Homeric Lexicon of Apollonius. (Villoison, Pro-
1831. )
[W. R. ) leg. ad Apollon. p. ix. &c. ) Apion's labours upon
API'NIUS TIRO. [Tiro. ]
Homer are often referred to by Eustathius and
A'PION ('Atlov), a Greek grammarian. His other grammarians. 2. A work on Egypt (Aiyur-
name is sometimes incorrectly spelt Appion, and Tiaká), consisting of five books, which was highly
bome writers, like Suidas, call him a son of Pleis- valued in antiquity, for it contained descriptions of
toneices, while others more correctly state that nearly all the remarkable objects in Egypt. It
Pleistoneices was only a surname, and that he was also contained numerous attacks upon the Jews.
the son of Poseidonius. (Gell. vi. 8 ; Senec. Epist. (Euseb. Praep. Evang. x. 10; Gell. v. 14; Plin.
88; Euseb. Praep. Evang. x. 10. ) He was a H. N. xxxvii. 19. ) 3. A work against the Jews.
native of Oasis, but used to say that he was born (Euseb. I. c. ) A reply to these attacks is made by
at Alexandria, where he studied under Apollonius, Josephus, in the second book of his work usually
the son of Archibius, and Didymus, from whom he called Kata 'Atiwvos, and this reply is the only
imbibed his love for the Homeric poems. (Suid. source from which we learn anything about tho
$. v. 'Aniwv; Joseph. c. Apion. ii. 3, &c. ) He character of Apion's work. 4. Å work in praise
afterwards settled at Rome, where he taught of Alexander the Great. (Gell. vi. 8. ) 5. Histories
rhetoric as the successor of the grammarian Theon of separate countries. ('lotopia kata (dvos, Suid.
in the reign of Tiberius and Claudius. He appears 3. v. 'Ariww. ) 6. On the celebrated glutton Apicius
to have enjoyed an extraordinary reputation for and, 7. Nepi tñs Pwuairñs dialentov. (Athen. vii.
his extensive knowledge and his versatility as an p. 294, xv. p. 680. ) 8. De metallica disciplina.
orator; but the ancients are unanimous in censur-(Plin. Elench. lib. xxxv. ) The greatest fragments
ing his ostentatious vanity. (Gell
. v. 14; Plin. of the works of Apion are the story about Andro-
H. N. Praef
. and xxx. 6 ; Joseph. c. A pion. ii. 12. ) clus and his lion, and about the dolphin near
He declared that every one whom he mentioned in Dicaearchia, both of which are preserved in Gellius.
his works would be immortalized ; he placed him- Suidas (s. rv. 'Ajúpths, Orindes, ooápayov, and
self by the side of the greatest philosophers of an- Tplyanva) refers to Apion as a writer of epigrams,
cient Greece, and used to say, that Alexandria but whether he is the same as the grammarian is
ought to be proud of having a man like himself uncertain. (Villoison, l. c. ; Burigny, in the Mém.
among its citizens. It is not unlikely that the de l'Acad. des Inscript. xxxviii
. p. 171, &c. ; Lehrs,
cymbalum mundi,” by which Tiberius was Quaest. Epicae, Dissert. i. , who chiefly discusses
accustomed to call him, was meant to express both | what Apion did for Homer. )
(L. S. ]
his loquacity and his boastful character. He is A'PION, PTOLEMAEUS. (PTOLEMAEUS
spoken of as the most active of grammarians, and Apion. ]
the surname uóxoos which he bore, according to APIS (*Amis). 1. A son of Phoroneus by the
Suidas, is usually explained as describing the zeal nymph Laodice, and brother of Niobe. He was
and labour with which he prosecuted bis studies. king of Argos, established a tyrannical government,
In the reign of Caligula he travelled about in and called Peloponnesus after his own name Apia;
Greece, and was received ererywhere with the but he was killed in a conspiracy headed by Thel
highest honours as the great interpreter of Homer. xion and Telchis. (Apollod. i. 7. 6, ii. 1. & 1. )
(Senec. l. c. ) About the same time, A. D. 38, the In the former of these passages Apollodorus states,
inhabitants of Alexandria raised complaints against that Apis, the son of Phoroneus, was killed by
the Jews residing in their city, and endeavoured Aetolus ; but this is a mistake arising from the
to curtail their rights and privileges. They sent confusion of our Apis, with Apis the son of Jason,
66
name
## p. 227 (#247) ############################################
APIS.
227
APIS.
A
ܪ
who was killed by Aetolus during the funeral of his birth, and built a house there in the direc-
games celebrated in honour of Azanes. (Paus. v. 1. tion towards the rising sun. In this house the
§ 6; AETOLUS. )
god was fed with milk for the space of four months,
Apis, the son of Phoroneus, is said, after his and after this, about the time of the new moon,
death, to have been worshipped as a god, under the scribes and prophets prepared a ship sacred to
the name of Serapis (Sápanis); and this state- the god, in which he was conveyed to Memphis.
ment shews that Egyptian mythuses are mixed Here he entered his splendid residence, containing
up with the story of Apis. This confusion is still extensive walks and courts for his amusement.
more manifest in the tradition, that Apis gave his number of the choicest cows, forming as it were
kingdom of Argos to his brother, and went to the harem of the god, were kept in his palace at
Egypt, where he reigned for several years after- Memphis. The account of Diodorus, though on
wards. (Euseb. Chron. n. 271; Augustin, de Civ. the whole agreeing with that of Aelian, contains
Dei, xviii
. 5. ) Apis is spoken of as one of the some additional particulars of interest. Pliny and
earliest lawgivers among the Greeks. (Theodoret. Ammianus Marcellinus do not mention the god's
Graec. Affect.
