Winter in Dresden 310
Secret Instruction for the Graf von Finck, p.
Secret Instruction for the Graf von Finck, p.
Thomas Carlyle
.
Wi2Abeth.
.
.
a-.
.
.
.
Ko.
r.
t;.
Qn.
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? COLLECTION
OF
BRITISH AUTHORS.
VOL. 701.
FREDERICK THE GREAT BY THOMAS CARLYLE.
VOL. IX.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? HISTORY
OF
FRIEDRICH II. OF PRUSSIA,
CALLKD
FREDERICK THE GREAT.
BY
THOMAS CARLYLE.
COPYRIGHT EDITION.
VOL. IX.
LEIPZIG
BERNHAKD TAUCHN1TZ
1864.
The Right of Translation is reserved.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? r HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
FEB 23 1959
I l-ttf
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? CONTENTS
OF VOLUME IX.
BOOK XVI.
THE TEN TEAKS OP PEACE. 1746-1756.
(Continued. )
CHAPTF. lt PAGE
VI. Berlin CArrousel, And VoltAire visible there 3
Perpetual President Maupertuis has a Visit from one
K&nig, out of Holland, concerning the Infinitely
Little, p. 17.
VII. M. de VoltAire hAs A pAinful Jew-LAwsuit . 23
The Voltaire-Hirsch Transaction: Parti. , Origin of Law-
suit (10 November -- 25th December 1750), p. 27.
Part II. , The Lawsuit itself (30th December 1750 -- 18th
and 26th February 1751), 39.
1? . King Friedrich to Voltaire at Berlin, p. 47.
2". Friedrich to Voltaire again, 48.
VIII. Ost-FrieslAnd And the Shipping Interests . 52
Friedrich visits Ost-Friesland, p. 54.
IX. Second Act op the VoltAire Visit . . . 65
Detached Features (not fabulous) of Voltaire and hia
Berlin-Potsdam Environment in 1751-2, p. 60.
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? VI CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX.
CHAPTER PAGE
Fractions of Events and Indications, from Voltaire him-
self, in this Time; more or less illuminative when
reduced to Order, p. 83.
X. Demon Newswriteb, op 1752 98
A Demon Newswriter gives an "Idea" of Friedrich; in-
telligible to the Knowing Classes in England and
elsewhere, p. 100.
XI. Third Act And CAtAstrophe op the Voltaire
Visit 114
"Answer from" (very privately Voltaire, calling him-
self) "a Berlin Academician to a Paris One," p. 123.
XII. Op the Afterpiece, which proved still more
TRAGICAL
Manpertuis to Voltaire (at Leipzig), p. 137.
Voltaire's Answer (from Leipzig, a few days after) 137.
Part I. Fredersdorf sends Instructions; the ' CSuvre de
Poesies' is got; but -- 142.
Part II. Voltaire, in spite of his efforts, does get away
(June 20th--July 7th), 146.
XIII. Romish-King Question; English -PpivAteeb
Question 156
XIV. There is like to be Another WAr AheAd . 168
XV. Anti-PrussiAn WAr-Symptoms: Friedrich vi-
sible for A Moment 181
"Eztractus Protocollornm in Inquisitions-Sachen," --
that is to say, Extract of Protocols in Inquest " contra
Friedrioh Wilhelm Menzel and Johann Benjamin
Erfurth," p. 182.
Friedrich is visible, in Holland, to the naked Eye, for
some Minutes (June 23d, 1755), 186.
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? CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX. VII
BOOK XVII.
THE SEVEN-YEARS WAR: FIRST CAMPAIGN. 1756-1757.
CHAPTER
I. WhAt Friedrich hAd beAd in the Menzel Do-
cuments
How Friedrich discovered the Mystery. Concerning
Menzel and Weingarten, p. 198.
II. English DiplomAcies abroAd, in prospect of A
FbenchWAb 213
The triumphant Hanbury Treaty becomes, itself, No-
thing or less; -- but produces a Friedrich Treaty,
followed by Results which surprise Everybody,
p. 217.
There has been a Counter-Treaty going on at Versailles
in the Interim; which hereupon starts out, and
tumbles the wholly astonished European Diplomacies
heels-over-head, 223.
III. French-English WAb bbeAks out . . . 228
King Friedrich's Enigma gets more and more stringent,
p. 233.
IV. Friedbich puts A Question At ViennA, twice
over 240
The King to Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, p. 246.
Same to same (Confidential, this one), 247.
I". Friedrieh to the Prince of Prussia and the Princess
Amelia (at Berlin), 247.
2". Friedrich to the Prince of Prussia, 248.
The March into Saxony, in Three Columns, 249.
V. Fbiedbich blockAdes the SAxons in PibnA
Country 258
VI. BAttle of Lobositz 276
1". Friedrieh to Wilhelmina (at Baireuth), p. 287.
2". Prince of Prussia to Valori, 288.
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? VHI CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX.
CHAPTER PAGK
VII. The SAxons get out of PirnA on DismAl Terms 290
VIII.
Winter in Dresden 310
Secret Instruction for the Graf von Finck, p. 612.
Instruction Secrete Pour le Conte de fine, 613.
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? BOOK XVI.
THE TEN YEAKS OF PEACE. 1746--1756.
(continued. )
Carlyle, Frederick the Great. IX.
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? 25th-27th Aug. 1750.
CHAPTER VI.
BERLIN CARROUSEL, AND VOLTAIRE VISIBLE THERE.
Readers have heard of the Place du Carrousel at
Paris; and know probably that Louis XIV. held world-
famous Carrousel there (a. d. 1662); and, in general,
that Carrousel has something to do with Tourneying,
or the Shadow of Tourneying. It is, in fact, a kind
of superb be-tailored running at the ring, instead of
be-blacksmithed running at one another. A Second
milder Edition of those Tournament sports, and dangerous
trials of strength and dexterity, which were so grand a
business in the Old iron Ages. Of which, in the form
of Carrousel or otherwise, down almost to the present
day, there have been examples, among puissant Lords;
-- though now it is felt to have become extremely
hollow; perhaps incapable of fully entertaining any-
body, except children and their nurses on a high
occasion.
A century ago, before the volcanic explosion of so
many things which it has since become wearisome to
think of in this earnest world, the Tournament, emblem
of an Age of Chivalry, which was gone, but had not
yet declared itself to be quite gone, and even to be
turned topsyturvy, had still substance as a mummery,
-- not enough, I should say, to spend much money
upon. Not much real money: except, indeed, the
money were offered you gratis, from other parties in-
1*
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? 4 THE TEN TEARS OF PEACE. [book XVI.
15th-27th Aug. 1750.
terested? Sir Jonas kindly informs us, by insinuation,
that this was, to a good degree, Friedrich's case in the
now Carrousel: "a thing got up by the private efforts
"of different great Lords and Princes of the blood;"
each party tailoring, harnessing, and furbishing himself
and followers; Friedrich contributing little but the
arena and general outfit. I know not whether even
the 40,000 lamps (for it took place by night) were of
his purchase, though that is likely; and know only
that the Suppers and interior Palace Entertainments
would be his. "Did not cost the King much money,"
says Sir Jonas; which is satisfactory to know. For of
the Carrousel kind, or of the Royal-Mummery kind in
general, there has been, for graceful arrangement, for
magnificence regardless of expense, -- inviting your
amiable Lord Mai ton, and the idlers of all Countries,
and awakening the rapture of Gazetteers, -- nothing
like it since Louis the Grand's time. Nothing, -- ex-
cept perhaps that Camp of Muhlberg or Radowitz,
where we once were. Done, this one, not at the King's
expense alone, but at other people's chiefly: that is an
unexpected feature, welcome if true; and, except for
Sir Jonas, would not have helped to explain the puzzle
for us, as it did in the then Berlin circles. Muhlberg,
in my humble judgment, was worth two of this as a
Mummery; -- but the meritorious feature of Friedrich's
is, that it cost him very little.
It was, say all Gazetteers and idle eye-witnesses, a
highly splendid spectacle. By much the most effulgent
exhibition Friedrich ever made of himself in the Ex-
pensive-Mummery department: and I could give in ex-
treme detail the phenomena of it; but, in mercy to poor
readers, will not. Fancy the assiduous hammering and
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? CHAP. VI. ] VOLTAIRE AT THE BERLIN CARROUSEL. 5
25th-27th Aug. 1750.
sawing on the Schloss-Platz, amid crowds of gay loungers, giving cheerful note of preparation, in those
latter days of August 1750. And, on Wednesday Night
25th August, look and see, -- for the due moments only,
and vaguely enough (as in the following Excerpt):
Palace-Esplanade of Berlin, 25th August 1750 (dusk sinking
into dark): "Under a windy nocturnal sky, a spacious Paral-
lelogram, enclosed for jousting as at Aspramont orTrebi-
"soiid. Wide enough arena in the centre; vast amphitheatre
"of wooden seats and passages, firm carpentry and fitted for
"its business, rising all round; Audience, select though
"multitudinous, sitting decorous and garrulous, say since
"half-past eight. There is royal box on the ground-tier; and
"the King in it, King, with Princess Amelia for the prizes:
"opposite to this, is entrance for the Chevaliers, -- four
"separate entrances, I think. Who come, -- lo, at last! --
"with breathings and big swells of music, as Resuscitations
'' from the buried Ages.
"They are in four 'Quadrilles,' so termed: Romans,
"Persians, Carthaginians, Greeks. Four Jousting Parties,
"headed each by a Prince of the Blood: -- with such a
"splendour of equipment for jewels, silver helmets, sashings,
"housings, as eye never saw. Prancing on their glorious
"battle-steeds (sham-battle, steeds not sham, but champing
"their bits as real quadrupeds with fire in their interior): --
"how many in all, I forgot to count. Perhaps, on the average,
"sixty in each Quadrille, fifteen of them practical Ritters;
"the rest mythologic winged standard-bearers, blackamoors,
"lictors, trumpeters, and shining melodious phantasms as
"escort, -- of this latter kind say in round numbers Two
"Hundred altogether; and of actual Ritters three-score. *
"Who run at rings, at Turks' heads, and at other objects
"with death-doing lance; and prance and flash and career
"along: glorious to see and hear. Under proud flourishings
* Blumenthal, Life of DeZiethen (Ziethen was in it, and gained a prize),
i. 257-26S et seq. ; Voltaire's Letters to Niece Denis ((Euwcs, lxxiv. 174,
179, 198); -- and two contemporary 4tos on the subject, with Drawings, &c,
which may well continue unknown to every reader.
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? 6 THE TEN TEARS OP PEACE. [bookxvt.
25th-27th Aug. 1750.
"of drums and trumpets, under bursts and breathings of
"wind-music; under the shine of Forty-thousand Lamps, for
"one item. All Berlin and the nocturnal firmament looking
"on, -- night rather gusty, 'which blew out many of the
"lamps,'insinuates Hanway.
"About midnight, Beauty in the form of Princess Amelia
"distributes the prizes; Music filling the air; and human
"'Euge's,' and the surviving lamps, doing their best. After
"which the Principalities and Ritters withdraw to their
"Palace, to their Balls and their Supper of the gods; and all
"the world and his wife goes home again, amid various com-
"mentary from high and low. 'Jamais, Never,' murmured
"one high Gentleman, of the Impromptu kind, at the Palace
"Supper-table, --
"Jamais dans Athene et dans Borne
"On n'eut de plus beaux jours, ni de plus digne prix.
"Fai vu le fits de Mars sous les trails de Paris,
"Et Venus qui donnait lapomme. " *
And Amphitheatre and Lamps lapse wholly into
darkness, and the thing has finished, for the time being.
August 27th, it was repeated by daylight; if possible,
more charming than ever; but not to be spoken of
further, under penalties. To be mildly forgotten again,
every jot and tittle of it, -- except one small insigni-
ficant iota, which, by accident, still makes it remark-
able. Namely, that Collini and the Barberinas were
there; and that not only was Voltaire again there
among the Princes and Princesses; but that Collini
saw Voltaire, and gives us transient sight of him, --
thanks to Collini. Thursday, 27th August 1750, was
the Daylight version of the Carrousel; which Collini,
* "Never in Athens or Rome were there braver sights or a worthier
prize: "I have seen the son of Mars" (King Friedrich) "with Paris's
features, "and Venus" (Amelia) "crowning the victorious. " (Euvres de
Voltaire, xvin. 820.
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? CHAP. VI. ] VOLTAIRE AT THE BERLIN CARROUSEL. 7
10th July-- 21st Sept. 1750.
if it were of any moment, takes to have preceded that
of the 40,000 Lamps. Sure enough Collini was there,
with eyes open:
"Madame de Cocceji" (so one may call her, though the
known alias isBarbcrina) "had engaged places; she invited
"me to come and see this Festivity. We went;" and very
grand it was. "The Palace Esplanade was changed" by
carpentries and draperies "into a vast Amphitheatre; the
"slopes of it furnished with benches for the spectators, and,
"at the four corners of it and at the bottom, magnificently
"decorated boxes for the Court. " Vast oval Amphitheatre,
the interior arena rectangular, with its Four Entrances, one
for each of the Four Quadrilles. "The assemblage was
"numerous and brilliant: all the Court had come fromPots-
"dam to Berlin.
"A little while before the King himself made appearance,
"there rose suddenly a murmur ot admiration, and I heard all
"round me, from everybody, the name'Voltaire! Voltaire! '
"Looking down, I saw Voltaire accordingly; among a group
"of great lords, who were walking over the Arena, towards
"one of the Court Boxes. He wore a modest countenance,
"but joy painted itself in his eyes: you cannot love glory,
"and not feel gratefully the prize attached to it," -- attained
as here. "I lost sight of him in few instants," as he ap-
proached his Box, "the place where I was, not permitting
"further view. " *
This was Collini's first sight of that great man
(de ce grand homme). With whom, thanks to Barberina,
he had, in a day or two, the honour of an Interview
(judgment favourable, he could hope); and before many
months, Accident also favouring, the inexpressible
honour of seeing himself the great man's Secretary, --
how far beyond hope or aspiration, in these Carrousel
days!
* Collini, Mon Sejour, p. 21.
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? THE TEN YEARS OF PEACE. [book XVI.
10th July--21st Sept. 1750.
Voltaire had now been here some Seven Weeks, -- arrived 10th July, as we often note; -- after (on
his own part), a great deal of haggling, hesitating, and
negotiating; which we spare our readers. The poor
man having now become a Quasi-Widower; painfully rallying, with his whole strength, towards new arrange-
ments, -- now was the time for Friedrich to urge him:
"Come to me! Away from all that dismal imbroglio;
hither, I say! " To which Voltaire is not inattentive;
though he hesitates; cannot, in any case, come without
delay; -- lingers in Paris, readjusting many things, the
poor shipwrecked being, among kind D'Argentals and
friends. Poor Ishmael, getting gray; and his tent in the
desert suddenly carried off by a blast of wind!
To the legal Widower, M. le Marquis, he behaves
in money matters like a Prince; takes that Paris Do-
micile, in the Rue Traversiere, all to himself; institutes
a new household there, -- Niece Denis to be female
president. Niece Denis, widow without incumbrances;
whom, in her married state, wife to some kind of
Commissariat-Officer at Lille, we have seen transiently
in that City, her Uncle lodging with her as he passed.
A gadding, flaunting, unreasonable, would-be fashion-
able female -- (a Du Chatelet without the grace or
genius, and who never was in love with you! ) -- with
whom poor Uncle had a baddish life in time coming.
All which settled, he still lingers. Widowed, grown
old and less adventurous! That House in the Rue Traversiere, once his and Another's, now his alone, -- for the time being, it is probably more like a
Mausoleum than a House to him. And Versailles,
with its sulky Trajans, its Crdbillon cabals, what
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? CHAP. VI. ] VOLTAIRE AT THE BERLIN CARROUSEL. 9
10th July--21st Sept. 1750.
charm is in Versailles? He thinks of going to Italy,
for a while; has never seen that fine Country: of
going to Berlin for a while: of going to -- In fact,
Berlin is clearly the place where he will land; but he
hesitates greatly about lifting anchor. Friedrich insists,
in a bright, bantering, kindly way: "You were due
to me a year ago; you said always, 'So soon as the
lying-in is over, I am yours:' -- and now, why don't
you come? "
Friedrich, since they met last, has had some ex-
periences of Voltaire, which he does not like. Their
roads, truly, -- one adulating Trajan in Versailles,
and growing great by "Farces of the Fair;" the other
battling for his existence, against men and devils,
Trajan and Company included, -- have lain far apart.
Their Correspondence perceptibly languishing, in con-
sequence, and even rumours rising on the subject,
Voltaire wrote once: "Give me a yard of ribbon, Sire"
(your Order of Merit, Sire), "to silence those vile
"rumours! " Which Friedrich, on such free-and-easy
terms, had silently declined. "A meddlesome, forward
kind of fellow; always getting into scrapes and brabbles! "
thinks Friedrich. But is really anxious, now that the
chance offers again, to have such a Levite for his Priest,
the evident pink of Human Intellect; and tries various
incitements upon him; -- hits at last (I know not whe-
ther by device or by accident) on one which, say the
French Biographers, did raise Voltaire and set him
under way.
A certain M. Baculard d'Arnaud, a conceited,
foolish young fellow, much patronised by Voltaire,
and given to write verses, which are unknown to me,
has been, on Voltaire's recommending, "Literary Cor-
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? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? COLLECTION
OF
BRITISH AUTHORS.
VOL. 701.
FREDERICK THE GREAT BY THOMAS CARLYLE.
VOL. IX.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? HISTORY
OF
FRIEDRICH II. OF PRUSSIA,
CALLKD
FREDERICK THE GREAT.
BY
THOMAS CARLYLE.
COPYRIGHT EDITION.
VOL. IX.
LEIPZIG
BERNHAKD TAUCHN1TZ
1864.
The Right of Translation is reserved.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? r HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
FEB 23 1959
I l-ttf
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:30 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijh Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS
OF VOLUME IX.
BOOK XVI.
THE TEN TEAKS OP PEACE. 1746-1756.
(Continued. )
CHAPTF. lt PAGE
VI. Berlin CArrousel, And VoltAire visible there 3
Perpetual President Maupertuis has a Visit from one
K&nig, out of Holland, concerning the Infinitely
Little, p. 17.
VII. M. de VoltAire hAs A pAinful Jew-LAwsuit . 23
The Voltaire-Hirsch Transaction: Parti. , Origin of Law-
suit (10 November -- 25th December 1750), p. 27.
Part II. , The Lawsuit itself (30th December 1750 -- 18th
and 26th February 1751), 39.
1? . King Friedrich to Voltaire at Berlin, p. 47.
2". Friedrich to Voltaire again, 48.
VIII. Ost-FrieslAnd And the Shipping Interests . 52
Friedrich visits Ost-Friesland, p. 54.
IX. Second Act op the VoltAire Visit . . . 65
Detached Features (not fabulous) of Voltaire and hia
Berlin-Potsdam Environment in 1751-2, p. 60.
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? VI CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX.
CHAPTER PAGE
Fractions of Events and Indications, from Voltaire him-
self, in this Time; more or less illuminative when
reduced to Order, p. 83.
X. Demon Newswriteb, op 1752 98
A Demon Newswriter gives an "Idea" of Friedrich; in-
telligible to the Knowing Classes in England and
elsewhere, p. 100.
XI. Third Act And CAtAstrophe op the Voltaire
Visit 114
"Answer from" (very privately Voltaire, calling him-
self) "a Berlin Academician to a Paris One," p. 123.
XII. Op the Afterpiece, which proved still more
TRAGICAL
Manpertuis to Voltaire (at Leipzig), p. 137.
Voltaire's Answer (from Leipzig, a few days after) 137.
Part I. Fredersdorf sends Instructions; the ' CSuvre de
Poesies' is got; but -- 142.
Part II. Voltaire, in spite of his efforts, does get away
(June 20th--July 7th), 146.
XIII. Romish-King Question; English -PpivAteeb
Question 156
XIV. There is like to be Another WAr AheAd . 168
XV. Anti-PrussiAn WAr-Symptoms: Friedrich vi-
sible for A Moment 181
"Eztractus Protocollornm in Inquisitions-Sachen," --
that is to say, Extract of Protocols in Inquest " contra
Friedrioh Wilhelm Menzel and Johann Benjamin
Erfurth," p. 182.
Friedrich is visible, in Holland, to the naked Eye, for
some Minutes (June 23d, 1755), 186.
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? CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX. VII
BOOK XVII.
THE SEVEN-YEARS WAR: FIRST CAMPAIGN. 1756-1757.
CHAPTER
I. WhAt Friedrich hAd beAd in the Menzel Do-
cuments
How Friedrich discovered the Mystery. Concerning
Menzel and Weingarten, p. 198.
II. English DiplomAcies abroAd, in prospect of A
FbenchWAb 213
The triumphant Hanbury Treaty becomes, itself, No-
thing or less; -- but produces a Friedrich Treaty,
followed by Results which surprise Everybody,
p. 217.
There has been a Counter-Treaty going on at Versailles
in the Interim; which hereupon starts out, and
tumbles the wholly astonished European Diplomacies
heels-over-head, 223.
III. French-English WAb bbeAks out . . . 228
King Friedrich's Enigma gets more and more stringent,
p. 233.
IV. Friedbich puts A Question At ViennA, twice
over 240
The King to Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, p. 246.
Same to same (Confidential, this one), 247.
I". Friedrieh to the Prince of Prussia and the Princess
Amelia (at Berlin), 247.
2". Friedrich to the Prince of Prussia, 248.
The March into Saxony, in Three Columns, 249.
V. Fbiedbich blockAdes the SAxons in PibnA
Country 258
VI. BAttle of Lobositz 276
1". Friedrieh to Wilhelmina (at Baireuth), p. 287.
2". Prince of Prussia to Valori, 288.
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? VHI CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX.
CHAPTER PAGK
VII. The SAxons get out of PirnA on DismAl Terms 290
VIII.
Winter in Dresden 310
Secret Instruction for the Graf von Finck, p. 612.
Instruction Secrete Pour le Conte de fine, 613.
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? BOOK XVI.
THE TEN YEAKS OF PEACE. 1746--1756.
(continued. )
Carlyle, Frederick the Great. IX.
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? 25th-27th Aug. 1750.
CHAPTER VI.
BERLIN CARROUSEL, AND VOLTAIRE VISIBLE THERE.
Readers have heard of the Place du Carrousel at
Paris; and know probably that Louis XIV. held world-
famous Carrousel there (a. d. 1662); and, in general,
that Carrousel has something to do with Tourneying,
or the Shadow of Tourneying. It is, in fact, a kind
of superb be-tailored running at the ring, instead of
be-blacksmithed running at one another. A Second
milder Edition of those Tournament sports, and dangerous
trials of strength and dexterity, which were so grand a
business in the Old iron Ages. Of which, in the form
of Carrousel or otherwise, down almost to the present
day, there have been examples, among puissant Lords;
-- though now it is felt to have become extremely
hollow; perhaps incapable of fully entertaining any-
body, except children and their nurses on a high
occasion.
A century ago, before the volcanic explosion of so
many things which it has since become wearisome to
think of in this earnest world, the Tournament, emblem
of an Age of Chivalry, which was gone, but had not
yet declared itself to be quite gone, and even to be
turned topsyturvy, had still substance as a mummery,
-- not enough, I should say, to spend much money
upon. Not much real money: except, indeed, the
money were offered you gratis, from other parties in-
1*
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? 4 THE TEN TEARS OF PEACE. [book XVI.
15th-27th Aug. 1750.
terested? Sir Jonas kindly informs us, by insinuation,
that this was, to a good degree, Friedrich's case in the
now Carrousel: "a thing got up by the private efforts
"of different great Lords and Princes of the blood;"
each party tailoring, harnessing, and furbishing himself
and followers; Friedrich contributing little but the
arena and general outfit. I know not whether even
the 40,000 lamps (for it took place by night) were of
his purchase, though that is likely; and know only
that the Suppers and interior Palace Entertainments
would be his. "Did not cost the King much money,"
says Sir Jonas; which is satisfactory to know. For of
the Carrousel kind, or of the Royal-Mummery kind in
general, there has been, for graceful arrangement, for
magnificence regardless of expense, -- inviting your
amiable Lord Mai ton, and the idlers of all Countries,
and awakening the rapture of Gazetteers, -- nothing
like it since Louis the Grand's time. Nothing, -- ex-
cept perhaps that Camp of Muhlberg or Radowitz,
where we once were. Done, this one, not at the King's
expense alone, but at other people's chiefly: that is an
unexpected feature, welcome if true; and, except for
Sir Jonas, would not have helped to explain the puzzle
for us, as it did in the then Berlin circles. Muhlberg,
in my humble judgment, was worth two of this as a
Mummery; -- but the meritorious feature of Friedrich's
is, that it cost him very little.
It was, say all Gazetteers and idle eye-witnesses, a
highly splendid spectacle. By much the most effulgent
exhibition Friedrich ever made of himself in the Ex-
pensive-Mummery department: and I could give in ex-
treme detail the phenomena of it; but, in mercy to poor
readers, will not. Fancy the assiduous hammering and
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? CHAP. VI. ] VOLTAIRE AT THE BERLIN CARROUSEL. 5
25th-27th Aug. 1750.
sawing on the Schloss-Platz, amid crowds of gay loungers, giving cheerful note of preparation, in those
latter days of August 1750. And, on Wednesday Night
25th August, look and see, -- for the due moments only,
and vaguely enough (as in the following Excerpt):
Palace-Esplanade of Berlin, 25th August 1750 (dusk sinking
into dark): "Under a windy nocturnal sky, a spacious Paral-
lelogram, enclosed for jousting as at Aspramont orTrebi-
"soiid. Wide enough arena in the centre; vast amphitheatre
"of wooden seats and passages, firm carpentry and fitted for
"its business, rising all round; Audience, select though
"multitudinous, sitting decorous and garrulous, say since
"half-past eight. There is royal box on the ground-tier; and
"the King in it, King, with Princess Amelia for the prizes:
"opposite to this, is entrance for the Chevaliers, -- four
"separate entrances, I think. Who come, -- lo, at last! --
"with breathings and big swells of music, as Resuscitations
'' from the buried Ages.
"They are in four 'Quadrilles,' so termed: Romans,
"Persians, Carthaginians, Greeks. Four Jousting Parties,
"headed each by a Prince of the Blood: -- with such a
"splendour of equipment for jewels, silver helmets, sashings,
"housings, as eye never saw. Prancing on their glorious
"battle-steeds (sham-battle, steeds not sham, but champing
"their bits as real quadrupeds with fire in their interior): --
"how many in all, I forgot to count. Perhaps, on the average,
"sixty in each Quadrille, fifteen of them practical Ritters;
"the rest mythologic winged standard-bearers, blackamoors,
"lictors, trumpeters, and shining melodious phantasms as
"escort, -- of this latter kind say in round numbers Two
"Hundred altogether; and of actual Ritters three-score. *
"Who run at rings, at Turks' heads, and at other objects
"with death-doing lance; and prance and flash and career
"along: glorious to see and hear. Under proud flourishings
* Blumenthal, Life of DeZiethen (Ziethen was in it, and gained a prize),
i. 257-26S et seq. ; Voltaire's Letters to Niece Denis ((Euwcs, lxxiv. 174,
179, 198); -- and two contemporary 4tos on the subject, with Drawings, &c,
which may well continue unknown to every reader.
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? 6 THE TEN TEARS OP PEACE. [bookxvt.
25th-27th Aug. 1750.
"of drums and trumpets, under bursts and breathings of
"wind-music; under the shine of Forty-thousand Lamps, for
"one item. All Berlin and the nocturnal firmament looking
"on, -- night rather gusty, 'which blew out many of the
"lamps,'insinuates Hanway.
"About midnight, Beauty in the form of Princess Amelia
"distributes the prizes; Music filling the air; and human
"'Euge's,' and the surviving lamps, doing their best. After
"which the Principalities and Ritters withdraw to their
"Palace, to their Balls and their Supper of the gods; and all
"the world and his wife goes home again, amid various com-
"mentary from high and low. 'Jamais, Never,' murmured
"one high Gentleman, of the Impromptu kind, at the Palace
"Supper-table, --
"Jamais dans Athene et dans Borne
"On n'eut de plus beaux jours, ni de plus digne prix.
"Fai vu le fits de Mars sous les trails de Paris,
"Et Venus qui donnait lapomme. " *
And Amphitheatre and Lamps lapse wholly into
darkness, and the thing has finished, for the time being.
August 27th, it was repeated by daylight; if possible,
more charming than ever; but not to be spoken of
further, under penalties. To be mildly forgotten again,
every jot and tittle of it, -- except one small insigni-
ficant iota, which, by accident, still makes it remark-
able. Namely, that Collini and the Barberinas were
there; and that not only was Voltaire again there
among the Princes and Princesses; but that Collini
saw Voltaire, and gives us transient sight of him, --
thanks to Collini. Thursday, 27th August 1750, was
the Daylight version of the Carrousel; which Collini,
* "Never in Athens or Rome were there braver sights or a worthier
prize: "I have seen the son of Mars" (King Friedrich) "with Paris's
features, "and Venus" (Amelia) "crowning the victorious. " (Euvres de
Voltaire, xvin. 820.
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? CHAP. VI. ] VOLTAIRE AT THE BERLIN CARROUSEL. 7
10th July-- 21st Sept. 1750.
if it were of any moment, takes to have preceded that
of the 40,000 Lamps. Sure enough Collini was there,
with eyes open:
"Madame de Cocceji" (so one may call her, though the
known alias isBarbcrina) "had engaged places; she invited
"me to come and see this Festivity. We went;" and very
grand it was. "The Palace Esplanade was changed" by
carpentries and draperies "into a vast Amphitheatre; the
"slopes of it furnished with benches for the spectators, and,
"at the four corners of it and at the bottom, magnificently
"decorated boxes for the Court. " Vast oval Amphitheatre,
the interior arena rectangular, with its Four Entrances, one
for each of the Four Quadrilles. "The assemblage was
"numerous and brilliant: all the Court had come fromPots-
"dam to Berlin.
"A little while before the King himself made appearance,
"there rose suddenly a murmur ot admiration, and I heard all
"round me, from everybody, the name'Voltaire! Voltaire! '
"Looking down, I saw Voltaire accordingly; among a group
"of great lords, who were walking over the Arena, towards
"one of the Court Boxes. He wore a modest countenance,
"but joy painted itself in his eyes: you cannot love glory,
"and not feel gratefully the prize attached to it," -- attained
as here. "I lost sight of him in few instants," as he ap-
proached his Box, "the place where I was, not permitting
"further view. " *
This was Collini's first sight of that great man
(de ce grand homme). With whom, thanks to Barberina,
he had, in a day or two, the honour of an Interview
(judgment favourable, he could hope); and before many
months, Accident also favouring, the inexpressible
honour of seeing himself the great man's Secretary, --
how far beyond hope or aspiration, in these Carrousel
days!
* Collini, Mon Sejour, p. 21.
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? THE TEN YEARS OF PEACE. [book XVI.
10th July--21st Sept. 1750.
Voltaire had now been here some Seven Weeks, -- arrived 10th July, as we often note; -- after (on
his own part), a great deal of haggling, hesitating, and
negotiating; which we spare our readers. The poor
man having now become a Quasi-Widower; painfully rallying, with his whole strength, towards new arrange-
ments, -- now was the time for Friedrich to urge him:
"Come to me! Away from all that dismal imbroglio;
hither, I say! " To which Voltaire is not inattentive;
though he hesitates; cannot, in any case, come without
delay; -- lingers in Paris, readjusting many things, the
poor shipwrecked being, among kind D'Argentals and
friends. Poor Ishmael, getting gray; and his tent in the
desert suddenly carried off by a blast of wind!
To the legal Widower, M. le Marquis, he behaves
in money matters like a Prince; takes that Paris Do-
micile, in the Rue Traversiere, all to himself; institutes
a new household there, -- Niece Denis to be female
president. Niece Denis, widow without incumbrances;
whom, in her married state, wife to some kind of
Commissariat-Officer at Lille, we have seen transiently
in that City, her Uncle lodging with her as he passed.
A gadding, flaunting, unreasonable, would-be fashion-
able female -- (a Du Chatelet without the grace or
genius, and who never was in love with you! ) -- with
whom poor Uncle had a baddish life in time coming.
All which settled, he still lingers. Widowed, grown
old and less adventurous! That House in the Rue Traversiere, once his and Another's, now his alone, -- for the time being, it is probably more like a
Mausoleum than a House to him. And Versailles,
with its sulky Trajans, its Crdbillon cabals, what
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? CHAP. VI. ] VOLTAIRE AT THE BERLIN CARROUSEL. 9
10th July--21st Sept. 1750.
charm is in Versailles? He thinks of going to Italy,
for a while; has never seen that fine Country: of
going to Berlin for a while: of going to -- In fact,
Berlin is clearly the place where he will land; but he
hesitates greatly about lifting anchor. Friedrich insists,
in a bright, bantering, kindly way: "You were due
to me a year ago; you said always, 'So soon as the
lying-in is over, I am yours:' -- and now, why don't
you come? "
Friedrich, since they met last, has had some ex-
periences of Voltaire, which he does not like. Their
roads, truly, -- one adulating Trajan in Versailles,
and growing great by "Farces of the Fair;" the other
battling for his existence, against men and devils,
Trajan and Company included, -- have lain far apart.
Their Correspondence perceptibly languishing, in con-
sequence, and even rumours rising on the subject,
Voltaire wrote once: "Give me a yard of ribbon, Sire"
(your Order of Merit, Sire), "to silence those vile
"rumours! " Which Friedrich, on such free-and-easy
terms, had silently declined. "A meddlesome, forward
kind of fellow; always getting into scrapes and brabbles! "
thinks Friedrich. But is really anxious, now that the
chance offers again, to have such a Levite for his Priest,
the evident pink of Human Intellect; and tries various
incitements upon him; -- hits at last (I know not whe-
ther by device or by accident) on one which, say the
French Biographers, did raise Voltaire and set him
under way.
A certain M. Baculard d'Arnaud, a conceited,
foolish young fellow, much patronised by Voltaire,
and given to write verses, which are unknown to me,
has been, on Voltaire's recommending, "Literary Cor-
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