These balfull bestes were, as the boke tellus,
Full flaumond of fyre with fnastyng of logh.
Full flaumond of fyre with fnastyng of logh.
Gawaine and the Green Knight
e court als,
La3en loude ? er-at, & luflyly acorden,
? at lordes & ladis, ? at longed to ? e Table,
2516 [E] Vche burne of ? e bro? er-hede a bauderyk schulde haue,
A bende, a belef hym aboute, of a bry3t grene,
[F] & ? at, for sake of ? at segge, in swete to were.
For ? at wat3 acorded ? e renoun of ? e Rounde Table,
2520 [G] & he honoured ? at hit hade, euer-more after,
As hit is breued in ? e best boke of romaunce.
[H] ? us in Arthurus day ? is aunter bitidde,
? e Brutus bokees ? er-of beres wyttenesse;
2524 Sy? en Brutus, ? e bolde burne, bo3ed hider fyrst,
After ? e segge & ? e asaute wat3 sesed at Troye,
I-wysse;
Mony auntere3 here bi-forne,
2528 Haf fallen suche er ? is:
[I] Now ? at bere ? e croun of ? orne,
He bryng vus to his blysse! AMEN.
[Sidenote A: "Lo! " says he, handling the lace, "this is the band of blame,]
[Sidenote B: a token of my cowardice and covetousness,]
[Sidenote C: I must needs wear it as long as I live. "]
[Sidenote D: The king comforts the knight, and all the court too. ]
[Sidenote E: Each knight of the brotherhood agrees to wear a bright green
belt,]
[Sidenote F: for Gawayne's sake,]
[Sidenote G: who ever more honoured it. ]
[Sidenote H: Thus in Arthur's day this adventure befell. ]
[Sidenote I: He that bore the crown of thorns bring us to His bliss! ]
* * * * *
NOTES.
Line 8 Ricchis turns, goes,
The king . . .
Ricchis his reynys and the Renke metys:
Girden to gedur with ? ere grete speires. --T. B. l. 1232.
37 ? is kyng lay at Camylot vpon kryst-masse.
Camalot, in Malory's "Morte Arthure," is said to be the same as
Winchester. Ritson supposes it to be Caer-went, in Monmouthshire,
and afterwards confounded with Caer-wynt, or Winchester. But
popular tradition here seems the best guide, which assigned the site
of Camalot to the ruins of a castle on a hill, near the church of
South Cadbury, in Somersetshire (Sir F. Madden).
65 Nowel nayted o-newe, neuened ful ofte.
Christmas celebrated anew, mentioned full often.
Sir F. Madden leaves the word nayted unexplained in his Glossary
to "Syr Gawayne. "
124 syluener ylueren, i. e. silver dishes.
139 lyndes endes, loins.
142 in his muckel, in his greatness.
184 Wat3 euesed al umbe-torne--? was trimmed, all cut evenly around;
umbe-torne may be an error for vmbe-corue ,ut round.
216 in gracios werkes. Sir F. Madden reads gracons for gracios, and
suggests Greek as the meaning of it.
244-5 As al were slypped vpon slepe so slaked hor lote3
in hy3e.
As all were fallen asleep so ceased their words
in haste (suddenly).
Sir F. Madden reads slaked horlote3, instead of slaked hor lote3,
which, according to his glossary, signifies drunken vagabonds.
He evidently takes horlote3 to be another (and a very uncommon) form
of harlote3 earlots. But harlot, or vagabond, would be a very
inappropriate term to apply to the noble Knights of the Round Table.
Moreover, slaked never, I think, means drunken. The general sense of
the verb slake is to let loose, lessen, cease. Cf. lines 411-2,
where sloke, another form of slake, occurs with a similar meaning:
-- layt no fyrre;
bot slokes.
-- seek no further,
but stop (cease).
Sir F. Madden suggests blows as the explanation of slokes. It
is, however, a verb in the imperative mood.
286 Brayn. Matzner suggests brayn-wod.
296 barlay mar loi. This word is exceedingly common in the T. Book
(see l. 3391).
I bid you now, barlay, with besines at all
? at ye set you most soverainly my suster to gete. --T. B. l. 2780.
394 siker. Sir F. Madden reads swer.
440 bluk. Sir F. Madden suggests blunk (horse). I am inclined to keep to
the reading of the MS. , and explain bluk as {ulk hrunk. Cf. the
use of the word Blok in "Early English Alliterative Poems,"
p. 100, l. 272.
558 derue doel, etc. nreat grief. Sir F. Madden reads derne, i. e. secret,
instead of derue (}erf). Cf. line 564.
577 knaged, fastened.
The braunches were borly, sum of bright gold,
With leuys full luffly, light of the same;
With burions aboue bright to beholde;
And fruit on yt fourmyt of fairest of shap,
Of mony kynd that was knyt, knagged aboue. --T. B. l. 4973.
629 & ay quere hit is endele3, etc.
And everywhere it is endless, etc.
Sir F. Madden reads emdele3, i. e. with equal sides.
652 for-be oor-bi urpassing, beyond.
681 for Hadet read Halet taled nxiled (? ). See line 1049.
806 auinant ~uenaunt, pleasantly. Sir F. Madden reads amnant.
954 of. Should we not read on (? ).
957 ? at o? er wyth a gorger wat3 gered ouer ? e swyre.
The gorger or wimple is stated first to have appeared in Edward the
First's reign, and an example is found on the monument of Aveline,
Countess of Lancaster, who died in 1269. From the poem, however, it
would seem that the gorger was confined to elderly ladies (Sir F.
Madden).
968 More lykker-wys on to lyk,
Wat3 ? at scho had on lode.
A more pleasant one to like,
Was that (one) she had under her control.
988 tayt iively, and hence pleasant, agreeable.
1015 in vayres, in purity.
1020 dut munt (? ) }int (? ), referring to sword-sports.
1022 sayn[t] Ione3 day. This is the 27th of December, and the last of the
feast. Sometimes the Christmas festivities were prolonged to New
Year's Day (Sir F. Madden).
1047 derne dede aecret deed. I would prefer to read derue dede great deed. Cf. lines 558, 564.
1053 I wot in worlde, etc. w not (I know not) in worlde, etc.
1054 I nolde, bot if I hit negh my3t on nw3eres morne,
For alle ? e londe in-wyth Logres, etc.
I would not [delay to set out], unless I might approach it on New
Year's morn, for all the lands within England, etc.
1074 in spenne in space an the interval eeanwhile. See line 1503.
1160 slentyng of arwes. Sir F. Madden reads sleutyng.
"Of drawyn swordis sclentyng to and fra,
The brycht mettale, and othir armouris seir,
Quharon the sonnys blenkis betis cleir,
Glitteris and schane, and vnder bemys brycht,
Castis ane new twynklyng or a lemand lycht. "
(G. Douglas' AEneid, Vol. i, p. 421. )
1281 let lyk oppeared pleased.
1283 ? a3 I were burde bry3test, ? e burde in mynde hade, etc.
The sense requires us to read:
? a3 ho were burde bry3test, ? e burne in mynde hade, etc.
i. e. , Though she were lady fairest, the knight in mind had, etc.
1440 Long sythen [seuered] for ? e sounder ? at wi3t for-olde
Long since separated from the sounder or herd that fierce (one)
for-aged (grew very old).
"Now to speke of the boore, the fyrste year he is
A pygge of the sounder callyd, as haue I blys;
The secounde yere an hogge, and soo shall he be,
And an hoggestere, whan he is of yeres thre;
And when he is foure yere, a boor shall he be,
From the sounder of the swyne thenne departyth he;
A synguler is he soo, for alone he woll go. "
(Book of St. Alban's, ed. 1496, sig. d. , i. )
1476 totes eooks, toots.
Sho went up wightly by a walle syde.
To the toppe of a toure and tot ouer the water. --T. B. l. 862.
1623 A verb [? lalede nried] seems wanting after lorde.
1702 fnasted, breathed.
These balfull bestes were, as the boke tellus,
Full flaumond of fyre with fnastyng of logh. --T. B. l. 168.
1710 a strothe rande k rugged path. Cf. the phrases tene greue, l. 1707;
ro3e greue, l. 1898.
1719 Thenne wat3 hit lif vpon list, etc.
Should we not read:
Thenne wat3 hit list vpon lif, etc.
i. e. , Then was there joy in life, etc.
1729 bi lag oe-lagh(? ) elow (? ).
1780 lyf ef(? ), beloved (one).
1869 Ho hat3 kyst ? e kny3t so to3t.
She has kissed the knight so courteous.
Sir F. Madden explains to3t, promptly. To3t seems to be the same as
the Northumbrian taght in the following extract from the "Morte
Arthure":
"There come in at the fyrste course, before the kyng seluene,
Bare hevedys that ware bryghte, burnyste with sylver,
Alle with taghte mene and towne in togers fulle ryche. "--(p. 15. )
The word towne (well-behaved) still exists in wan-ton, the
original meaning of which was ill-mannered, ill-bred.
1909 bray hounde3 +ra? hounde3, i. e. fierce hounds.
1995 He hat3 nere ? at he so3t se wat3 nere ? at he so3t e was near to
that which he sought.
2160 gedere3 ? e rake fakes the path or way.
2167 ? e skwe3 of ? e scowtes skayued hym ? o3t.
The shadows of the hills appeared wild (desolate) to him. Sir F.
Madden reads skayned, of which he gives no explanation.
Skayued kayfed, seems to be the N. Prov. English scafe, wild.
Scotch schaivie, wild, mad. O. N. skeifr. Sw. skef, awry, distorted.
2204 ronge |lattered.
2211 Drede dot3 me no lote No noise shall cause me to dread (fear).
2357 & ? er-for ? at tappe ta ? e.
And therefore take thee that tap.
ta ? e oake thee. Sir F. Madden reads ta? e taketh. See l. 413,
where to ? e rhymes with sothe. We have no imperatives in th in
this poem.
2401 We schyn reuel, etc. Sir F. Madden reads wasch yn reuel.
But schyn dhall. See Glossary to "Alliterative Poems. "
2474 on-coolde en-colde loldly lorrowfully.
2489 in-sounde eoundly, well. Cf. in-blande pogether;
in-lyche, alike; inmydde3, amidst.
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La3en loude ? er-at, & luflyly acorden,
? at lordes & ladis, ? at longed to ? e Table,
2516 [E] Vche burne of ? e bro? er-hede a bauderyk schulde haue,
A bende, a belef hym aboute, of a bry3t grene,
[F] & ? at, for sake of ? at segge, in swete to were.
For ? at wat3 acorded ? e renoun of ? e Rounde Table,
2520 [G] & he honoured ? at hit hade, euer-more after,
As hit is breued in ? e best boke of romaunce.
[H] ? us in Arthurus day ? is aunter bitidde,
? e Brutus bokees ? er-of beres wyttenesse;
2524 Sy? en Brutus, ? e bolde burne, bo3ed hider fyrst,
After ? e segge & ? e asaute wat3 sesed at Troye,
I-wysse;
Mony auntere3 here bi-forne,
2528 Haf fallen suche er ? is:
[I] Now ? at bere ? e croun of ? orne,
He bryng vus to his blysse! AMEN.
[Sidenote A: "Lo! " says he, handling the lace, "this is the band of blame,]
[Sidenote B: a token of my cowardice and covetousness,]
[Sidenote C: I must needs wear it as long as I live. "]
[Sidenote D: The king comforts the knight, and all the court too. ]
[Sidenote E: Each knight of the brotherhood agrees to wear a bright green
belt,]
[Sidenote F: for Gawayne's sake,]
[Sidenote G: who ever more honoured it. ]
[Sidenote H: Thus in Arthur's day this adventure befell. ]
[Sidenote I: He that bore the crown of thorns bring us to His bliss! ]
* * * * *
NOTES.
Line 8 Ricchis turns, goes,
The king . . .
Ricchis his reynys and the Renke metys:
Girden to gedur with ? ere grete speires. --T. B. l. 1232.
37 ? is kyng lay at Camylot vpon kryst-masse.
Camalot, in Malory's "Morte Arthure," is said to be the same as
Winchester. Ritson supposes it to be Caer-went, in Monmouthshire,
and afterwards confounded with Caer-wynt, or Winchester. But
popular tradition here seems the best guide, which assigned the site
of Camalot to the ruins of a castle on a hill, near the church of
South Cadbury, in Somersetshire (Sir F. Madden).
65 Nowel nayted o-newe, neuened ful ofte.
Christmas celebrated anew, mentioned full often.
Sir F. Madden leaves the word nayted unexplained in his Glossary
to "Syr Gawayne. "
124 syluener ylueren, i. e. silver dishes.
139 lyndes endes, loins.
142 in his muckel, in his greatness.
184 Wat3 euesed al umbe-torne--? was trimmed, all cut evenly around;
umbe-torne may be an error for vmbe-corue ,ut round.
216 in gracios werkes. Sir F. Madden reads gracons for gracios, and
suggests Greek as the meaning of it.
244-5 As al were slypped vpon slepe so slaked hor lote3
in hy3e.
As all were fallen asleep so ceased their words
in haste (suddenly).
Sir F. Madden reads slaked horlote3, instead of slaked hor lote3,
which, according to his glossary, signifies drunken vagabonds.
He evidently takes horlote3 to be another (and a very uncommon) form
of harlote3 earlots. But harlot, or vagabond, would be a very
inappropriate term to apply to the noble Knights of the Round Table.
Moreover, slaked never, I think, means drunken. The general sense of
the verb slake is to let loose, lessen, cease. Cf. lines 411-2,
where sloke, another form of slake, occurs with a similar meaning:
-- layt no fyrre;
bot slokes.
-- seek no further,
but stop (cease).
Sir F. Madden suggests blows as the explanation of slokes. It
is, however, a verb in the imperative mood.
286 Brayn. Matzner suggests brayn-wod.
296 barlay mar loi. This word is exceedingly common in the T. Book
(see l. 3391).
I bid you now, barlay, with besines at all
? at ye set you most soverainly my suster to gete. --T. B. l. 2780.
394 siker. Sir F. Madden reads swer.
440 bluk. Sir F. Madden suggests blunk (horse). I am inclined to keep to
the reading of the MS. , and explain bluk as {ulk hrunk. Cf. the
use of the word Blok in "Early English Alliterative Poems,"
p. 100, l. 272.
558 derue doel, etc. nreat grief. Sir F. Madden reads derne, i. e. secret,
instead of derue (}erf). Cf. line 564.
577 knaged, fastened.
The braunches were borly, sum of bright gold,
With leuys full luffly, light of the same;
With burions aboue bright to beholde;
And fruit on yt fourmyt of fairest of shap,
Of mony kynd that was knyt, knagged aboue. --T. B. l. 4973.
629 & ay quere hit is endele3, etc.
And everywhere it is endless, etc.
Sir F. Madden reads emdele3, i. e. with equal sides.
652 for-be oor-bi urpassing, beyond.
681 for Hadet read Halet taled nxiled (? ). See line 1049.
806 auinant ~uenaunt, pleasantly. Sir F. Madden reads amnant.
954 of. Should we not read on (? ).
957 ? at o? er wyth a gorger wat3 gered ouer ? e swyre.
The gorger or wimple is stated first to have appeared in Edward the
First's reign, and an example is found on the monument of Aveline,
Countess of Lancaster, who died in 1269. From the poem, however, it
would seem that the gorger was confined to elderly ladies (Sir F.
Madden).
968 More lykker-wys on to lyk,
Wat3 ? at scho had on lode.
A more pleasant one to like,
Was that (one) she had under her control.
988 tayt iively, and hence pleasant, agreeable.
1015 in vayres, in purity.
1020 dut munt (? ) }int (? ), referring to sword-sports.
1022 sayn[t] Ione3 day. This is the 27th of December, and the last of the
feast. Sometimes the Christmas festivities were prolonged to New
Year's Day (Sir F. Madden).
1047 derne dede aecret deed. I would prefer to read derue dede great deed. Cf. lines 558, 564.
1053 I wot in worlde, etc. w not (I know not) in worlde, etc.
1054 I nolde, bot if I hit negh my3t on nw3eres morne,
For alle ? e londe in-wyth Logres, etc.
I would not [delay to set out], unless I might approach it on New
Year's morn, for all the lands within England, etc.
1074 in spenne in space an the interval eeanwhile. See line 1503.
1160 slentyng of arwes. Sir F. Madden reads sleutyng.
"Of drawyn swordis sclentyng to and fra,
The brycht mettale, and othir armouris seir,
Quharon the sonnys blenkis betis cleir,
Glitteris and schane, and vnder bemys brycht,
Castis ane new twynklyng or a lemand lycht. "
(G. Douglas' AEneid, Vol. i, p. 421. )
1281 let lyk oppeared pleased.
1283 ? a3 I were burde bry3test, ? e burde in mynde hade, etc.
The sense requires us to read:
? a3 ho were burde bry3test, ? e burne in mynde hade, etc.
i. e. , Though she were lady fairest, the knight in mind had, etc.
1440 Long sythen [seuered] for ? e sounder ? at wi3t for-olde
Long since separated from the sounder or herd that fierce (one)
for-aged (grew very old).
"Now to speke of the boore, the fyrste year he is
A pygge of the sounder callyd, as haue I blys;
The secounde yere an hogge, and soo shall he be,
And an hoggestere, whan he is of yeres thre;
And when he is foure yere, a boor shall he be,
From the sounder of the swyne thenne departyth he;
A synguler is he soo, for alone he woll go. "
(Book of St. Alban's, ed. 1496, sig. d. , i. )
1476 totes eooks, toots.
Sho went up wightly by a walle syde.
To the toppe of a toure and tot ouer the water. --T. B. l. 862.
1623 A verb [? lalede nried] seems wanting after lorde.
1702 fnasted, breathed.
These balfull bestes were, as the boke tellus,
Full flaumond of fyre with fnastyng of logh. --T. B. l. 168.
1710 a strothe rande k rugged path. Cf. the phrases tene greue, l. 1707;
ro3e greue, l. 1898.
1719 Thenne wat3 hit lif vpon list, etc.
Should we not read:
Thenne wat3 hit list vpon lif, etc.
i. e. , Then was there joy in life, etc.
1729 bi lag oe-lagh(? ) elow (? ).
1780 lyf ef(? ), beloved (one).
1869 Ho hat3 kyst ? e kny3t so to3t.
She has kissed the knight so courteous.
Sir F. Madden explains to3t, promptly. To3t seems to be the same as
the Northumbrian taght in the following extract from the "Morte
Arthure":
"There come in at the fyrste course, before the kyng seluene,
Bare hevedys that ware bryghte, burnyste with sylver,
Alle with taghte mene and towne in togers fulle ryche. "--(p. 15. )
The word towne (well-behaved) still exists in wan-ton, the
original meaning of which was ill-mannered, ill-bred.
1909 bray hounde3 +ra? hounde3, i. e. fierce hounds.
1995 He hat3 nere ? at he so3t se wat3 nere ? at he so3t e was near to
that which he sought.
2160 gedere3 ? e rake fakes the path or way.
2167 ? e skwe3 of ? e scowtes skayued hym ? o3t.
The shadows of the hills appeared wild (desolate) to him. Sir F.
Madden reads skayned, of which he gives no explanation.
Skayued kayfed, seems to be the N. Prov. English scafe, wild.
Scotch schaivie, wild, mad. O. N. skeifr. Sw. skef, awry, distorted.
2204 ronge |lattered.
2211 Drede dot3 me no lote No noise shall cause me to dread (fear).
2357 & ? er-for ? at tappe ta ? e.
And therefore take thee that tap.
ta ? e oake thee. Sir F. Madden reads ta? e taketh. See l. 413,
where to ? e rhymes with sothe. We have no imperatives in th in
this poem.
2401 We schyn reuel, etc. Sir F. Madden reads wasch yn reuel.
But schyn dhall. See Glossary to "Alliterative Poems. "
2474 on-coolde en-colde loldly lorrowfully.
2489 in-sounde eoundly, well. Cf. in-blande pogether;
in-lyche, alike; inmydde3, amidst.
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