) On the breaking out of the civil war he
Mount Taurus, which was the first time that a deserted the aristocratical party, and in the follow-
Roman army had passed these mountains.
Mount Taurus, which was the first time that a deserted the aristocratical party, and in the follow-
Roman army had passed these mountains.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Varus allowed them to depart and
the energy necessary for the important task en continued his march without suspicion. His road
trusted to him. In addition to which, he had for lay through the vallies of the Saltus Teutoburgiensis,
years received in Syria the servile obedience of a
a range of hills covered with wood, which extends
race, which had long been accustomed to the Roman north of the Lippe from Osnabrück to Paderborn,
government ; while in Germany he was called to and is known in the present day by the name of
rule over a brave and high-spirited people, who the Teutoburgerwald or Lippische Wald. Varus
had only recently been subdued, and knew nothing had entered the pass, not suspecting any danger,
of the jurisdiction of a Roman province.
his army in a long straggling line, encumbered with
As soon as Varus had crossed the Rhine, he baggage, and accompanied by the wives and chil-
proceeded to levy taxes and to introduce the Ro- dren, whom the soldiers had brought with them
man jurisdiction in the newly conquered country. from their summer quarters, when the Germans
For this he is strongly censured by Dion Cassius suddenly appeared and attacked the Romans on all
(lvi. 18) and Velleius Paterculus (ii. 117), but sides. The Romans were unable to form in line of
without sufficient reason ; for there can be no doubt battle, and with difficulty fought their way to a
that he acted in accordance with his instructions ; more open spot in the wood, where they pitched
and it must be recollected that he was the first their camp for the night. The size and the ar-
governor of Germany, to whom the civil adminis- rangement of this camp, which Germanicus saw
tration as well as the military command had been six years afterwards, showed that the three legions
entrusted. His mistake was in the manner in had not on the first day sustained any material
wiich he carried bis instructions into cffect, and loss. (Tac. Ann, i. 61. ) Varus was now fully
## p. 1232 (#1248) ##########################################
1232
VARUS.
VATIA.
obtained posse
well as other
march through
into Cilicia, w
Corycus on the
strongbolds of
to carry his ar
interior of the
Mount Taurus
1
Roman army
arms were chie
he laid siege i
obtained posse
river, and thus
who were in
This was reek
arms gave him
tained the sur
Cilicia and the
tion of a Ron
entered Rome
was a brillian
the formidable
pirates, who
the rich booty
tured cities and
in the public t
portion to hims
consuls. But
was not comple
for a time, and
formidable thar
1. 23 ; Flor. i
pp. 667,671;
i. 21, ili. 90, ,
Val. Mar. viii.
Rozs, vol. iv.
Servilius, aft
LVIE
. . . . .
VARI
Doos
dead;
aware of his danger. He resolved to destroy 14. QUINTILIUS Varus, probably the son of
almost all his baggage and to make for the strong No. 13, was accused by Domitius Afer in A. D. 27
fortress of Aliso, which had been erected by Drusus (Tac. Hist. iv. 66. ) He is called by Tacitus the
on the Lippe. His first camp was probably in the propinquus of the emperor Tiberius ; and we learn
neighbourhood of Salzuffeln ; and in order to reach from Seneca, who had heard Varus declaiming,
Aliso he had to force his way through the pass in that he was the son-in-law of Germanicus. (Senec.
the neighbourhood of Detmold. His second day's Controv. 4. ) Varus may also have been called
march was one uninterrupted fight from morning to the propinquus of Tiberius, because his mother
night, and the contracted extont of the camp, which Claudia Pulchra was the sobrina of Agrippina.
he pitched at the close of the day, told Germanicus (Tac. Ann. iv. 52, 66. )
that his numbers had been already greatly reduced. VARUS, C. VI'BIUS, whose name occurs
On the morning of the third day Varus continued only on coins, a specimen of which is annexed. On
his march. His difficulties increased more and the obrerse is the head of M. Antonius, and on the
more. The roads were rendered almost impissable reverse Venus holding a figure of Victory in one
by the rain which descended in torrents : but hand and a cornucopia in the other. This Varus
nevertheless the Romans struggled on, though must have been triumvir of the inint or have held
with continually increasing losses, and at last some magistracy after the death of Julius Caesar
emerged from the woods into the open country, and the commencement of the triumvirate, as is
probably in the neighbourhood of Kreuzburg and shown by the beard of M. Antonius, which he
Osterholz. Here, however, the main force of the allowed to grow at the beginning of the trium-
Germans was ready to receive them. With di- virate. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 342. ) The name of Vibius
minished numbers and exhausted bodies, they were Varus occurs in the reign of Hadrian : there was a
unable to penetrate through the vast hosts which c. Vibius Juventius Varus, who was consul in
burrounded them on all sides. The fight at length A. D. 134.
became a slaughter ; the Romans could no longer
preserve their ranks ; Varus in despair put an end
to his own life. Very few of the Romans suc-
ceeded in escaping to Aliso. Most perished on
the field, but several were taken prisoners. Of
these the most distinguished were sacrificed by
Arminius to the gods of his country at aluirs in the
forests ; and the remainder were reduced to slavery.
The ferocity of the enemy did not even spare the
the corpse of Varus was mangled, and his
head cut off and forwarded, as a sign of victory, to VA'SIUS, T. one of the conspirators against
Marobod uus, king of the Marcomanni, who, how- Q. Cassius Longinus, propraetor of Further Spain,
ever, sent it to Augustus. The defeat of Varus was in B. C. 48. (Hirt. B. Alex. 42. ) [LONGINUS,
followed by the loss of all the Roman possessions No. 15. )
between the Weser and the Rhine, and the latter VATIA, the name of a family of the Servilia
river again became the boundary of the Roman do- Gens.
minions. When the news of this defeat reached
1. P. SERVILIUS C. F. M. N. VATIA, surnamed
Rome, the whole city was thrown into conster- ISAURICUS, was the grandson of Q. Metellus Ma-
nation ; and Augustus, who was both wenk and cedonicus. (Cic. pro Dom. 47. ) He is first men-
aged, gave way to the most violent grief, tearing tioned in B. c. 100, where he took up arms with
his garment and calling upon Varus to give him the other Roman nobles against Saturninus. (Cic.
back his legions. . Orders were issued as if the pro C. Rabir. perd. 7. ) He was raised to the con-
very empire was in danger ; and Tiberius was de- sulship by Sulla in B. c. 79, along with Ap. Clau-
spatched with a veteran army to the Rhine. (Dion dius Pulcher, and in the following year (B. C. 78)
Cass. lvi. 18—25 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 117–120 ; Suet.
was sent as proconsul to Cilicia, with a powerful
Aug. 23, Tib. 16, 17; Flor. iv: 12; Tac. Ann. i. fileet and army, in order to clear the seas of the
60, 61, 71. ) The history of the defeat of Varus pirates, whose ravages now spread far and wide. He
has been treated by a great number of German was a man of integrity, resolution, and energy, and
writers, who have maintained very different views carried on the war with great ability and success.
respecting the locality of his defeat. The best ac- At first he sailed against the pirates, and defeated
count in a brief compass is given by Höckh, Rö-them in a naval engagement off the coast of Cilicia
mische Geschichte, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 84, foll. , and by The pirates then abandoned the sea and took re-
Ukert, Geographic der Griechen und Römer, vol. iii. fuge in their strongholds among the mountains
pt. i. p. 124, foll. , in the latter of which works a which skirt the southern coast of Asia Minor.
list of all the treatises on the subject is given. Servilius proceeded to attack their fortresses, which
The following coin was struck by Varus when were defended with the greatest obstinacy and
he was proconsul of Syria.
courage. We have only fragmentary accounts of
this war, which occupied Servilius about three
years ; but it appears that the Romans experienced
all the sufferings and dangers to which regular
troops are generally exposed in a warfare among
mountains defended by brave and hardy inhabit-
ants. Servilius, after landing, first took Olympus,
a town of Lycia, situated on a mountain of the
same name, which was resolutely defended by a
robber chief, called Zenicetus, who perished with
COIN OF P. QUINTILIUS VARUS.
his followers in the flames of the place. He next
COIN OF C. VIBIUS VARUS.
t
of the leading
quendy mentior
Cicero in terms
one of the judic
he supported th
upon Pompey
pirates ; in B.
dignity of pon
by Julius Caesa
the war against
assisted Cicero
Darian conspira
favour of inflict
the conspirators
nobles in procur
in B. C. 56 heo
to bis kingdom
with M. Valeri
casions on whic
notice. He to
bably on accour
B. C. 44, the sa
Annales, which
Servilius must
age at his const
have been abou
respect in whi
raries is shown
by Valerius M.
be
FADE
Pert. i. 21, pro
Proo. Cons. I,
Sun. 10, ad Fe
Val. Max. viii.
VOL. III.
-
## p. 1233 (#1249) ##########################################
A
1233
VATTA.
VATINIUS.
probably the man
orarios Afe in 41
I called by Tuca
Tiberius ; and we can
eard l'arus seca23
of German. cus Seat
also bare been a
because is noche
pouring of Agrippen
S, whose name acces
of which is annered
M. Antonius, and
figure of Victoriae
ibe otber. Tas ir
f the nint or hare les
death of Ju'is Cant
f the triantina, 31
M. Antoane, che
beginning of the treat
12. ) The name of the
of Hadrian: there that
rus, who was consul 1
:
:
BITS VARIS
obtained possession of Phaselis in Pamphylia, ar 2. P. Servilius Varia ISAURICUS, the son
well as other places of less importance, in his of the preceding, made Cato his model in younger
march through the country; and he then penetrated life, and was reckoned by Cicero among the boni
into Cilicia, where he took the strong fortress of or the supporters of the aristocratical party. (Cic.
Corycus on the coast. Having thus subdued the ad Att. ii. 1. § 10, ad Q. Fr. ii. 3. & 2. ) In B. C.
strongholds of the pirates on the coast, he resolved 54 he was practor, when he opposed C. Pomptinus
to carry his arms against the robber-tribas in the in his endearour to obtain a triumph. [Pomp-
interior of the country, and for this purpose crossed Tinus.
) On the breaking out of the civil war he
Mount Taurus, which was the first time that a deserted the aristocratical party, and in the follow-
Roman army had passed these mountains. His ing year (B. C. 48) was chosen consul along with
arms were chiefly directed against the Isauri, and Julius Caesar. Ile was left behind at Rome, while
he laid siege to their capital, Isaura, of which he Caesar crossed over to Greece to prosecute the
obtained possession by diverting the course of a war against Pompey, and in the course of this year
river, and thus depriving the inhabitants of water, he put down with a strong arm the revolutionary
who were in consequence compelled to surrender. attempts of the prctor M. Caclius Rufus, a history
This was reckoned his most brilliant success : his of which is given elsewhere (Vol. III. p. 672, b. ).
army gave him the title of Imperator, and he ob- In B. C. 46 he governed the province of Asia as
tained the surname of Isauricus. After giving proconsul, during which time Cicero wrote to him
Cilicia and the surrounding country the organiza- several letters (ad Fam. xiii. 66—72). After the
tion of a Roman province, he sailed home and death of Caesar in B. C. 44, he supported Cicero
entered Rome in triumph in B. c. 74. His triumph and the rest of the aristocratical party, in opposi-
was a brilliant one. The people flocked to see tion to Antonius, and took a leading part in the
the formidable Nicon, and the other leaders of the debates in the senate during the war at Murina.
pirates, who walked in the procession, and also (Dion Cass. xli. 43, xlii. 17, 23 ; Appian, B. C. ii.
the rich booty which he had obtained in the cap: 48 ; Caes. B. C. ii. 21 ; Cic. ad Fain. xii
. 2, Phil.
tured cities and which he conscientiously deposited vii. 8, ix. 6, xi. 8, xii. 2, 7, xiv. 3, 4. ) But he
in the public treasury, without appropriating any soon changed sides again, though the particulars
portion to himself, after the fashion of most pro- are not recorded : it was probably when Octavian,
consuls. But brilliant as his success had been, it who was betrothed to his daughter Servilia (Suet.
was not complete ; the pirates were only repressed Octav. 62), deserted the cause of the senate, which
for a time, and their ravages soon became more he had never seriously espoused. Servilius became
formidable than ever. (Liv. Epit. 90, 93 ; Oros. reconciled to Antonius, probably through the in-
v. 23 ; Flor. iii. 6 ; Eutrop. vi. 3; Strab. xiv. | Auence of Octavian : accordingly his name did not
pp. 667, 671 ; Frontin. Strat. iii. 7. § 1; Cic. Verr. appear in the proscription lists, and he is called
i. 21, iii. 90, v. 26, 30, de Leg. Agr. i. 2, ii. 19 ; in the letters to Brutus which go under the name
Val. Max. viii. 5. $6; comp. Drumann, Geschichte of Cicero,“ homo furiosus et insolens,” On the
Roms, vol. iv. pp. 396, 397. )
formation of the triumvirate in B. C. 43, Octavian
Servilius, after his return, was regarded as one broke his engagement with Servilia in order to
of the leading members of the senate, and is fre- marry Claudia, the daughter of Fulvia, the wife
quently mentioned in the orations and letters of of Antonius ; and it was probably as a compensation
Cicero in terms of great respect. In B. C. 70 he was for this injury that Servilius was promised the
one of the judices at the trial of Verres ; in B. c. 66 consulship in B. C. 41 with L. Antonius as his col-
he supported the rogation of Manilius for conferring league. He was at Rome in B. C. 41, when L. An-
upon Pompey the command of the war against the tonius took possession of the city in the war against
piratcs ; in B. C. 63 he was a candidate for the Octavian, usually called the Perusinian. Servilius
dignity of pontifex maximus, but was defeated does not appear to have espoused the cause of his
by Julius Caesar, who had served under him in colleague, but owing to his want of energy he of-
the war against the pirates ; in the same year he fered no opposition to him. (Pseudo-Cic. ad Brut.
assisted Cicero in the suppression of the Catili. ii. 2 ; Dion Cass. xlviii. 4, 13; Suet. Tib. 5. )
narian conspiracy, and spoke in the senate in VATICANUS, an agnomen of T. Romilius
favour of inflicting the last penalty of the law upon Rocus, consul B. C. 455, and a member of the first
the conspirators; in B. C. 57 he joined the other decemvirate (RomiliUS), and also of P. Sextius
nobles in procuring Cicero's recall from banishment; Capitolinus, consul B. C. 452, and likewise a mem-
in B. C. 56 he opposed the restoration of Ptolemy ber of the first decemvirate. (CAPITOLINUS,
to his kingdom ; and in B. c. 55 be was censor p. 606, a. )
with M. Valerius Messala Niger. The other oc- VATI'NIUS. 1. P. VATINIUS, the grand-
casions on which his name occurs do not require father of the celebrated tribune (No. 2), was said
notice. He took no part in the civil wars, pro- to have informed the senate in B. C. 168, that as
bably on account of his advanced age, and died in he was returning one night from the praefectura of
B. c. 44, the same year as Caesar. By the Leges Reate to Rome he was met by two youths on
Annales, which were strictly enforced by Sulla, white horses (the Dioscuri), who announced that
Servilius must have been at the least 43 years of king Perseus was taken on that day. The tale
age at his consulship, B. C. 79, and must therefore went on to say that Vatinius was first thrown into
have been about 80 at the time of his death. The prison for such rash words, but that, when the
respect in which he was held by his contempo- news came from Aemilius Paulus that the king had
raries is shown by a striking tale, which is related really fallen into his hands on the day named by
by Valerius Maximus and Dion Cassius. (Cic. Vatinius, the senate bestowed upon the latter a
Verr. i. 21, pro Leg. Man. 23, ad Au. xii. 21, de grant of land and exemption from military service.
Prov. Cons. 1, post Red. ad Quir. 7, post Red, in (Cic. de Nat. Deor. ii. 2, iii. 5. )
Sen. 10, ad Fam. i. 1, xvi. 23, Philipp ii. 5; 2. P. Vatinius, grandson of the preceding,
Val. Max. viii, 5. § 6 ; Dion Cass. xlv. 16. ) played a leading part in the party striſes of the
the conspiratas 223
retor of Forte Se
Akr. 12) (LONGINTI
a
family of the Servizi
V. x. l'Atu, sumamed
dson of Q. Mees -
the 47. ) He i biso
re he took up arms TIH
192 insi Saturnas LE
He was raised to be the
19, along with da li
following year (267
» Cilicia, with a power
to clear the seas of the
r spread far and side. He
280. ation, and eserrt, ani
Teai ability and an
ihe pirates, and delicted
ent of tbe coast of C
led the sea and took
Is among the D233
m cast of Asä Vise
ack their fortresses, at
e greatest obstinat :
ſ fragmentary swet d
d Servilion about the
i the Romars experiend
angers to which parala
ased in a water 2
brave and hard izbor
iding, first took 0
OD & Donega
resolute? r deteaded by:
vetus, who pershed
s of the place. He sett
d
VOL. III.
4 K
## p. 1234 (#1250) ##########################################
1234
VATINIUS.
VATINIUS.
last days of the republic. Cicero, in his oration of Vatinius in the speech which has come down
against Vatinius, which has come down to us, to us. Nevertheless, he carefully avoids saying a
describes him as one of the greatest scamps and word against Caesar, of whom Vatinius had been
villains that ever lived ; and without believing all only the instrument. The elections at Rome this
that Cicero says against him, it appears pretty year were attended with the most serious riots.
certain that he was, like most other public men The aristocracy strained every nerve to prevent the
of his age, possessed of little or no principle, and election of Pompey and Crassus to the consulship;
ready to sell bis services to the highest bidder. and so great were the tumults that it was not till
His personal appearance was unprepossessing ; his the beginning of the following year (B. c. 55) that
face and neck were covered with swellings, to the elections took place, and Pompey and Crassus
which Cicero alludes more than once, calling him were declared consuls. (Vol. III. p. 486, a. ) Not
the struma ciuitutis. (Cic. pro Sest.
the energy necessary for the important task en continued his march without suspicion. His road
trusted to him. In addition to which, he had for lay through the vallies of the Saltus Teutoburgiensis,
years received in Syria the servile obedience of a
a range of hills covered with wood, which extends
race, which had long been accustomed to the Roman north of the Lippe from Osnabrück to Paderborn,
government ; while in Germany he was called to and is known in the present day by the name of
rule over a brave and high-spirited people, who the Teutoburgerwald or Lippische Wald. Varus
had only recently been subdued, and knew nothing had entered the pass, not suspecting any danger,
of the jurisdiction of a Roman province.
his army in a long straggling line, encumbered with
As soon as Varus had crossed the Rhine, he baggage, and accompanied by the wives and chil-
proceeded to levy taxes and to introduce the Ro- dren, whom the soldiers had brought with them
man jurisdiction in the newly conquered country. from their summer quarters, when the Germans
For this he is strongly censured by Dion Cassius suddenly appeared and attacked the Romans on all
(lvi. 18) and Velleius Paterculus (ii. 117), but sides. The Romans were unable to form in line of
without sufficient reason ; for there can be no doubt battle, and with difficulty fought their way to a
that he acted in accordance with his instructions ; more open spot in the wood, where they pitched
and it must be recollected that he was the first their camp for the night. The size and the ar-
governor of Germany, to whom the civil adminis- rangement of this camp, which Germanicus saw
tration as well as the military command had been six years afterwards, showed that the three legions
entrusted. His mistake was in the manner in had not on the first day sustained any material
wiich he carried bis instructions into cffect, and loss. (Tac. Ann, i. 61. ) Varus was now fully
## p. 1232 (#1248) ##########################################
1232
VARUS.
VATIA.
obtained posse
well as other
march through
into Cilicia, w
Corycus on the
strongbolds of
to carry his ar
interior of the
Mount Taurus
1
Roman army
arms were chie
he laid siege i
obtained posse
river, and thus
who were in
This was reek
arms gave him
tained the sur
Cilicia and the
tion of a Ron
entered Rome
was a brillian
the formidable
pirates, who
the rich booty
tured cities and
in the public t
portion to hims
consuls. But
was not comple
for a time, and
formidable thar
1. 23 ; Flor. i
pp. 667,671;
i. 21, ili. 90, ,
Val. Mar. viii.
Rozs, vol. iv.
Servilius, aft
LVIE
. . . . .
VARI
Doos
dead;
aware of his danger. He resolved to destroy 14. QUINTILIUS Varus, probably the son of
almost all his baggage and to make for the strong No. 13, was accused by Domitius Afer in A. D. 27
fortress of Aliso, which had been erected by Drusus (Tac. Hist. iv. 66. ) He is called by Tacitus the
on the Lippe. His first camp was probably in the propinquus of the emperor Tiberius ; and we learn
neighbourhood of Salzuffeln ; and in order to reach from Seneca, who had heard Varus declaiming,
Aliso he had to force his way through the pass in that he was the son-in-law of Germanicus. (Senec.
the neighbourhood of Detmold. His second day's Controv. 4. ) Varus may also have been called
march was one uninterrupted fight from morning to the propinquus of Tiberius, because his mother
night, and the contracted extont of the camp, which Claudia Pulchra was the sobrina of Agrippina.
he pitched at the close of the day, told Germanicus (Tac. Ann. iv. 52, 66. )
that his numbers had been already greatly reduced. VARUS, C. VI'BIUS, whose name occurs
On the morning of the third day Varus continued only on coins, a specimen of which is annexed. On
his march. His difficulties increased more and the obrerse is the head of M. Antonius, and on the
more. The roads were rendered almost impissable reverse Venus holding a figure of Victory in one
by the rain which descended in torrents : but hand and a cornucopia in the other. This Varus
nevertheless the Romans struggled on, though must have been triumvir of the inint or have held
with continually increasing losses, and at last some magistracy after the death of Julius Caesar
emerged from the woods into the open country, and the commencement of the triumvirate, as is
probably in the neighbourhood of Kreuzburg and shown by the beard of M. Antonius, which he
Osterholz. Here, however, the main force of the allowed to grow at the beginning of the trium-
Germans was ready to receive them. With di- virate. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 342. ) The name of Vibius
minished numbers and exhausted bodies, they were Varus occurs in the reign of Hadrian : there was a
unable to penetrate through the vast hosts which c. Vibius Juventius Varus, who was consul in
burrounded them on all sides. The fight at length A. D. 134.
became a slaughter ; the Romans could no longer
preserve their ranks ; Varus in despair put an end
to his own life. Very few of the Romans suc-
ceeded in escaping to Aliso. Most perished on
the field, but several were taken prisoners. Of
these the most distinguished were sacrificed by
Arminius to the gods of his country at aluirs in the
forests ; and the remainder were reduced to slavery.
The ferocity of the enemy did not even spare the
the corpse of Varus was mangled, and his
head cut off and forwarded, as a sign of victory, to VA'SIUS, T. one of the conspirators against
Marobod uus, king of the Marcomanni, who, how- Q. Cassius Longinus, propraetor of Further Spain,
ever, sent it to Augustus. The defeat of Varus was in B. C. 48. (Hirt. B. Alex. 42. ) [LONGINUS,
followed by the loss of all the Roman possessions No. 15. )
between the Weser and the Rhine, and the latter VATIA, the name of a family of the Servilia
river again became the boundary of the Roman do- Gens.
minions. When the news of this defeat reached
1. P. SERVILIUS C. F. M. N. VATIA, surnamed
Rome, the whole city was thrown into conster- ISAURICUS, was the grandson of Q. Metellus Ma-
nation ; and Augustus, who was both wenk and cedonicus. (Cic. pro Dom. 47. ) He is first men-
aged, gave way to the most violent grief, tearing tioned in B. c. 100, where he took up arms with
his garment and calling upon Varus to give him the other Roman nobles against Saturninus. (Cic.
back his legions. . Orders were issued as if the pro C. Rabir. perd. 7. ) He was raised to the con-
very empire was in danger ; and Tiberius was de- sulship by Sulla in B. c. 79, along with Ap. Clau-
spatched with a veteran army to the Rhine. (Dion dius Pulcher, and in the following year (B. C. 78)
Cass. lvi. 18—25 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 117–120 ; Suet.
was sent as proconsul to Cilicia, with a powerful
Aug. 23, Tib. 16, 17; Flor. iv: 12; Tac. Ann. i. fileet and army, in order to clear the seas of the
60, 61, 71. ) The history of the defeat of Varus pirates, whose ravages now spread far and wide. He
has been treated by a great number of German was a man of integrity, resolution, and energy, and
writers, who have maintained very different views carried on the war with great ability and success.
respecting the locality of his defeat. The best ac- At first he sailed against the pirates, and defeated
count in a brief compass is given by Höckh, Rö-them in a naval engagement off the coast of Cilicia
mische Geschichte, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 84, foll. , and by The pirates then abandoned the sea and took re-
Ukert, Geographic der Griechen und Römer, vol. iii. fuge in their strongholds among the mountains
pt. i. p. 124, foll. , in the latter of which works a which skirt the southern coast of Asia Minor.
list of all the treatises on the subject is given. Servilius proceeded to attack their fortresses, which
The following coin was struck by Varus when were defended with the greatest obstinacy and
he was proconsul of Syria.
courage. We have only fragmentary accounts of
this war, which occupied Servilius about three
years ; but it appears that the Romans experienced
all the sufferings and dangers to which regular
troops are generally exposed in a warfare among
mountains defended by brave and hardy inhabit-
ants. Servilius, after landing, first took Olympus,
a town of Lycia, situated on a mountain of the
same name, which was resolutely defended by a
robber chief, called Zenicetus, who perished with
COIN OF P. QUINTILIUS VARUS.
his followers in the flames of the place. He next
COIN OF C. VIBIUS VARUS.
t
of the leading
quendy mentior
Cicero in terms
one of the judic
he supported th
upon Pompey
pirates ; in B.
dignity of pon
by Julius Caesa
the war against
assisted Cicero
Darian conspira
favour of inflict
the conspirators
nobles in procur
in B. C. 56 heo
to bis kingdom
with M. Valeri
casions on whic
notice. He to
bably on accour
B. C. 44, the sa
Annales, which
Servilius must
age at his const
have been abou
respect in whi
raries is shown
by Valerius M.
be
FADE
Pert. i. 21, pro
Proo. Cons. I,
Sun. 10, ad Fe
Val. Max. viii.
VOL. III.
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1233
VATTA.
VATINIUS.
probably the man
orarios Afe in 41
I called by Tuca
Tiberius ; and we can
eard l'arus seca23
of German. cus Seat
also bare been a
because is noche
pouring of Agrippen
S, whose name acces
of which is annered
M. Antonius, and
figure of Victoriae
ibe otber. Tas ir
f the nint or hare les
death of Ju'is Cant
f the triantina, 31
M. Antoane, che
beginning of the treat
12. ) The name of the
of Hadrian: there that
rus, who was consul 1
:
:
BITS VARIS
obtained possession of Phaselis in Pamphylia, ar 2. P. Servilius Varia ISAURICUS, the son
well as other places of less importance, in his of the preceding, made Cato his model in younger
march through the country; and he then penetrated life, and was reckoned by Cicero among the boni
into Cilicia, where he took the strong fortress of or the supporters of the aristocratical party. (Cic.
Corycus on the coast. Having thus subdued the ad Att. ii. 1. § 10, ad Q. Fr. ii. 3. & 2. ) In B. C.
strongholds of the pirates on the coast, he resolved 54 he was practor, when he opposed C. Pomptinus
to carry his arms against the robber-tribas in the in his endearour to obtain a triumph. [Pomp-
interior of the country, and for this purpose crossed Tinus.
) On the breaking out of the civil war he
Mount Taurus, which was the first time that a deserted the aristocratical party, and in the follow-
Roman army had passed these mountains. His ing year (B. C. 48) was chosen consul along with
arms were chiefly directed against the Isauri, and Julius Caesar. Ile was left behind at Rome, while
he laid siege to their capital, Isaura, of which he Caesar crossed over to Greece to prosecute the
obtained possession by diverting the course of a war against Pompey, and in the course of this year
river, and thus depriving the inhabitants of water, he put down with a strong arm the revolutionary
who were in consequence compelled to surrender. attempts of the prctor M. Caclius Rufus, a history
This was reckoned his most brilliant success : his of which is given elsewhere (Vol. III. p. 672, b. ).
army gave him the title of Imperator, and he ob- In B. C. 46 he governed the province of Asia as
tained the surname of Isauricus. After giving proconsul, during which time Cicero wrote to him
Cilicia and the surrounding country the organiza- several letters (ad Fam. xiii. 66—72). After the
tion of a Roman province, he sailed home and death of Caesar in B. C. 44, he supported Cicero
entered Rome in triumph in B. c. 74. His triumph and the rest of the aristocratical party, in opposi-
was a brilliant one. The people flocked to see tion to Antonius, and took a leading part in the
the formidable Nicon, and the other leaders of the debates in the senate during the war at Murina.
pirates, who walked in the procession, and also (Dion Cass. xli. 43, xlii. 17, 23 ; Appian, B. C. ii.
the rich booty which he had obtained in the cap: 48 ; Caes. B. C. ii. 21 ; Cic. ad Fain. xii
. 2, Phil.
tured cities and which he conscientiously deposited vii. 8, ix. 6, xi. 8, xii. 2, 7, xiv. 3, 4. ) But he
in the public treasury, without appropriating any soon changed sides again, though the particulars
portion to himself, after the fashion of most pro- are not recorded : it was probably when Octavian,
consuls. But brilliant as his success had been, it who was betrothed to his daughter Servilia (Suet.
was not complete ; the pirates were only repressed Octav. 62), deserted the cause of the senate, which
for a time, and their ravages soon became more he had never seriously espoused. Servilius became
formidable than ever. (Liv. Epit. 90, 93 ; Oros. reconciled to Antonius, probably through the in-
v. 23 ; Flor. iii. 6 ; Eutrop. vi. 3; Strab. xiv. | Auence of Octavian : accordingly his name did not
pp. 667, 671 ; Frontin. Strat. iii. 7. § 1; Cic. Verr. appear in the proscription lists, and he is called
i. 21, iii. 90, v. 26, 30, de Leg. Agr. i. 2, ii. 19 ; in the letters to Brutus which go under the name
Val. Max. viii. 5. $6; comp. Drumann, Geschichte of Cicero,“ homo furiosus et insolens,” On the
Roms, vol. iv. pp. 396, 397. )
formation of the triumvirate in B. C. 43, Octavian
Servilius, after his return, was regarded as one broke his engagement with Servilia in order to
of the leading members of the senate, and is fre- marry Claudia, the daughter of Fulvia, the wife
quently mentioned in the orations and letters of of Antonius ; and it was probably as a compensation
Cicero in terms of great respect. In B. C. 70 he was for this injury that Servilius was promised the
one of the judices at the trial of Verres ; in B. c. 66 consulship in B. C. 41 with L. Antonius as his col-
he supported the rogation of Manilius for conferring league. He was at Rome in B. C. 41, when L. An-
upon Pompey the command of the war against the tonius took possession of the city in the war against
piratcs ; in B. C. 63 he was a candidate for the Octavian, usually called the Perusinian. Servilius
dignity of pontifex maximus, but was defeated does not appear to have espoused the cause of his
by Julius Caesar, who had served under him in colleague, but owing to his want of energy he of-
the war against the pirates ; in the same year he fered no opposition to him. (Pseudo-Cic. ad Brut.
assisted Cicero in the suppression of the Catili. ii. 2 ; Dion Cass. xlviii. 4, 13; Suet. Tib. 5. )
narian conspiracy, and spoke in the senate in VATICANUS, an agnomen of T. Romilius
favour of inflicting the last penalty of the law upon Rocus, consul B. C. 455, and a member of the first
the conspirators; in B. C. 57 he joined the other decemvirate (RomiliUS), and also of P. Sextius
nobles in procuring Cicero's recall from banishment; Capitolinus, consul B. C. 452, and likewise a mem-
in B. C. 56 he opposed the restoration of Ptolemy ber of the first decemvirate. (CAPITOLINUS,
to his kingdom ; and in B. c. 55 be was censor p. 606, a. )
with M. Valerius Messala Niger. The other oc- VATI'NIUS. 1. P. VATINIUS, the grand-
casions on which his name occurs do not require father of the celebrated tribune (No. 2), was said
notice. He took no part in the civil wars, pro- to have informed the senate in B. C. 168, that as
bably on account of his advanced age, and died in he was returning one night from the praefectura of
B. c. 44, the same year as Caesar. By the Leges Reate to Rome he was met by two youths on
Annales, which were strictly enforced by Sulla, white horses (the Dioscuri), who announced that
Servilius must have been at the least 43 years of king Perseus was taken on that day. The tale
age at his consulship, B. C. 79, and must therefore went on to say that Vatinius was first thrown into
have been about 80 at the time of his death. The prison for such rash words, but that, when the
respect in which he was held by his contempo- news came from Aemilius Paulus that the king had
raries is shown by a striking tale, which is related really fallen into his hands on the day named by
by Valerius Maximus and Dion Cassius. (Cic. Vatinius, the senate bestowed upon the latter a
Verr. i. 21, pro Leg. Man. 23, ad Au. xii. 21, de grant of land and exemption from military service.
Prov. Cons. 1, post Red. ad Quir. 7, post Red, in (Cic. de Nat. Deor. ii. 2, iii. 5. )
Sen. 10, ad Fam. i. 1, xvi. 23, Philipp ii. 5; 2. P. Vatinius, grandson of the preceding,
Val. Max. viii, 5. § 6 ; Dion Cass. xlv. 16. ) played a leading part in the party striſes of the
the conspiratas 223
retor of Forte Se
Akr. 12) (LONGINTI
a
family of the Servizi
V. x. l'Atu, sumamed
dson of Q. Mees -
the 47. ) He i biso
re he took up arms TIH
192 insi Saturnas LE
He was raised to be the
19, along with da li
following year (267
» Cilicia, with a power
to clear the seas of the
r spread far and side. He
280. ation, and eserrt, ani
Teai ability and an
ihe pirates, and delicted
ent of tbe coast of C
led the sea and took
Is among the D233
m cast of Asä Vise
ack their fortresses, at
e greatest obstinat :
ſ fragmentary swet d
d Servilion about the
i the Romars experiend
angers to which parala
ased in a water 2
brave and hard izbor
iding, first took 0
OD & Donega
resolute? r deteaded by:
vetus, who pershed
s of the place. He sett
d
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4 K
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1234
VATINIUS.
VATINIUS.
last days of the republic. Cicero, in his oration of Vatinius in the speech which has come down
against Vatinius, which has come down to us, to us. Nevertheless, he carefully avoids saying a
describes him as one of the greatest scamps and word against Caesar, of whom Vatinius had been
villains that ever lived ; and without believing all only the instrument. The elections at Rome this
that Cicero says against him, it appears pretty year were attended with the most serious riots.
certain that he was, like most other public men The aristocracy strained every nerve to prevent the
of his age, possessed of little or no principle, and election of Pompey and Crassus to the consulship;
ready to sell bis services to the highest bidder. and so great were the tumults that it was not till
His personal appearance was unprepossessing ; his the beginning of the following year (B. c. 55) that
face and neck were covered with swellings, to the elections took place, and Pompey and Crassus
which Cicero alludes more than once, calling him were declared consuls. (Vol. III. p. 486, a. ) Not
the struma ciuitutis. (Cic. pro Sest.
