ScarfogJio: Carlo Scarfoglio, an Italian writer (son of Matilde Serso, one of Italy's leading journalists) who translated the
Confucian
Odes into Italian [D81b].
Ezra-Pound-Japan-Letters-essays
Author of Roppeita's Talks on Art (1942).
Umewaka Minoru: Minoru Umewaka (1827-1909), a No player of the Kanze
School. Fenollosa took lessons from him.
Mushakoji: Saneatsu Mushakoji ( ^ /? yU ^% % K, ) [1885-1976], a Japanese
novelist and painter,
y. Yashiro:YukioYashiro( -^V^"^^g. ), authorofSandraBotticelli(London
and Boston: The Medici Society, 1925), 3 vols. (Only 630 copies were printed. ) Neue SachJichkeit; movement of self-proclaimed "sober objectivity. "
Frazier; Senator L. J. Frazier (Republican) of North Dakota. Pound corresponded with Frazier in 1936 about the possibility of compiling a "real text book" for the study of American history in the schools.
VoJpi; Giuseppe Volpi, Count di Misurata (1877-1947), Italian Minister of Finance (1925-29); translated The History of Fascism. He appears in Cantos 76/39, 80/87.
? 232
NOTES
105
y. Noguchi; Japanese poet and expert on wood-block prints [Ukiyo-e]; see letter 1. "the jew is underneath the lot": T. S. Eliot, "Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein
withaCigar,"1. 23.
Reese: Holroyd Reese, founder of Albatross Books (Hamburg-Paris-Bologna) and
purchaser of Tauchnitz Editions.
Bibliotecario: librarian.
Bernie Pshaw: George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950); saw Michio Ito dance at a
gathering at Lady Ottoline Morrell's home in 1918. 106
Maupassant: Guy de Maupassant. CaJdweJJ; Erskine Caldwell.
107
Gerhart Munch: German pianist, who along with Olga Rudge, violinist, "formed the nucleus of the Rapallo concerts. " The Amici del Tigullio sponsored the concerts. See R. Murray Schafer, Ezra Pound and Music (New York: New Directions, 1977), p. 322, and Canto 75.
108
/anequin: Clement Janequin (1472/75-1559/60), French musician; see Cantos 75 and 79.
San PantaJeo: a small church on the hillside of Sant'Ambrogio.
videt et urbes: "and he looks at the towns. "
Politico Economico-Sociale in Italia: Italy's Policy of Social Economics 1939/1940
[A49].
109
'>
Matsuoka: Yosuke Matsuoka ( ;fl; (S] i^j^;& ) [1880-1946], was appointed For- eign Minister of Japan in 1940, and concluded the Japan-Germany-Italy Tripar- tite Pact.
Guam: an island in the South-west Pacific; soon to become the scene of a bloody battle in World War II.
U. P. : United Press.
put it on the air: see "March Arrivals" (1941) in Ezra Pound Speaking.
110
Nott edtn/: [B36].
"Buona Pasqua": "Happy Easter. "
^^ -^4^^
HoshuSaitoandGadoOno:[
raphers who taught calligraphy in Japanese universities around the turn of the century.
), ( yj^ff' K|'|1 )- Japanese callig-
? NOTES 233
"hichbhow": The Fountain of the Highbrow, selected essays by Katue Kitasono. Mr. Eliot converting the Archbish. of York: (? ) reference to T. S. Eliot's broadcast in
the spring of 1941, "Towards a Christian Britain. "
113
Studio IntegraJe: Italian translation of Confucius' Ta Hsiieh (Ta S'eu; Ta Hio; Daigaku) by Ezra Pound and Alberto Luchini, published in 1942 [B461. Each page had the Chinese text with the Italian version below.
Mao's comment: Mao Shih Cheng Chien, a Confucian anthology of poetry edited with commentary by Mao.
S. Int. on the better paper: Some copies of the Studio Integrole were printed on a "better," thicker, and watermarked paper,
married: Mary Pound married Boris de Rachewiltz; their son is Siegfried Walter de Rachewiltz.
114
Loo, Mao: Probably Lao-tzu (the "originator" of Taoism) and Mao Shih Cheng Chien, but it is hard to guess the "interesting plan"; see Kitasono's letter to Dorothy Pound, 15 December 1948.
Je mange, done je suis: "I eat, therefore I am. " A parody of Descartes' dictum, ")e pense, done je suis" ("I think, therefore I am"). Shortage of food was extremely serious in Japan during the post-World War II period. [One form of Pound's stationery had also borne the motto: "j'aime, done je suis" ("I love, therefore I am")).
115
G. H. Q. : General Headquarters (of the Occupation Troops in Japan). D. D. Paige: editor of The Letters of Ezra Pound, 1907-1941 [A64].
116
The Rape of Lucretia: libretto by Ronald Duncan for music by Benjamin Britten, who was later to compose a group of No-inspired operas.
117
a charming duck: probably alluding to the phoenix myth and to the story of "The Ugly Duckling. " "Cendre" means ashes, cinders.
118
Four Pages: a little magazine published by Dallam Flynn, a member of Pound's circle at St. Elizabeths; see Eustace Mullins, This Difficuh Individual, p. 314. Sokolsky: George Ephraim Sokolsky (1893-1962), American journalist. In his col- umn, "These Days," which appeared in the New York Sun and some 300 news- papers during the 1940s and early 1950s, he crusaded against what he thought to
? 234 NOTES
be the growing menace of Communism. He was one of the visitors of Pound in
Washington, D. C. ; see Mullins, p. 315.
Marcos Fingerit: Argentine poet; author of Antna, 22 Poemas Contemporaneos
(Buenos Aires, 1929); Cancionero Secreto (La Plata, 1937); Ardiente Signo, con una nota Liminar de ]ose Luis Sanchez-Tricado (La Plata, 1940).
119
Kumasaka: a No play; see The Classic Noh Theatre of Japan, Part IL
Chinese poems: The first two lines written in Chinese are from Po Le-t'ien. The longer poem, according to Yasuo Fujitomi, is the Chinese translation of Kitaso- no's poem, "Dishes," by a Chinese friend of Kitasono. The original Japanese
poem, "Dishes," may be translated into English:
For supper dishes are spread like tree leaves
Rape blossoms fresh gingers and starworts
Every day ephemeral and delightful
Sound of the dishes sorrowful and hard pierces my heart
They grow
a grass leaf
a cloud
And are filled with the potter's thought like a gust of wind.
Kenneth Rexroth: (1905-1982), American poet, essayist, and translator; among his works are One Hundred Poems from the Japanese (1955), and One Hundred More Poems from the Japanese (1976).
Manyo and Kokin Wakas: Japanese poems in the anthologies, ManydshU and Kokinshu; see notes to letter 68.
120
Mao Shih: Mao Shih Cheng Chien, Confucian anthology of poetry edited with commentary by Mao. See Ezra Pound's letter to Kitasono, 21 October 1937; and Dorothy Pound's letter to Kitasono, 4 May 1947.
122
Thomas Cole: see Kitasono's next letter to Dorothy Pound. Cole's "Conversation with Ezra Pound," however, is not printed in VOU 35. Instead, his poem "Toward Winter Journey" translated into Japanese by Kitasono is printed in VOU 34, published 1 January 1950.
? NOTES 235
123
stiJis; cinema photographs (frames). Prof. HisatomiMitsugi:MitsugiHisatomi(1908- ) wastopublishFenoUosa:A
Record of a Man Who Devoted Himself to Japanese Art (Tokyo: Risosha, 1957). Kayoikonnachi: a No play. A woman, who daily gathers and brings nuts and fire- wood to a priest in ascetic practice at Yase, turns out to be the ghost of Ono no Komachi, a Heian poetess. The priest prays for her and her lover, Fukakusa no Shosho. They receive Buddhist commandments. Confirmed, they are saved from
the agonies of hell.
Kocho: a No play by Kanze Nobumitsu. A priest from Yoshino watches a plum tree
in Kyoto. A woman appears, talks of the Chuang-tzu, and disappears. The priest chants a Buddhist script. The woman reappears in the form of a butterfly, enlightened, dances and disappears. Chuang-tzu is said to be written by Chuang- chou, or Soshu in Japanese. Cf. Pound's poem, "Ancient Wisdom, Rather Cosm- ic": "So-shu dreamed . . . a butterfly. "
125
Yasutaka Fumoto: (1907- ), a Japanese Sinologist, who taught at The Third High School, The First High School, Tokyo University, and other universities; author of The Development of Confucian Studies in the North Sung Dynasty (1961), and other books on Chinese history of thought.
Pro/. Goto Sueo: Sueo Goto (1886-1967), a Japanese Sinologist, and professor at Keio University; among his books are CuJturaJ Currents between East and West, and Literature and Science.
126
"The Garret" . . . : These poems are translated and published in VOU 35 (1951), pp. 15-16.
127
Veda Tamotsu: Tamotsu Ueda (1906-73), professor of English at Keio University. His translations of How to Read and some short poems by Pound were published as Sekai Bungaku no Yomikata (Tokyo: Hobunkan, 1953). He is also the trans- lator of Selected Poems of T. S. Eliot (1973). His miscellaneous works were collected and published posthumously as Collected Works of Tamotsu Ueda (1975).
129
Michael Reck: a disciple of Pound's St. Elizabeths years who travelled to Japan; Pound provided introductions to Michio Ito and Katue Kitasono, as well as to Yasuo Fujitomi (translator of e. e. cummings) with whom Reck attempted a Japanesetranslationof Pound's Women of Trachis (Traxiniai). Reck is the author of Ezra Pound: A Close-Up (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967); see Appendix 3.
? 236 NOTES
In a letter of March 12, 1954, Pound wrote to Reck the following remarks on how to go about rendering a Japanese version of the TRAXINIAI:
RK/ re TRAX/
dont bother about the words, translate the meaning, in the spoken parts/dialog, this should be clear, and be what the speaker would say if getting over the meaning in Japanese now.
in the XOROI, go for the feeling. The two kinds of language are quite different/ in the first real people are speaking/
saying what carries forward the action/ in the XOROI they are singing (except the few lines marked "spoken")/
Ito cd/ do some fine choreography for the Analolu/ xoros.
The troops have come home/ whoops, there is no need for more than one voice, most of the time/ (others repeat contrapunto, one voice C<< a time. However No-like &-for as Jong as they like. ) a lot of voices might blurr the words. The greek will do you no good, unless the jap chorus could get closer to the greek rhythm, than in working from the english/ but it is not the least necessary to copy either/
it is a case of getting the equivalent feeling. The form of the play is magnif/ everything fits/ Daysair goes into the tragic mask. Herak emerges from it.
TRAX in antithesis to Antig/ and other Soph/ plays in that no one has any evil intentions, no bad feeling, vendetta or whatso. All of 'em trying to be nice/ but the tragedy moves on just the same.
Daysair, Queen and woman/ top of all greek descriptive writing in the Nurse's description of her before the suicide. HERAK/ tough guy who is also a God.
Dont bother with words or linguistic constructions/ the people are alive/ the speech is clear and natural.
Various people fussing about colloquialism. What one wants is what a Jap Daysair, or Hyllos or messenger would say, under the circs/ not a copy of english grammar/
In the sung parts, be as classic as you like/ drag in phrases from Noh itself if they fit and intensify the situation. (I dont recall any in particular, but there might be some or some that wd/ recall great Noh lines. )
reading in N. Y. with cello and kettle drum ace/ the Xoroi. (sd. to hv. gone well. ) B. B. C. transmitting it on or about Apr/ 25. 1 dont spose Tokyo gets London 3rd/ program.
Ito to do anything he likes, ko GUN fun-TOooo. (He will be sorry to hear that Dulac is dead if he hasn't heard it already. )
(Slow mail) D. P. sending two Hud/ in case P. M. dont step on the gas at once. You can ask me re/ partic/ passages, naturally.
The Venus is practically naked behind that gauze curtain/ 1 dont know quite how naked a jap goddess can be in apparition/ at any rate from the crotch up. She aint eggzakly a Kuanon/ but the willow bough cd/ be brought in definitely, she cd/ hold one. Goacher who is doing the Hyllos for BBC/ has sent on some prize
? NOTES 237
bestialities in other translations. They dont even understand that LAMPRA. after that phrase Herak who has been cursing D/ for a bitch never utters a
reproach, that is like the transformation in Noh.
Do they, or do you know that the last message I got thru into U. S. press (1940)
was: We shd/ give Guam to the Japs, but iNsist on having 300 sound films of Noh in exchange. (And how damn much better that wd/ have been. ) Don't lie down on the fight to get sound films of actual Noh. some bloody foundation/ bastids pouring out millions for scholastic fugg.
even "grammar" dont matter if the speech is alive/ it can be ungrammatical if it is the way people speak/ the way a Queen, or a hobo, speaks now in Japan. Day/ is an aristo/
and also sensitive, very delicately. The Hyllos the next role in so far as it requires understanding presentation. That is why I am so glad to have got Goacher for it. They say their BBC Herak/ is a colossus who can roar. The nurse narrates so that is less difficult/
but Ito might do a choric dance, combine a choric movement to occur silently while she is describing the suicide, in fact, all the intelligence they have got can be turned on/ and let 'em ENJoy themselves.
One misprint in Hud/ put there in print shoppe after proofs were corrected/ i. e. read Nemean not Newman herdsman.
ALZo/ p. 511, enter Nurse.
Better she also enter in a tragic mask (small mask, quite different
from Daysair's).
The Minoru will understand difference.
130
seaJ character:The"sealtext"oftheConfucianOdeswastohavebeenpublishedby Harvard University Press but never appeared.
Vanni: Vanni Scheiwiller, publisher of AlJ'Jnsegna del Pesce d'Oro editions (Milan); Pound's Italian publisher,
german and italian versions of TRAXINlAl: Translated by Eva Hesse [D31] and Margherita Guidacci [D68], respectively. German version was performed in Berlin (1959) and Darmstadt (1960).
projected edition of the Odes: The Harvard University Press de luxe edition was to have included "sound graphs" alongside the seal text.
ScarfogJio: Carlo Scarfoglio, an Italian writer (son of Matilde Serso, one of Italy's leading journalists) who translated the Confucian Odes into Italian [D81b].
131
BroJetto: edited by Carlo Peroni and published in Como.
Beauson Tseng: Beauson Tseng ( ^ ij^ ^ ) [Tseng Yiieh-nung], author of Cul-
? 238 NOTES
turaJ Relations between China and the West (1968). Tcheu'slament:lamentofCh'iiYuan( J^'^).
Kripalani: Krishna Kripalani, translator of Rabindranath Tagore's Chokher Bali and
other writings.
Warsaw cellarage: Polish trans, by J. Niemojowski, privately circulated (1959). the charming member of your other profession: the Italian dentist, Bacigalupo. d'antan: of the past.
Oberti, Cariega: editors of Ana Eccetera, a literary magazine published in Genoa. Boris: Boris de Rachewiltz, Italian Egyptologist and Pound's son-in-law.
Mary's Kagekiyo: Mary de Rachewiltz translated Pound's "Introduction" to 'Noh' or
Accomphshment along with the play "Kagekiyo" from Certain Noble PJays of Japan, published by Vanni Scheiwiller in 1954 as Introduzione ai No [D60]; the play was reprinted in 1956 in Leo Magnino's Teatro giapponese [091).
132
Di Riflesso: published by Vanni Scheiwiller.
visually I can see: Kitasono was an innovator and enthusiast of "concrete poetry. "
133
the Japanese translation of your poems: Ryozo Iwasaki, tr. , Ezra Pound: Selected Poems (Tokyo: Arechi Shuppan, 1956).
Homyoin, Enjoji Temple: H6my6-in ( y"^ Q^ 1*^) ^^ ^^ ^^^ northern precinct of Onj6-ji ( (^ l'^'^ )' commonly called Enj6-ji, more popularly known as
Miidera{ ^A^
Laurence Binyon: Robert Laurence Binyon (1869-1943), British poet and art histor-
ian; for many years an official in the British Museum in London. He was a friend of Pound's and visited Japan in 1929. Author of Japanese Art (1909), Art of Asia (1916), The Spirit of Man in Asian Art (1936) and Art o/ the Far East (1936), etc.
VaJe. ': Be in good health, farewell.
Junzaburo Nishiwaki: (1896-? ) Japanese poet and scholar; wrote introduction to
Ryozo Iwasaki's translation of Pound's "Mauberley. " His poem "January in Kyoto" was translated into Italian by Mary de Rachewiltz and published in 1959 by Vanni Scheiwiller; it also appeared in Edge 5.
134
Edge: Australian literary magazine founded by Noel Stock in October 1956, to which Pound was a frequent anonymous contributor. Pound's "Five French Poems" appeared in the first issue.
ZieJinski: Thaddeus Zielinski, Polish professor of Greek; author of La SibyJJe, Trois Essais sur la Religion Antique et le Christianisme (Paris: Redier, 1924). Edge 2 was entirely composed of a translation of this work into English as "The Sibyl. "
W. L. : Wyndham Lewis. D. P. : Dorothy Pound.
).
? NOTES 239
La MartinelU: a booklet published by Vanni Scheiwiller in 1956. It contains repro- ductions of paintings by Sheri MartinelU, an American painter and "disciple" of Pound at St. Elizabeths, with an introduction by Pound.
Ford: Ford Madox Ford.
Amarai: Jose V^squez Amaral's translation of The Pisan Cantos into Spanish was
published in 1956: Los Canfares de Pisa [D219J.
Eva: Eva Hesse's translation of The Pisan Cantos into German was published also in
1956: Die Pisaner Gesdnge [D28]; she also translated a selection of Pound's poetry and prose, Dichtung und Prosa (1953), which was reissued in paperback in 1956 (D26].
TRAXINIAIin London: First English publication in book form of Pound's Women of Trachis appeared on November 30, 1956, published by Neville Spearman [A72]; the play had already been published, however, in the Winter 1953/4 issue of Hudson Review, vol. vi, no. 4, ed. F. Morgan. The English edition bears the dedication by Pound: "A version for Kitasono Katue, hoping he will use it on my dear old friend Miscio Ito, or take it to the Minoru if they can be persuaded to add to their repertoire. " The addenda include remarks by Denis Goacher, Peter Whigham, S. V. Jankowski and Ricardo M. degli Uberti.
Academia Bulletin: a Pound-instigated leaflet edited by David Gordon, a frequent visitor to St. Elizabeths. Uberti's essay ("Why Pound Liked Italy") appeared in the first issue (1956); see Paideuma, vol. 3, no. 3.
Verkehr: communication.
Lorenzatos: Zesimos Lorenzatos, translator of Cathay into Greek as Katah
Metaphrasoon apo to Aggliko (1950) [D51]. Pivot: see [B53] and [B55].
cordialie saluti: cordial greetings.
135
causerie: banter.
Nimbus: ed. T. Hull and D. Wright; vol. Ill, no. 4 (Winter 1956) [London]. omnes eodem cogimur: "we are all urged toward the same. "
translate it into Japanese: see note to letter 129.
Norman Douglas: British author and long-time resident in Italy; author of South
Wind, etc.
John Espey: author of Ezra Pound's Mauberley: A Study in Composition (1955). Friar: Kimon Friar.
Brinnin: John Malcolm Brinnin (? ).
Legge: James Legge, 19th century British Sinologist; translator of the Li Chi. etc.
T'ao Yuan-ming: ( f^ \^^ Sj^ ) [To Emmei, in Japanese] (365-427), a Chinese poet.
136 "d^rocher": "to cleanse metals with acid. "
? 240 NOTES
Noel Stock: editor of Australian literary magazine Edge.
prebebde: indication of rhyme scheme (? ), or of divinity degree (? ).
Kojiro Yoshikawa: ( ^>>'\ "^-"^^^P ) [1904-80], a Japanese scholar of Chinese
literature, for many years professor at Kyoto University. Among his books is The East in the West (Tokyo: Bungei Shunju, 1955), which contains a reproduction of a painting by Sheri Martinelli and an essay on his visit to Pound at St. Elizabeths in Washington, D. C.
h. de compos; Haroldo and Augusto de Campos, poets; translated the Cantos into Portuguese [Cantares, Sao Paulo, 1960).
Eva Hesse O'Donnell: Pound's German translator; editor of New Approaches to Ezra Pound (London: Faber 1969).
Garcia Terres: Jaime Garcia Terres, Mexican translator of Pound's poems into Spanish.
Chiang: Chiang Kai-shek,
/o Bard: Joseph Bard, editor of El Dinamismo de una Nueva Poesia (Puerto de la
Cruz: Instituto de Estudios Hispanicos, 1957) and novelist; Pound had met him in Rapallo in 1928.
137
parcel: see [D60], [B46], [D 59], [D61] and [A68].
etiam atque-etiam vaJe: "further and even further may you be well. "
Nippon: Japan.
138
140
Cole Rice: Karel Vaclav Rais (1859-1927), a Czechoslovakian poet and novelist. Elmer Rice is an American novelist and playwright.
Fletcher's widow: Mrs. John Gould Fletcher, wife of the American poet whom Pound knew during the years of the Imagist movement in London.
Hagoromo: a No play.
Kiogen: Kyogen, a comic interlude set between No plays.
146
grandson of Leo Frobenius: Sebastian Frobenius; the story appears in AJto Adige (December 7, 1958), the day following the visit.
my daughter works on Junzaburo's poems; Mary de Rachewiltz was translating "January in Kyoto" into Italian.
Dei PeJo Pardi: Giulio Del Pelo Pardi, classical scholar, agrarian archaeologist and inventor of a system of soil conservation and shallow ploughing.
148
Okada: Tomoji Okada (1880-1965), former director, London Branch, Yamanaka
? NOTES 241
and Co.
to honour E. F. in manner stated: Pound had written of Fenollosa in the "Introduc-
tion" to the translation of No plays: "When he died suddenly in England the Japanese government sent a warship for his body, and the priests buried him within the sacred enclosure at Miidera. "
your in/ormation: Tomoji Okada, under the direction of Kichirobe Yamanaka of Yamanaka and Co. , had the remains of Fenollosa which had already been buried at Highgate Cemetery, London cremated in 1909; Okada then asked Yasotaro Kato, an art dealer, who was on his way to Japan through the Siberian Railroad, to take the ashes to Japan and lay them to rest at Miidera, the temple in Otsu where Fenollosa had studied Buddhism and which he had especially loved. See Toku- taro Shigehisa, "Fenollosa's Ashes and Japan," Comparative Literature (Tokyo), vol. 2 (1959); and "A Letter of Ezra Pound," FenoJJosa Society of Japan NewsJet- ter, no. 5 (1982).
vol/ on Art: E. F. Fenollosa's Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art, published by William Heinemann in 1912.
NOTES TO ESSAYS
1
Dowland: John Dowland, (c. 1567-1626), English lutenist and composer. Ogden: Charles Kay Ogden (1889-1957), author of books on "basic English," in- cluding The ABC of Basic English (1932), Basic English (1933), The Basic
Dictionary (1939) and Basic by Picture Stamps (1941).
2
the magnificent "Runner": see Leo Frobenius, Prehistoric Rock Pictures (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1937).
totalitarian: see "Totalitarian," Guide to KuJchur.
Anschauung: "outlook. "
P. Bottonne: Phyllis Bottome (1884-1963), English novelist; author of Private
Worlds (1934), The Moral Storm (1937), etc.
Active AnthoJogy: [B32].
/. F. C. FuJJer: John Frederick Charles Fuller (1878-1966), Major General (1930);
author of War and Western Civilization, 1832-1932 (1932); Armaments and
History (1945); The Second World War (1949), etc. Sickert: Walter Sickert (1860-1942), English painter.
3
jE^/h "thecleardefinitionofterms"
%^
Arrow Editions: New York publisher of The Chinese Written Character as a
: "sincerity" Funa-Benkai: a No play.
? 242 NOTES
Medium /or Poetry [B36b].
Shige/usa Hosho: [ ^. ^%^ ) [1900-1974], Head Master of the Hosho
^
School of No.
Michitar6Shidehara. (*W^jJ;;Ss|[p) son of Premier KijuroShidehara (1903-
);
studied in the U. S. and worked for Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai. Translator of the No program specially arranged for the delegates to the seventh conference of the World Federationof Education Associations held in Tokyo in 1937; the No plays were performed by Shigefusa Hosho's troupe and were accompanied by an exhibition of No costumes and masks; see essay 3.
4
David Nixon: violinist; see M. de Rachewiltz, Discretions.
an abortive VivaJdi society: its establishment in Venice was attempted by Giorgio Levi.
Count Chigi: Count Guido Chigi Sarracini, patron of the Sienese Accademia Musi- caJe and sponsor of the Vivaldi Week; see Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
CohheiV. Walter Wilson Cobbett (1847-1937), English violinist, businessman and patron of music.
Goldoni: Carlo Goldoni (1707-93), Italian playwright, author of the libretto for Mozart's La Finta Giardiniera and other operas.
Frazzi; Vito Frazzi (1888- ), Italian composer who taught composition at the Conservatory of Florence, and later at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena; see Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
VirgiJio Mortari: (1902- ), Italian pianist, music critic, and composer; educated at the Milan Conservatory; associated with the Vivaldi Week of the Siena Festi- val since 1939. Among his works are: "La Figlia del Diavolo" (opera, 1954), and La Tecnica deJJ' Orchestra Contemporanea (1950), etc.
S. A. Luciani: Sebastiano Arturo Luciani (1884-1950). Italian musicologist, associ- ated with the Siena Accademia Chigiana. Olga Rudge and he founded the Centro di Studi Vivaldiani; edited, along with Olga Rudge, Antonio VivaJdi: note e documenti sulla vita e sulle opere (1939); see Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
Vincenzo GaliJei: (c. 1533-1591), Italian composer, viol player, and singer; father of Galileo Galilei; composer of MadrigaJi Monodiche (1585) and lute pieces, among others.
GiuJio Caccini: (1558-1615), Italian singer and composer at the Medici court in Florence; composer of the opera Euridice (1600). Both Galilei and Caccini were members of the Camerata Bardi, a group of musicians and literati who attempted to revive ancient Greek music and drama in the new form of opera.
ViJlon: Le Testament [E3h]. Cavalcanti: [E3a].
Sordello: [E3a].
? NOTES 243
Antheil: George Antheil (1900-1959), American pianist and composer; accom- panied violinist Olga Rudge in numerous Paris performances of Pound's music; helped Pound edit Le Testament; see Pound's Antheil and the Treatise on Harmony [A25] and Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
Tibor Serly: (1900-1978), Hungarian-American composer and violist; studied with Kod^ly; friend of Bela Bartok, whose music he brought to Pound's attention; composer of a symphony, a viola concerto, orchestral works, songs, etc. ; his music was performed several times during the Rapallo concerts, and he per- formed at one himself (March 3, 1935). Serly "amplified" Pound's violin sonata "by extensions"; see Charles Norman, Ezra Pound, pp. 282-3, and Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
Ritterschaft and Bushido: chivalry in German and in Japanese.
^^: "kunshi"inJapanese("chiintsu"inChinese);theConfucianidealofman:
"a true gentleman. " LinYutang. LinYu-tang( li^J^ I'd"^) [1895-
]. Chineselinguistandnovelist; his Moment in Peking ( j^ $ %^ g ) [1939] was on the best seller list in
America.
Francesco Fiorentino: (1834-84), author of Storia della Filosofia, Scritti Varii di
Letteratura, Filosofia e Critica (1876) and II Risorgimento Filosofico neJ Quat-
trocento (1885); see "The New Learning: Part One," Guide to KuJchur.
St. Ambrogio and St. Antonino: St. Ambrose (340-397), bishop of Milan; St. An-
tonino da Firenze (1389-1459).
Motoichiro Oguimi: (1845-1941), Japanese Christian minister and educator; com-
piler of The New Testament Greek-Japanese Dictionary, published by Kyobun-
kan, Tokyo, in 1940.
John Scotus: Joannes Scotus Erigena (c. 810-c. 877), Irish Neoplatonic philosopher;
author of On the Division of Nature.
Grosseteste: Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175-1253), English theologian and astronomer. AJbertus: Albertus Magnus (1206-1280), scholastic philosopher with wide and
accurate knowledge of physical sciences of his time.
Nichomachean Ethics: see "And Therefore Tending," Guide to KuJchur.
Pilhaou-Thibaou: [C623 & C623a], "supplement ilJustre" to 391 , butions by Pound, Picabia, Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie.
containing contri-
Active Anthology: [B32].
Hood: Thomas Hood (1799-1845), English poet.
Lanier: Sidney Lanier (1842-1881), American poet.
Firdusi: Firdausi (c. 920-c.
School. Fenollosa took lessons from him.
Mushakoji: Saneatsu Mushakoji ( ^ /? yU ^% % K, ) [1885-1976], a Japanese
novelist and painter,
y. Yashiro:YukioYashiro( -^V^"^^g. ), authorofSandraBotticelli(London
and Boston: The Medici Society, 1925), 3 vols. (Only 630 copies were printed. ) Neue SachJichkeit; movement of self-proclaimed "sober objectivity. "
Frazier; Senator L. J. Frazier (Republican) of North Dakota. Pound corresponded with Frazier in 1936 about the possibility of compiling a "real text book" for the study of American history in the schools.
VoJpi; Giuseppe Volpi, Count di Misurata (1877-1947), Italian Minister of Finance (1925-29); translated The History of Fascism. He appears in Cantos 76/39, 80/87.
? 232
NOTES
105
y. Noguchi; Japanese poet and expert on wood-block prints [Ukiyo-e]; see letter 1. "the jew is underneath the lot": T. S. Eliot, "Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein
withaCigar,"1. 23.
Reese: Holroyd Reese, founder of Albatross Books (Hamburg-Paris-Bologna) and
purchaser of Tauchnitz Editions.
Bibliotecario: librarian.
Bernie Pshaw: George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950); saw Michio Ito dance at a
gathering at Lady Ottoline Morrell's home in 1918. 106
Maupassant: Guy de Maupassant. CaJdweJJ; Erskine Caldwell.
107
Gerhart Munch: German pianist, who along with Olga Rudge, violinist, "formed the nucleus of the Rapallo concerts. " The Amici del Tigullio sponsored the concerts. See R. Murray Schafer, Ezra Pound and Music (New York: New Directions, 1977), p. 322, and Canto 75.
108
/anequin: Clement Janequin (1472/75-1559/60), French musician; see Cantos 75 and 79.
San PantaJeo: a small church on the hillside of Sant'Ambrogio.
videt et urbes: "and he looks at the towns. "
Politico Economico-Sociale in Italia: Italy's Policy of Social Economics 1939/1940
[A49].
109
'>
Matsuoka: Yosuke Matsuoka ( ;fl; (S] i^j^;& ) [1880-1946], was appointed For- eign Minister of Japan in 1940, and concluded the Japan-Germany-Italy Tripar- tite Pact.
Guam: an island in the South-west Pacific; soon to become the scene of a bloody battle in World War II.
U. P. : United Press.
put it on the air: see "March Arrivals" (1941) in Ezra Pound Speaking.
110
Nott edtn/: [B36].
"Buona Pasqua": "Happy Easter. "
^^ -^4^^
HoshuSaitoandGadoOno:[
raphers who taught calligraphy in Japanese universities around the turn of the century.
), ( yj^ff' K|'|1 )- Japanese callig-
? NOTES 233
"hichbhow": The Fountain of the Highbrow, selected essays by Katue Kitasono. Mr. Eliot converting the Archbish. of York: (? ) reference to T. S. Eliot's broadcast in
the spring of 1941, "Towards a Christian Britain. "
113
Studio IntegraJe: Italian translation of Confucius' Ta Hsiieh (Ta S'eu; Ta Hio; Daigaku) by Ezra Pound and Alberto Luchini, published in 1942 [B461. Each page had the Chinese text with the Italian version below.
Mao's comment: Mao Shih Cheng Chien, a Confucian anthology of poetry edited with commentary by Mao.
S. Int. on the better paper: Some copies of the Studio Integrole were printed on a "better," thicker, and watermarked paper,
married: Mary Pound married Boris de Rachewiltz; their son is Siegfried Walter de Rachewiltz.
114
Loo, Mao: Probably Lao-tzu (the "originator" of Taoism) and Mao Shih Cheng Chien, but it is hard to guess the "interesting plan"; see Kitasono's letter to Dorothy Pound, 15 December 1948.
Je mange, done je suis: "I eat, therefore I am. " A parody of Descartes' dictum, ")e pense, done je suis" ("I think, therefore I am"). Shortage of food was extremely serious in Japan during the post-World War II period. [One form of Pound's stationery had also borne the motto: "j'aime, done je suis" ("I love, therefore I am")).
115
G. H. Q. : General Headquarters (of the Occupation Troops in Japan). D. D. Paige: editor of The Letters of Ezra Pound, 1907-1941 [A64].
116
The Rape of Lucretia: libretto by Ronald Duncan for music by Benjamin Britten, who was later to compose a group of No-inspired operas.
117
a charming duck: probably alluding to the phoenix myth and to the story of "The Ugly Duckling. " "Cendre" means ashes, cinders.
118
Four Pages: a little magazine published by Dallam Flynn, a member of Pound's circle at St. Elizabeths; see Eustace Mullins, This Difficuh Individual, p. 314. Sokolsky: George Ephraim Sokolsky (1893-1962), American journalist. In his col- umn, "These Days," which appeared in the New York Sun and some 300 news- papers during the 1940s and early 1950s, he crusaded against what he thought to
? 234 NOTES
be the growing menace of Communism. He was one of the visitors of Pound in
Washington, D. C. ; see Mullins, p. 315.
Marcos Fingerit: Argentine poet; author of Antna, 22 Poemas Contemporaneos
(Buenos Aires, 1929); Cancionero Secreto (La Plata, 1937); Ardiente Signo, con una nota Liminar de ]ose Luis Sanchez-Tricado (La Plata, 1940).
119
Kumasaka: a No play; see The Classic Noh Theatre of Japan, Part IL
Chinese poems: The first two lines written in Chinese are from Po Le-t'ien. The longer poem, according to Yasuo Fujitomi, is the Chinese translation of Kitaso- no's poem, "Dishes," by a Chinese friend of Kitasono. The original Japanese
poem, "Dishes," may be translated into English:
For supper dishes are spread like tree leaves
Rape blossoms fresh gingers and starworts
Every day ephemeral and delightful
Sound of the dishes sorrowful and hard pierces my heart
They grow
a grass leaf
a cloud
And are filled with the potter's thought like a gust of wind.
Kenneth Rexroth: (1905-1982), American poet, essayist, and translator; among his works are One Hundred Poems from the Japanese (1955), and One Hundred More Poems from the Japanese (1976).
Manyo and Kokin Wakas: Japanese poems in the anthologies, ManydshU and Kokinshu; see notes to letter 68.
120
Mao Shih: Mao Shih Cheng Chien, Confucian anthology of poetry edited with commentary by Mao. See Ezra Pound's letter to Kitasono, 21 October 1937; and Dorothy Pound's letter to Kitasono, 4 May 1947.
122
Thomas Cole: see Kitasono's next letter to Dorothy Pound. Cole's "Conversation with Ezra Pound," however, is not printed in VOU 35. Instead, his poem "Toward Winter Journey" translated into Japanese by Kitasono is printed in VOU 34, published 1 January 1950.
? NOTES 235
123
stiJis; cinema photographs (frames). Prof. HisatomiMitsugi:MitsugiHisatomi(1908- ) wastopublishFenoUosa:A
Record of a Man Who Devoted Himself to Japanese Art (Tokyo: Risosha, 1957). Kayoikonnachi: a No play. A woman, who daily gathers and brings nuts and fire- wood to a priest in ascetic practice at Yase, turns out to be the ghost of Ono no Komachi, a Heian poetess. The priest prays for her and her lover, Fukakusa no Shosho. They receive Buddhist commandments. Confirmed, they are saved from
the agonies of hell.
Kocho: a No play by Kanze Nobumitsu. A priest from Yoshino watches a plum tree
in Kyoto. A woman appears, talks of the Chuang-tzu, and disappears. The priest chants a Buddhist script. The woman reappears in the form of a butterfly, enlightened, dances and disappears. Chuang-tzu is said to be written by Chuang- chou, or Soshu in Japanese. Cf. Pound's poem, "Ancient Wisdom, Rather Cosm- ic": "So-shu dreamed . . . a butterfly. "
125
Yasutaka Fumoto: (1907- ), a Japanese Sinologist, who taught at The Third High School, The First High School, Tokyo University, and other universities; author of The Development of Confucian Studies in the North Sung Dynasty (1961), and other books on Chinese history of thought.
Pro/. Goto Sueo: Sueo Goto (1886-1967), a Japanese Sinologist, and professor at Keio University; among his books are CuJturaJ Currents between East and West, and Literature and Science.
126
"The Garret" . . . : These poems are translated and published in VOU 35 (1951), pp. 15-16.
127
Veda Tamotsu: Tamotsu Ueda (1906-73), professor of English at Keio University. His translations of How to Read and some short poems by Pound were published as Sekai Bungaku no Yomikata (Tokyo: Hobunkan, 1953). He is also the trans- lator of Selected Poems of T. S. Eliot (1973). His miscellaneous works were collected and published posthumously as Collected Works of Tamotsu Ueda (1975).
129
Michael Reck: a disciple of Pound's St. Elizabeths years who travelled to Japan; Pound provided introductions to Michio Ito and Katue Kitasono, as well as to Yasuo Fujitomi (translator of e. e. cummings) with whom Reck attempted a Japanesetranslationof Pound's Women of Trachis (Traxiniai). Reck is the author of Ezra Pound: A Close-Up (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967); see Appendix 3.
? 236 NOTES
In a letter of March 12, 1954, Pound wrote to Reck the following remarks on how to go about rendering a Japanese version of the TRAXINIAI:
RK/ re TRAX/
dont bother about the words, translate the meaning, in the spoken parts/dialog, this should be clear, and be what the speaker would say if getting over the meaning in Japanese now.
in the XOROI, go for the feeling. The two kinds of language are quite different/ in the first real people are speaking/
saying what carries forward the action/ in the XOROI they are singing (except the few lines marked "spoken")/
Ito cd/ do some fine choreography for the Analolu/ xoros.
The troops have come home/ whoops, there is no need for more than one voice, most of the time/ (others repeat contrapunto, one voice C<< a time. However No-like &-for as Jong as they like. ) a lot of voices might blurr the words. The greek will do you no good, unless the jap chorus could get closer to the greek rhythm, than in working from the english/ but it is not the least necessary to copy either/
it is a case of getting the equivalent feeling. The form of the play is magnif/ everything fits/ Daysair goes into the tragic mask. Herak emerges from it.
TRAX in antithesis to Antig/ and other Soph/ plays in that no one has any evil intentions, no bad feeling, vendetta or whatso. All of 'em trying to be nice/ but the tragedy moves on just the same.
Daysair, Queen and woman/ top of all greek descriptive writing in the Nurse's description of her before the suicide. HERAK/ tough guy who is also a God.
Dont bother with words or linguistic constructions/ the people are alive/ the speech is clear and natural.
Various people fussing about colloquialism. What one wants is what a Jap Daysair, or Hyllos or messenger would say, under the circs/ not a copy of english grammar/
In the sung parts, be as classic as you like/ drag in phrases from Noh itself if they fit and intensify the situation. (I dont recall any in particular, but there might be some or some that wd/ recall great Noh lines. )
reading in N. Y. with cello and kettle drum ace/ the Xoroi. (sd. to hv. gone well. ) B. B. C. transmitting it on or about Apr/ 25. 1 dont spose Tokyo gets London 3rd/ program.
Ito to do anything he likes, ko GUN fun-TOooo. (He will be sorry to hear that Dulac is dead if he hasn't heard it already. )
(Slow mail) D. P. sending two Hud/ in case P. M. dont step on the gas at once. You can ask me re/ partic/ passages, naturally.
The Venus is practically naked behind that gauze curtain/ 1 dont know quite how naked a jap goddess can be in apparition/ at any rate from the crotch up. She aint eggzakly a Kuanon/ but the willow bough cd/ be brought in definitely, she cd/ hold one. Goacher who is doing the Hyllos for BBC/ has sent on some prize
? NOTES 237
bestialities in other translations. They dont even understand that LAMPRA. after that phrase Herak who has been cursing D/ for a bitch never utters a
reproach, that is like the transformation in Noh.
Do they, or do you know that the last message I got thru into U. S. press (1940)
was: We shd/ give Guam to the Japs, but iNsist on having 300 sound films of Noh in exchange. (And how damn much better that wd/ have been. ) Don't lie down on the fight to get sound films of actual Noh. some bloody foundation/ bastids pouring out millions for scholastic fugg.
even "grammar" dont matter if the speech is alive/ it can be ungrammatical if it is the way people speak/ the way a Queen, or a hobo, speaks now in Japan. Day/ is an aristo/
and also sensitive, very delicately. The Hyllos the next role in so far as it requires understanding presentation. That is why I am so glad to have got Goacher for it. They say their BBC Herak/ is a colossus who can roar. The nurse narrates so that is less difficult/
but Ito might do a choric dance, combine a choric movement to occur silently while she is describing the suicide, in fact, all the intelligence they have got can be turned on/ and let 'em ENJoy themselves.
One misprint in Hud/ put there in print shoppe after proofs were corrected/ i. e. read Nemean not Newman herdsman.
ALZo/ p. 511, enter Nurse.
Better she also enter in a tragic mask (small mask, quite different
from Daysair's).
The Minoru will understand difference.
130
seaJ character:The"sealtext"oftheConfucianOdeswastohavebeenpublishedby Harvard University Press but never appeared.
Vanni: Vanni Scheiwiller, publisher of AlJ'Jnsegna del Pesce d'Oro editions (Milan); Pound's Italian publisher,
german and italian versions of TRAXINlAl: Translated by Eva Hesse [D31] and Margherita Guidacci [D68], respectively. German version was performed in Berlin (1959) and Darmstadt (1960).
projected edition of the Odes: The Harvard University Press de luxe edition was to have included "sound graphs" alongside the seal text.
ScarfogJio: Carlo Scarfoglio, an Italian writer (son of Matilde Serso, one of Italy's leading journalists) who translated the Confucian Odes into Italian [D81b].
131
BroJetto: edited by Carlo Peroni and published in Como.
Beauson Tseng: Beauson Tseng ( ^ ij^ ^ ) [Tseng Yiieh-nung], author of Cul-
? 238 NOTES
turaJ Relations between China and the West (1968). Tcheu'slament:lamentofCh'iiYuan( J^'^).
Kripalani: Krishna Kripalani, translator of Rabindranath Tagore's Chokher Bali and
other writings.
Warsaw cellarage: Polish trans, by J. Niemojowski, privately circulated (1959). the charming member of your other profession: the Italian dentist, Bacigalupo. d'antan: of the past.
Oberti, Cariega: editors of Ana Eccetera, a literary magazine published in Genoa. Boris: Boris de Rachewiltz, Italian Egyptologist and Pound's son-in-law.
Mary's Kagekiyo: Mary de Rachewiltz translated Pound's "Introduction" to 'Noh' or
Accomphshment along with the play "Kagekiyo" from Certain Noble PJays of Japan, published by Vanni Scheiwiller in 1954 as Introduzione ai No [D60]; the play was reprinted in 1956 in Leo Magnino's Teatro giapponese [091).
132
Di Riflesso: published by Vanni Scheiwiller.
visually I can see: Kitasono was an innovator and enthusiast of "concrete poetry. "
133
the Japanese translation of your poems: Ryozo Iwasaki, tr. , Ezra Pound: Selected Poems (Tokyo: Arechi Shuppan, 1956).
Homyoin, Enjoji Temple: H6my6-in ( y"^ Q^ 1*^) ^^ ^^ ^^^ northern precinct of Onj6-ji ( (^ l'^'^ )' commonly called Enj6-ji, more popularly known as
Miidera{ ^A^
Laurence Binyon: Robert Laurence Binyon (1869-1943), British poet and art histor-
ian; for many years an official in the British Museum in London. He was a friend of Pound's and visited Japan in 1929. Author of Japanese Art (1909), Art of Asia (1916), The Spirit of Man in Asian Art (1936) and Art o/ the Far East (1936), etc.
VaJe. ': Be in good health, farewell.
Junzaburo Nishiwaki: (1896-? ) Japanese poet and scholar; wrote introduction to
Ryozo Iwasaki's translation of Pound's "Mauberley. " His poem "January in Kyoto" was translated into Italian by Mary de Rachewiltz and published in 1959 by Vanni Scheiwiller; it also appeared in Edge 5.
134
Edge: Australian literary magazine founded by Noel Stock in October 1956, to which Pound was a frequent anonymous contributor. Pound's "Five French Poems" appeared in the first issue.
ZieJinski: Thaddeus Zielinski, Polish professor of Greek; author of La SibyJJe, Trois Essais sur la Religion Antique et le Christianisme (Paris: Redier, 1924). Edge 2 was entirely composed of a translation of this work into English as "The Sibyl. "
W. L. : Wyndham Lewis. D. P. : Dorothy Pound.
).
? NOTES 239
La MartinelU: a booklet published by Vanni Scheiwiller in 1956. It contains repro- ductions of paintings by Sheri MartinelU, an American painter and "disciple" of Pound at St. Elizabeths, with an introduction by Pound.
Ford: Ford Madox Ford.
Amarai: Jose V^squez Amaral's translation of The Pisan Cantos into Spanish was
published in 1956: Los Canfares de Pisa [D219J.
Eva: Eva Hesse's translation of The Pisan Cantos into German was published also in
1956: Die Pisaner Gesdnge [D28]; she also translated a selection of Pound's poetry and prose, Dichtung und Prosa (1953), which was reissued in paperback in 1956 (D26].
TRAXINIAIin London: First English publication in book form of Pound's Women of Trachis appeared on November 30, 1956, published by Neville Spearman [A72]; the play had already been published, however, in the Winter 1953/4 issue of Hudson Review, vol. vi, no. 4, ed. F. Morgan. The English edition bears the dedication by Pound: "A version for Kitasono Katue, hoping he will use it on my dear old friend Miscio Ito, or take it to the Minoru if they can be persuaded to add to their repertoire. " The addenda include remarks by Denis Goacher, Peter Whigham, S. V. Jankowski and Ricardo M. degli Uberti.
Academia Bulletin: a Pound-instigated leaflet edited by David Gordon, a frequent visitor to St. Elizabeths. Uberti's essay ("Why Pound Liked Italy") appeared in the first issue (1956); see Paideuma, vol. 3, no. 3.
Verkehr: communication.
Lorenzatos: Zesimos Lorenzatos, translator of Cathay into Greek as Katah
Metaphrasoon apo to Aggliko (1950) [D51]. Pivot: see [B53] and [B55].
cordialie saluti: cordial greetings.
135
causerie: banter.
Nimbus: ed. T. Hull and D. Wright; vol. Ill, no. 4 (Winter 1956) [London]. omnes eodem cogimur: "we are all urged toward the same. "
translate it into Japanese: see note to letter 129.
Norman Douglas: British author and long-time resident in Italy; author of South
Wind, etc.
John Espey: author of Ezra Pound's Mauberley: A Study in Composition (1955). Friar: Kimon Friar.
Brinnin: John Malcolm Brinnin (? ).
Legge: James Legge, 19th century British Sinologist; translator of the Li Chi. etc.
T'ao Yuan-ming: ( f^ \^^ Sj^ ) [To Emmei, in Japanese] (365-427), a Chinese poet.
136 "d^rocher": "to cleanse metals with acid. "
? 240 NOTES
Noel Stock: editor of Australian literary magazine Edge.
prebebde: indication of rhyme scheme (? ), or of divinity degree (? ).
Kojiro Yoshikawa: ( ^>>'\ "^-"^^^P ) [1904-80], a Japanese scholar of Chinese
literature, for many years professor at Kyoto University. Among his books is The East in the West (Tokyo: Bungei Shunju, 1955), which contains a reproduction of a painting by Sheri Martinelli and an essay on his visit to Pound at St. Elizabeths in Washington, D. C.
h. de compos; Haroldo and Augusto de Campos, poets; translated the Cantos into Portuguese [Cantares, Sao Paulo, 1960).
Eva Hesse O'Donnell: Pound's German translator; editor of New Approaches to Ezra Pound (London: Faber 1969).
Garcia Terres: Jaime Garcia Terres, Mexican translator of Pound's poems into Spanish.
Chiang: Chiang Kai-shek,
/o Bard: Joseph Bard, editor of El Dinamismo de una Nueva Poesia (Puerto de la
Cruz: Instituto de Estudios Hispanicos, 1957) and novelist; Pound had met him in Rapallo in 1928.
137
parcel: see [D60], [B46], [D 59], [D61] and [A68].
etiam atque-etiam vaJe: "further and even further may you be well. "
Nippon: Japan.
138
140
Cole Rice: Karel Vaclav Rais (1859-1927), a Czechoslovakian poet and novelist. Elmer Rice is an American novelist and playwright.
Fletcher's widow: Mrs. John Gould Fletcher, wife of the American poet whom Pound knew during the years of the Imagist movement in London.
Hagoromo: a No play.
Kiogen: Kyogen, a comic interlude set between No plays.
146
grandson of Leo Frobenius: Sebastian Frobenius; the story appears in AJto Adige (December 7, 1958), the day following the visit.
my daughter works on Junzaburo's poems; Mary de Rachewiltz was translating "January in Kyoto" into Italian.
Dei PeJo Pardi: Giulio Del Pelo Pardi, classical scholar, agrarian archaeologist and inventor of a system of soil conservation and shallow ploughing.
148
Okada: Tomoji Okada (1880-1965), former director, London Branch, Yamanaka
? NOTES 241
and Co.
to honour E. F. in manner stated: Pound had written of Fenollosa in the "Introduc-
tion" to the translation of No plays: "When he died suddenly in England the Japanese government sent a warship for his body, and the priests buried him within the sacred enclosure at Miidera. "
your in/ormation: Tomoji Okada, under the direction of Kichirobe Yamanaka of Yamanaka and Co. , had the remains of Fenollosa which had already been buried at Highgate Cemetery, London cremated in 1909; Okada then asked Yasotaro Kato, an art dealer, who was on his way to Japan through the Siberian Railroad, to take the ashes to Japan and lay them to rest at Miidera, the temple in Otsu where Fenollosa had studied Buddhism and which he had especially loved. See Toku- taro Shigehisa, "Fenollosa's Ashes and Japan," Comparative Literature (Tokyo), vol. 2 (1959); and "A Letter of Ezra Pound," FenoJJosa Society of Japan NewsJet- ter, no. 5 (1982).
vol/ on Art: E. F. Fenollosa's Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art, published by William Heinemann in 1912.
NOTES TO ESSAYS
1
Dowland: John Dowland, (c. 1567-1626), English lutenist and composer. Ogden: Charles Kay Ogden (1889-1957), author of books on "basic English," in- cluding The ABC of Basic English (1932), Basic English (1933), The Basic
Dictionary (1939) and Basic by Picture Stamps (1941).
2
the magnificent "Runner": see Leo Frobenius, Prehistoric Rock Pictures (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1937).
totalitarian: see "Totalitarian," Guide to KuJchur.
Anschauung: "outlook. "
P. Bottonne: Phyllis Bottome (1884-1963), English novelist; author of Private
Worlds (1934), The Moral Storm (1937), etc.
Active AnthoJogy: [B32].
/. F. C. FuJJer: John Frederick Charles Fuller (1878-1966), Major General (1930);
author of War and Western Civilization, 1832-1932 (1932); Armaments and
History (1945); The Second World War (1949), etc. Sickert: Walter Sickert (1860-1942), English painter.
3
jE^/h "thecleardefinitionofterms"
%^
Arrow Editions: New York publisher of The Chinese Written Character as a
: "sincerity" Funa-Benkai: a No play.
? 242 NOTES
Medium /or Poetry [B36b].
Shige/usa Hosho: [ ^. ^%^ ) [1900-1974], Head Master of the Hosho
^
School of No.
Michitar6Shidehara. (*W^jJ;;Ss|[p) son of Premier KijuroShidehara (1903-
);
studied in the U. S. and worked for Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai. Translator of the No program specially arranged for the delegates to the seventh conference of the World Federationof Education Associations held in Tokyo in 1937; the No plays were performed by Shigefusa Hosho's troupe and were accompanied by an exhibition of No costumes and masks; see essay 3.
4
David Nixon: violinist; see M. de Rachewiltz, Discretions.
an abortive VivaJdi society: its establishment in Venice was attempted by Giorgio Levi.
Count Chigi: Count Guido Chigi Sarracini, patron of the Sienese Accademia Musi- caJe and sponsor of the Vivaldi Week; see Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
CohheiV. Walter Wilson Cobbett (1847-1937), English violinist, businessman and patron of music.
Goldoni: Carlo Goldoni (1707-93), Italian playwright, author of the libretto for Mozart's La Finta Giardiniera and other operas.
Frazzi; Vito Frazzi (1888- ), Italian composer who taught composition at the Conservatory of Florence, and later at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena; see Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
VirgiJio Mortari: (1902- ), Italian pianist, music critic, and composer; educated at the Milan Conservatory; associated with the Vivaldi Week of the Siena Festi- val since 1939. Among his works are: "La Figlia del Diavolo" (opera, 1954), and La Tecnica deJJ' Orchestra Contemporanea (1950), etc.
S. A. Luciani: Sebastiano Arturo Luciani (1884-1950). Italian musicologist, associ- ated with the Siena Accademia Chigiana. Olga Rudge and he founded the Centro di Studi Vivaldiani; edited, along with Olga Rudge, Antonio VivaJdi: note e documenti sulla vita e sulle opere (1939); see Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
Vincenzo GaliJei: (c. 1533-1591), Italian composer, viol player, and singer; father of Galileo Galilei; composer of MadrigaJi Monodiche (1585) and lute pieces, among others.
GiuJio Caccini: (1558-1615), Italian singer and composer at the Medici court in Florence; composer of the opera Euridice (1600). Both Galilei and Caccini were members of the Camerata Bardi, a group of musicians and literati who attempted to revive ancient Greek music and drama in the new form of opera.
ViJlon: Le Testament [E3h]. Cavalcanti: [E3a].
Sordello: [E3a].
? NOTES 243
Antheil: George Antheil (1900-1959), American pianist and composer; accom- panied violinist Olga Rudge in numerous Paris performances of Pound's music; helped Pound edit Le Testament; see Pound's Antheil and the Treatise on Harmony [A25] and Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
Tibor Serly: (1900-1978), Hungarian-American composer and violist; studied with Kod^ly; friend of Bela Bartok, whose music he brought to Pound's attention; composer of a symphony, a viola concerto, orchestral works, songs, etc. ; his music was performed several times during the Rapallo concerts, and he per- formed at one himself (March 3, 1935). Serly "amplified" Pound's violin sonata "by extensions"; see Charles Norman, Ezra Pound, pp. 282-3, and Murray Schafer, ed. , Ezra Pound and Music.
Ritterschaft and Bushido: chivalry in German and in Japanese.
^^: "kunshi"inJapanese("chiintsu"inChinese);theConfucianidealofman:
"a true gentleman. " LinYutang. LinYu-tang( li^J^ I'd"^) [1895-
]. Chineselinguistandnovelist; his Moment in Peking ( j^ $ %^ g ) [1939] was on the best seller list in
America.
Francesco Fiorentino: (1834-84), author of Storia della Filosofia, Scritti Varii di
Letteratura, Filosofia e Critica (1876) and II Risorgimento Filosofico neJ Quat-
trocento (1885); see "The New Learning: Part One," Guide to KuJchur.
St. Ambrogio and St. Antonino: St. Ambrose (340-397), bishop of Milan; St. An-
tonino da Firenze (1389-1459).
Motoichiro Oguimi: (1845-1941), Japanese Christian minister and educator; com-
piler of The New Testament Greek-Japanese Dictionary, published by Kyobun-
kan, Tokyo, in 1940.
John Scotus: Joannes Scotus Erigena (c. 810-c. 877), Irish Neoplatonic philosopher;
author of On the Division of Nature.
Grosseteste: Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175-1253), English theologian and astronomer. AJbertus: Albertus Magnus (1206-1280), scholastic philosopher with wide and
accurate knowledge of physical sciences of his time.
Nichomachean Ethics: see "And Therefore Tending," Guide to KuJchur.
Pilhaou-Thibaou: [C623 & C623a], "supplement ilJustre" to 391 , butions by Pound, Picabia, Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie.
containing contri-
Active Anthology: [B32].
Hood: Thomas Hood (1799-1845), English poet.
Lanier: Sidney Lanier (1842-1881), American poet.
Firdusi: Firdausi (c. 920-c.
