No More Learning

"And on this occasion it is the duty of every Christian to believe,
with Baronius, that the same calamities which happened in the World at
that time have happened also at another; and that as the assistance of
Christ alone preserved the Church in those times, so hath He afforded
the shield of defence to the Church, and will continue it to her in all the
like events and accidents of this world. So that (1 Pope was not necessary
to the existence of a Church, even though there should never more have been
a Pope. "
The following passage is in many points applicable to the Jesuits of
the present day.
"Yet our age, can boast of a production truly singular and original,
and inferior to nothing of the kind which has appeared in any age.
This is the institution of the Jesuits, who by a mixture of poverty
and abundance, conciliate to themselves the esteem and affection of the
world, rejecting with one hand what they receive, and possess as a
company and society with the other. For though their professed houses
are not capable by their institution of possessing immoveable estates,
yet their colleges are capable of acquiring and possessing. They say,
and certainly with reason, that no gover11ment simple and unmixed is
perfect, but that admixtures are found to have their conveniences on
all occasions. That the state of poverty embraced by the mendicants
hath this defect, that it is only adapted to such as are already well
advanced in the way to godliness, whose number therefore cannot be
very great. But for their parts, their designs in receiving youth into
their college is to instruct and, by an acquisition of all virtues, to fit
it for a life of evangelical poverty, so that poverty is indeed their
design and essential end, but they grow rich by accident. But the
facts we see are yet a stronger degree of evidence than the words we
hear. They write themselves that they have at present 21 professed
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? 248 NOTES
'?
houses, and 293 colleges. From this disproportion, every man may
conclude which is the essential part of their institutions, and which
the accidental. Upon the Whole it is not to be denied that they have
acquired vast riches, and that they are on the high road to increase
them. As all the temporalities which the church enjoyeth arose from
alms and oblations, so in the Old Testament the fabric of the sanc-
tuary was supported the same way. But when the inspectors of this
work saw the people continue their oblations, though all was given
already that was needful, they said to Moses, the people give more
than is needful, and Moses straight published an order that no more
should be offered for the use of the sanctuary, because more than suf--
ficient had been offered already, by Which it is manifest that God
would have nothing superfluous and abounding in his temple. And if
it were his declared pleasure in the Old Testament, which regarded
only the things in this world, that all the goods of the Church should
not go to her ministers, it is no less declared in the New. But where
will their acquisitions end, or what bounds will be set . to them? Who
among them will say the people have given enough? The ministers of
the temple, who made up the thirteenth part of the people, were not ca-
pable of receiving or enjoying any more than the tithes. Ours who
are scarce the hundredth part of the people possess at this time perhaps
more than the fourth. .
" It is impossible there could be any inconvenience in churchmen
acquiring ad 1? nfim'tum, and if all the rest of the world were reduced
to hold everything by rm? Among Christians human laws have no-
where set bounds to man's estate, because he who increaseth it to-day
may alienate it to-morrow. But there is in this case a circumstance
perhaps without example: that an order of men, perpetual, and which
never dies, should be always capable of acquiring, and never alienating.
In the Old Testament the tithes were given to the Levites, because
it was the Lord's part, and therefore they were forbidden to take any
more. A rule which they who enjoy the privileges of the Levites
ought to observe, in taking upon them all the conditions required of
them, and not only such as turn to their particular advantage. "
CHAPTER X. -- page 209.
Without remark on the alteration of the sacramental service in the
1st, 2nd, and 5th Century, and by Gregory the great, it is sufficient
to say that, the opinion as to the mass being a propitiatory sacrifice,
was not held by some. Reference to the History of the Council of
Trent by Sarpi, proves this. Lib. V1, p. 553.
" But concerning the sacrifice of the Masse, in the congregation held
until the 18th, all contended resolutely about the oblation of Christ
in the supper, and Father Salmeron was the principal man to persuade
in the affirmative. He went to the houses of those who were of the
other opinion, especially of those who had not given their voice, per-
suading them to be silent, or at the least to speak remissly, and used
the name of Cardinal Varmiense principally, and sometimes of Scri-
pando, intimating the other Legates without naming them. And this
he did with such importuuity, that the Bishops of Chiozza and Veglia
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? NOTES 249
complained of it in the congregation of the 18th of August. And
this second complained of it with very forcible reasons. He told them they
should consider well of it, because our propitiatory sacrifice being of-
fered, if it be sufficient to expiate, no other is offered but only for
thanksgiving, and he that maintaineth a propitiatory sacrifice in the
supper, 1nust needs confess that by it we are redeemed, and not by
his death, which is contrary to the Scripture and Christian Doctrine
Which ascribe our redemption to this. And if any say it is all one,
begun in the Supper and ended in the cross, he falleth into another
inconvenience as great, because it is a contradiction to say that the
beginning of a sacrifice is a sacrifice, and if any one should cease
after the beginning and go no further, no man would say he had
sacrificed, and it will never be believed that if Christ had not been
obedient unto his Father even unto the death of the Cross, but had
only made an oblation in the Supper, we had been redeemed, so that
it cannot be said that such an oblation may be called a sacrifice,
because it is a beginning of it. He said he would not absolutely de'
fend that these arguments were insoluble, but that the Councils ought
not to tie the understanding of any, who had conceived an opinion
upon such good reasons. He said as he made no difficulty to call the
mass a propitiatory sacrifice, so he could not by any means be satisfied.
that it should be said that Christgdid offer, because it is enough to say
that he commanded the oblation.
"For he said, if the synod doth atfirm that Christ did offer, the
Sacrifice either propitiatory, and so it fall into the difficulties beforc
mentioned, or not propitiatory, and so by that it cannot be concluded
that the Imass is propitiatory, and therefore that of the priest in the
Mass ought not to be. He concluded, that it was more secure to say
only, that Christ commanded the apostles to offer a propitiatory sa-
crifice in the mass.
"The Bishop then censured the Jesuit Salmeron for being factions
on matter of faith. Sarpi adds: The Bishop persuaded so many that it
was almost the common opinion not to make- mention of the propitiatory
sacrifice ofiered by Christ in the Supper.
" The General of the Jesuits, was wholly for the oblation of Christ. . .
The opinions were almost equally balanced, yet the Legates at the ear-
nest entreaty of Varmiense, resolved to put the oblation into the decree,
not making use of the Word propitiatory. "
There are priests of the Church of Rome who hold that the mass
is commemorative only of the death and passion of the Saviour of the
world.
CHAPTER X. -- page 212.
To avoid mistakes as to Fra Paolo's oflicc, works, and opinions, it
may be well to observe, that, " Opinions or Maxims as to the govern-
ment of the Republic of Venice, " was not written by him. There is no
trace of it amongst his MSS. ; it is not named in the Index Expurga-
toris, and it is not written in his style.
" In a note in the handwriting of Father Giovanni, an Augustine,
on the article Canale, is the following, in Gradenigds Chronicles, " U11
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? 250 NOTES
bastardo di casa Canale, veneziana, scrisse molte-opere politiche, tra le
quali, L'Opinz'one come debba governarsi la Repubblica dd Venezia, fal-
samente attribuita al P. P. Sarpi. " '
And in Cicogna's, Saggio (Ii Bibl1'ogra_/ia Veneziana, p. 157: " The
Opinions or Maxims falsely ascribed to P. Paolo, Servite, as to the
government of the Republic for its perpetual dominion, Meietti, 1681,
and 1685 was reprinted afterwards as if unpublished, with the title
Memorial of F. P. Sarpi, and to the Prince and Senate of Venice as
to the conduct of the Government of the Republic, Friburg (printed
in Italy), 1767, in--12? . "
Griselini alludes to this libel, in his Memorie anedote, p. 364. "Le
Prince de F. Paolo, oh Counseil politiques adresse? es a la noblesse de
Venise, par le Pere Paul Sarpi, Berlin,. 1751, in--12? .
" (Tran. ) This work and its translation first printed in Venice, by
R. Meietti, 1681, entitled: Opinions or Maxims of F. Paolo, " etc.
was reprinted by Meietti 1685, but with this title: "Opinions FALSELY
ATTRIBUTED to F. P. Sarpi. " This same work was printed at Leghorn,
with the false date of Colonia, by P. Marteau, 1760, entitled: Memorial,
etc. , as above. But notwithstanding the pains taken to sell this work
under different titles as Sarpi's, no one of the learned has ever pro-
nounced it his, but have treated the assertion as did Voltaire of some
wrong dates in his History of the Council with ridicule.
Letter of Sir H. Wotton.
To the right worthy Provost, and Professor Regius of Divinity in Cam-
bridge, (Dr. Collins). '
SIR, -- Though my feet cannot perform that counsel which I remember
from some translation in S racides ' Teras limen sensati v' i ' yet I should
at least have often visited you with my poor lines: But, on ihe other side,
while I durst not trust mine own conceit in the power of my present in-
firmity, and therefore have seldom written to any, I find myself in the
meantine overcharged with divers letters from you of singular kindness,
and one of them accompanied with a dainty Peaceful Piece, which trnely
I had not seen before, so as besides the weight of the subject, it was welcome
even for the grace of newness; yet, let me tell you, I could not but some-
what wonder to find our Spiritual Seneca (you know who I mean) among
these Reconcilers, having read a former treatise of his (if my memory fail
me not) of contrary complexion. Howsoever, now let him have his due
praise with the rest for showing his Christian wisdom and charity; but I
fear as it was anciently said by a Roman general that " B%lum sese alit-, "
so it will prove, though in a somewhat different sense, 1 ewise as rue of
this Church warfare,'tFat the ver leasure of contendin will foment
contention till the end of all Hesli But let me leave that sacred business
to our well-meanmg iathers. '
And now, Sir, having a fit messenger, and not long after the time
when love. tokens use to pass between friends, let me hold to send
you for a new year's gift a certain memorial not altogether unworthy
1 Inscriz. Ven. , Tom. m, p. 507.
1 Reliquae Wottonianse. '
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? NOTES 251
of some entertainment under your roof; namely, a true picture of Padre
Paolo, the Servita, which was first taken by a painter whom I sent unto
him from my house, then neighbouring his monastery. I have newly added
thereunto a title of mine own conception, Concilii Tridentini Eviscerator,
and had sent the frame withal, if it were portable, which is but of plam deal, coloured black, like the habit of the order. You have a luminous parlour,
which I have good cause to remember, not only by delicate fare and freedom
(the Prince of dishes), but above all, by your own learned discourse; for
to dine with you, is to dine with many good authors. In that room I be-
seech you to allow it a favourable place for my sake, and that you may
have somewhat more to tell than a bare image, if any shall ask, as in the
Table of Cebes, Tivog e? m-Z 1-6 5' dyahpa; I am desirous to characterize a
little unto you such part of his nature, customs, and abilities as I had oc-
casion to know by sight or by inquiry, He was one of the hl'lI11bl8Sttl1ing. <
that could be seen Within the bounds of humanity, the very pattern of
precept,
" Quanto doctior, tanto submissior. "
and enough alone to demonstrate t1at now e ge well digested, -- non
inflat -- excellent in positive, excellent in scholastical and polemical divi-
nity; a rare mathematician, even in the most abstruse parts thereof, as in Al-
gebra and the Theoriques, and yet withal, so expert in the history of plants,
as if he had never persued any book but nature. Lastly, a great Canonist,
which was the title of his ordinary service with the state, ----and certainly
in the time of the Pope's interdict they had their principal light from him.
When he was either reading or writing alone, his manner was to sit fenc-
ed with a castle of paper about his chair and over head, for he was of our
Lord of St. Alban's opinion, that all air is predatory, and especially hurtful
when the spirits are most emp oye . ou will fin a scar in his face, that
was from a Roman assassinate,~ that would have killed him, as he was V-/124
turned to a wall neai';_convent,"if there were not a greater providence about F/'
us it might often have been easily done, especially upon such a weak and
wearyish body. He was of a quiet and ;settled temper, which made him
prompt in his counsels and answers, and the same in consultation which
Themistocles was in action '-- Abrou-XeBr&Zuv i/J. cu/(irarog --- as will appear
unto you in a passage between him and the Prince of Conde? . The said
Prince in a voluntary journey to Rome came by Venice, where to give
some vent to his own humours, he would often divest himself of his great-
ness, and after others less laudable curiosities, not long before his departure,
a desire took him to visit the famous obscure Servita, to whose cloyster
coming twice, he was the first time denied to be within; at the second it 7
was intimated, that by reason of his daily admission to their deliberation in the palace, he could not receive the visit of so illustrious a personage , :3
without leave. AThis set a greater edge on the Prince when he saw he
should confer with one participant of more than monkish speculations, so /
after leave gotten he came the third time, and then besides other volun- .
tary discourse (which it were a tyranny over you to repeat), he assailed fiww
him with a question enough to have troubled any man but himself, and him \
too, if a precedent accident had not eased him. The question was Arafifiqdnv
this: he desired to be told by him before his going, who was the true
unmasked author of the late Tridentine History?
You must know this, that but newly advertisement was come from
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? ' 262
NOTES
shit?
Rome that the Archbishop of Spalato being then re-arrived from England,
in an interview between him and the Cardinal Ludovisio, nephew to Gre-
gory the XV, the said Cardinal, after a cornplemental welcoming him into
the Lap ' of the Church, told him by order from the Pope, that his
Holiness would expect from him some recantatiou in print as an anti-
dote '2. against certain books and pamphlets which he had published whilst
he stood in revolt: namely, his first Manifesto; item, two Sermons preached
at the Italian Church in London, again a little Tract, entituled his Sco-
gli: and lastly, his greater volumes about Church Regiment and Contro-
versies. These were all named; for as touching the Tridentine History,
. His Holiness (says the Cardinal) will not press you to any to disavowment
thereof, though you have an Epistle before the Original Edition, because
we know well enough that Frier Paolb is the Father of that Brat. Upon
this last piece of the aforesaid advertisement, the good father came fairly
off; for on a sudden laying all together, that to disavow the work was an
untruth, to assume it adanger, and to sa nothing an incivility, he took a.
middle evasion, telling the Prince, Iliht he understood he was going to
Rome, where he might learn at case who was the author of that book, as
they were freshly intelligenced from thence. .
Thus without any mercy of our time I have taken pleasure to remember
that man whom God appointed and furnished for a proper instrument to
anatomize that pack of reverend cheaters, among whom (I speak of the
greater part exceptisfinioribus) religion was shufiled like a pair of cards,
and the dice so many years were set upon us. And so wishing vou very
heartily many years, I will let you breathe till you have opened the in-
closed, remaining.
Your poor friend to serve you,
(Jan. 17 1637)
HENRY Worron. "
The Archbishop DeZDominis was induced to return to Italy, to Rome,
where he died miserably.
" The opinion usually entertained concerning the conduct of De Dominis,
upon his return to the church of Rome, is less favourable to his character
than he deserves, if we may judge from the narrative of Dr. J. Cosin,
Bishop
We are assured, that, on his departure from England, he left in writing
this memorable declaration: 'I am resolved, even with the danger of
my life, to profess before the Pope himself, that the Church of England
is a true and orthodox Church of Christ. ' "
CHAPTER X. -- page 225.
Full of years, but still vigorous in mind, the Doge, Leonardo Donato,
died suddenly, and his death, amongst other tidings of importance, is con-
tained in a letter from F. P. Sarpi to M. de G-roslot.
_ 1 That this recantation was to my knowledge never printed at Rome, or else-
where, through more haste belike in his deatli. -Qaodawtus-cause.
4? Thus otherwise upon further consideration, that things extortcd with fear carry
no credit, even by the Praetor's edict. .
of Durham, in his 'History of Transubstantiation,' (II, ? 6). '
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? NOTES 253
" All your letters are come safe. By my former letters, I acknowledged
that of the 16th of June, and of the last of the 10th of July, which has
brought me joyful news, not only upon account of his Majesty of Eng-
land's declaration, which appears to me most remarkable, but as to the
hopes it gives me of a right understanding and reconciliation amongst
all the reformed, and though it should be only in appearance, yet never-
theless it will do a world of good. But I hope it will be indeed and in truth,
especially since M. du Plessis is concerned in it, who I hope for his zeal,
courage, and dexterity will be infallibly assisted in it by heaven. I have
seen the declaration of the synod, which appears to me not only generous
but somewhat bold: possibly matters at present require such. As for
matters here, you have probably heard of the death of our Doge; it was
not untimely, as to his age, he was 77, but yet afflictive, for the Re-
public has lost a subject of heroic and incomparable virtue.
He died on
his return one morning from college, where he had fulfilled his duties
with his usual decision. The Jesuits, who do more ill absent than present,
have spread many things to dishonour his memory, and condemning him
to eternal torment, where they are used to imprison all who do not serve
or obey them. His successor has been appointed without any disturbance,
who though not equal to the deceased in courage, is yet his equal in vir-
tue. I have much to say to you, but in one word I will conclude, if God
do not help us, in Whom notwithstanding, I really trust, the republic will
shortly be another Genoa.
I see I have occupied your time more than I ought; I conclude in kiss-
ing your hands, as do Il Signor Molino and P. Fulgenzio, etc. etc. "
CHAPTER X. -- page 228.
I necrologi della parrochia di S. Marziale tolgono ogni dubbio intorno
alla -vera epoca della morte del Sarpi. Sotto il di 15 Gennaio 1622 V. ), cioe 1623, si legge:
" A di ditto il R. do Padre Fra Paulo dell' Ordine de S. ta Maria di Servi,
de anni 73, da febre maligna, gie. giorni 8.
" L'anno dell'eta non e esatto, come spesso avviene nella fede di morte.
Inscrizione di C. Cicogna, Veneziano, vol. II, pag. 438. "
Crasso bewails the death of P. Paolo to Daniel Heinsius, the eminent
Professor of Greek at the University of Leyden (born 1580), and succes-
sor of J. Scaliger. There was a volume of Poems on the death of F. P.
Sarpi destroyed in the fire which consumed the library of the Servi
at Venice.
. . ~-. ,'. \-r /J'. /' a _. -J /
m. oREi'w? ii'F'. '1;. l. ;. , printer. mes.
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