He said : If a man don't say what he means, it's
difficult
to shape business to it, action to it.
Ezra Pound - Confucian Analects
One must insist on the nature of many verses as being set down in order to define particular words, as did Lorenzo Valla in his Elegantim.
Also Kung's
laconism, highly pleasing to some readers. ]
84
BOOK T_HIRTEEN
XXIII
XXIY
I. Tzc-kung said : What about a fellow that everyone in the village likes? He said: Won't do.
" \i\That about a fellow everyone in his village hates? " He said: Won't do. Not up to the man whom the decent people in the village like and the wrong 'uns hate.
xxv
1. He said : 1~hc superior man is easy to serve and hard to please. Try to please him with something crooked and he won't be pleased. He employs men in accordance with their capacity. The mean man is easy to please and hard to work for. You can please him by doing wrong. He wants to get everything out of the same man.
XXVI
1. He said : The proper man is liberal and not high- horsey [The t'ai'. 6023 liberal, hand grip over water rad/ can also mean exalted, with the cross-light, lofty, high- m-inded and not proud] (honoured and not proud). The m. ean man is proud and not high-minded (honoured, honourable).
XXVII
1. He said : The firm-edge, the persistent, the tree- like, those who hold in their speech, come near to full manhood.
[Not, reticent. And to conibat anyone who thinks Karlgren a mere ocademic, cf/his note
85
He said: The proper n1an is pleasant spoken . but
, 1.
not just like everyone else. The small man is identical but not agreeable.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
on "the impure t;ght of fire that shines out- ward, the pure light of water that shines in- ward. "]
XXVIII
l. Tze-lu said : What's the real definition of a scholar? He said: Urgent, quiet; [M. gives the three ? terms: earnest, pressing, pleased] standing by or looking at his own thought, his own mind-field or heart-field, easy to get on with (? ) cheerful. [I shd/ be inclined to add a spontaneous u to possible meanings of this i2. ] He can be called a scholar (-officer), earnest with his friends, and stimulating; cheerful and spontaneous with his elder and younger brothers.
XXIX
l. If a good man teach the people for seven years, they can go to war.
xxx
1. He said: To send an untrained people to war 1s to throw them away.
BOOK FOURTEEN
Hsien Wan Hsien asked
I
l. Hsien asked what is shameful? He said: When the country has a good government to be thinking only of salary; when the country has bad government, to be thinking only of salary: that is shameful.
II
1. "When the letch to get on, to make a show, when resentments and greeds aren't given way to; that makes manhood? "
2. He said : That constitutes doing what's difficult. As to its being full manhood (humanitas), I don't know.
III
l. He said : Loving comfort, cuddling domesticity, is not enough to make a scholar (scholar-officer, shih).
1. He said : When the country is decently governed : daring words; daring acts. When the country is not decently governed, daring acts and conventional speech.
[Sun in first tone, a grandson; in 4th: Prudent, doc1'le, reserved. ]
v
l. He said: He who has the virtu to act on his inwit must have words, but he who has words needn't neces- sarily act according to conscience. He who is manly must have courage, audacity, but he who is audacious needn't necessarily have full humanitas, manhood.
87
86
- - ------------------
----------- - - - -
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1. Nan-kung Kuo said to Kung-tze: Yi was a good archer, Ao could drag a boat along on land, neither died a natural death. Yu and Chi did their own farm-work and rose to be emperors. The big n1an didn't reply. Nan-kung Kuo went out. He said : A proper man, that ! what a man ought to be like. Respects conscientious action as a man should.
VII
1. He said: Superior men aren't always complete; no mean man has manhood.
[The langitage is very close; . one might say,
a n1an can have the voice of his ancestry with- in him, without attaining complete h-umanitas. No mean n1an has humanitas. ]
VIII
1. I-Ie said: I. . . . ove exists, can it be other than exigent? Where there is sincerity (mid-mind, mid- heart) can it refrain from teaching?
["word-each. " 2338. hui4? Again it is in,- struction by sorting out terms. Can you get the centre of the mind, without terminology? ]
IX
I. He said : Drawing up the decrees (government orders) P'i Shan invented the straw (i. e. , made the rough drafts), Shih-shu inched the words* and discussed them with the Chef du Protocole (the Hsing jen, official in charge of trave11ing envoys), Tze-Yu combed 'em out and polished 'em, and Tze-Chan of Tung Li added the beauties.
1. Someone asked about (this) Tze-Chan. He said : A kind man.
2. Asked about Tze-Hsi. He said: That bloke! That one!
[If you accept Legge's interpretation, but the pi tsai might be perhaps taken as: "just another, uomo qualunque. " There just isn't enough in the text to indicate tone of voice: query, alas? or what will you! ]
3. Asked about Kwan Chung. He said: Jen yeh*, man who snatched from Po chief, P'ien, a city of three hundred (L. families), (L. the latter) ate coarse rice till his teeth were gone (L. and current, till death) without a grumbling word. [L. 's note, that the dispossessed respected Kwan to this extent. J
XI
1. He said: To be poor without grumbling or resent- ments is difficult; easy to be rich and not haughty.
XII
1. He said : Mang Kung-ch'o for being an elder (senex, senator) of the Chao or Wei, has it in abundance (easily more than fill the pattern requirements), couldn't
1nake it as Gr. eat Officer of Tang or Hsieh.
XIII
1. Tze-Lu asked about the perfect man (the man of perfect focus).
*Possibly wider reading wd/ enlighten as to bearing of Chinese equivalents of, Oh, ugh, and ali ! and any flavour that might have been kept in a strictly oral tradition as to tone of voice used. Here it seems to be approbative, and the tsai seems pejorative in verse 2.
89
*P . ( ? )
anciens.
! es ex(llnvinait
. attentiveim. ent
88
et
y
placait
les
dits
des
------. ---
? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
VI x
BOOK FOURTEEN
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
He said: As if he had Tsang Wu-chung's knowledge, Kung-ch'o's freedom from greed, Chwang of Pien's bravery, Zan Ch'iu's versatile talents, culture enough for the rites and music, he'd have the wherewithal for human perfection.
2. Said: At present why need we such perfect
humanity; to see chance of profit and consider equity, to see danger and be ready to accept one's fate, not to forget the level words of a compact made long ago, that also would make a focus'd man (a man brought to the point, perfect).
XIV
1. Asking about Kung shu Wan, he said to Kung- ming Chia : Do you stick by the statement that your big man doesn't talk, doesn't smile, doesn't accept anything?
2. Kung-ming Chia replied : That's from rumours (reports) overrunning the limit. My big man talks when it's the time, whereby he does not bore with his talking; smiles when pleased, thereby not boring with grins; when it is just to take, he accepts, thus he don't wear people
BOOK FOURTEEN
XVII
1. Tze-Lu said : Duke Hwan executed the Ducal-son (hls brother) Chiu; Shao Hu died [L. with his boss]. Kwan Chung did not die, say, is that inhumane (un-
manly)?
2. He said: Duke Hwan gathered the princes, not
with weapons and war cars : Kwan Chung's energy
(strength) that was; is that manly? It is manly. XVIII
1. Tze-Kung [not to be confused with Kung (fu) tze] said : I'd give it that Kwan Chung was lacking in humanity, Duke Hwan had his brother Chiu bumped off, and (Kwan Chung) couldn't die, but came back and worked with Hwan as (Prime Minister).
2. He said : Kwan Chung reciprocal'd, aided Duke
Hwan as prime minister, overruling the princes; unified
and rectified the empire, and people till today receive the benefits. But for Kwan Chung we'd be wearing our hair loose and buttoning our coats to the left.
3. You want him to behave like a comtnon man or woman, who could end in a creek or ditch without any- one's being the wiser?
XIX
1. Kung-shu Wan's minister, the Great Officer Hsien, rose shoulder to shoulder with Wan in this Duke's (court).
2. Confucius hearing this said: Wan's the name for him [Wan, accomplished, having real culture] on that count.
xx
1. He was speaking of the evil government of the Duke Ling of Wei (Nan-tze's husband). K'ang-tze said: A man like that, how come he don't lose (his state)?
91
out with taking.
He said : Yes, does he really do that?
xv
1. He said : Tsang Wu-chung flowing through Fang, asked Lu to appoint a successor; although you say this is not bringing pressure to bear on a prince, I won't stand by that definition.
XVI
1. He said: Duke Wan of Tsin was wily and not
correct, [chiieh2-5; wily from words and an arwl, clouds of three colours, hypocrite. P. admirably: un fourbe sans droiture. ]
Duke Hwan of Ch'i was correct and not wily. 90
? ? ? ? ? ? ------r------
- - -- - - - - ------------------------ BOOK FOURTEEN
[Might almost say: goes far up, far down. All the way through, penetrates upward or downward. Covers the meaning: his mental penetration goes upward, or downward. ]
xxv
? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
2. Kung-tze said: The second brother Yu looks after guests and strangers; the ecclesiastic T'o looks after the dynastic temple; Wang-sun Chia looks after the army corps and regi1nents1 n1en like that, how lose his (state) ?
XXI
1.
He said : If a man don't say what he means, it's difficult to shape business to it, action to it. [L and M, take the put se as mea. ning immodest. Pictogrammic interpretation at least as interesting. ]
XXII
L Chan Ch'ang murdered the Duke of Ch'i.
2. Confucius took a bath, went to court, and made formal announcement to the Duke Ai, in these words : Chan Ch'ang has murdered his prince; this invites
punish111ent.
3. The Duke said : Inform the Three Great.
4. Kung-tze said: Coming (in rank) just after the
Great Officers, I did not venture to leave my prince un- informed, (My prince) says inform the Three Great.
5. He announced it to the Three, (who pied) non possunius.
Kung-tze said : Con1ing just after the Great Officers, I did not dare omit the announcement.
XXIII
1. 'fze-lu asked about serving a prince. He said : Don't cheat him, stand up to him [L. withstand him to his face].
XXIV
L He said : A proper man progresses upward (far), a mean man progresses downward (far).
92
L He said : In the old days men studied to make themselves, IlO\V they study to in1press others.
XXVI
1. Chu Po-yu sent a man to Confucius.
2. l(ung-tze sat v. 1ith him and questioned him: What's your boss doing?
Replied : " My big man wants to diminish the number of his errors, and cannot. " The messenger went out. Kung-tze said : Some inessenger, isn't he?
XXVII
1. He said: Not in a particular government office, don't plan to run it.
XXVIII
L Tsang-tze (his son-in-law) said: A proper man's thoughts do not go outside (the sphere of) his office. fYi King diaigrant 52, eight characters, here seven, omit-
ting one. J
XXIX
L He said : A proper man is ashamed of words [L. modest in speech], and goes beyond (them) in action,
[Also: ashamed of words that exceed his action. ] 93
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
xxx
1. He said : A proper man's mode of life is three- ply. I can't make it : manhood without regrets; know- ing, he is without suspicion; courageous and therefore without anxiety.
2: Tze-Kung said: Boss, that's the way you go on yourself.
XXXI
1. Tze-Kung square-measur. ed men (one by another).
Confucius said : Tze, you must have heavy talents, n'est- ce past Anyhow, I haven't got the spare time.
XXXII
1
1. He said : Not worried that others don t know me,
worried by my incapacities.
XXXIII
1. He said : Not anticipating deceit or calculating on infidelity [L. anticipate attempts to deceive him, nor think beforehand of not being believed. Might even be: don't oppose deceit (to deceit) or calculate on a man's lies, or lying], but to be quick to spot a hoax when it happens, man who can do this must have solid sense?
XXXIV
1. In course of conversation (old) Wei-shang Mau, said to him: Hummock, my boy, how do you manage to roost when there's a roost going, do you manage it by an oily tongue?
2. He said : I don't dare oil the tongue, but I hate stick-in-a-rut-ness (hate being boxed in with frowst).
94
BOOK FOURTEEN
xxxv
1. He said: A horse is grade A not because of strength but from a balance of qualities (proportionate ensemble).
[This is another definit;on, directing thought to the composition of the ideogram itself. A "separate differences horse," extraordinary, yes, defined by the ch'eng, with se. nse of weighing of the grain, good grain, agreeable, etc. (383) vid. also alternations (3067). ]
XXXVI
Someone said what about returning straight good-
1.
ness for injury [L. kindness for injury]?
2. He said: What do you do to repay someone who acts straight with you?
3. See straight when someone injures you, and return good deeds by good deeds.
[L. has the old: justice for injury, kindness for kindness. This does not exhaust the con- tents of the ideograms. Yiian (4th) : murmur, harbour resentment. Allay resentment by straightness, watch a man who harbours re- sentmernt against you. Give frank act for frank act. Understanding of Confucius has been retarded by wanting to fit his tho"ght inf. a gross ? Occidental clichts. ]
XXXVII
1. He said : The extent to which no one understands
me!
2. Tze-kung said: How do you make out no one
understands you (knows you)?
He said : I do not harbour resentment against heaven,
I study what is below and my thought goes on, penetrates
upward. Is it heaven that knows me? Aristotle: generals FROM pa~ticulars. ]
95
[Not id. but cf/
? ? ? ? ? ? --- ------~--- -- --------------------
? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
XXXVIII
1. Kung-po Liao slandered [curre. ntly "smeared "] Tze-Lu to Chi-sun [ed. be: definitely brought formal charge against him, or: laid an information, pejorative, or definitely false]. Tze-fu Ching-po told of it, saying: The big 1nan is certainly having his intentions misled
(direction of his will deflected) by Kung-po Liao, I have
strength enough to have him executed in the market place or in court. [i. e. , as common criminal or great officer]. 2. He said : If my mode of living is to make head- way, or if iny process is to go to waste, it is destined [seal and mouth ? Of heaven] ; what can Kung-po Liao do
about that decree?
XXXIX
1. He said : Some with solid talents get away from
their generation.
2. Those nearest (that solidity) retire from a par- ticular locality.
3. The next grade get away from dazzle (display).
4. Those next get away from words [the dominion of catch phrases. Cd/ even be: stop talking].
[5172, in various c-onnotations. (i): look down upon. rad/ 160. "bitter. " A cross under rad/ 117. looks no? t unlike a graph of a sp? inning-whorl. ]
XL
1. He said: Seven men started this [L. have done
this].
XLI
1. Tze-Lu was passing the night at Stone Gate, the gate guard said : Where from?
Tze-Lu said : The Kung clan.
Said : He's the man who knows there's nothing to be
done, yet sticks with it (keeps on trying). 96
BOOK FOURTEEN
XLII
J. He was dru1nming on the musical stone in Wei, a man with a straw hamper on his back passed th. e door of the Kung family house, and said : What a mind he's got beating that stone, n'est-ce pas?
2. That was that, then he said : How vulgar ! Per- sistent, water on stone, vvater on stone. When one is not recognised that's the end of it, end it. " Over deep with your clothes on, pick 'em up when the water is shallow. " (Odes I. iii. 9. )
3. He said : Certainly, no difficulty about that.
[The text does not give one sufficient to insist on the bearing of the kuo, 3732, fruft. ]
XLIII
In the History, Tze-chang said: What's the mean- ing of the statement : Kao-tsung observing the imperial rnourning did not speak for three years?
2. He said : Why drag in Kao-tsung, in the old days everyone did. When the sovereign died, the hundred officers carried on, getting instructions from the prime minister for three years.
XLIV
1. He said : When men high up love the rites the
people are easily governed.
XLV
1. Tze-Lu asked about "right 'uns. " He said: (The
proper man) disciplines himself with reverence for the forces of vegetation.
Said : Is that all there is to it?
Said : Disciplines himself and quiets others (rests them, considers their quiet).
Said : Disciplines himself and brings tranquillity to the hundred clans. Discipline self and quiet the hundred
D
1.
97
? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
clans Yao and Shun were almost in agony over that (alm~st painfully anxious to do that).
XLVI
l. Yuan Zang remained squatting on his heels as
Kung approached. .
He said: Young and not deferentially (holdmg . the
line) fraternal, come to manhood a~d not transm_ittu~g, old and not dying, exactly a burglarious bum. Hit him over the shin with his cane.
XLVII
1. A young Ch'ueh villager ran errands for him,
. ?
someone said : Up and coming . .
2. He said: I see him sit in men's chairs, ;vatk ~breast of his elders, he's not trying to fill up, hes trymg to finish in a hurry.
BOOK FIFTEEN
Wei Ling Kung Duke Ling of Wei
I
l. Duke Ling of Wei asked Kung-tze about tactics. Kung-tze replied : I have heard a bit about sacrificial stands and dishes, I have not studied the matter of army arrangements. He left next morning.
2. In Chan, provisions cut off, those following him
sickened so no one could get up.
3. Tze-Lu showing his irritation said: Does a gentle-
man have to put up with this sort of thing? He said : A gentleman gets obstinate when he has to; a small man dissolves (when he's up against it).
II
l. He said: Tz'u ("Grant"), you think I make a lot of studies and commit things to memory?
Replied : Aye, ain't it so?
Said: No, I one, through, string-together, sprout [that is: unite, flow through, connect, put forth leaf]. For me there is one thing that flows through, holds things to- gether, germinates.
III
l. He said : Sprout, few know how to carry their
inwit straight into acts.
IV
l. He said : Shun governed without working. How did he do it?
laconism, highly pleasing to some readers. ]
84
BOOK T_HIRTEEN
XXIII
XXIY
I. Tzc-kung said : What about a fellow that everyone in the village likes? He said: Won't do.
" \i\That about a fellow everyone in his village hates? " He said: Won't do. Not up to the man whom the decent people in the village like and the wrong 'uns hate.
xxv
1. He said : 1~hc superior man is easy to serve and hard to please. Try to please him with something crooked and he won't be pleased. He employs men in accordance with their capacity. The mean man is easy to please and hard to work for. You can please him by doing wrong. He wants to get everything out of the same man.
XXVI
1. He said : The proper man is liberal and not high- horsey [The t'ai'. 6023 liberal, hand grip over water rad/ can also mean exalted, with the cross-light, lofty, high- m-inded and not proud] (honoured and not proud). The m. ean man is proud and not high-minded (honoured, honourable).
XXVII
1. He said : The firm-edge, the persistent, the tree- like, those who hold in their speech, come near to full manhood.
[Not, reticent. And to conibat anyone who thinks Karlgren a mere ocademic, cf/his note
85
He said: The proper n1an is pleasant spoken . but
, 1.
not just like everyone else. The small man is identical but not agreeable.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
on "the impure t;ght of fire that shines out- ward, the pure light of water that shines in- ward. "]
XXVIII
l. Tze-lu said : What's the real definition of a scholar? He said: Urgent, quiet; [M. gives the three ? terms: earnest, pressing, pleased] standing by or looking at his own thought, his own mind-field or heart-field, easy to get on with (? ) cheerful. [I shd/ be inclined to add a spontaneous u to possible meanings of this i2. ] He can be called a scholar (-officer), earnest with his friends, and stimulating; cheerful and spontaneous with his elder and younger brothers.
XXIX
l. If a good man teach the people for seven years, they can go to war.
xxx
1. He said: To send an untrained people to war 1s to throw them away.
BOOK FOURTEEN
Hsien Wan Hsien asked
I
l. Hsien asked what is shameful? He said: When the country has a good government to be thinking only of salary; when the country has bad government, to be thinking only of salary: that is shameful.
II
1. "When the letch to get on, to make a show, when resentments and greeds aren't given way to; that makes manhood? "
2. He said : That constitutes doing what's difficult. As to its being full manhood (humanitas), I don't know.
III
l. He said : Loving comfort, cuddling domesticity, is not enough to make a scholar (scholar-officer, shih).
1. He said : When the country is decently governed : daring words; daring acts. When the country is not decently governed, daring acts and conventional speech.
[Sun in first tone, a grandson; in 4th: Prudent, doc1'le, reserved. ]
v
l. He said: He who has the virtu to act on his inwit must have words, but he who has words needn't neces- sarily act according to conscience. He who is manly must have courage, audacity, but he who is audacious needn't necessarily have full humanitas, manhood.
87
86
- - ------------------
----------- - - - -
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1. Nan-kung Kuo said to Kung-tze: Yi was a good archer, Ao could drag a boat along on land, neither died a natural death. Yu and Chi did their own farm-work and rose to be emperors. The big n1an didn't reply. Nan-kung Kuo went out. He said : A proper man, that ! what a man ought to be like. Respects conscientious action as a man should.
VII
1. He said: Superior men aren't always complete; no mean man has manhood.
[The langitage is very close; . one might say,
a n1an can have the voice of his ancestry with- in him, without attaining complete h-umanitas. No mean n1an has humanitas. ]
VIII
1. I-Ie said: I. . . . ove exists, can it be other than exigent? Where there is sincerity (mid-mind, mid- heart) can it refrain from teaching?
["word-each. " 2338. hui4? Again it is in,- struction by sorting out terms. Can you get the centre of the mind, without terminology? ]
IX
I. He said : Drawing up the decrees (government orders) P'i Shan invented the straw (i. e. , made the rough drafts), Shih-shu inched the words* and discussed them with the Chef du Protocole (the Hsing jen, official in charge of trave11ing envoys), Tze-Yu combed 'em out and polished 'em, and Tze-Chan of Tung Li added the beauties.
1. Someone asked about (this) Tze-Chan. He said : A kind man.
2. Asked about Tze-Hsi. He said: That bloke! That one!
[If you accept Legge's interpretation, but the pi tsai might be perhaps taken as: "just another, uomo qualunque. " There just isn't enough in the text to indicate tone of voice: query, alas? or what will you! ]
3. Asked about Kwan Chung. He said: Jen yeh*, man who snatched from Po chief, P'ien, a city of three hundred (L. families), (L. the latter) ate coarse rice till his teeth were gone (L. and current, till death) without a grumbling word. [L. 's note, that the dispossessed respected Kwan to this extent. J
XI
1. He said: To be poor without grumbling or resent- ments is difficult; easy to be rich and not haughty.
XII
1. He said : Mang Kung-ch'o for being an elder (senex, senator) of the Chao or Wei, has it in abundance (easily more than fill the pattern requirements), couldn't
1nake it as Gr. eat Officer of Tang or Hsieh.
XIII
1. Tze-Lu asked about the perfect man (the man of perfect focus).
*Possibly wider reading wd/ enlighten as to bearing of Chinese equivalents of, Oh, ugh, and ali ! and any flavour that might have been kept in a strictly oral tradition as to tone of voice used. Here it seems to be approbative, and the tsai seems pejorative in verse 2.
89
*P . ( ? )
anciens.
! es ex(llnvinait
. attentiveim. ent
88
et
y
placait
les
dits
des
------. ---
? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
VI x
BOOK FOURTEEN
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
He said: As if he had Tsang Wu-chung's knowledge, Kung-ch'o's freedom from greed, Chwang of Pien's bravery, Zan Ch'iu's versatile talents, culture enough for the rites and music, he'd have the wherewithal for human perfection.
2. Said: At present why need we such perfect
humanity; to see chance of profit and consider equity, to see danger and be ready to accept one's fate, not to forget the level words of a compact made long ago, that also would make a focus'd man (a man brought to the point, perfect).
XIV
1. Asking about Kung shu Wan, he said to Kung- ming Chia : Do you stick by the statement that your big man doesn't talk, doesn't smile, doesn't accept anything?
2. Kung-ming Chia replied : That's from rumours (reports) overrunning the limit. My big man talks when it's the time, whereby he does not bore with his talking; smiles when pleased, thereby not boring with grins; when it is just to take, he accepts, thus he don't wear people
BOOK FOURTEEN
XVII
1. Tze-Lu said : Duke Hwan executed the Ducal-son (hls brother) Chiu; Shao Hu died [L. with his boss]. Kwan Chung did not die, say, is that inhumane (un-
manly)?
2. He said: Duke Hwan gathered the princes, not
with weapons and war cars : Kwan Chung's energy
(strength) that was; is that manly? It is manly. XVIII
1. Tze-Kung [not to be confused with Kung (fu) tze] said : I'd give it that Kwan Chung was lacking in humanity, Duke Hwan had his brother Chiu bumped off, and (Kwan Chung) couldn't die, but came back and worked with Hwan as (Prime Minister).
2. He said : Kwan Chung reciprocal'd, aided Duke
Hwan as prime minister, overruling the princes; unified
and rectified the empire, and people till today receive the benefits. But for Kwan Chung we'd be wearing our hair loose and buttoning our coats to the left.
3. You want him to behave like a comtnon man or woman, who could end in a creek or ditch without any- one's being the wiser?
XIX
1. Kung-shu Wan's minister, the Great Officer Hsien, rose shoulder to shoulder with Wan in this Duke's (court).
2. Confucius hearing this said: Wan's the name for him [Wan, accomplished, having real culture] on that count.
xx
1. He was speaking of the evil government of the Duke Ling of Wei (Nan-tze's husband). K'ang-tze said: A man like that, how come he don't lose (his state)?
91
out with taking.
He said : Yes, does he really do that?
xv
1. He said : Tsang Wu-chung flowing through Fang, asked Lu to appoint a successor; although you say this is not bringing pressure to bear on a prince, I won't stand by that definition.
XVI
1. He said: Duke Wan of Tsin was wily and not
correct, [chiieh2-5; wily from words and an arwl, clouds of three colours, hypocrite. P. admirably: un fourbe sans droiture. ]
Duke Hwan of Ch'i was correct and not wily. 90
? ? ? ? ? ? ------r------
- - -- - - - - ------------------------ BOOK FOURTEEN
[Might almost say: goes far up, far down. All the way through, penetrates upward or downward. Covers the meaning: his mental penetration goes upward, or downward. ]
xxv
? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
2. Kung-tze said: The second brother Yu looks after guests and strangers; the ecclesiastic T'o looks after the dynastic temple; Wang-sun Chia looks after the army corps and regi1nents1 n1en like that, how lose his (state) ?
XXI
1.
He said : If a man don't say what he means, it's difficult to shape business to it, action to it. [L and M, take the put se as mea. ning immodest. Pictogrammic interpretation at least as interesting. ]
XXII
L Chan Ch'ang murdered the Duke of Ch'i.
2. Confucius took a bath, went to court, and made formal announcement to the Duke Ai, in these words : Chan Ch'ang has murdered his prince; this invites
punish111ent.
3. The Duke said : Inform the Three Great.
4. Kung-tze said: Coming (in rank) just after the
Great Officers, I did not venture to leave my prince un- informed, (My prince) says inform the Three Great.
5. He announced it to the Three, (who pied) non possunius.
Kung-tze said : Con1ing just after the Great Officers, I did not dare omit the announcement.
XXIII
1. 'fze-lu asked about serving a prince. He said : Don't cheat him, stand up to him [L. withstand him to his face].
XXIV
L He said : A proper man progresses upward (far), a mean man progresses downward (far).
92
L He said : In the old days men studied to make themselves, IlO\V they study to in1press others.
XXVI
1. Chu Po-yu sent a man to Confucius.
2. l(ung-tze sat v. 1ith him and questioned him: What's your boss doing?
Replied : " My big man wants to diminish the number of his errors, and cannot. " The messenger went out. Kung-tze said : Some inessenger, isn't he?
XXVII
1. He said: Not in a particular government office, don't plan to run it.
XXVIII
L Tsang-tze (his son-in-law) said: A proper man's thoughts do not go outside (the sphere of) his office. fYi King diaigrant 52, eight characters, here seven, omit-
ting one. J
XXIX
L He said : A proper man is ashamed of words [L. modest in speech], and goes beyond (them) in action,
[Also: ashamed of words that exceed his action. ] 93
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
xxx
1. He said : A proper man's mode of life is three- ply. I can't make it : manhood without regrets; know- ing, he is without suspicion; courageous and therefore without anxiety.
2: Tze-Kung said: Boss, that's the way you go on yourself.
XXXI
1. Tze-Kung square-measur. ed men (one by another).
Confucius said : Tze, you must have heavy talents, n'est- ce past Anyhow, I haven't got the spare time.
XXXII
1
1. He said : Not worried that others don t know me,
worried by my incapacities.
XXXIII
1. He said : Not anticipating deceit or calculating on infidelity [L. anticipate attempts to deceive him, nor think beforehand of not being believed. Might even be: don't oppose deceit (to deceit) or calculate on a man's lies, or lying], but to be quick to spot a hoax when it happens, man who can do this must have solid sense?
XXXIV
1. In course of conversation (old) Wei-shang Mau, said to him: Hummock, my boy, how do you manage to roost when there's a roost going, do you manage it by an oily tongue?
2. He said : I don't dare oil the tongue, but I hate stick-in-a-rut-ness (hate being boxed in with frowst).
94
BOOK FOURTEEN
xxxv
1. He said: A horse is grade A not because of strength but from a balance of qualities (proportionate ensemble).
[This is another definit;on, directing thought to the composition of the ideogram itself. A "separate differences horse," extraordinary, yes, defined by the ch'eng, with se. nse of weighing of the grain, good grain, agreeable, etc. (383) vid. also alternations (3067). ]
XXXVI
Someone said what about returning straight good-
1.
ness for injury [L. kindness for injury]?
2. He said: What do you do to repay someone who acts straight with you?
3. See straight when someone injures you, and return good deeds by good deeds.
[L. has the old: justice for injury, kindness for kindness. This does not exhaust the con- tents of the ideograms. Yiian (4th) : murmur, harbour resentment. Allay resentment by straightness, watch a man who harbours re- sentmernt against you. Give frank act for frank act. Understanding of Confucius has been retarded by wanting to fit his tho"ght inf. a gross ? Occidental clichts. ]
XXXVII
1. He said : The extent to which no one understands
me!
2. Tze-kung said: How do you make out no one
understands you (knows you)?
He said : I do not harbour resentment against heaven,
I study what is below and my thought goes on, penetrates
upward. Is it heaven that knows me? Aristotle: generals FROM pa~ticulars. ]
95
[Not id. but cf/
? ? ? ? ? ? --- ------~--- -- --------------------
? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
XXXVIII
1. Kung-po Liao slandered [curre. ntly "smeared "] Tze-Lu to Chi-sun [ed. be: definitely brought formal charge against him, or: laid an information, pejorative, or definitely false]. Tze-fu Ching-po told of it, saying: The big 1nan is certainly having his intentions misled
(direction of his will deflected) by Kung-po Liao, I have
strength enough to have him executed in the market place or in court. [i. e. , as common criminal or great officer]. 2. He said : If my mode of living is to make head- way, or if iny process is to go to waste, it is destined [seal and mouth ? Of heaven] ; what can Kung-po Liao do
about that decree?
XXXIX
1. He said : Some with solid talents get away from
their generation.
2. Those nearest (that solidity) retire from a par- ticular locality.
3. The next grade get away from dazzle (display).
4. Those next get away from words [the dominion of catch phrases. Cd/ even be: stop talking].
[5172, in various c-onnotations. (i): look down upon. rad/ 160. "bitter. " A cross under rad/ 117. looks no? t unlike a graph of a sp? inning-whorl. ]
XL
1. He said: Seven men started this [L. have done
this].
XLI
1. Tze-Lu was passing the night at Stone Gate, the gate guard said : Where from?
Tze-Lu said : The Kung clan.
Said : He's the man who knows there's nothing to be
done, yet sticks with it (keeps on trying). 96
BOOK FOURTEEN
XLII
J. He was dru1nming on the musical stone in Wei, a man with a straw hamper on his back passed th. e door of the Kung family house, and said : What a mind he's got beating that stone, n'est-ce pas?
2. That was that, then he said : How vulgar ! Per- sistent, water on stone, vvater on stone. When one is not recognised that's the end of it, end it. " Over deep with your clothes on, pick 'em up when the water is shallow. " (Odes I. iii. 9. )
3. He said : Certainly, no difficulty about that.
[The text does not give one sufficient to insist on the bearing of the kuo, 3732, fruft. ]
XLIII
In the History, Tze-chang said: What's the mean- ing of the statement : Kao-tsung observing the imperial rnourning did not speak for three years?
2. He said : Why drag in Kao-tsung, in the old days everyone did. When the sovereign died, the hundred officers carried on, getting instructions from the prime minister for three years.
XLIV
1. He said : When men high up love the rites the
people are easily governed.
XLV
1. Tze-Lu asked about "right 'uns. " He said: (The
proper man) disciplines himself with reverence for the forces of vegetation.
Said : Is that all there is to it?
Said : Disciplines himself and quiets others (rests them, considers their quiet).
Said : Disciplines himself and brings tranquillity to the hundred clans. Discipline self and quiet the hundred
D
1.
97
? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
clans Yao and Shun were almost in agony over that (alm~st painfully anxious to do that).
XLVI
l. Yuan Zang remained squatting on his heels as
Kung approached. .
He said: Young and not deferentially (holdmg . the
line) fraternal, come to manhood a~d not transm_ittu~g, old and not dying, exactly a burglarious bum. Hit him over the shin with his cane.
XLVII
1. A young Ch'ueh villager ran errands for him,
. ?
someone said : Up and coming . .
2. He said: I see him sit in men's chairs, ;vatk ~breast of his elders, he's not trying to fill up, hes trymg to finish in a hurry.
BOOK FIFTEEN
Wei Ling Kung Duke Ling of Wei
I
l. Duke Ling of Wei asked Kung-tze about tactics. Kung-tze replied : I have heard a bit about sacrificial stands and dishes, I have not studied the matter of army arrangements. He left next morning.
2. In Chan, provisions cut off, those following him
sickened so no one could get up.
3. Tze-Lu showing his irritation said: Does a gentle-
man have to put up with this sort of thing? He said : A gentleman gets obstinate when he has to; a small man dissolves (when he's up against it).
II
l. He said: Tz'u ("Grant"), you think I make a lot of studies and commit things to memory?
Replied : Aye, ain't it so?
Said: No, I one, through, string-together, sprout [that is: unite, flow through, connect, put forth leaf]. For me there is one thing that flows through, holds things to- gether, germinates.
III
l. He said : Sprout, few know how to carry their
inwit straight into acts.
IV
l. He said : Shun governed without working. How did he do it?
