No More Learning

Charles, É. Roger Bacon. Paris and Bordeaux. 1861.
Endres, J. A. Über den Ursprung und die Entwickelung der scholastischen Lehr-
methode. In Philosophisches Jahrbuch. 1889. pp. 52 sqq.
Gebhart, E. L'Italie mystique. Paris. 1899.
Ghellinck, J. de. Le Mouvement Théologique du xie siècle. Paris. 1914.
Gilson, E. Le Thomisme. 2nd edn. Paris. 1923. English transl. Bullough, E.
Cambridge. 1924.
La philosophie de Saint Bonaventure. Paris. 1924.
Grabmann, M. Forschungen über die lateinischen Aristotelesübersetzungen des
xui Jahrhunderts. Münster. 1916.
Guttmann, D. Die Scholastik des xu. Jahrhunderts in ihren Beziehungen zu Juden-
thum und zu jüdischen Litteratur. Breslau. 1902.
Moses ben Maimon. Leipsic. 1908.
Inge, W. R. The Philosophy of Plotinus. 2 vols. London. 1918.
Jourdain, A. Recherches critiques sur l'âge et l'origine des traductions latines
d'Aristote. 2nd edn. Paris. 1843.


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939
Keicher, O. Raymundus Lullus und seine Stellung zur arabischen Philosophie.
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940
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
OF
LEADING EVENTS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME.
325 First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea decrees canons for the whole
Church.
529-534 Publication of the Codex Iustinianus.
766 Death of St Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz.
774 Pope Hadrian I gives the Dionysio-Hadriana collection of canons to
Charlemagne.
c. 780 St Benedict founds the monastery of Aniane.
804 Death of Alcuin.
817 Council of Aix-la-Chapelle reinforces Rules of St Chrodegang and
St Benedict of Aniane.
c. 850 The False Decretals forged.
851 John the Scot's De Praedestinatione.
910 Foundation of Cluny.
911 Foundation of the Duchy of Normandy by the treaty of St-Clair-sur-Epte.
927–941 Reforming activities of Odo, Abbot of Cluny.
954-994 Maiolus (Mayeul) Abbot of Cluny.
969 The Fāțimid Caliphs annex Egypt.
994-1048 Odilo Abbot of Cluny.
996-1026 Richard II (the Good) Duke of Normandy.
1009 Profanation of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem by
Hākim the Fățimid.
c. 1012 The Order of Camaldoli founded.
c. 1012 The Decretum of Burchard of Worms.
1012–1046 The Tusculan Popes.
1016 Arrival of the Normans in South Italy.
1027-1035 Robert I Duke of Normandy.
c. 1029 The Normans established in the county of Aversa.
1034-1037 The sons of Tancred d'Hauteville arrive in South Italy.
1035 (2 July) William the Bastard becomes Duke of Normandy.
1036 Death of Avicenna.
c. 1038 The Order of Vallombrosa founded.
1039 Accession of Henry III as King of Germany, Italy, and Burgundy.
1042 “Truce of God” proclaimed in Normandy.
1046 Death of Richard of St Vannes.
Synod of Sutri. Deposition of Popes Gregory VI and Benedict IX.
(25 Dec. ) Election of Pope Clement II (Suidger of Bamberg).
1047 Council of Rome (Jan. ) declares simonists deposed.
William the Bastard's victory at Val-des-Dunes.
1049–1054 Leo IX (Bruno of Toul) Pope.
1049-1109 Hugh Abbot of Cluny.
1049 (3 Oct. ) Synod of Rheims.
1049–1061 Humbert Cardinal-bishop of Silva-Candida.
1053 (23 June) Pope Leo IX defeated by the Norians at Civitate.
1054 Schism of Eastern and Western Churches.
1055-1057 Victor II Pope.
1056 Accession of Henry IV.
The outbreak of the Pataria at Milan begins.
1057–1058 Stephen IX Pope.
1057–1072 Peter Damian Cardinal-bishop of Ostia.


## p. 941 (#987) ############################################

Chronological Table
941
1058–1061 Nicholas II Pope.
1059 Submission of the see of Milan to the Papacy.
The Papal Election Decree (14 Apr. ).
The Treaty of Melfi (Aug. ). Robert Guiscard recognised as Duke of
Apulia.
Hildebrand appointed Archdeacon of the Roman Church.
1060-1108 Philip I King of France.
1061-1073 Pope Alexander II.
1061 The capture of Messina by the Normans.
c. 1063 First appearance of the Rule of St Augustine.
1064-1069 Promulgation of the Usatges of Raymond Berengar I, the earliest
known feudal code.
1065 End of the minority of Henry IV of Germany (29 Mar. ).
The Seljūq Turks enter Syria.
1066 (5 Jan. ) Death of Edward the Confessor.
(6 Jan. ) Earl Harold elected King of England.
(14 Oct. ) Battle of Hastings. William the Conqueror King of England.
1068 Rebellion of Edwin and Morkere. Harrying of the North.
1070-1089 Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury.
1071 Capture of Bari by Robert Guiscard (Apr. ). End of the Byzantine
power in Italy.
Battle of Manzikert (26 Aug. ).
The Seljūq Turks occupy Jerusalem.
Completion of the Conquest of England by the Normans.
1073 (22 Ápr. ) Election of Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand).
(Aug. ) Outbreak of the Saxon revolt.
1074 (18 Jan. ) Henry IV grants a charter to the citizens of Worms.
1075 Pope Gregory VII enunciates papal powers in the Dictatus Papae.
The first Investiture decree.
(9 June) Henry IV defeats the Saxons on the Unstrut.
1076 (24 Jan. ) Council of Worms.
Excommunication of Henry IV by Gregory VII.
(16 Oct. ) Diet of Tribur.
The Order of Grandmont founded by St Stephen.
1077 (Jan. ) King Henry IV goes to Canossa.
Diet of Forchheim. Election of Rudolf of Swabia as anti-king (13 Mar. ).
First English Cluniac monastery founded at Lewes.
1079 The appointment of Frederick, Count of Staufen, as Duke of Swabia
founds the fortunes of the Hohenstaufen family.
1080 Final excommunication and deposition of Henry IV by the Pope.
The Council of Brixen deposes the Pope and elects Guibert of Ravenna
as anti-Pope Clement III (25 June).
William the Conqueror refuses to do fealty to Pope Gregory VII.
Pope Gregory VII reconciled to Robert Guiscard at Ceprano.
Death of the anti-king Rudolf.
Robert Guiscard begins attack on the Eastern Empire.
c. 1080-1130 General establishment of communes in the North Italian cities.
1081-1088 Count Herman of Salm as anti-king.
1084 Henry IV crowned at Rome by the anti-Pope Clement III.
(May) Sack of Rome by the Normans.
The Carthusian Order founded by Bruno of Cologne.
1085 (25 May) Death of Pope Gregory VII.
(17 July) Death of Robert Guiscard.
1086 Compilation of Domesday Book.
1086-1087 Victor III Pope.
1087 Genoa and Pisa capture Mahdiyah in Barbary.
1087-1100 William Rufus King of England.
1088 End of the Saxon revolt. Climax of the power of Henry IV in Germany.
1088–1096 Conquest of South Wales.
1088-1099 Urban II Pope.


## p. 942 (#988) ############################################

942
Chronological Table
1090-1097 Henry IV's expedition to Italy.
1091 Completion of the Norman conquest of Sicily.
1092 Annexation of Cumberland and Westmorland to England.
(Nov. ) Death of Malik Shāh.
1093 Revolt of Conrad in Italy.
1093–1109 Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury.
1095 (Mar. ) Council of Piacenza.
(27 Nov. ) Council of Clermont. Pope Urban II proclaims the First
Crusade.
1097 (19 June) Surrender of Nicaea.
(1 July) Battle of Dorylaeum.
1098 (21 Mar. ) The Cistercian Order founded by Robert of Molesme.
(3 June) Fall of Antioch.
(28 June) Defeat of Karböghā's army near Antioch, the turning-point
in the history of the First Crusade.
1099 (15 July) Capture of Jerusalem.
(22 July) Godfrey of Bouillon chosen Prince of Jerusalem.
(12 Aug. ) Defeat of the Egyptians near Ascalon; the last achievement
of the First Crusade.
1099-1118 Paschal II Pope.
1100-1135 Henry I King of England.
1100-1118 Baldwin I King of Jerusalem.
1100 (Sept. ) Death of the anti-Pope Clement III.
Coronation Charter of Henry I of England.
c. 1100 Irnerius, founder of the Glossators, teaches Roman Law at Bologna.
1103 Accession of Roger II, Count of Sicily.
1104 Revolt of Henry V against his father the Emperor Henry IV.
1106 (7 Aug. ) Death of the Emperor Henry IV. End of the schism between
the Empire and the Papacy.
(28 Sept. ) Battle of Tinchebrai.
The Order of Fontevrault approved by Pope Paschal II.
1107 (23 May) Council of Troyes.
(Aug. ) Henry I of England reconciled to Anselm; English Investiture
compromise.
1108-1137 Reign of Louis VI of France.
c. 1108 Practice of lay-investiture by the King of France lapses.
1110-1111 Henry V's expedition to Italy.
1111 Imprisonment of Pope Paschal II, and his concession of investiture;
Henry V crowned Emperor.
1115 Revolt of Saxony.
(25 June) Foundation of Clairvaux.
(24 July) Death of the Countess Matilda of Tuscany.
1115-1153 St Bernard Abbot of Clairvaux.
1118-1119 Gelasius II Pope.
1118 (April) Excommunication of Henry V by Pope Gelasius II, and renewal
of the schism between the Empire and the Papacy.
1118–1131 Baldwin II King of Jerusalem.
1119-1124 Calixtus II Pope.
1119 (23 Dec. ) Pope Calixtus II confirms the Carta Caritatis of the Cistercian
Order.
c. 1120 Foundation of the Orders of Templars and Hospitallers.
1120 Foundation of the Premonstratensian Order.
1121 Condemnation of Abelard at Soissons.
1122 (23 Sept. ) The Concordat of Worms reconciles the Empire and the
Papacy.
1123 First Lateran Council.
1124-1130 Honorius II Pope.
1125 (23 May) Death of the Emperor Henry V.
1125 (30 Aug. ) Lothar of Supplinburg elected to the German kingship as
Lothar III.


## p. 943 (#989) ############################################

Chronological Table
943
1127 (2 Mar. ) Charles the Good, Count of Flanders, murdered at Bruges.
Death of William, Duke of Apulia.
Conversion of the Wends recommenced.
(Dec. ) Conrad of Hohenstaufen elected anti-king at Spires.
1128 (June) Marriage of the Empress Matilda to Geoffrey Plantagenet.
(Aug. ) Roger II of Sicily invested with the duchy of Apulia by Pope
Honorius II.
1130 Disputed election of Innocent II and Anacletus II as Pope.
Count Roger II crowned King of Sicily at Palermo (25 Dec. ).
1131 The Gilbertine Order founded at Sempringham in Lincolnshire.
1131-1144 Fulk King of Jerusalem.
1133 (4 June) Lothar III crowned as Emperor at Rome by Pope Innocent II.
1135 (Mar. ) The Diet of Bamberg ends the conflict between the Emperor
Lothar III and the Hohenstaufen.
Death of Henry I of England (1 Dec. ). Succession of Stephen.
1136 Lothar III's second expedition to Italy.
1137 (4 Dec. ) Death of the Emperor Lothar III.
1137-1180 Reign of Louis VII of France.
1138 (25 Jan. ) Death of the anti-Pope Anacletus II.
(3 Mar. ) Conrad III elected King of Germany.
(Aug. ) Battle of the Standard near Northallerton.
1139 Second Lateran Council.