] shall receive an order to compel inn- holders to settle their
measures
and ves- sels.
A-Companion-to-the-Cantos-of-Ezra-Pound-II
Il's problems afterwards was to relieve the pressure of the Franks, who were challenging the territory of all southern Europe.
174. Watling Street: Ancient Roman mili- tary highway that reached from the English coast of Kent in SE England, through Lon- don, to Chester in the NW.
175. Hyacinthinis: L, "Vermilion" or "Crimson. I I Pound's source has now become The Eparch's Book ofLeo the Wise [cf. 271 below].
176. J1crCl. Aoi;fiAWV: H, " o f great majestic models. " The fake purple is Pound's transla- tion of the Latin in the line above. The idea is a comparison with royal purple because in the early years of cloth-dying only kings could afford it. In the Analects [B. XVII, chap. 18] Kung said: "I hate the way purple spoils Vermilion, I hate the way Chang so- nority confuses the music of the Elegantiae, I hate sharp mouths (the clever yawp, mouths set on profits) that overturn states and families" [CON, 277].
177. Dr. Liddell's: Of the Liddell and Scott Greek dictionary.
178. chastised: Chap. 4 of The Eparch's Book [Ep. B], entitled "Merchants of Silk Stuffs," forbids them to sell to strangers silks colored with dyes reserved for royalty. If they did they should be chastised [CFT, Pai, 2-2, 228-242].
179. coom ben: Slang for L, cum benis, "caught with the goods. "
180. verberator et bonis . . . : L, "flogged and liable to confiscation. "
. . . liable to confiscation. "
182. aurei: Roman coin.
181. 1TmocvEu8w
: H,
"flogged and
183. oeKa vO/. lw/1&rwv: H, "ten aurei. "
184. purpureas vestes: L, "silk merchants. " Professor Nicole's translation into Latin.
? ? ? 604
185. ra ~A. car[<Y. : H, "silk merchants,"
186. avawwc;: H, "shameless,"
187. Dr. Nicole: Professor at the University of Geneva who discovered the manuscript of the book. In 1891 he translated it into both modern Greek and Latin in parallel columns.
188. 11r1 . . ? TL/lf/v: H, "not to raise or lower the price. "
189. "Ao-yiorou~: H, "thoughtless. " 190. J<. C1. 11'r/AEvwv: H, "retail dealers. "
191. arollvA. oc;: H, "hucksters";a'Yopaioc;: H, "forensic. "
192. A&AO~; H, "babbler. "
193. Ideograms: From the top, they are
[M6954], "purple"; [M935], "to go to"; [M6433], "surpass"; and-. [MI346], "vermil- ion. " Freely rendered they mean, "Purple goes far in surpassing red" [cf. 175, 176 above].
194. Tapaxwo17': H, "quarrelsome. "
195. Beaucaire: A town on the west bank of
the Rhone roughly at the center of a triangle formed by Nimes, Avignon, and Aries. On the east bank is a Tarascon, a small commer- cial town prob. filled with hucksters and quarrelsome babblers. Pound mentioned the town in a Lustra poem, "The Gypsy" [P,
96/659-660
201. ii . . . ~eEl: H, "who files the coinage. " The Eparch's Book lists a number of rules governing crimes in the marketplace, fol- lowed by the punishment, which is often a phrase such as "shall be flogged or shaved. "
96/661-662
605
229. that louse G. : Perhaps one of the henchmen of Nero Claudius Caesar, who as a captain of the Praetorian Guard under Tigul- lius (? ) burned Rome in A. D. 64. Or it may be a reference to WWII, in which much was destroyed by bornbing.
230. Palatine: One of the 7 hills of Rome rebuilt in magnificent fashion after the fire.
231. Cx. 7rA,l1oT{a: H, "insatiate desire. "
232. KaKovp,,/{a: H, "Wickedness. "
233. BOAQ\,: H, "dome. "
234. WJl&PCY. : H, "anything with an arched covering. "
235. iY. arjJ&AE(<y'v: H, "stability. "
236. E/J:rretptCxv: H, "experienced. "
237. (JEJ,1? A,WC;: H, "foundation. "
238. oa(Jpor::. : H, "cracked. "
239. Justinian's boy: In 532-537, Jus- tinian I, the son of Justin J, built the Santa Sophia after two previous structures had been destroyed by fire because they were structurally weak. The present one was a fireproof structure, strong in foundation, domes, arches and everything else.
240. Pearson: Norman Holmes P. , English professor at Yale, visited Pound at St. Eliza- beths while he was working on Thrones.
241. Jlil ro Knl;owvov AO~OV: H, "not built on a slant. "
242. Morrison: Robert M. , 1782-1834, au- thor of Chinese Grammar (1814) and Chi- nese Dictionary (6 vols. , 1821).
243. de Saumase: F, "Claude de Saumaise," the French name of Salmasius [87:24]. In a note appended to Nicole's Livre du Prefet Pound read: "Ces le,ons meilleures du Gene- vensis confirment certaines corrections des critiques modernes, de Saumaise et de Reitz. " A rhyme with the names of several other people in The Cantos who, in justice, should be remembered for their contribu? tions [MB, Trace, 364-365] .
119].
222. ~or6v, ~ori)p: H, "beast, herdsman. " 223. Foro Amastriani: L, "Forum. " The
name of the forum.
224. rwv twwvTO! alr{ac:: H, "the vendors of the animals. " The source adds: "Vendors are to declare the patent or latent vices of their animals" [Ep. B, 21-5].
225. askothurarion: H, prob. "of wineskins to carry outside. "
226. AETITOTPrnN: Title of chap 22: "Fine Workers. " Freshfield gives, "Con- tractors. "
227. i:iv~E( . . . AO-Y",V: H, "increase his wages by vain words in argument" [Ep. B, 22-3].
228. orofJ. vA. [a: H, "muzzled. "
196. Jlil
. . .
" n o t
quantities
gold nomisma is payable . . . they shall calcu- late their remuneration at the rate of one keration plus two miliaresia per gold no- misma. " "Bankers" is a misprint for bakers
EarjJpCY. -YWJlEVOV: H, stamped with the prefect's seal. "
197. ~OVAA~: H, "seal. "
198. J<. CtJJ. :rravov ? . . : H, "steelyard . . ,":
from a chapter concerning rules for grocers who sell any article measured by steelyards rather than scales.
199. Ducange: Charles du Fresne Du Cange, 1610-1688, scholar and lexicographer who did basic glossaries of both medieval Greek and Latin.
200. arc/"T~p: H, "stater. " The name of a coin.
service. " "liturgy. "
Potund translates
the word as
202. vel agreed price. "
. . .
: L, "or
raised the
fix the sale price. . . . The sumponos [depu- ty?
] shall receive an order to compel inn- holders to settle their measures and ves- sels. . . . The measure shall contain 30 litres and what is called the mina, 3 litres" [Ep. B, 19-1].
212. 0? VTEpaS wpct. <;: H, "two hours. "
213. iY. arjJ<Y. AiI;ElV: H, "to lock up. "
214. a~E""VE<V . . . : H, "to quench the kettles"; A? {3T/C;: H, "kettle" or "cauldron. "
215. rou o'ivov . . . : H, "to take one's fill of wine" or "to get drunk. "
216. emphorio . . . vigors: Pound transliter~ ates certain Greek words and gives his trans- lation.
217. sunthema: H, "guild. "
218. EKOtWKEo(Jwoav: H, "banished. "
pactum
203. Kmpov . . . : H,'""hoard in a season of scarcity. "
204. EVO[J<tOv: H, "house rent. " In the next line, "house rent of others. " The source reads: "Any grocer who . . . tries to raise the rent of another grocer shall be liable. "
205. leather . . . : The source reads: "and will prepare hides for shoe leather and not for carriage equipment. "
206. Xoirempers: H, "Pork Butchers. " The source says: "[Sheep] butchers are forbid- den to buy swine or store pork. " And, "Any pork butcher introducing his animals into the house of an archon to sell them secretly shall be liable" [Ep. B, 16-4].
207. oiIWv . . . : H, "house of an archon. " 208. ad pretium empti: L, "price to the
buyer. "
209. Kc,m rilv . . . evo~: H, "but for one
nomisma. " The source is concerned with bakers and bread sellers: "Bakers shall sell bread by weight fixed according to the price of corn. . . . They are to buy corn . . . by
. . .
[Ep. B 18-1].
210. Jl~b? Jl'c, . . . : H, "but not for public
. . .
220. B08pnN: H, "agents. "
221. b'CY. ~Jl<Y. ivEr(1(: H, "make clearly. "
upon which the
tax of one
211. (JLKOVOfJ. {CX . ? . : H, "management . . . in a certain manner . . . to sell. " The source for several lines reads: "When wine arrives in the city let the master . . . of the guild of inn- holders . . . warn the eparch so that he may
219.
ty. " The title of chap. 20 of The Eparch's Book, which Pound takes to be about for- eign importers.
TIEPI
: H,
"Concerning
the Depu-
known
? ? 606
96/662-664
244. de Reitz: [Cf. 243 aboveJ. The two names appeared in the essay of Julien d'As- kalon [cf. 246 belowJ .
245. rrvpor: . . -lile;: H, "fire, air, water, and earth," For "hodatas" read hydatos.
246. Julien d'Askalon: J. d'Askalon, author of the Collection of Extracts appended to the Geneva IDS Nicole edited. His comments were arranged under four headings: (I)pre? cautions against fire; (2)airing of solid items to be sold; (3)the uses of water; and (4)the laws ofland ownership.
247. TpCt1Tetwv: H, "at the table. " Because bankers leaned on the tables at which they changed money, the phrase became associ- ated with the process: hence, the modern Greek word for banker is trapezites, or "ex- change table keeper. "
248. ~vpaob? "'Cit: H, "tanners. "
254. e,KuKAwC; . . . : H, "circular edu- cation. "
255. Necephoras: Emperor N. Phocas, 963? 969, who debased the coinage [cf. 114 aboveJ . Pound says he "kolobozed" it.
256. episkeptiks . . . banauson: The control? lers of the currency fought against usorious bankers in an effort to keep interest rates under 12% [Ep. B, 2? notes]. The rates changed over time and according to the use of the money: "Basil I forbade interest to be asked or taken . . . Leo III . . . made the max
care whether you're white or black? " [Catul? Ius, Carmen, 93 has the words reversedJ. The 3 men in these several lines all stood for justice against the injustice of the state.
267. Tully: Cicero.
268. no such blue: Lake Garda's blue water. The villa to which Catullus was banished was at Sirmio on this lake.
269. Ocelle Veronensis: L, "the eye of Ve? rona. " Description of the blue of the water.
270. Leo: 1. the Sixth, known as "the Wise," Byzantine emperor (866? 912). He modernized the works on the law done UD- der Justinian 1.
271. ElIAPXIKON . . . : H, The Eparch's Book: The great legal document uttered by Leo the Wise, 866? 912, to provide some measure of justice in the marketplace. The Byzantine-Greek version was discovered in 1891 by Professor Jules Nicole ref. 187 above], who transcribed it into modern Greek and made both Latin and French translations, published in 1893 as Le Livre du Pn! fet. [The original ms and the Greek and Latin versions are reproduced in Pai, 2? 2, 245? 311. J The book has 22 short chap? ters each devoted to one part of the market? place, including money, banking, food, clothing, and construction. The rules were designed to prevent one part of the public from victimizing another. This is the earliest
known document to deal with such matters in specific detail. The eparchy was an admin? istrative district reaching 100 miles in all directions from Constantinople. The book opens with a formulary preamble saying the work was done by direction of "the Serene Emepror following the examples of God for the good of all subjects, the tranquiIlity of the state.
174. Watling Street: Ancient Roman mili- tary highway that reached from the English coast of Kent in SE England, through Lon- don, to Chester in the NW.
175. Hyacinthinis: L, "Vermilion" or "Crimson. I I Pound's source has now become The Eparch's Book ofLeo the Wise [cf. 271 below].
176. J1crCl. Aoi;fiAWV: H, " o f great majestic models. " The fake purple is Pound's transla- tion of the Latin in the line above. The idea is a comparison with royal purple because in the early years of cloth-dying only kings could afford it. In the Analects [B. XVII, chap. 18] Kung said: "I hate the way purple spoils Vermilion, I hate the way Chang so- nority confuses the music of the Elegantiae, I hate sharp mouths (the clever yawp, mouths set on profits) that overturn states and families" [CON, 277].
177. Dr. Liddell's: Of the Liddell and Scott Greek dictionary.
178. chastised: Chap. 4 of The Eparch's Book [Ep. B], entitled "Merchants of Silk Stuffs," forbids them to sell to strangers silks colored with dyes reserved for royalty. If they did they should be chastised [CFT, Pai, 2-2, 228-242].
179. coom ben: Slang for L, cum benis, "caught with the goods. "
180. verberator et bonis . . . : L, "flogged and liable to confiscation. "
. . . liable to confiscation. "
182. aurei: Roman coin.
181. 1TmocvEu8w
: H,
"flogged and
183. oeKa vO/. lw/1&rwv: H, "ten aurei. "
184. purpureas vestes: L, "silk merchants. " Professor Nicole's translation into Latin.
? ? ? 604
185. ra ~A. car[<Y. : H, "silk merchants,"
186. avawwc;: H, "shameless,"
187. Dr. Nicole: Professor at the University of Geneva who discovered the manuscript of the book. In 1891 he translated it into both modern Greek and Latin in parallel columns.
188. 11r1 . . ? TL/lf/v: H, "not to raise or lower the price. "
189. "Ao-yiorou~: H, "thoughtless. " 190. J<. C1. 11'r/AEvwv: H, "retail dealers. "
191. arollvA. oc;: H, "hucksters";a'Yopaioc;: H, "forensic. "
192. A&AO~; H, "babbler. "
193. Ideograms: From the top, they are
[M6954], "purple"; [M935], "to go to"; [M6433], "surpass"; and-. [MI346], "vermil- ion. " Freely rendered they mean, "Purple goes far in surpassing red" [cf. 175, 176 above].
194. Tapaxwo17': H, "quarrelsome. "
195. Beaucaire: A town on the west bank of
the Rhone roughly at the center of a triangle formed by Nimes, Avignon, and Aries. On the east bank is a Tarascon, a small commer- cial town prob. filled with hucksters and quarrelsome babblers. Pound mentioned the town in a Lustra poem, "The Gypsy" [P,
96/659-660
201. ii . . . ~eEl: H, "who files the coinage. " The Eparch's Book lists a number of rules governing crimes in the marketplace, fol- lowed by the punishment, which is often a phrase such as "shall be flogged or shaved. "
96/661-662
605
229. that louse G. : Perhaps one of the henchmen of Nero Claudius Caesar, who as a captain of the Praetorian Guard under Tigul- lius (? ) burned Rome in A. D. 64. Or it may be a reference to WWII, in which much was destroyed by bornbing.
230. Palatine: One of the 7 hills of Rome rebuilt in magnificent fashion after the fire.
231. Cx. 7rA,l1oT{a: H, "insatiate desire. "
232. KaKovp,,/{a: H, "Wickedness. "
233. BOAQ\,: H, "dome. "
234. WJl&PCY. : H, "anything with an arched covering. "
235. iY. arjJ&AE(<y'v: H, "stability. "
236. E/J:rretptCxv: H, "experienced. "
237. (JEJ,1? A,WC;: H, "foundation. "
238. oa(Jpor::. : H, "cracked. "
239. Justinian's boy: In 532-537, Jus- tinian I, the son of Justin J, built the Santa Sophia after two previous structures had been destroyed by fire because they were structurally weak. The present one was a fireproof structure, strong in foundation, domes, arches and everything else.
240. Pearson: Norman Holmes P. , English professor at Yale, visited Pound at St. Eliza- beths while he was working on Thrones.
241. Jlil ro Knl;owvov AO~OV: H, "not built on a slant. "
242. Morrison: Robert M. , 1782-1834, au- thor of Chinese Grammar (1814) and Chi- nese Dictionary (6 vols. , 1821).
243. de Saumase: F, "Claude de Saumaise," the French name of Salmasius [87:24]. In a note appended to Nicole's Livre du Prefet Pound read: "Ces le,ons meilleures du Gene- vensis confirment certaines corrections des critiques modernes, de Saumaise et de Reitz. " A rhyme with the names of several other people in The Cantos who, in justice, should be remembered for their contribu? tions [MB, Trace, 364-365] .
119].
222. ~or6v, ~ori)p: H, "beast, herdsman. " 223. Foro Amastriani: L, "Forum. " The
name of the forum.
224. rwv twwvTO! alr{ac:: H, "the vendors of the animals. " The source adds: "Vendors are to declare the patent or latent vices of their animals" [Ep. B, 21-5].
225. askothurarion: H, prob. "of wineskins to carry outside. "
226. AETITOTPrnN: Title of chap 22: "Fine Workers. " Freshfield gives, "Con- tractors. "
227. i:iv~E( . . . AO-Y",V: H, "increase his wages by vain words in argument" [Ep. B, 22-3].
228. orofJ. vA. [a: H, "muzzled. "
196. Jlil
. . .
" n o t
quantities
gold nomisma is payable . . . they shall calcu- late their remuneration at the rate of one keration plus two miliaresia per gold no- misma. " "Bankers" is a misprint for bakers
EarjJpCY. -YWJlEVOV: H, stamped with the prefect's seal. "
197. ~OVAA~: H, "seal. "
198. J<. CtJJ. :rravov ? . . : H, "steelyard . . ,":
from a chapter concerning rules for grocers who sell any article measured by steelyards rather than scales.
199. Ducange: Charles du Fresne Du Cange, 1610-1688, scholar and lexicographer who did basic glossaries of both medieval Greek and Latin.
200. arc/"T~p: H, "stater. " The name of a coin.
service. " "liturgy. "
Potund translates
the word as
202. vel agreed price. "
. . .
: L, "or
raised the
fix the sale price. . . . The sumponos [depu- ty?
] shall receive an order to compel inn- holders to settle their measures and ves- sels. . . . The measure shall contain 30 litres and what is called the mina, 3 litres" [Ep. B, 19-1].
212. 0? VTEpaS wpct. <;: H, "two hours. "
213. iY. arjJ<Y. AiI;ElV: H, "to lock up. "
214. a~E""VE<V . . . : H, "to quench the kettles"; A? {3T/C;: H, "kettle" or "cauldron. "
215. rou o'ivov . . . : H, "to take one's fill of wine" or "to get drunk. "
216. emphorio . . . vigors: Pound transliter~ ates certain Greek words and gives his trans- lation.
217. sunthema: H, "guild. "
218. EKOtWKEo(Jwoav: H, "banished. "
pactum
203. Kmpov . . . : H,'""hoard in a season of scarcity. "
204. EVO[J<tOv: H, "house rent. " In the next line, "house rent of others. " The source reads: "Any grocer who . . . tries to raise the rent of another grocer shall be liable. "
205. leather . . . : The source reads: "and will prepare hides for shoe leather and not for carriage equipment. "
206. Xoirempers: H, "Pork Butchers. " The source says: "[Sheep] butchers are forbid- den to buy swine or store pork. " And, "Any pork butcher introducing his animals into the house of an archon to sell them secretly shall be liable" [Ep. B, 16-4].
207. oiIWv . . . : H, "house of an archon. " 208. ad pretium empti: L, "price to the
buyer. "
209. Kc,m rilv . . . evo~: H, "but for one
nomisma. " The source is concerned with bakers and bread sellers: "Bakers shall sell bread by weight fixed according to the price of corn. . . . They are to buy corn . . . by
. . .
[Ep. B 18-1].
210. Jl~b? Jl'c, . . . : H, "but not for public
. . .
220. B08pnN: H, "agents. "
221. b'CY. ~Jl<Y. ivEr(1(: H, "make clearly. "
upon which the
tax of one
211. (JLKOVOfJ. {CX . ? . : H, "management . . . in a certain manner . . . to sell. " The source for several lines reads: "When wine arrives in the city let the master . . . of the guild of inn- holders . . . warn the eparch so that he may
219.
ty. " The title of chap. 20 of The Eparch's Book, which Pound takes to be about for- eign importers.
TIEPI
: H,
"Concerning
the Depu-
known
? ? 606
96/662-664
244. de Reitz: [Cf. 243 aboveJ. The two names appeared in the essay of Julien d'As- kalon [cf. 246 belowJ .
245. rrvpor: . . -lile;: H, "fire, air, water, and earth," For "hodatas" read hydatos.
246. Julien d'Askalon: J. d'Askalon, author of the Collection of Extracts appended to the Geneva IDS Nicole edited. His comments were arranged under four headings: (I)pre? cautions against fire; (2)airing of solid items to be sold; (3)the uses of water; and (4)the laws ofland ownership.
247. TpCt1Tetwv: H, "at the table. " Because bankers leaned on the tables at which they changed money, the phrase became associ- ated with the process: hence, the modern Greek word for banker is trapezites, or "ex- change table keeper. "
248. ~vpaob? "'Cit: H, "tanners. "
254. e,KuKAwC; . . . : H, "circular edu- cation. "
255. Necephoras: Emperor N. Phocas, 963? 969, who debased the coinage [cf. 114 aboveJ . Pound says he "kolobozed" it.
256. episkeptiks . . . banauson: The control? lers of the currency fought against usorious bankers in an effort to keep interest rates under 12% [Ep. B, 2? notes]. The rates changed over time and according to the use of the money: "Basil I forbade interest to be asked or taken . . . Leo III . . . made the max
care whether you're white or black? " [Catul? Ius, Carmen, 93 has the words reversedJ. The 3 men in these several lines all stood for justice against the injustice of the state.
267. Tully: Cicero.
268. no such blue: Lake Garda's blue water. The villa to which Catullus was banished was at Sirmio on this lake.
269. Ocelle Veronensis: L, "the eye of Ve? rona. " Description of the blue of the water.
270. Leo: 1. the Sixth, known as "the Wise," Byzantine emperor (866? 912). He modernized the works on the law done UD- der Justinian 1.
271. ElIAPXIKON . . . : H, The Eparch's Book: The great legal document uttered by Leo the Wise, 866? 912, to provide some measure of justice in the marketplace. The Byzantine-Greek version was discovered in 1891 by Professor Jules Nicole ref. 187 above], who transcribed it into modern Greek and made both Latin and French translations, published in 1893 as Le Livre du Pn! fet. [The original ms and the Greek and Latin versions are reproduced in Pai, 2? 2, 245? 311. J The book has 22 short chap? ters each devoted to one part of the market? place, including money, banking, food, clothing, and construction. The rules were designed to prevent one part of the public from victimizing another. This is the earliest
known document to deal with such matters in specific detail. The eparchy was an admin? istrative district reaching 100 miles in all directions from Constantinople. The book opens with a formulary preamble saying the work was done by direction of "the Serene Emepror following the examples of God for the good of all subjects, the tranquiIlity of the state.
