He
is sometimes confused with Johann Friedrich
Hahn, an occasional poet, born about 1750,
died in 1779.
is sometimes confused with Johann Friedrich
Hahn, an occasional poet, born about 1750,
died in 1779.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
C.
, May 4.
1866. In early life he was a leading Polish
patriot, and an instigator of the revolution of
1830. Later he became an advocate of Pan-
slavism, and was employed in Russia. In 1841
he left the latter country and studied in Ber-
lin, and in Bern, Switzerland. In 1849 he came
to the United States, and from 1861 to 1863
was a translator in the State Department at
Washington. Among his works, several of
which were written in French and German,
are : "Civilization and Russia' (1840); Pan-
slavism) (1848); (Russia as It Is) (1854); (The
Turkish Question' (1854); My Diary: Notes
on the Civil War) (1862 to 1866).
Guseck, Bernd von (gös'ek), pseudonym
of Gustave von Berneck, a German novelist
and writer on military topics; born in Kirch-
hain, Niederlausitz, Oct. 28, 1803; died at
Berlin, July 8, 1871. His novels have for
the most part a historical background, and
are meritorious without being great. (The
Hand of the Stranger,' (The First Robbery in
Germany,' and Katharina von Schwarzburg,
are noteworthy in a somewhat extended list.
He wrote a play or two, translated Dante's
(Divine Comedy,' and completed a history of
the art of war.
Gustafson, Zadel Barnes Buddington. An
American poet and prose-writer; born in Mid-
dletown, Conn. , about 1841. Her poem Little
Martin Craghan) was very popular. Among
her well-known works are: Can the Old
(
## p. 241 (#257) ############################################
GUSTAV VOM SEE-GYULAI
241
Love ? ) (1871); Meg, a Pastoral); and other
poems, 1879.
Gustav vom See (gös'täf vom sā), pseudonym
of Gustav von Struensee. A German novelist;
born in Greifenberg, Pomerania, Dec. 13, 1803;
died at Breslau, Sept. 29, 1875. He gave up
law to write the series of romances and nov-
els - notably "Rancé, (The Siege of Rheinfels,
and “The Egoists) – which have given him a
name.
Guthrie, James Cargill. A Scotch poet;
born in Forfarshire, Aug. 27, 1814; a promi-
nent clergyman, but for years a librarian at
Dundee. He has written some exceedingly
happy studies in verse, - ( Village Scenes)
(1851), “Wedded Love) (1865), and (Woodland
Echoes) (1878); besides a volume on (Old
Scottish Customs) (1885), a pleasing work in
prose.
Guthrie, Thomas A. See Anstey.
Gutierrez, Antonio Garcia (gö-tē-ār'eth).
A Spanish dramatist; born in Chiclana, Cadiz,
in 1812; died at Madrid, Aug. 26, 1884. He
gave up medicine for the profession of letters;
living at first in great destitution, until the
play (El Trovador) made him famous and
immensely popular. He visited the United
States in 1844. Later he became a theatrical
manager in Madrid, writing (The Campaign
of Huesca, (The Page, and other noble tra-
gedies.
Guttinguer, Ulric (gü-tang-wā'). A French
poet, journalist, and man of letters; born in
Rouen in 1785; died at Paris, Sept. 21, 1866.
He was an extreme partisan of the romantic
school. He won fame with Nadir,' a collec-
tion of criticisms, and essays on literary and
sentimental subjects. His masterpiece, how-
ever, is the volume of Poetic Miscellany,' ori-
ginally contributed to the Muse Française.
He wrote several novels, a (Dithyrambon
Lord Byron's Death,' impressions of travel,
and much fugitive verse.
Gutzkow, Karl Ferdinand (götsſko). A
German poet, journalist, dramatist, and critic;
born in Berlin, March 17, 1811; died at Sachs-
enhausen, near Frankfort on the Main, Dec. 16,
1878. He was an early and thorough student
of history and literature. His essay "On the
Fate-Decreeing Deities) (De Diis Fatalibus)
won him a prize and reputation; and his next
performance, The Forum of Literature and the
Press,' obtained for him a place as assistant
to Wolfgang Menzel, then the greatest editor
in Stuttgart. (The Letters of a Fool of a Man
to a Fool of a Woman,' and a fanciful tale,
(Maha Gurn, the Story of a God,' were very
popular. He incurred the censure of the au-
thorities, and brought about a rupture with
Menzel, by injudicious utterances in his journal;
and was thrown into prison, where he wrote
his Philosophy of History. He had already
brought out his (Wally, the Skeptic,' a novel
which added as much to his troubles as to
his fame. His plays are considered his best
work: notably Queue and Sword,' a comedy;
(Uriel Acosta,' a tragedy; (The King's Lieu-
tenant,' a drama in which the young Goethe
is portrayed; and five or six others. Of his
novels, 'Die Ritter vom Geiste) (The Knights
of the Soul) and (The Magician of Rome)
have attained a wide popular circulation and
influence.
Guyot, Arnold Henry (gē-o'). A Swiss
geographer and author; born near Neuchâtel,
Switzerland, Sept. 28, 1807; died at Princeton,
N. J. , Feb. 8, 1884. He studied at several Eu-
ropean universities, and graduated as Ph. D.
from Berlin in 1835. After four years of study
in Paris he became the colleague of Agassiz
at the Academy of Neuchâtel, as professor of
physical geography there. He removed to the
United States in 1848, and from 1854 till his
death was professor of physical geography at
Princeton, N. J. Among his numerous works
are : (Earth and Man) (1849); (Directions for
Meteorological Observations) (1850); a series
of school geographies (1866-75); (A Memoir of
Louis Agassiz) (1883); Biblical Cosmogony)
(1884).
Gyllembourg - Ehrensvärd, Thomasine
Christine, Countess (gul'em-börg" a'rens-
vėrd"'). A Danish writer of fiction; born
(Buntzen) in Copenhagen, Nov. 19, 1773; died
there (? ), July 2, 1856. Her first marriage at
16 being annulled at 25 by her husband's exile
for liberalism, she married a Swedish noble-
man, who, implicated in Gustavus III. 's assas-
sination, had taken refuge in Denmark. At 53
she wrote her first novel, the Polonius Family,
as a contribution to her son's paper; and its
success induced the production of Dream and
Reality, (Two Ages, and many others that
made her famous. She signed herself “The
Author of Every-Day History, and concealed
her identity until death.
Gyp. See Martel de Janville.
Gyulai, Pál (jöʻli). A Hungarian poet and
critic; born at Klausenburg in 1826. He began
as a journalist. Later he was made professor
of Hungarian literature at the University of
Buda-Pesth. His works include "The Life of
Vörösmarty,' Memorial Addresses, and many
literary studies and criticisms. His collected
poems appeared in 1867, in a volume entitled
(Sketches and Pictures. ' For many years past
he has been at work upon a satirical poem
scathing the present age and its follies, called
(Romhányi) and modeled upon Byron. He
edits the Buda-Pesth Szemle, a monthly maga-
zine.
16
## p. 242 (#258) ############################################
242
HAAR- HAGEDORN
H
Haar, Bernard ter (här). A Dutch poet;
born in Amsterdam, June 13, 1806; died at Velp,
near Arnheim, Nov. 19, 1880. For a time he
held the professorship of church history at the
Utrecht University. His work, chiefly on the
subject of Christianity and its development, is
characterized by elegance of diction and wealth
of imagery. His Herbert and Clara,' first pub-
lished in 1844, is now one of the most popular
pieces of verse with the people of the Nether-
lands. His other works include Eliza's Flight,
and a collected edition of the various poems.
Habberton, John. An American journalist
and novelist; born at Brooklyn, N. Y. , Feb.
24, 1842. After service in the Civil War, he
became literary editor of the Christian Union
(1874), and editorial writer on the New York
Herald (1877). His best known novel is
(Helen's Babies) (1876), of which over 150,000
copies were sold. Among the others are: “The
Barton Experiment) (1876); (The Worst Boy
in Town) (1880); (Mrs. Mayburn's Twins)
(1882); “Who was Paul Grayson ? ) (Brueton's
Bayou'; 'Grown-Up Babies.
Haberstich, Samuel. See Bitter.
Habicht, Ludwig (häb'icht). A German
novelist; born in Sprottau, July 23, 1830. His
first success was the novel (The Town Clerk
of Liegnitz, which still remains his best-known
work; but among his popular fictions, “Will
and World,' (In the Sunshine,' and Before
the Storm, are worthy of special mention.
Hackett, Horatio Balch. A distinguished
American Baptist divine; born at Salisbury,
Mass. , Dec. 27, 1808; died at Rochester, N. Y. ,
Nov. 2, 1875. He was one of the committee
of New Testament revision, and with Ezra
Abbot edited the American edition of Smith's
(Bible Dictionary) (1868–70). His chief work
was a Commentary on Acts) (1851); besides
which he wrote Memorials of Christian Men
in the War) (1864); (Tour in the Holy Land'
(new ed. 1882); etc.
Hackett, James Henry. A famous Ameri.
can actor; born at New York, March 15, 1800 ;
died at Jamaica, N. Y. , Dec. 28, 1871. He was
particularly successful in impersonating Yan-
kees and Westerners, but was best known by
his Falstaff, which he played first about 1832.
He wrote (Notes and Comments on Shakes-
peare ) (1863).
Hackländer, Friedrich Wilhelm von (häk'-
len-der). A German romance-writer and hu-
morist; born 1816; died 1877. He was in both
military and mercantile life for a time, and
based some of his most popular works on his
personal experiences. Among his writings are:
(Scenes of Military Life); (The Soldier's Life
in Peace); (Traffic and Trade) (Handel und
Wandel); Anonymous Stories); Pilgrimage to
Mecca'; (Pictures of Life): Forbidden Fruit. ?
His position in German literature is one of
great distinction.
Hadlaub, Johann (häd’loub). A German
writer of pleasing minne or love songs; four-
ished about 1400; lived mostly in or near Zü-
rich. His poetry is of special historical value
as affording our sole insight into some customs
of private life and the way they were then
viewed. Harvests and autumn scenes also af-
ford him themes for attractive lines.
Hadley, Arthur Twining. An American
political economist, son of the noted professor
of Greek at Yale ; born at New Haven, Conn. ,
April 23, 1856. He has published: (Railroad
Transportation (1885); “Private Property and
Public Welfare); and a manual of Economics.
Haeckel, Ernst (hek'el). A German natur-
alist of the first rank, born at Potsdam, Feb.
16, 1834. His purely scientific works have been
translated into many languages. His popular
books include : "On the Division of Labor
in Nature and Human Life) (1869); "On the
Origin and Genealogy of the Human Race)
(1870); Life in the Great Marine Animals)
(1870); (The Arabian Corals) (1873); (The
System of the Medusa' (1880); and (A Visit
to Ceylon. *
Haffner, Karl (häf'ner). An Austrian play-
wright; born in Königsberg, Nov. 8, 1804; died
at Vienna, Feb. 29, 1876. He went on the
stage at 16, and rose rapidly to eminence. He
wrote a hundred or so dramatic pieces of vari-
ous kinds; (Theresa Krones) alone merits
notice, the others being local and ephemeral.
Hāfiz, Khwaja Shams-ad-din Muhammad
(Pers. pro. hâ-fiz). Persia's famous lyric poet;
born at Shiraz, about 1300; died there, 1389.
The most complete English edition of his
works is that of H. Wilberforce Clarke : (The
Divān i Hāfiz, Translated (1891). Hāfiz seems
to be most characteristic in his many “Ghazels)
or odes, whose themes are his own emotions.
Sir William Jones was one of the first English
translators. Other English translations include:
(Selections from Hāfiz) (1875), by H. Bicknell;
(Persian Poetry for English Readers) (pri-
vately printed, 1883), by S. Robinson; (Ghazels
from the Divan of Hāfiz) (1893), by Justin
Huntley McCarthy. There is a complete Ger-
man translation by V. von Rosenzweig (3 vols. ,
1856-64). *
Hagedorn, Friedrich von (hä'ge-dorn). A
German poet; born at Hamburg, April 23,
1708; died there, Oct. 28, 1754. He was suc-
cessively in diplomacy, law, and trade, giving
:
## p. 243 (#259) ############################################
HAGGARD-HALE
243
3
his leisure to literature. A volume of Poetry,
Fables, and Narratives,' in 1738, after Lafon-
taine's style, was well received, and followed
by (Odes and Songs, and versified tales of a
moral tendency. He is noted for good taste
and a pleasing style.
Haggard, Henry Rider. An English nov-
elist; born at Beadenham, Norfolk, June 22,
1856. His long residence in South Africa
afforded him much of the material for his
fictions. (King Solomon's Mines) (1885) and
Allan Quatermain) (1887) were not particu-
larly successful; but (She, an extravaganza of
adventure and supernaturalism, made his name
really celebrated, His later works include (Mr.
Meeson's Will,? (Cleopatra, (The World's De-
sire,' and some others.
Hague, Arnold. An American geologist;
born in Boston, Dec. 3, 1840; graduated at the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale (1863); after
which he studied three years at the univer-
sities of Göttingen and leidelberg. In 1867
he was appointed assistant geologist on the
United States geological exploration of the 40th
parallel, under Clarence King. In part, his
published works are: (The Volcanoes of Cal-
ifornia, Oregon, and Washington Territory)
(1883); (The Volcanic Rocks of the Great
Basin (1884); (The Volcanic Rocks of Salva-
dor); Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks
of Washoe.
Hague, William. An American clergyman
and prose-writer; born in Pelham, N. Y. , Jan.
4, 1808; died in Boston, Aug. 1, 1887. He held
pastorates in Baptist churches in Utica, N. Y. ,
Boston, Providence, and New York; and was
professor of homiletics in the Baptist Theo-
logical Seminary at Chicago in 1869. Besides
his writings on religion, he published (Ralph
Waldo Emerson, and Life Notes, or Fifty
Years' Outlook. )
Hahn, Yelena Andreyevna (hän). A Rus-
sian novelist ; born (Fadeyev) in 1814; died at
St Petersburg in 1842. Of her stories, (Ut-
balla, (The World's Judgment,' and (Theo-
phania, are the most important.
Hahn, Ludwig Philipp (hän). A German
dramatist; born in Trippstedt, Pfalz, March 22,
1746; died at Zweibrücken, 1814. His trage-
dies (Count Karl of Adelsberg) and (Robert
von Hohenecken) are his ablest efforts. He
belongs to the storm and stress) period of
German literature, and displays its traits.
He
is sometimes confused with Johann Friedrich
Hahn, an occasional poet, born about 1750,
died in 1779.
Hahn-Hahn, Ida von, Countess (hän hän).
A German novelist; born at Tressow, Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, June 22, 1805; died at Mainz,
May 12, 1880. Domestic troubles involving a
separation from her husband turned her mind
to travel and literature. The scenes familiar
to her were reproduced in her novels, which
met with popular favor, particularly (Ulrich)
and (Two Women. At the height of her
career she became a convert to the Catholic
faith. She now produced various books of a
proselytizing nature, and in 1852 took the veil.
Her death took place in a convent founded
by herself.
Hake, Thomas Gordon. An English poet
and physician; born in Leeds, in 1809; died in
London, Jan. II, 1895. He took his medical
degree at Glasgow University in 1831, and
practiced his profession in East Anglia, later
becoming the physician and friend of Dante
Gabriel Rossetti. His poetry is thoroughly
original, but quaint, vague, and subtly philo-
sophical. His works include : (Poetic Lucubra-
tions) (1828); “Vates: A Prose Epic) (1839);
(New Symbols,' verse (1875); (Maiden Ecstasy,
verse (1880); (A Divine Pastoral (1883).
Hakluyt, Richard (hakʼlöt). An eminent
English geographer; born in Herefordshire (or
London ? ) in 1552 or 1553; died Oct. (or Nov. )
23, 1616. He had a passion for and keen insight
into cosmographic questions; and introduced
globes into English schools. He took holy
orders, and held befitting positions under gove
ernment. In 1598 appeared his great history
of the important voyages of English seamen.
The Hakluyt Society, of London, which pub-
lishes old and rare books on geography and
navigation, was named in his honor. *
Halderman, Samuel Stehman. An Ameri-
can naturalist and prose-writer; born in Locust
Grove, Pa. , Aug. 12, 1812; died in Chickies,
Pa. , Sept. 10, 1880. He was the first to hold
the chair of comparative philology at the
University of Pennsylvania; was a member of
many scientific societies, and was editor of the
Pennsylvania Farmers' Journal. Among his pub-
lished works are: (Zoological Contributions
(1842-43); (Rhymes of the Poets,' published
under the pen-name of “Felix Ago » (1868);
(Pennsylvania Dutch) (1872); (Outlines of Ety-
mology) (1877); and (Word Building (1881).
Hale, Edward Everett. A distinguished
American divine and prose-writer; born April
3, 1822, in Boston, Mass. , where he now re-
sides. He has strongly impressed his individu-
ality upon his time. He is singularly felicitous
as a writer of short stories, among which the
most widely read are: My Double and How
He Undid Me); (The Man Without a Coun-
try); (The Skeleton in the Closet); (Ten
Times One Is Ten); (In His Name. One
well-known collection is entitled (The Ing-
ham Papers. Among his longer stories are :
(Philip Nolan's Friends); (Mr. Tangier's Va-
cations); (Ups and Downs. His occasional
papers and writings for periodicals are exceed-
ingly numerous; and as pastor of the South
Congregational (Unitarian) Church of Boston,
his influence has been marked, and his name is
familiarly known and cherished throughout the
United States. *
Hale, Horatio. An American ethnologist
and lawyer; born in rt, N. H. , Ma 3,
1817; died in Clinton, Canada, 1896. Shortly
## p. 244 (#260) ############################################
HALE- HALL
244
after graduating at Harvard he was made phi-
lologist to the government exploring expedition
under Capt. Wilkes, and studied the languages
of the Pacific Islands, North and South Amer-
ica, Australia, and Africa. The results of his
observations were published in Ethnography
and Philology) (1846). From 1855 he practiced
law at Clinton. His other works are : Indian
Migrations as Evidenced by Language) (1883);
(The Iroquois Book of Rites) (1883); "A Report
on Blackfoot Tribes) (1885).
Hale, Lucretia Peabody. An American au-
thor, sister of E. E. Hale; born in Boston, Mass. ,
Sept. 2, 1820. She has published, among other
works, (The Lord's Supper and its Observance)
(1866); (The Service of Sorrow) (1867); (The
Wolf at the Door) in the No Name Series)
(1877); (The Peterkin Papers) (1882); (The
Last of the Peterkins) (1886). She also wrote
(The New Harry and Lucy) (with E. E. Hale).
Her chief fame is as the creator of the Peter-
kins, who have become popularly recognized
types of character.
Hale, Sarah Josepha (Buell). An Ameri-
can editor and writer; born in Newport, N. H. ,
Oct. 24, 1788; died in Philadelphia, April 30,
1879. From 1828 until 1837 she edited the
Ladies'. Magazine, which was then merged into
Godey's Lady's Book, of which she became edi-
tor. Among her publications are: (Sketches
of all Distinguished Women from the Creation
to the Present Day) (1853); (The Genius of
Oblivion, and Other Poems'; Northwood, a
novel (1827); (Sketches of American Charac-
ter); (Traits of American Life); and many
others.
Hale, Susan. An American artist, writer of
travels, and biographer, sister of E. E. Hale ;
born at Boston, 1838. She has written (Life
and Letters of Thomas Gold Appleton) (1885).
With her brother she wrote the 'Family Flight)
series of travels for young people.
Hálek Vitèzlav (häl’ek). A Czech poet;
born at Dolinek, Bohemia, April 5, 1835; died
at Prague, Oct. 8, 1874. His lyric poems have
met with wider, appreciation than his stories
among his countrymen. His plays have been
staged with success. His best poetry appears
in a volume entitled (Nature. )
Halévy, Ludovic (ä-lā-vē'). A French nov-
elist and dramatist of Jewish extraction; born
at Paris, Jan. I, 1834. At first adopting an official
career, the success of his librettos for Offen-
bach turned him towards the drama, where he
won fame and fortune. With Henri Meilhac
he collaborated in works unique even on the
French stage. His peculiar gift is an irony
exquisitely adapted to a French audience : "La
Belle Hélène) and (The Grand Duchess of
Gérolstein) are instances. In 1882 appeared
"L'Abbé Constantin,' a novel which has been
enormously successful. He has since written
three or four others, besides sketches; and in
dramatic trifles he is most prolific. He became
a member of the Academy in 1886. *
Haliburton, Thomas Chandler. ["Sam
Slick. ”] A Canadian author; born at Wind-
sor, Nova Scotia, in 1796; died at Isleworth,
near London, Aug. 27, 1865. Originally a lawyer,
he became a judge in Nova Scotia. In addition
to his famous (Sam Slick) papers (1835) he
produced serious historical and sociological
books, dealing principally with conditions in
Nova Scotia. He removed to England after
resigning his colonial judgeship, and was a
Member of Parliament in 1859. *
Hall, Ann Maria Fielding, Mrs. An Irish
writer of fiction, wife of Samuel C. ; born at
Dublin, Jan. 6, 1800; died Jan. 30, 1881. At one
time her novels and short stories of Irish life
enjoyed great popularity. Besides the works
written in collaboration with her husband (for
which see his name) she published : “Sketches
of Irish Character) (1829); (The Buccaneer)
(1832); Lights and Shadows of Irish Life)
(1838); (Tales of the Irish Peasantry' (1840).
Of her dramas the most successful was (The
French Refugee, produced in 1837.
Hall, Basil. A British naval officer and
traveler; born at Edinburgh, Dec. 31, 1788;
died at Portsmouth, England, Sept. 11, 1844.
He accompanied Lord Amherst's embassy to
China (1815-17), assisting in important explora-
tions of the eastern seas; and visited the United
States in 1827. He wrote: (Voyage of Dis-
covery to the West Coast of Corea, etc. ) (1818);
(Travels 'in North America) (1829); Frag-
ments of Voyages and Travels) (1831-33), his
best work; and others.
Hall, Christopher Newman. An English
clergyman and religious writer; born at Maid-
stone, May 22, 1816. He is minister of Christ
Church in Hull. He was a stanch friend of
the Northern cause during the Civil War, and
afterwards made two extensive tours in the
United States to allay the bitter feeling towards
Great Britain. Of his religious writings a devo-
tional treatise, Come to Jesus, is the best
known, having had a circulation of 3,000,000
in twenty languages. He has also written :
(Antidote to Fear); (Homeward Bound);
(Land of the Forum and Vatican' (1854);
(Pilgrim Songs in Cloud and Sunshine' (1871);
(Gethsemane.
Hall, Charles Winslow. An American law.
yer, and writer of romance and adventure;
born 184- He has written : (Arctic Rovings)
(1861); (Twice Taken (1867); (Adrift in the
Icefields) (1877); Drifting Round the World'
(1881).
Hall, Fitzedward. An American philolo-
gist; born in Troy, N. Y. , March 21, 1825. He
graduated from Harvard in 1846. He spent
many years in India, and made a thorough
study of its tongues, contributing to local jour-
nals original translations in prose and verse. ,
He had the D. C. L. from Oxford in 1860. Set-
tling in London in 1862, he accepted the chair
of Sanskrit and Indian jurisprudence in King's
College. He was the first American to edit a
## p. 245 (#261) ############################################
HALL-HALLOWELL
245
Sanskrit text. Professor Hall discovered the
supposed lost works : Bhârata's Nâtyasástra,
Marshaacharita,' and a complete copy of the
valuable (Brihaddevatâ. His contributions to
our knowledge of Hindu and allied literatures
are of inestimable value, and his text-books in
this field are valuable and authoritative. He
is one of the chief collaborators in Dr. Mur-
ray's great "Etymological Dictionary. )
Hall, Gertrude. An American poet and
writer of short stories; born 186- Her home
is in Boston. She has written: Far from
To-day, a collection of short stories; (Alle-
gretto,' a book of verse; (Foam of the Sea,
and Other Tales); etc.
Hall, Granville Stanley. An American
educator and psychologist; born at Ashfield,
Mass. , about 1845. From 1872 to 1876 he
was professor of psychology in Antioch Col-
lege, Ohio, and in 1882 became a professor of
that subject in Johns Hopkins University at
Baltimore. On the establishment of Clark Uni-
versity at Worcester, Mass. , he was made its
president. He is the editor of the American
Journal of Psychology and the Pedagogical
Seminary, and the author of "Aspects of German
Culture) (1881); (Hints toward a Bibliography
of Education (1886), with J. M. Mansfield;
(How to Teach Reading. '
Hall, John. An American clergyman and
religious writer; born in County Armagh, Ire-
land, July 31, 1829. He became pastor of a
Presbyterian church in Armagh in 1852, and
in 1858 of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. In 1867
he was called to the Fifth Avenue Church,
New York city. His works include: (Family
Prayers for Four Weeks) (1868); (Papers for
Home Reading) (1871); 'Questions of the Day)
(1873); (Foundation Stones for Young Build-
ers) (1879).
Hall, Samuel Carter. An English editor
and miscellaneous writer; born at Topsham,
Devonshire, England, in 1801; died March 16,
1889. For over forty years he was the editor
of the Art Journal, which he founded in 1839.
In collaboration with his wife (see Ann Maria)
he published the well-known work, Ireland,
its Scenery and Character) (1841-43); (Book
of Royalty) (1838); (A Woman's Story' (1857);
(The Book of the Thames) (1859); (A Com-
panion to Killarney) (1878); and others. His
separate works were : (A Book of Memories);
Book of British Ballads); "Baronial Halls. )
Hallam, Henry. An English historian;
born at Windsor, July 9, 1777 ; died at Pick-
hurst, Kent, Jan. 21, 1859. He was of astonish-
ing precocity both in reading and in composi-
tion; graduated from Oxford at 22, and at
once settled down to the bar; but marrying
one fortune and inheriting another, retired
from legal practice and devoted himself to
history. In 1818 the appearance of (A View
of the State of Europe during the Middle
Ages' gave him an instant and enduring fame
such as no other mere compilation has ever
won for a writer; a result due to the sagacity
judgment, and impartiality it displays. Nine
years later came the Constitutional History
of England, continuing the last chapter of his
(Middle Ages); and in 1837-39 the Intro-
duction to the Literature of Europe during the
Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Cen-
turies. ' *
Halleck, Fitz-Greene. An American poet;
born in Guilford, Conn. , July 8, 1790; died
there, Nov. 19, 1867. He was one of the origi-
nal trustees of the Astor Library, and held
other posts of responsibility in connection with
it. His best-known poems include: Marco
Bozzaris) (1827), and (Fanny. He was joint
author with Joseph Rodman Drake of the
(Croaker) papers, which appeared in a New
York newspaper in 1819. *
Haller, Albrecht von (häl'ler). A Swiss
German botanist, physiologist, and poet; was
born at Bern, Oct. 16, 1708; and died there,
Dec. 12, 1777. His scientific writings form a
considerable part of the literature of his several
specialties; but the most charming of these is
his work as a poet. His celebrated lines on
( The Alps) have been quoted as an example
of great strength of imagery. His poem "On
the Origin of Evil) shows no falling off in
power. In his later years he wrote some po-
litical novels, among them (Alfred, King of
the Anglo-Saxons) (1773).
Hallevi. Jehudah (hä'lā-vē). A Spanish-
Jewish poet, physician, astronomer, and mathe-
matician, under the Arabic caliphate ; born in
Toledo, in 1080 (? ); died at Jerusalem, about
1150. *
Halliday, Samuel Byram. An American
Congregational minister; born in New Jersey,
1812. He was for nearly twenty years assist-
ant of Henry Ward Beecher at Plymouth
Church, Brooklyn. He has written (The Lit-
tle Street Sweeper); (The Lost and Found)
(1859); “Winning Souls) (1873); (The Church
in America and its Baptisms of Fire); etc.
Halliwell-Phillipps, James Orchard. An
eminent English Shakespearian and antiqua-
rian; born in London, June 21, 1820; died
near Brighton, Jan. 3, 1889. He devoted his
life and large wealth to research among old
records for traces of Shakespeare, publishing
private editions of Shakespeariana, buying
singly or with others Shakespeare buildings at
Stratford, etc. ; and to editing old English
works. A large part of the verified knowledge
of Shakespeare's personality we possess is due
to him.
Hallock, Charles. An American journalist;
born in New York, 1834. He was founder and
proprietor (1873-80) of Forest and Stream.
He has written "The Fishing Tourist (1873),
a guide for anglers; (Camp Life in Florida)
(1875); (Our New Alaska) (1886); etc.
Hallock, William Allen.
1866. In early life he was a leading Polish
patriot, and an instigator of the revolution of
1830. Later he became an advocate of Pan-
slavism, and was employed in Russia. In 1841
he left the latter country and studied in Ber-
lin, and in Bern, Switzerland. In 1849 he came
to the United States, and from 1861 to 1863
was a translator in the State Department at
Washington. Among his works, several of
which were written in French and German,
are : "Civilization and Russia' (1840); Pan-
slavism) (1848); (Russia as It Is) (1854); (The
Turkish Question' (1854); My Diary: Notes
on the Civil War) (1862 to 1866).
Guseck, Bernd von (gös'ek), pseudonym
of Gustave von Berneck, a German novelist
and writer on military topics; born in Kirch-
hain, Niederlausitz, Oct. 28, 1803; died at
Berlin, July 8, 1871. His novels have for
the most part a historical background, and
are meritorious without being great. (The
Hand of the Stranger,' (The First Robbery in
Germany,' and Katharina von Schwarzburg,
are noteworthy in a somewhat extended list.
He wrote a play or two, translated Dante's
(Divine Comedy,' and completed a history of
the art of war.
Gustafson, Zadel Barnes Buddington. An
American poet and prose-writer; born in Mid-
dletown, Conn. , about 1841. Her poem Little
Martin Craghan) was very popular. Among
her well-known works are: Can the Old
(
## p. 241 (#257) ############################################
GUSTAV VOM SEE-GYULAI
241
Love ? ) (1871); Meg, a Pastoral); and other
poems, 1879.
Gustav vom See (gös'täf vom sā), pseudonym
of Gustav von Struensee. A German novelist;
born in Greifenberg, Pomerania, Dec. 13, 1803;
died at Breslau, Sept. 29, 1875. He gave up
law to write the series of romances and nov-
els - notably "Rancé, (The Siege of Rheinfels,
and “The Egoists) – which have given him a
name.
Guthrie, James Cargill. A Scotch poet;
born in Forfarshire, Aug. 27, 1814; a promi-
nent clergyman, but for years a librarian at
Dundee. He has written some exceedingly
happy studies in verse, - ( Village Scenes)
(1851), “Wedded Love) (1865), and (Woodland
Echoes) (1878); besides a volume on (Old
Scottish Customs) (1885), a pleasing work in
prose.
Guthrie, Thomas A. See Anstey.
Gutierrez, Antonio Garcia (gö-tē-ār'eth).
A Spanish dramatist; born in Chiclana, Cadiz,
in 1812; died at Madrid, Aug. 26, 1884. He
gave up medicine for the profession of letters;
living at first in great destitution, until the
play (El Trovador) made him famous and
immensely popular. He visited the United
States in 1844. Later he became a theatrical
manager in Madrid, writing (The Campaign
of Huesca, (The Page, and other noble tra-
gedies.
Guttinguer, Ulric (gü-tang-wā'). A French
poet, journalist, and man of letters; born in
Rouen in 1785; died at Paris, Sept. 21, 1866.
He was an extreme partisan of the romantic
school. He won fame with Nadir,' a collec-
tion of criticisms, and essays on literary and
sentimental subjects. His masterpiece, how-
ever, is the volume of Poetic Miscellany,' ori-
ginally contributed to the Muse Française.
He wrote several novels, a (Dithyrambon
Lord Byron's Death,' impressions of travel,
and much fugitive verse.
Gutzkow, Karl Ferdinand (götsſko). A
German poet, journalist, dramatist, and critic;
born in Berlin, March 17, 1811; died at Sachs-
enhausen, near Frankfort on the Main, Dec. 16,
1878. He was an early and thorough student
of history and literature. His essay "On the
Fate-Decreeing Deities) (De Diis Fatalibus)
won him a prize and reputation; and his next
performance, The Forum of Literature and the
Press,' obtained for him a place as assistant
to Wolfgang Menzel, then the greatest editor
in Stuttgart. (The Letters of a Fool of a Man
to a Fool of a Woman,' and a fanciful tale,
(Maha Gurn, the Story of a God,' were very
popular. He incurred the censure of the au-
thorities, and brought about a rupture with
Menzel, by injudicious utterances in his journal;
and was thrown into prison, where he wrote
his Philosophy of History. He had already
brought out his (Wally, the Skeptic,' a novel
which added as much to his troubles as to
his fame. His plays are considered his best
work: notably Queue and Sword,' a comedy;
(Uriel Acosta,' a tragedy; (The King's Lieu-
tenant,' a drama in which the young Goethe
is portrayed; and five or six others. Of his
novels, 'Die Ritter vom Geiste) (The Knights
of the Soul) and (The Magician of Rome)
have attained a wide popular circulation and
influence.
Guyot, Arnold Henry (gē-o'). A Swiss
geographer and author; born near Neuchâtel,
Switzerland, Sept. 28, 1807; died at Princeton,
N. J. , Feb. 8, 1884. He studied at several Eu-
ropean universities, and graduated as Ph. D.
from Berlin in 1835. After four years of study
in Paris he became the colleague of Agassiz
at the Academy of Neuchâtel, as professor of
physical geography there. He removed to the
United States in 1848, and from 1854 till his
death was professor of physical geography at
Princeton, N. J. Among his numerous works
are : (Earth and Man) (1849); (Directions for
Meteorological Observations) (1850); a series
of school geographies (1866-75); (A Memoir of
Louis Agassiz) (1883); Biblical Cosmogony)
(1884).
Gyllembourg - Ehrensvärd, Thomasine
Christine, Countess (gul'em-börg" a'rens-
vėrd"'). A Danish writer of fiction; born
(Buntzen) in Copenhagen, Nov. 19, 1773; died
there (? ), July 2, 1856. Her first marriage at
16 being annulled at 25 by her husband's exile
for liberalism, she married a Swedish noble-
man, who, implicated in Gustavus III. 's assas-
sination, had taken refuge in Denmark. At 53
she wrote her first novel, the Polonius Family,
as a contribution to her son's paper; and its
success induced the production of Dream and
Reality, (Two Ages, and many others that
made her famous. She signed herself “The
Author of Every-Day History, and concealed
her identity until death.
Gyp. See Martel de Janville.
Gyulai, Pál (jöʻli). A Hungarian poet and
critic; born at Klausenburg in 1826. He began
as a journalist. Later he was made professor
of Hungarian literature at the University of
Buda-Pesth. His works include "The Life of
Vörösmarty,' Memorial Addresses, and many
literary studies and criticisms. His collected
poems appeared in 1867, in a volume entitled
(Sketches and Pictures. ' For many years past
he has been at work upon a satirical poem
scathing the present age and its follies, called
(Romhányi) and modeled upon Byron. He
edits the Buda-Pesth Szemle, a monthly maga-
zine.
16
## p. 242 (#258) ############################################
242
HAAR- HAGEDORN
H
Haar, Bernard ter (här). A Dutch poet;
born in Amsterdam, June 13, 1806; died at Velp,
near Arnheim, Nov. 19, 1880. For a time he
held the professorship of church history at the
Utrecht University. His work, chiefly on the
subject of Christianity and its development, is
characterized by elegance of diction and wealth
of imagery. His Herbert and Clara,' first pub-
lished in 1844, is now one of the most popular
pieces of verse with the people of the Nether-
lands. His other works include Eliza's Flight,
and a collected edition of the various poems.
Habberton, John. An American journalist
and novelist; born at Brooklyn, N. Y. , Feb.
24, 1842. After service in the Civil War, he
became literary editor of the Christian Union
(1874), and editorial writer on the New York
Herald (1877). His best known novel is
(Helen's Babies) (1876), of which over 150,000
copies were sold. Among the others are: “The
Barton Experiment) (1876); (The Worst Boy
in Town) (1880); (Mrs. Mayburn's Twins)
(1882); “Who was Paul Grayson ? ) (Brueton's
Bayou'; 'Grown-Up Babies.
Haberstich, Samuel. See Bitter.
Habicht, Ludwig (häb'icht). A German
novelist; born in Sprottau, July 23, 1830. His
first success was the novel (The Town Clerk
of Liegnitz, which still remains his best-known
work; but among his popular fictions, “Will
and World,' (In the Sunshine,' and Before
the Storm, are worthy of special mention.
Hackett, Horatio Balch. A distinguished
American Baptist divine; born at Salisbury,
Mass. , Dec. 27, 1808; died at Rochester, N. Y. ,
Nov. 2, 1875. He was one of the committee
of New Testament revision, and with Ezra
Abbot edited the American edition of Smith's
(Bible Dictionary) (1868–70). His chief work
was a Commentary on Acts) (1851); besides
which he wrote Memorials of Christian Men
in the War) (1864); (Tour in the Holy Land'
(new ed. 1882); etc.
Hackett, James Henry. A famous Ameri.
can actor; born at New York, March 15, 1800 ;
died at Jamaica, N. Y. , Dec. 28, 1871. He was
particularly successful in impersonating Yan-
kees and Westerners, but was best known by
his Falstaff, which he played first about 1832.
He wrote (Notes and Comments on Shakes-
peare ) (1863).
Hackländer, Friedrich Wilhelm von (häk'-
len-der). A German romance-writer and hu-
morist; born 1816; died 1877. He was in both
military and mercantile life for a time, and
based some of his most popular works on his
personal experiences. Among his writings are:
(Scenes of Military Life); (The Soldier's Life
in Peace); (Traffic and Trade) (Handel und
Wandel); Anonymous Stories); Pilgrimage to
Mecca'; (Pictures of Life): Forbidden Fruit. ?
His position in German literature is one of
great distinction.
Hadlaub, Johann (häd’loub). A German
writer of pleasing minne or love songs; four-
ished about 1400; lived mostly in or near Zü-
rich. His poetry is of special historical value
as affording our sole insight into some customs
of private life and the way they were then
viewed. Harvests and autumn scenes also af-
ford him themes for attractive lines.
Hadley, Arthur Twining. An American
political economist, son of the noted professor
of Greek at Yale ; born at New Haven, Conn. ,
April 23, 1856. He has published: (Railroad
Transportation (1885); “Private Property and
Public Welfare); and a manual of Economics.
Haeckel, Ernst (hek'el). A German natur-
alist of the first rank, born at Potsdam, Feb.
16, 1834. His purely scientific works have been
translated into many languages. His popular
books include : "On the Division of Labor
in Nature and Human Life) (1869); "On the
Origin and Genealogy of the Human Race)
(1870); Life in the Great Marine Animals)
(1870); (The Arabian Corals) (1873); (The
System of the Medusa' (1880); and (A Visit
to Ceylon. *
Haffner, Karl (häf'ner). An Austrian play-
wright; born in Königsberg, Nov. 8, 1804; died
at Vienna, Feb. 29, 1876. He went on the
stage at 16, and rose rapidly to eminence. He
wrote a hundred or so dramatic pieces of vari-
ous kinds; (Theresa Krones) alone merits
notice, the others being local and ephemeral.
Hāfiz, Khwaja Shams-ad-din Muhammad
(Pers. pro. hâ-fiz). Persia's famous lyric poet;
born at Shiraz, about 1300; died there, 1389.
The most complete English edition of his
works is that of H. Wilberforce Clarke : (The
Divān i Hāfiz, Translated (1891). Hāfiz seems
to be most characteristic in his many “Ghazels)
or odes, whose themes are his own emotions.
Sir William Jones was one of the first English
translators. Other English translations include:
(Selections from Hāfiz) (1875), by H. Bicknell;
(Persian Poetry for English Readers) (pri-
vately printed, 1883), by S. Robinson; (Ghazels
from the Divan of Hāfiz) (1893), by Justin
Huntley McCarthy. There is a complete Ger-
man translation by V. von Rosenzweig (3 vols. ,
1856-64). *
Hagedorn, Friedrich von (hä'ge-dorn). A
German poet; born at Hamburg, April 23,
1708; died there, Oct. 28, 1754. He was suc-
cessively in diplomacy, law, and trade, giving
:
## p. 243 (#259) ############################################
HAGGARD-HALE
243
3
his leisure to literature. A volume of Poetry,
Fables, and Narratives,' in 1738, after Lafon-
taine's style, was well received, and followed
by (Odes and Songs, and versified tales of a
moral tendency. He is noted for good taste
and a pleasing style.
Haggard, Henry Rider. An English nov-
elist; born at Beadenham, Norfolk, June 22,
1856. His long residence in South Africa
afforded him much of the material for his
fictions. (King Solomon's Mines) (1885) and
Allan Quatermain) (1887) were not particu-
larly successful; but (She, an extravaganza of
adventure and supernaturalism, made his name
really celebrated, His later works include (Mr.
Meeson's Will,? (Cleopatra, (The World's De-
sire,' and some others.
Hague, Arnold. An American geologist;
born in Boston, Dec. 3, 1840; graduated at the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale (1863); after
which he studied three years at the univer-
sities of Göttingen and leidelberg. In 1867
he was appointed assistant geologist on the
United States geological exploration of the 40th
parallel, under Clarence King. In part, his
published works are: (The Volcanoes of Cal-
ifornia, Oregon, and Washington Territory)
(1883); (The Volcanic Rocks of the Great
Basin (1884); (The Volcanic Rocks of Salva-
dor); Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks
of Washoe.
Hague, William. An American clergyman
and prose-writer; born in Pelham, N. Y. , Jan.
4, 1808; died in Boston, Aug. 1, 1887. He held
pastorates in Baptist churches in Utica, N. Y. ,
Boston, Providence, and New York; and was
professor of homiletics in the Baptist Theo-
logical Seminary at Chicago in 1869. Besides
his writings on religion, he published (Ralph
Waldo Emerson, and Life Notes, or Fifty
Years' Outlook. )
Hahn, Yelena Andreyevna (hän). A Rus-
sian novelist ; born (Fadeyev) in 1814; died at
St Petersburg in 1842. Of her stories, (Ut-
balla, (The World's Judgment,' and (Theo-
phania, are the most important.
Hahn, Ludwig Philipp (hän). A German
dramatist; born in Trippstedt, Pfalz, March 22,
1746; died at Zweibrücken, 1814. His trage-
dies (Count Karl of Adelsberg) and (Robert
von Hohenecken) are his ablest efforts. He
belongs to the storm and stress) period of
German literature, and displays its traits.
He
is sometimes confused with Johann Friedrich
Hahn, an occasional poet, born about 1750,
died in 1779.
Hahn-Hahn, Ida von, Countess (hän hän).
A German novelist; born at Tressow, Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, June 22, 1805; died at Mainz,
May 12, 1880. Domestic troubles involving a
separation from her husband turned her mind
to travel and literature. The scenes familiar
to her were reproduced in her novels, which
met with popular favor, particularly (Ulrich)
and (Two Women. At the height of her
career she became a convert to the Catholic
faith. She now produced various books of a
proselytizing nature, and in 1852 took the veil.
Her death took place in a convent founded
by herself.
Hake, Thomas Gordon. An English poet
and physician; born in Leeds, in 1809; died in
London, Jan. II, 1895. He took his medical
degree at Glasgow University in 1831, and
practiced his profession in East Anglia, later
becoming the physician and friend of Dante
Gabriel Rossetti. His poetry is thoroughly
original, but quaint, vague, and subtly philo-
sophical. His works include : (Poetic Lucubra-
tions) (1828); “Vates: A Prose Epic) (1839);
(New Symbols,' verse (1875); (Maiden Ecstasy,
verse (1880); (A Divine Pastoral (1883).
Hakluyt, Richard (hakʼlöt). An eminent
English geographer; born in Herefordshire (or
London ? ) in 1552 or 1553; died Oct. (or Nov. )
23, 1616. He had a passion for and keen insight
into cosmographic questions; and introduced
globes into English schools. He took holy
orders, and held befitting positions under gove
ernment. In 1598 appeared his great history
of the important voyages of English seamen.
The Hakluyt Society, of London, which pub-
lishes old and rare books on geography and
navigation, was named in his honor. *
Halderman, Samuel Stehman. An Ameri-
can naturalist and prose-writer; born in Locust
Grove, Pa. , Aug. 12, 1812; died in Chickies,
Pa. , Sept. 10, 1880. He was the first to hold
the chair of comparative philology at the
University of Pennsylvania; was a member of
many scientific societies, and was editor of the
Pennsylvania Farmers' Journal. Among his pub-
lished works are: (Zoological Contributions
(1842-43); (Rhymes of the Poets,' published
under the pen-name of “Felix Ago » (1868);
(Pennsylvania Dutch) (1872); (Outlines of Ety-
mology) (1877); and (Word Building (1881).
Hale, Edward Everett. A distinguished
American divine and prose-writer; born April
3, 1822, in Boston, Mass. , where he now re-
sides. He has strongly impressed his individu-
ality upon his time. He is singularly felicitous
as a writer of short stories, among which the
most widely read are: My Double and How
He Undid Me); (The Man Without a Coun-
try); (The Skeleton in the Closet); (Ten
Times One Is Ten); (In His Name. One
well-known collection is entitled (The Ing-
ham Papers. Among his longer stories are :
(Philip Nolan's Friends); (Mr. Tangier's Va-
cations); (Ups and Downs. His occasional
papers and writings for periodicals are exceed-
ingly numerous; and as pastor of the South
Congregational (Unitarian) Church of Boston,
his influence has been marked, and his name is
familiarly known and cherished throughout the
United States. *
Hale, Horatio. An American ethnologist
and lawyer; born in rt, N. H. , Ma 3,
1817; died in Clinton, Canada, 1896. Shortly
## p. 244 (#260) ############################################
HALE- HALL
244
after graduating at Harvard he was made phi-
lologist to the government exploring expedition
under Capt. Wilkes, and studied the languages
of the Pacific Islands, North and South Amer-
ica, Australia, and Africa. The results of his
observations were published in Ethnography
and Philology) (1846). From 1855 he practiced
law at Clinton. His other works are : Indian
Migrations as Evidenced by Language) (1883);
(The Iroquois Book of Rites) (1883); "A Report
on Blackfoot Tribes) (1885).
Hale, Lucretia Peabody. An American au-
thor, sister of E. E. Hale; born in Boston, Mass. ,
Sept. 2, 1820. She has published, among other
works, (The Lord's Supper and its Observance)
(1866); (The Service of Sorrow) (1867); (The
Wolf at the Door) in the No Name Series)
(1877); (The Peterkin Papers) (1882); (The
Last of the Peterkins) (1886). She also wrote
(The New Harry and Lucy) (with E. E. Hale).
Her chief fame is as the creator of the Peter-
kins, who have become popularly recognized
types of character.
Hale, Sarah Josepha (Buell). An Ameri-
can editor and writer; born in Newport, N. H. ,
Oct. 24, 1788; died in Philadelphia, April 30,
1879. From 1828 until 1837 she edited the
Ladies'. Magazine, which was then merged into
Godey's Lady's Book, of which she became edi-
tor. Among her publications are: (Sketches
of all Distinguished Women from the Creation
to the Present Day) (1853); (The Genius of
Oblivion, and Other Poems'; Northwood, a
novel (1827); (Sketches of American Charac-
ter); (Traits of American Life); and many
others.
Hale, Susan. An American artist, writer of
travels, and biographer, sister of E. E. Hale ;
born at Boston, 1838. She has written (Life
and Letters of Thomas Gold Appleton) (1885).
With her brother she wrote the 'Family Flight)
series of travels for young people.
Hálek Vitèzlav (häl’ek). A Czech poet;
born at Dolinek, Bohemia, April 5, 1835; died
at Prague, Oct. 8, 1874. His lyric poems have
met with wider, appreciation than his stories
among his countrymen. His plays have been
staged with success. His best poetry appears
in a volume entitled (Nature. )
Halévy, Ludovic (ä-lā-vē'). A French nov-
elist and dramatist of Jewish extraction; born
at Paris, Jan. I, 1834. At first adopting an official
career, the success of his librettos for Offen-
bach turned him towards the drama, where he
won fame and fortune. With Henri Meilhac
he collaborated in works unique even on the
French stage. His peculiar gift is an irony
exquisitely adapted to a French audience : "La
Belle Hélène) and (The Grand Duchess of
Gérolstein) are instances. In 1882 appeared
"L'Abbé Constantin,' a novel which has been
enormously successful. He has since written
three or four others, besides sketches; and in
dramatic trifles he is most prolific. He became
a member of the Academy in 1886. *
Haliburton, Thomas Chandler. ["Sam
Slick. ”] A Canadian author; born at Wind-
sor, Nova Scotia, in 1796; died at Isleworth,
near London, Aug. 27, 1865. Originally a lawyer,
he became a judge in Nova Scotia. In addition
to his famous (Sam Slick) papers (1835) he
produced serious historical and sociological
books, dealing principally with conditions in
Nova Scotia. He removed to England after
resigning his colonial judgeship, and was a
Member of Parliament in 1859. *
Hall, Ann Maria Fielding, Mrs. An Irish
writer of fiction, wife of Samuel C. ; born at
Dublin, Jan. 6, 1800; died Jan. 30, 1881. At one
time her novels and short stories of Irish life
enjoyed great popularity. Besides the works
written in collaboration with her husband (for
which see his name) she published : “Sketches
of Irish Character) (1829); (The Buccaneer)
(1832); Lights and Shadows of Irish Life)
(1838); (Tales of the Irish Peasantry' (1840).
Of her dramas the most successful was (The
French Refugee, produced in 1837.
Hall, Basil. A British naval officer and
traveler; born at Edinburgh, Dec. 31, 1788;
died at Portsmouth, England, Sept. 11, 1844.
He accompanied Lord Amherst's embassy to
China (1815-17), assisting in important explora-
tions of the eastern seas; and visited the United
States in 1827. He wrote: (Voyage of Dis-
covery to the West Coast of Corea, etc. ) (1818);
(Travels 'in North America) (1829); Frag-
ments of Voyages and Travels) (1831-33), his
best work; and others.
Hall, Christopher Newman. An English
clergyman and religious writer; born at Maid-
stone, May 22, 1816. He is minister of Christ
Church in Hull. He was a stanch friend of
the Northern cause during the Civil War, and
afterwards made two extensive tours in the
United States to allay the bitter feeling towards
Great Britain. Of his religious writings a devo-
tional treatise, Come to Jesus, is the best
known, having had a circulation of 3,000,000
in twenty languages. He has also written :
(Antidote to Fear); (Homeward Bound);
(Land of the Forum and Vatican' (1854);
(Pilgrim Songs in Cloud and Sunshine' (1871);
(Gethsemane.
Hall, Charles Winslow. An American law.
yer, and writer of romance and adventure;
born 184- He has written : (Arctic Rovings)
(1861); (Twice Taken (1867); (Adrift in the
Icefields) (1877); Drifting Round the World'
(1881).
Hall, Fitzedward. An American philolo-
gist; born in Troy, N. Y. , March 21, 1825. He
graduated from Harvard in 1846. He spent
many years in India, and made a thorough
study of its tongues, contributing to local jour-
nals original translations in prose and verse. ,
He had the D. C. L. from Oxford in 1860. Set-
tling in London in 1862, he accepted the chair
of Sanskrit and Indian jurisprudence in King's
College. He was the first American to edit a
## p. 245 (#261) ############################################
HALL-HALLOWELL
245
Sanskrit text. Professor Hall discovered the
supposed lost works : Bhârata's Nâtyasástra,
Marshaacharita,' and a complete copy of the
valuable (Brihaddevatâ. His contributions to
our knowledge of Hindu and allied literatures
are of inestimable value, and his text-books in
this field are valuable and authoritative. He
is one of the chief collaborators in Dr. Mur-
ray's great "Etymological Dictionary. )
Hall, Gertrude. An American poet and
writer of short stories; born 186- Her home
is in Boston. She has written: Far from
To-day, a collection of short stories; (Alle-
gretto,' a book of verse; (Foam of the Sea,
and Other Tales); etc.
Hall, Granville Stanley. An American
educator and psychologist; born at Ashfield,
Mass. , about 1845. From 1872 to 1876 he
was professor of psychology in Antioch Col-
lege, Ohio, and in 1882 became a professor of
that subject in Johns Hopkins University at
Baltimore. On the establishment of Clark Uni-
versity at Worcester, Mass. , he was made its
president. He is the editor of the American
Journal of Psychology and the Pedagogical
Seminary, and the author of "Aspects of German
Culture) (1881); (Hints toward a Bibliography
of Education (1886), with J. M. Mansfield;
(How to Teach Reading. '
Hall, John. An American clergyman and
religious writer; born in County Armagh, Ire-
land, July 31, 1829. He became pastor of a
Presbyterian church in Armagh in 1852, and
in 1858 of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. In 1867
he was called to the Fifth Avenue Church,
New York city. His works include: (Family
Prayers for Four Weeks) (1868); (Papers for
Home Reading) (1871); 'Questions of the Day)
(1873); (Foundation Stones for Young Build-
ers) (1879).
Hall, Samuel Carter. An English editor
and miscellaneous writer; born at Topsham,
Devonshire, England, in 1801; died March 16,
1889. For over forty years he was the editor
of the Art Journal, which he founded in 1839.
In collaboration with his wife (see Ann Maria)
he published the well-known work, Ireland,
its Scenery and Character) (1841-43); (Book
of Royalty) (1838); (A Woman's Story' (1857);
(The Book of the Thames) (1859); (A Com-
panion to Killarney) (1878); and others. His
separate works were : (A Book of Memories);
Book of British Ballads); "Baronial Halls. )
Hallam, Henry. An English historian;
born at Windsor, July 9, 1777 ; died at Pick-
hurst, Kent, Jan. 21, 1859. He was of astonish-
ing precocity both in reading and in composi-
tion; graduated from Oxford at 22, and at
once settled down to the bar; but marrying
one fortune and inheriting another, retired
from legal practice and devoted himself to
history. In 1818 the appearance of (A View
of the State of Europe during the Middle
Ages' gave him an instant and enduring fame
such as no other mere compilation has ever
won for a writer; a result due to the sagacity
judgment, and impartiality it displays. Nine
years later came the Constitutional History
of England, continuing the last chapter of his
(Middle Ages); and in 1837-39 the Intro-
duction to the Literature of Europe during the
Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Cen-
turies. ' *
Halleck, Fitz-Greene. An American poet;
born in Guilford, Conn. , July 8, 1790; died
there, Nov. 19, 1867. He was one of the origi-
nal trustees of the Astor Library, and held
other posts of responsibility in connection with
it. His best-known poems include: Marco
Bozzaris) (1827), and (Fanny. He was joint
author with Joseph Rodman Drake of the
(Croaker) papers, which appeared in a New
York newspaper in 1819. *
Haller, Albrecht von (häl'ler). A Swiss
German botanist, physiologist, and poet; was
born at Bern, Oct. 16, 1708; and died there,
Dec. 12, 1777. His scientific writings form a
considerable part of the literature of his several
specialties; but the most charming of these is
his work as a poet. His celebrated lines on
( The Alps) have been quoted as an example
of great strength of imagery. His poem "On
the Origin of Evil) shows no falling off in
power. In his later years he wrote some po-
litical novels, among them (Alfred, King of
the Anglo-Saxons) (1773).
Hallevi. Jehudah (hä'lā-vē). A Spanish-
Jewish poet, physician, astronomer, and mathe-
matician, under the Arabic caliphate ; born in
Toledo, in 1080 (? ); died at Jerusalem, about
1150. *
Halliday, Samuel Byram. An American
Congregational minister; born in New Jersey,
1812. He was for nearly twenty years assist-
ant of Henry Ward Beecher at Plymouth
Church, Brooklyn. He has written (The Lit-
tle Street Sweeper); (The Lost and Found)
(1859); “Winning Souls) (1873); (The Church
in America and its Baptisms of Fire); etc.
Halliwell-Phillipps, James Orchard. An
eminent English Shakespearian and antiqua-
rian; born in London, June 21, 1820; died
near Brighton, Jan. 3, 1889. He devoted his
life and large wealth to research among old
records for traces of Shakespeare, publishing
private editions of Shakespeariana, buying
singly or with others Shakespeare buildings at
Stratford, etc. ; and to editing old English
works. A large part of the verified knowledge
of Shakespeare's personality we possess is due
to him.
Hallock, Charles. An American journalist;
born in New York, 1834. He was founder and
proprietor (1873-80) of Forest and Stream.
He has written "The Fishing Tourist (1873),
a guide for anglers; (Camp Life in Florida)
(1875); (Our New Alaska) (1886); etc.
Hallock, William Allen.
