An English essayist,
thinker, and publicist ; born in London, Oct.
thinker, and publicist ; born in London, Oct.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
She wrote: (The
Georgians); (A Fair Philosopher); (Her Wait-
ing Heart'; (Woman's Secrets, or How to be
Beautiful); and other books.
Hammond, William Alexander. A distin-
guished American physician and medical
writer, also a novelist; born at Annapolis,
Md. , Aug. 28, 1828. His home is in New
York. He was surgeon-general in the Civil
War (1862–64). Among his novels are: “Rob-
ert Severne) (1866); Dr. Grattan) (1884);
(Lal) (1884); "On the Susquehanna (1887).
Hanaford, Mrs. Phebe Ann (Coffin). An
American miscellaneous writer and Universalist
minister; born in Massachusetts in 1829. She
was the first of her sex to become a member
of the Universalist clergy. In 1887 she was
called to a church in New Haven, Conn. , and
has retained the charge ever since. Her works
are: Life of Abraham Lincoln); Life of
George Peabody); (Lucretia the Quakeress);
"Leonette, or Truth Sought and Found); (The
Best of Books and its History); Frank Nel-
son, the Runaway Boy); (The Soldier's Daugh-
ter'; 'Field, Gunboat, and Hospital; (Women
of the Century); (From Shore to Shore, and
Other Poems'; etc.
Hannay, James. An English novelist and
essayist; born at Dumfries, Scotland, Feb. 17,
1827; died near Barcelona, Spain, Jan. 9, 1873.
He was a midshipman for some years. His
contributions to Edinburgh periodicals, since
collected, have been widely read; and his nov.
els King Dobbs, (Singleton Fontenoy,' and
Eustace Conyers,' went through more than
one edition. His ability is in satire and deli-
cate irony rather than in characterization.
Hansen, Maurits Christopher (hän'sen). A
Norwegian poet; born in Modum, July 5, 1794;
died at Kongsberg, March 16, 1842. His models
in fiction seem to have been Fouqué and Tieck.
As a poet he is best represented by the volume
of Norse Idylls. ' His style is limpid, and
shows the influence of German studies. He
also wrote school grammars, and manuals of
literature, that have been widely used in Nor-
way.
Hanslick, Eduard (häns'lik). A German
musical critic and writer on æsthetics; born
at Prague, Sept. II, 1825. He surpassed all
contemporary workers in the field of musical
criticism, holding the position of professor of
musical criticism and history in the Vienna
University. He is a recognized authority among
European authors in music and æsthetics, owing
to his wit, imaginative power, thorough knowl.
edge of his specialties, and perfect command
of a luminous and pleasing style.
Hanssen, Ola (hän'sen). A Swedish-German
poet and author; born in Hönsing, Sweden,
Nov. 12, 1860. He had a passion for travel ;
going on foot in his impecunious early years,
but his first poems were successful enough to
improve his means. His masterpiece was "Love
Longings) (Sensitiva Amorosa), brought out
in 1887, and since translated into German and
French. He has lived in Berlin since 1889,
and written in German with grace and facility.
His poems combine vigorous thought with deli-
cate workmanship, and his literary essays are
those of an able and learned critic. ·
Hapgood, Isabella Florence. An American
translator and writer, who has paid particular
attention to Russian subjects; born in Massa-
chusetts in 1850. She has published (The Epic
Songs of Russia); (Russian Rambles); and is
well known as a translator of the works of Go.
gol, Hugo, and other great European writers.
Hapgood, Norman. An American journalist
of New York; born in Illinois. He graduated
at Harvard, and studied literature in Europe.
He is one of the younger members of the
journalistic guild in the metropolis, and has
published (Literary Statesmen and Others. )
Happel, Eberhard Werner (häp'el). A
German writer of fiction and prose miscellany;
born in Kirchhain, Hesse, Aug. 12, 1647; died
at Hamburg, May 15, 1690. His (Academic
Romance) is important as a contribution to
the records of literary and artistic evolution.
Harby, Isaac. An American dramatist;
born in South Carolina, 1788; died 1828. His
home was in Charleston, S. C. He wrote:
(Alexander Severus); (The Gordian Knot);
(Alberti); etc.
Hardenberg, Friedrich von. See Novalis.
Hardinge, Mrs. Belle Boyd. An American
Southern woman who acted as a Confederate
spy in the Civil War. She wrote Belle Boyd
in Camp and Prison' (London and New York,
1865).
Hardy, Alexandre (är-de'). A French play-
wright; born at Paris about 1570; died near
## p. 248 (#264) ############################################
248
HARBY
HARRADEN
his brother Julius Charles he wrote (Guesses
at Truth. '
Versailles (? ), 1631. He is said to have been
one of the first French playwrights,” properly
speaking. His plays number some hundreds,
and he borrowed his materials from Cervantes,
Boccaccio, and any other author he found avail-
able. His best effort is probably Mariamne,'
produced in 16io. Such talent as he possessed
was for construction and adaptation, and for
felicitous dialogue.
Hardy, Arthur Sherburne. An American
novelist, poet, and man of letters ; born at An-
dover, Mass. , Aug. 13, 1847. He graduated from
West Point, and commanded a military post in
the South for two years. His poetry consists
mainly of lyrics and sonnets, while his novels
are full of interest and charm. He is a skilled
musician. In 1897 he was appointed minister
to Persia. "But Yet a Woman) and (The
Wind of Destiny) are among the more im-
portant of his novels. (Passe-Rose) is a French
idyl. His poems have been published in nu-
merous magazines, and some of his mathemati-
cal studies have taken shape in a volume on
Quaternions. *
Hardy, Iza Duffus. An English novelist,
daughter of Sir Thomas. She began story-
writing very early, and has been a frequent
contributor to the magazines. Among her nu-
merous novels are : (Glencairn (1877); (Only
a Love Story' (1877); (A Broken Faith (1878);
(The Love that He Passed By) (1884), an
American novel; (A Woman's Loyalty' (1893);
and two volumes of transatlantic reminis-
cences, Between Two Oceans) (1884) and
(Oranges and Alligators: Sketches of South
Florida Life) (1886).
Hardy, Thomas. An English novelist; born
in Dorsetshire, June 2, 1840. His works in-
clude: Desperate Remedies) (1871); (Under
the Greenwood Tree) (1872); (A Pair of Blue
Eyes) (1873); (Far from the Madding Crowd)
(1874); (The Hand of Ethelberta) (1876); “The
Return of the Native) (1878); (The Trumpet
Major) (1880); A Laodicean) (1881); (Two
on a Tower) (1882); (The Mayor of Caster-
bridge) (1886); (The Woodlanders) (1887);
(Wessex Tales) (1888); (A Group of Noble
Dames) (1891); (Tess of the D'Urbervilles)
(1891); Life's Little Ironies) (1894); Jude
the Obscure); and others. *
Hare, Augustus John Cuthbert. An Eng-
lish descriptive writer; born in Rome, March
13, 1834. He was a graduate of Oxford. The
son of a rich father, he was enabled from his
earliest youth to gratify a taste for travel, on
descriptions of which his fame chiefly rests.
Among his happiest efforts are: (A Winter at
Mentone) (1861); (Walks in Rome) (1870);
(Wanderings in Spain (1872); (Walks in Lon-
don (1877); Days near Paris) (1887); and
a narrative of travel in southern France. A
volume of personal recollections (1895) has
been widely read.
Hare, Augustus William. An English cler-
gyman and writer: born 1792: died 1834. With
Hare, Julius Charles. An English theolo-
gian; born 1795; died 1855. His wcrks include:
(Mission of the Comforter) (1846); (The Con.
test with Rome (1852); Vindication of Luther)
(1854). See also Augustus William.
Haren, Onno Zwier van (här'en). A Dutch
poet and statesman; born at Leeuwarden,
April 2, 1713; died near Wolvega, Friesland,
Sept. 2, 1772. An active public man
on the
Orange side, he was forced into retirement by
an obscure scandal after the death of Anne,
wife of William IV. , and took to literary work.
His best production is an epic, (The Father-
land, portraying the Dutch struggle for free.
dom. His lyric poetry is good; and a tra-
gedy, William I. ,' is still generally read. His
work on William IV. is a masterpiece of Dutch
prose.
Haren, Willem van. A Dutch poet and
statesman, brother of Onno; born at Leeu-
warden, Feb. 21, 1710; committed suicide in
North Brabant, July 4, 1768. He held import-
ant governmental posts but was ruined by
speculation. His celebrated poem (Leonidas)
(1742) was written to inspire the Hollanders
with his own enthusiasm for liberty and the
war of the Austrian succession. Even more
meritorious are his odes on human happiness
and the vicissitudes of life; but his epic poem
Friso, despite imperfections, won him his
greatest fame.
Harington, Sir John. An English poet and
wit; born at Kelston, near Bath, in 1561; died
there, Nov. 20, 1612. He was a soldier, courtier,
and scholar, in favor with Queen Elizabeth,
and a power in public affairs. His translation
of Ariosto's (Orlando Furioso,' undertaken by
command of Queen Elizabeth, is meritorious;
but his talent displayed itself best in epigram.
His witty verses in ridicule of his contempo-
raries got him into trouble occasionally, but
never into serious difficulty. He was the Mar-
tial of his day, though of less genius.
Harland, Henry. [“Sidney Luska. ”] An
American novelist; born in New York, 1861.
A few years ago he removed to London,
where he edits the Yellow Book. He is author
of : (As It was Written (1885), a musician's
story; Mrs. Peixada) (1886); (The Land of
Love) (1887); (My Uncle Florimond (1888);
(The Yoke of the Thorah) (1887); Mr. Son-
nenschein's Inheritance) (1888); (A Latin
Quarter Courtship'; etc.
Harland, Marion. See Terhune.
Harraden, Beatrice. An English novelist,
daughter of an East India agent in London ;
born about 1864. After private schooling and
a season in Germany, she took her degree at
London University at 21, showing marked ex-
cellence in languages. She was then employed
in a publishing-house, but ill-health compelled
her to leave. Her first novel, “Ships that Pass
## p. 249 (#265) ############################################
HARRIGAN
-
HARRISON
249
>
in the Night, was instantly successful. This
was followed by (In Varying Moods) (1894);
(Things will Take a Turn) (1894); (Hilda
Strafford, a Californian story.
Harrigan, Edward. A noted American actor
and playwright; born in New York, 1845. He
formed a partnership with Tony Hart (1871-
85), when the two opened in New York their
first Theatre Comique (1876), bringing out there
the "Mulligan Guard) series of plays. Among
his dramas, which are all of humble New York
life, strong in character-drawing though weak
in a literary sense, may be named "Squatter
Sovereignty) and “Cordelia's Aspirations.
Harris, Amanda Bartlett. An American
writer of juveniles; born at Warner, N. H. , 1824.
Besides numerous contributions to periodicals,
she has published many pleasing books, in-
cluding “How We Went Bird-Nesting); “Wild
Flowers, and where They Grow); (The Luck
of Edenhall”; etc.
Harris, Augustus Glossop, Sir. An Eng-
lish actor, manager, and dramatist; born in
Paris in 1852; died in Folkestone, England, Jan.
22, 1896. Appearing on the stage in 1873, in
1879 he became lessee and manager of Drury
Lane Theatre, where he produced popular pan-
tomimes and melodramas written in collabora.
tion - among them : (The World); (Youth);
(Human Nature); (Run of Luck); Prodigal
Daughter); Life of Pleasure); (Derby Win-
ner. ' He induced the revival of grand opera
at Covent Garden. He was made sheriff of
London and knighted in 1891.
Harris, George Washington. An American
humorist; born in Allegheny County, Pa. , 1814;
died 1869. While a Tennessee River steam-
boat captain he wrote, about 1860, for the New
York Spirit of the Times, a series of broadly
humorous character sketches called “Sut Loven-
good's Yarns, published in book form in 1867.
Harris, Joel Chandler. An American jour.
nalist and story-writer; born at Eatonton, Geor-
gia, Dec. 8, 1848. He began life as a printer's
apprentice, and afterwards studied law, drifting
finally into journalism. He had a thorough
familiarity with the negro of the post-bellum
period, and while editing an Atlanta paper he
produced for it the series of Uncle Remus)
sketches and songs which immediately made
him known. (The Folk-Lore of the Old Plant-
ation) appeared in 1880, followed by Nights
with Uncle Remus) (1883); (Mingo and Other
Sketches) (1883); (Daddy Jake, the Runaway)
(1889); and a number of poems and essays.
In a more serious vein is his biography of the
lamented Henry W. Grady, a work of genuine
power. *
Harris, Mrs. Miriam (Coles). A well-known
American novelist; born at Dosoris, L. I. , 1834.
Her home is in New York. She has written:
Rutledge) (1860); (The Sutherlands) (1862)—
both widely read; (Frank Warrington); A
Perfect Adonis); Missy); etc. A complete
edition of her novels appeared in 1885.
Harris, Thomas Lake. A noted American
mystic philosopher and religious and social
reformer; born at Fenny Stratford, England,
May 15, 1823. He founded the Brotherhood
of the New Life, of which Laurence Oliphant
was a member. Among his numerous works
in prose and verse are: (The Great Republic,
a Poem of the Sun(1867); (Arcana of Christ
ianity) (2 vols. , 1868); "God's Breath in Man)
(1891).
Harris, William Torrey. A distinguished
American educator, and writer on education
and philosophy; born at Killingly, Conn. , Sept.
10, 1835. He established the Journal of Spec-
ulative Philosophy (1867), the first publication
of its kind in the English language, and be-
came United States Commissioner of Education
(1889). Among his works are : (Hegel's Logic)
(1890), a critical exposition; (The Spiritual
Sense of Dante's Divina Commedia) (1891);
and "Introduction to Philosophy. '
Harrison, Mrs. Burton (Constance Cary).
An American novelist and miscellaneous writer;
born at Vaucluse, Va. , about 1835; resides
in New York. She has written : (Woman's
Handiwork in Modern Homes) (1881); (Old-
Fashioned Fairy-Book) (1884); Bar Harbor
Days (1887); and the novels (The Anglo-
maniacs); (An Errant Wooing); (A Bachelor
Maid); (A Son of the Old Dominion) (1897);
and others.
Harrison, Frederic.
An English essayist,
thinker, and publicist ; born in London, Oct. 18,
1831. Since graduation from Oxford he has
served on various scientific and legal commis-
sions; writing in connection therewith, reports,
essays, books on sociology, law, and ethics.
In the domain of philosophy his expositions
of Comte have given him an international rep-
utation. (The Meaning of History) (1862);
(Order and Progress) (1875); (Choice of Books)
(1886); (Oliver Cromwell (1888); (Annals of an
Old Manor House ); «The Study of History);
and various works on current controversies, are
among his widely read productions. *
Harrison, James Albert. An American
educator and miscellaneous writer; born at
Pass Christian, Miss. , 1848. He is professor
of languages at Washington and Lee Univer-
sity, Va. (1876). He has written : (A Group
of Poets and their Haunts) (1875); (Greek
Vignettes) (1878); (Spain in Profile) (1879);
(History of Spain (1881); (Autrefois : Tales of
Old New Orleans and Elsewhere) (1888); etc.
Harrison, Jane Ellen. An English lecturer
and writer on Greek art and mythology; born
in 1850. She began her career as a lecturer
in 1882 at the British Museum, and has since
extended her work to South Kensington and
most of the provincial towns. She has been
prominently identified with the university ex-
tension movement. Among her publications
may be mentioned : Myths of the Odyssey)
(1881); (Introductory Studies in Greek Art)
(1885); Mythology and Monuments of Ancient
Athens.
## p. 250 (#266) ############################################
250
HARRISSE - HARTING
(
Harrisse, Henri (har-es'). An American
critic, bibliographer, and historian; born in Paris,
1830, of Russian-Hebrew parentage. He became
a citizen of the United States, and for several
years practiced law in New York. He has
written (Christopher Columbus) (2 vols. , 1884-
85); John and Sebastian Cabot) (1883); (The
Discovery of North America'; etc.
Harsdörfer, George Philip (härs'dėrf-er).
A German poet; born in Nürnberg, Nov. I,
1607; died there, Sept. 22, 1658. After legal
studies and extensive travel, he settled down
to official employment in his native town. In
1644 he helped to found a fraternal literary
and horticultural society, the Pegnitz Order,
which did good work in improving literary
language.
Best remembered of his many
works are: (The Poetical Funnel, for "pour-
ing in knowledge, a satirical royal road »
to poesy; and a Manual of Polite Conversa-
tion, which explains itself.
Harsha, David Addison. An American re-
ligious writer and biographer; born at South
Argyle, N. Y. , 1827. He has written (Lives)
of Charles Sumner, Doddridge, Baxter, Bun-
yan, Addison, James Hervey, Watts, Whitefield,
Abraham Booth, and (Eminent Orators and
Statesmen) (1855).
Hart, Albert Bushnell. An American edu-
cator, historian, biographer, and essayist; born
at Clarksville, Pa. , July 1, 1854. He is pro-
fessor of history at Harvard University. He
has written : (Coercive Powers of the United
States Government) (1885); Introduction to
the Study of Federal Government) (1890);
"Studies in Education); Life of Salmon P.
Chase); Practical Essays on American Gov-
ernment); etc. He is editing a series of works
on special periods of our national history, now
(1897) in course of publication.
Hart, Charles Henry. An American art
critic, antiquarian, and biographer; born in
Philadelphia, 1847. Among his published works
are : (Remarks on Tabasco, Mexico) (1865);
(Memoirs of William Hickling Prescott) (1868);
(Memoirs of William Willis) (1870); (George
Ticknor) (1871); (Turner, the Dream Painter)
(1879); and (Samuel S. Haldeman (1881).
Hart, Heinrich (härt). A German poet and
critic; born in Wesel, Dec. 30, 1855. His early
studies were historical, philosophical, and phi-
lological. He is a journalist, a dramatic and
literary critic, and one of the leaders of what
is known as the naturalistic movement in lit.
erature. In collaboration with his brother
Julius, he projected a variety of successful peri-
odical publications. His poetical works include
a volume of verse; a tragedy, (Sedan); and an
elaborate (Song of Mankind, of which but the
first few parts have yet appeared. He has
issued a volume of sketches, (Children of the
Light.
Hart, Julius. A German poet and prose-
writer, brother of Heinrich; born in Münster
April 9, 1859; resides in Berlin. His earliest
:
efforts were in newspaper dramatic criticisms.
His poems include : Sansara, a volume of
verse ; “Don Juan Tenorio,' a tragedy in lyric
form ; and Homo Sum. ' He is a graceful
translator of poetry from the Persian, English,
and Spanish. His poetry and prose are char-
acterized by euphony and limpidity of style.
Harte, (Francis) Bret. A famous American
short-story writer and poet; born in Albany,
N. Y. , Aug. 25, 1839. He has published: (Out-
croppings) (1866), a collection of verse by
Californians, edited anonymously ; (The Lost
Galleon, and Other Tales) (1867); (Condensed
Novels) (1867); (The Luck of Roaring Camp,
and Other Sketches) (1870); Plain Language
from Truthful James) (1870), illustrated edi.
tion ; (The Heathen Chinee) (1871), special
edition; Poems) (1871); East and West
Poems) (1871); “Stories of the Sierras) (1872);
(Poetical Works) (1872); (Mrs. Skaggs's Hus-
bands, and Other Sketches); (M'liss) (1873);
Complete Works) (1873); (An Episode of Fid-
dletown, and Other Sketches) (1873); (Echoes
of the Foot-Hills) (1875); “Tales of the Argo-
nauts, and Other Sketches) (1875); (Gabriel
Conroy' (1876); (Two Men of Sandy Bar)
(1876), a drama; (Thankful Blossom (1877);
(The Story of a Mine) (1878); (The Hoodlum
Band, and Other Stories) (1878); Drift from
Two Shores) (1878); (An Heiress of Red Dog,
and Other Tales) (1879); (The Twins of Mar-
ble Mountain, and Other Stories) (1879); "Com-
plete Works) (1882); (Flip and Other Stories )
(1882); (In the Carquinez Woods) (1884); (On
the Frontier) (1884); Maruja! (1885); By
Shore and Sedge) (1885); (Snow Bound at
Eagle's) (1885); (The Queen of the Pirate Isle
(1886); (A Millionaire of Rough and Ready)
(1887); Devil's Ford (1887); (The Crusade of
the Excelsior) (1887); (The Argonauts of North
Liberty) (1888); A Phyllis of the Sierras)
(1888); “Cressy) (1889); (The Heritage of Ded-
low Marsh, and Other Tales) (1889); A Waif
of the Plains) (1890); A Ward of the Golden
Gate (1890); A Sappho of Green Springs, and
Other Stories) (1891); (Colonel Starbottle's
Client and Other People) (1892); (A First Family
of Tasajera' (1892); (Susy) (1893); (Sally
Dows, and Other Stories) (1893); A Protégée
of Jack Hamlin's, and Other Stories) (1894);
(The Bell-Ringer of Angel's, and Other Stories)
(1894); Clarence) (1895); In the Hollow of
the Hills) (1895); “Three Partners); etc. *
Harting, James Edmund. An English nat-
uralist; born in London, April 29, 1841. He
matriculated at the University of London in
1859, and followed the profession of a solicitor
until 1878, when he retired and devoted him-
self to zoological research. He is editor of
the natural-history columns of the Field, and
also has charge of the Zoologist. Among his
numerous publications are: (The Ornithology
of Shakespeare) (1871); (Handbook of British
Birds) (1871); (Rambles in Search of Shells)
(1875); British Animals Extinct within His-
toric Times) (1880); (Essays on Sport and
Natural History) (1883).
## p. 251 (#267) ############################################
HARTLEY - HASSARD
251
.
Hartley, Cecil B. An American biographer
and miscellaneous writer ; born 18-died 18–
He wrote Lives) of Louis Wetzel, the Vir-
ginia ranger; of the Empress Josephine (1860);
of Francis Marion ; and of Daniel Boone.
Also (Hunting Sports of the West.
Hartmann, Alfred (härt'män). A Swiss au-
thor; born Jan. I, 1814, near Langenthal, Bern.
He studied law at German universities, but
after a sojourn in Paris abandoned jurispru-
dence and devoted himself to literary pursuits
at Solothurn, where for many years he pub-
lished a comic periodical called Postheiri
. His
chief works are the romance (Master Putsch
and his Companions) (1858); (Martin Disteli)
(1861), a biography; 'Gallery of Famous Swiss)
(1863-71); (Tales from the Swiss) (1863); “Swiss
Tales) (1877); (Fortunatus) (1879).
Hartmann, Eduard von. A German phi-
losopher; born at Berlin, Feb. 23. 1842. At 22
he chose for his life vocation “thinking,"
or philosophy, and on his retirement from
the Prussian military service (1865), devoted
himself wholly for some years to writing his
great work (The Philosophy of the Uncon-
scious) (1868; 10th ed. , 3 vols. , 1890); in the
later editions of this work are incorporated
his (Physiology of the Nerve-Centres) (1876);
(The Truth and the Error in Darwinism)
(1875); and (The Unconscious from the Stand-
point of Physiology and the Doctrine of De-
scent) (1872). Then followed (The Ethical
Consciousness, or as it was at first entitled,
(Phenomenology of the Ethical Consciousness )
(1879); (The Philosophy of Religion (2d ed.
1888), comprising (The Religious Conscious-
ness of Mankind) and (The Religion of the
Soul”; Æsthetics) (2 vols. , 1886-87), compris-
ing' (German Æsthetics since Kant) and (The
Philosophy of the Beautiful. ? Besides these
works, which constitute his exposition of a
system of philosophy, he has written : "On the
Dialectic Method) (1868); (The Thing in It-
self and its Nature (1871); (Critical Grounds
of Transcendental Realism' (3d ed. 1885); (Elu-
cidations of the Metaphysics of the Uncon.
scious) (1874), afterwards styled New-Kant-
ianism, Schopenhauerism, and Hegelianism);
"Self-Destruction of Christianity, and the Reli-
gion of the Future ( 3d ed. 1888); (The Crisis of
Christianity in Modern Theology (1880); “Juda-
ism in the Present and the Future) (1885);
Lotze's Philosophy) (1888); “The Ghost-The-
ory in Spiritism' (1891); (The Fundamental
Social Questions) (1894); and many other
works on society, religion, politics, literature,
art, etc.
Hartmann, Moritz. An Austrian poet and
agitator; born in Duschnik, Bohemia, Oct.
15, 1821 ; died in Vienna, May 13, 1872. He
was from youth an ardent social reformer,
and wrote poems under this inspiration. His
(Chalice and Sword' (1845) was distinctly
revolutionary. He became a “poet of the
people, participated in the movement of 1848,
and was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament.
His Poetic Chronicle of Father Mauritius)
(1849) attained a wide popularity. He lived
in exile for some years, but continued to write
poetry and prose in his wanderings, his repu-
tation constantly increasing. Deep feeling and
love of freedom permeate all his work.
Hartmann von Aue (härt'män fön ou'é). A
German mediæval poet; born about 1170; died
between 1210 and 1220. He took part in the
Crusades. He was one of the most eminent
poets of his time, and through the study and
imitation of the poets of Northern France,
brought about a revival of poetry in Germany.
His chief work is (Poor Heinrich, a senti.
mental legend, on which Longfellow based his
(Golden Legend. His romances (Erek) and
(Iwein,' written about 1190 and 1200 respect.
ively, were derived from Chrestien de Troyes.
His love songs, the noted «minne ” poems, are
light and graceful.
Hartshorne, Henry. [«Corinne L'Estrange. ”]
An American physician, medical writer, and
poet; born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1823. He
has been professor in the University of Penn-
sylvania, Haverford College, and the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania. Besides val.
uable medical works, he has written (Woman's
Witchcraft,' a dramatic romance, and (Summer
Songs) (1865), a volume of verse.
Hartzenbusch, Juan Eugenio (härts'en-
bösh). A Spanish poet and playwright; son of
a German father and a Spanish mother; born
in Madrid, Sept. 6, 1806; died there, Aug. 3, 1880.
His plays adapted from the French were pro-
duced with success. (The Lovers of Teruel,
his first original drama and his masterpiece,
achieved speedy popularity. Others of his best
plays are: Doña Mencia); (The Bachelor
Mendarias); and (The Courtesan and the
Coward. They show liveliness of fancy, inge-
nuity of plot, and good metrical workmanship.
He also edited the Spanish playwrights, and
wrote pleasing poems and stories.
Haschka, Laurenz Leopold (häshʼkä). An
Austrian poet; born in Vienna, Sept. I, 1749;
died there, Aug. 3, 1827. His fame is mainly
due to (God Save Emperor Francis,' the na-
tional hymn of its period, and still an Aus-
trian popular song.
Hasebroek, Johannes Petrus (häs'è-brök).
A Dutch poet, preacher, and prose-writer;
born in Leyden, Nov. 6, 1812. His collected
(Poems, and two volumes entitled “Vesper)
and Hesperides) respectively, reveal him a
pleasing maker of verse; but his best-known
work is a collection of droll poems called
Jonathan's Truths and Dreams. His sermons
have been widely circulated in book form.
Hassard, John Rose Greene. An American
journalist and musical and literary critic; born
in New York, Sept. 4, 1836; died there, April
18, 1888. He was for many years on the staff
of the New York Tribune as an authoritative
musical critic. His most important work is
"The Ring of the Nibelung); but he also
## p. 252 (#268) ############################################
(
(
252
HASSAUREK-HAUPT
achieved distinction with such books as Life cellaneous publications the best known are :
of Archbishop Hughes); Life of Pope Pius Journalistic London (1882); «The New Cey-
IX. '; A Pickwickian Pilgrimage'; etc.
lon) (1882); Henry Irving's Impressions of
America) (1884); (Reminiscences of J. L. Toole,
Hassaurek, Friedrich (häs'sour''ek). An
Comedian (1888).
Austrian-American prose and verse-writer;
born in Vienna, Oct. 9, 1832; died at Paris, Hauch, Johannes Carsten (houch). A Dan.
Oct. 3, 1885. As a boy he was a volunteer ish poet and novelist; born in Frederikshald,
soldier in the Austrian army in 1848, but came Norway, May 12, 1790 ; died at Rome, March
to this country the next year, and was long a 4, 1872. A several-years' European tour ended
journalist in Cincinnati. He was United States by the amputation of his foot in Italy. He
minister to Ecuador under Lincoln. (Four lectured on physics at Soro, and was professor
Years among the South-Americans,' a volume of poetry at Kiel. The revolution of 1848 drew
of sketches; (The Secret of the Andes,' a him in, and he took permanent refuge in Scan-
novel; and a collection of verses written in dinavia; was made professor of æsthetics in the
German, are his remembered works.
Copenhagen University, and held the post till
his death. His plays won him his first general
Hasselt, André Henri Constant van (häs'-
recognition, and several have had brilliant suc-
selt). A Belgian poet and historian; born in
cess both in Scandinavia and Germany. (Con-
Maastricht, Holland, Jan. 5, 1806; died in Brus-
trasterne) and Rosaura) were the earliest; and
sels, Nov. 30, 1874. As a naturalized Belgian
(Tiberius, (Don Juan,' and (Tycho Brahe,'
he early made that country his own from a
among the later. Hamadryads gave him fame
literary point of view, and became in 1837 a
in romantic poetry, and his lyrics rank him as
member of the Belgian Academy. His leading Denmark's foremost poet of nature and senti-
historical works are: “History of French Poetry
ment. His romances, especially (William Za.
in Belgium); (The Belgians in the Crusades);
bern,''Guldmageren, (The Story of Thorwald
(History of the Belgian People'; and (The
Vidförle, and (Robert Fulton,' have passed
Glories of Art in Belgium. He also produced
through many editions. In him, depth of feel-
a variety of verses, stories, and essays. His
ing unites with taste and mysticism in a charm-
poems are highly spoken of, especially the one
ing whole.
entitled (Four Incarnations of Christ.
Hauenschild, Richard Georg Spiller von.
Hathaway, Benjamin. An American writer See Waldau.
of verse ; born in Cayuga County, N. Y. , 1822.
Hauff, Wilhelm (houf). A German story-
He wrote poems with chalk on barrel heads
writer ; born at Stuttgart, Nov. 29, 1802; died
while working as a cooper, and was for thirty
there, Oct. 18, 1827. From the monastery at
years a nurseryman and farmer. He has writ-
Blaubeuren, he went to Tübingen to study the-
ten: (Art Life, and Other Poems) (1877);
ology, but became tutor in the family of a high
(League of the Iroquois) (1881); (The Finished
official. His works include: (Almanach of
Creation.
Fables for 1826); (Extracts from Satan's Me-
Hatifi, Maulânâ Abdallah (Pers. pron. hâ- moirs ); Lichtenstein); (Othello); (The Beg-
tif'i). A Persian poet; born in Chargird, gar of the Pont des Arts); and a medley of the
province of Herat, in the fifteenth century;
most fascinating and amusing tales. His most
died 1520 (? ). His fame rests upon a series of
delightful creation is (Phantasies of the Bremen
five epic poems in couplets, in which he takes Rathskeller,' in which his fertility of resource
Nisâmi and Amir Chusrau, of Delhi, as his and sparkling wit seem unfailing. *
models. Three of the series are : Laila and
Haug, Johann Cristoph Friedrich (houg).
Georgians); (A Fair Philosopher); (Her Wait-
ing Heart'; (Woman's Secrets, or How to be
Beautiful); and other books.
Hammond, William Alexander. A distin-
guished American physician and medical
writer, also a novelist; born at Annapolis,
Md. , Aug. 28, 1828. His home is in New
York. He was surgeon-general in the Civil
War (1862–64). Among his novels are: “Rob-
ert Severne) (1866); Dr. Grattan) (1884);
(Lal) (1884); "On the Susquehanna (1887).
Hanaford, Mrs. Phebe Ann (Coffin). An
American miscellaneous writer and Universalist
minister; born in Massachusetts in 1829. She
was the first of her sex to become a member
of the Universalist clergy. In 1887 she was
called to a church in New Haven, Conn. , and
has retained the charge ever since. Her works
are: Life of Abraham Lincoln); Life of
George Peabody); (Lucretia the Quakeress);
"Leonette, or Truth Sought and Found); (The
Best of Books and its History); Frank Nel-
son, the Runaway Boy); (The Soldier's Daugh-
ter'; 'Field, Gunboat, and Hospital; (Women
of the Century); (From Shore to Shore, and
Other Poems'; etc.
Hannay, James. An English novelist and
essayist; born at Dumfries, Scotland, Feb. 17,
1827; died near Barcelona, Spain, Jan. 9, 1873.
He was a midshipman for some years. His
contributions to Edinburgh periodicals, since
collected, have been widely read; and his nov.
els King Dobbs, (Singleton Fontenoy,' and
Eustace Conyers,' went through more than
one edition. His ability is in satire and deli-
cate irony rather than in characterization.
Hansen, Maurits Christopher (hän'sen). A
Norwegian poet; born in Modum, July 5, 1794;
died at Kongsberg, March 16, 1842. His models
in fiction seem to have been Fouqué and Tieck.
As a poet he is best represented by the volume
of Norse Idylls. ' His style is limpid, and
shows the influence of German studies. He
also wrote school grammars, and manuals of
literature, that have been widely used in Nor-
way.
Hanslick, Eduard (häns'lik). A German
musical critic and writer on æsthetics; born
at Prague, Sept. II, 1825. He surpassed all
contemporary workers in the field of musical
criticism, holding the position of professor of
musical criticism and history in the Vienna
University. He is a recognized authority among
European authors in music and æsthetics, owing
to his wit, imaginative power, thorough knowl.
edge of his specialties, and perfect command
of a luminous and pleasing style.
Hanssen, Ola (hän'sen). A Swedish-German
poet and author; born in Hönsing, Sweden,
Nov. 12, 1860. He had a passion for travel ;
going on foot in his impecunious early years,
but his first poems were successful enough to
improve his means. His masterpiece was "Love
Longings) (Sensitiva Amorosa), brought out
in 1887, and since translated into German and
French. He has lived in Berlin since 1889,
and written in German with grace and facility.
His poems combine vigorous thought with deli-
cate workmanship, and his literary essays are
those of an able and learned critic. ·
Hapgood, Isabella Florence. An American
translator and writer, who has paid particular
attention to Russian subjects; born in Massa-
chusetts in 1850. She has published (The Epic
Songs of Russia); (Russian Rambles); and is
well known as a translator of the works of Go.
gol, Hugo, and other great European writers.
Hapgood, Norman. An American journalist
of New York; born in Illinois. He graduated
at Harvard, and studied literature in Europe.
He is one of the younger members of the
journalistic guild in the metropolis, and has
published (Literary Statesmen and Others. )
Happel, Eberhard Werner (häp'el). A
German writer of fiction and prose miscellany;
born in Kirchhain, Hesse, Aug. 12, 1647; died
at Hamburg, May 15, 1690. His (Academic
Romance) is important as a contribution to
the records of literary and artistic evolution.
Harby, Isaac. An American dramatist;
born in South Carolina, 1788; died 1828. His
home was in Charleston, S. C. He wrote:
(Alexander Severus); (The Gordian Knot);
(Alberti); etc.
Hardenberg, Friedrich von. See Novalis.
Hardinge, Mrs. Belle Boyd. An American
Southern woman who acted as a Confederate
spy in the Civil War. She wrote Belle Boyd
in Camp and Prison' (London and New York,
1865).
Hardy, Alexandre (är-de'). A French play-
wright; born at Paris about 1570; died near
## p. 248 (#264) ############################################
248
HARBY
HARRADEN
his brother Julius Charles he wrote (Guesses
at Truth. '
Versailles (? ), 1631. He is said to have been
one of the first French playwrights,” properly
speaking. His plays number some hundreds,
and he borrowed his materials from Cervantes,
Boccaccio, and any other author he found avail-
able. His best effort is probably Mariamne,'
produced in 16io. Such talent as he possessed
was for construction and adaptation, and for
felicitous dialogue.
Hardy, Arthur Sherburne. An American
novelist, poet, and man of letters ; born at An-
dover, Mass. , Aug. 13, 1847. He graduated from
West Point, and commanded a military post in
the South for two years. His poetry consists
mainly of lyrics and sonnets, while his novels
are full of interest and charm. He is a skilled
musician. In 1897 he was appointed minister
to Persia. "But Yet a Woman) and (The
Wind of Destiny) are among the more im-
portant of his novels. (Passe-Rose) is a French
idyl. His poems have been published in nu-
merous magazines, and some of his mathemati-
cal studies have taken shape in a volume on
Quaternions. *
Hardy, Iza Duffus. An English novelist,
daughter of Sir Thomas. She began story-
writing very early, and has been a frequent
contributor to the magazines. Among her nu-
merous novels are : (Glencairn (1877); (Only
a Love Story' (1877); (A Broken Faith (1878);
(The Love that He Passed By) (1884), an
American novel; (A Woman's Loyalty' (1893);
and two volumes of transatlantic reminis-
cences, Between Two Oceans) (1884) and
(Oranges and Alligators: Sketches of South
Florida Life) (1886).
Hardy, Thomas. An English novelist; born
in Dorsetshire, June 2, 1840. His works in-
clude: Desperate Remedies) (1871); (Under
the Greenwood Tree) (1872); (A Pair of Blue
Eyes) (1873); (Far from the Madding Crowd)
(1874); (The Hand of Ethelberta) (1876); “The
Return of the Native) (1878); (The Trumpet
Major) (1880); A Laodicean) (1881); (Two
on a Tower) (1882); (The Mayor of Caster-
bridge) (1886); (The Woodlanders) (1887);
(Wessex Tales) (1888); (A Group of Noble
Dames) (1891); (Tess of the D'Urbervilles)
(1891); Life's Little Ironies) (1894); Jude
the Obscure); and others. *
Hare, Augustus John Cuthbert. An Eng-
lish descriptive writer; born in Rome, March
13, 1834. He was a graduate of Oxford. The
son of a rich father, he was enabled from his
earliest youth to gratify a taste for travel, on
descriptions of which his fame chiefly rests.
Among his happiest efforts are: (A Winter at
Mentone) (1861); (Walks in Rome) (1870);
(Wanderings in Spain (1872); (Walks in Lon-
don (1877); Days near Paris) (1887); and
a narrative of travel in southern France. A
volume of personal recollections (1895) has
been widely read.
Hare, Augustus William. An English cler-
gyman and writer: born 1792: died 1834. With
Hare, Julius Charles. An English theolo-
gian; born 1795; died 1855. His wcrks include:
(Mission of the Comforter) (1846); (The Con.
test with Rome (1852); Vindication of Luther)
(1854). See also Augustus William.
Haren, Onno Zwier van (här'en). A Dutch
poet and statesman; born at Leeuwarden,
April 2, 1713; died near Wolvega, Friesland,
Sept. 2, 1772. An active public man
on the
Orange side, he was forced into retirement by
an obscure scandal after the death of Anne,
wife of William IV. , and took to literary work.
His best production is an epic, (The Father-
land, portraying the Dutch struggle for free.
dom. His lyric poetry is good; and a tra-
gedy, William I. ,' is still generally read. His
work on William IV. is a masterpiece of Dutch
prose.
Haren, Willem van. A Dutch poet and
statesman, brother of Onno; born at Leeu-
warden, Feb. 21, 1710; committed suicide in
North Brabant, July 4, 1768. He held import-
ant governmental posts but was ruined by
speculation. His celebrated poem (Leonidas)
(1742) was written to inspire the Hollanders
with his own enthusiasm for liberty and the
war of the Austrian succession. Even more
meritorious are his odes on human happiness
and the vicissitudes of life; but his epic poem
Friso, despite imperfections, won him his
greatest fame.
Harington, Sir John. An English poet and
wit; born at Kelston, near Bath, in 1561; died
there, Nov. 20, 1612. He was a soldier, courtier,
and scholar, in favor with Queen Elizabeth,
and a power in public affairs. His translation
of Ariosto's (Orlando Furioso,' undertaken by
command of Queen Elizabeth, is meritorious;
but his talent displayed itself best in epigram.
His witty verses in ridicule of his contempo-
raries got him into trouble occasionally, but
never into serious difficulty. He was the Mar-
tial of his day, though of less genius.
Harland, Henry. [“Sidney Luska. ”] An
American novelist; born in New York, 1861.
A few years ago he removed to London,
where he edits the Yellow Book. He is author
of : (As It was Written (1885), a musician's
story; Mrs. Peixada) (1886); (The Land of
Love) (1887); (My Uncle Florimond (1888);
(The Yoke of the Thorah) (1887); Mr. Son-
nenschein's Inheritance) (1888); (A Latin
Quarter Courtship'; etc.
Harland, Marion. See Terhune.
Harraden, Beatrice. An English novelist,
daughter of an East India agent in London ;
born about 1864. After private schooling and
a season in Germany, she took her degree at
London University at 21, showing marked ex-
cellence in languages. She was then employed
in a publishing-house, but ill-health compelled
her to leave. Her first novel, “Ships that Pass
## p. 249 (#265) ############################################
HARRIGAN
-
HARRISON
249
>
in the Night, was instantly successful. This
was followed by (In Varying Moods) (1894);
(Things will Take a Turn) (1894); (Hilda
Strafford, a Californian story.
Harrigan, Edward. A noted American actor
and playwright; born in New York, 1845. He
formed a partnership with Tony Hart (1871-
85), when the two opened in New York their
first Theatre Comique (1876), bringing out there
the "Mulligan Guard) series of plays. Among
his dramas, which are all of humble New York
life, strong in character-drawing though weak
in a literary sense, may be named "Squatter
Sovereignty) and “Cordelia's Aspirations.
Harris, Amanda Bartlett. An American
writer of juveniles; born at Warner, N. H. , 1824.
Besides numerous contributions to periodicals,
she has published many pleasing books, in-
cluding “How We Went Bird-Nesting); “Wild
Flowers, and where They Grow); (The Luck
of Edenhall”; etc.
Harris, Augustus Glossop, Sir. An Eng-
lish actor, manager, and dramatist; born in
Paris in 1852; died in Folkestone, England, Jan.
22, 1896. Appearing on the stage in 1873, in
1879 he became lessee and manager of Drury
Lane Theatre, where he produced popular pan-
tomimes and melodramas written in collabora.
tion - among them : (The World); (Youth);
(Human Nature); (Run of Luck); Prodigal
Daughter); Life of Pleasure); (Derby Win-
ner. ' He induced the revival of grand opera
at Covent Garden. He was made sheriff of
London and knighted in 1891.
Harris, George Washington. An American
humorist; born in Allegheny County, Pa. , 1814;
died 1869. While a Tennessee River steam-
boat captain he wrote, about 1860, for the New
York Spirit of the Times, a series of broadly
humorous character sketches called “Sut Loven-
good's Yarns, published in book form in 1867.
Harris, Joel Chandler. An American jour.
nalist and story-writer; born at Eatonton, Geor-
gia, Dec. 8, 1848. He began life as a printer's
apprentice, and afterwards studied law, drifting
finally into journalism. He had a thorough
familiarity with the negro of the post-bellum
period, and while editing an Atlanta paper he
produced for it the series of Uncle Remus)
sketches and songs which immediately made
him known. (The Folk-Lore of the Old Plant-
ation) appeared in 1880, followed by Nights
with Uncle Remus) (1883); (Mingo and Other
Sketches) (1883); (Daddy Jake, the Runaway)
(1889); and a number of poems and essays.
In a more serious vein is his biography of the
lamented Henry W. Grady, a work of genuine
power. *
Harris, Mrs. Miriam (Coles). A well-known
American novelist; born at Dosoris, L. I. , 1834.
Her home is in New York. She has written:
Rutledge) (1860); (The Sutherlands) (1862)—
both widely read; (Frank Warrington); A
Perfect Adonis); Missy); etc. A complete
edition of her novels appeared in 1885.
Harris, Thomas Lake. A noted American
mystic philosopher and religious and social
reformer; born at Fenny Stratford, England,
May 15, 1823. He founded the Brotherhood
of the New Life, of which Laurence Oliphant
was a member. Among his numerous works
in prose and verse are: (The Great Republic,
a Poem of the Sun(1867); (Arcana of Christ
ianity) (2 vols. , 1868); "God's Breath in Man)
(1891).
Harris, William Torrey. A distinguished
American educator, and writer on education
and philosophy; born at Killingly, Conn. , Sept.
10, 1835. He established the Journal of Spec-
ulative Philosophy (1867), the first publication
of its kind in the English language, and be-
came United States Commissioner of Education
(1889). Among his works are : (Hegel's Logic)
(1890), a critical exposition; (The Spiritual
Sense of Dante's Divina Commedia) (1891);
and "Introduction to Philosophy. '
Harrison, Mrs. Burton (Constance Cary).
An American novelist and miscellaneous writer;
born at Vaucluse, Va. , about 1835; resides
in New York. She has written : (Woman's
Handiwork in Modern Homes) (1881); (Old-
Fashioned Fairy-Book) (1884); Bar Harbor
Days (1887); and the novels (The Anglo-
maniacs); (An Errant Wooing); (A Bachelor
Maid); (A Son of the Old Dominion) (1897);
and others.
Harrison, Frederic.
An English essayist,
thinker, and publicist ; born in London, Oct. 18,
1831. Since graduation from Oxford he has
served on various scientific and legal commis-
sions; writing in connection therewith, reports,
essays, books on sociology, law, and ethics.
In the domain of philosophy his expositions
of Comte have given him an international rep-
utation. (The Meaning of History) (1862);
(Order and Progress) (1875); (Choice of Books)
(1886); (Oliver Cromwell (1888); (Annals of an
Old Manor House ); «The Study of History);
and various works on current controversies, are
among his widely read productions. *
Harrison, James Albert. An American
educator and miscellaneous writer; born at
Pass Christian, Miss. , 1848. He is professor
of languages at Washington and Lee Univer-
sity, Va. (1876). He has written : (A Group
of Poets and their Haunts) (1875); (Greek
Vignettes) (1878); (Spain in Profile) (1879);
(History of Spain (1881); (Autrefois : Tales of
Old New Orleans and Elsewhere) (1888); etc.
Harrison, Jane Ellen. An English lecturer
and writer on Greek art and mythology; born
in 1850. She began her career as a lecturer
in 1882 at the British Museum, and has since
extended her work to South Kensington and
most of the provincial towns. She has been
prominently identified with the university ex-
tension movement. Among her publications
may be mentioned : Myths of the Odyssey)
(1881); (Introductory Studies in Greek Art)
(1885); Mythology and Monuments of Ancient
Athens.
## p. 250 (#266) ############################################
250
HARRISSE - HARTING
(
Harrisse, Henri (har-es'). An American
critic, bibliographer, and historian; born in Paris,
1830, of Russian-Hebrew parentage. He became
a citizen of the United States, and for several
years practiced law in New York. He has
written (Christopher Columbus) (2 vols. , 1884-
85); John and Sebastian Cabot) (1883); (The
Discovery of North America'; etc.
Harsdörfer, George Philip (härs'dėrf-er).
A German poet; born in Nürnberg, Nov. I,
1607; died there, Sept. 22, 1658. After legal
studies and extensive travel, he settled down
to official employment in his native town. In
1644 he helped to found a fraternal literary
and horticultural society, the Pegnitz Order,
which did good work in improving literary
language.
Best remembered of his many
works are: (The Poetical Funnel, for "pour-
ing in knowledge, a satirical royal road »
to poesy; and a Manual of Polite Conversa-
tion, which explains itself.
Harsha, David Addison. An American re-
ligious writer and biographer; born at South
Argyle, N. Y. , 1827. He has written (Lives)
of Charles Sumner, Doddridge, Baxter, Bun-
yan, Addison, James Hervey, Watts, Whitefield,
Abraham Booth, and (Eminent Orators and
Statesmen) (1855).
Hart, Albert Bushnell. An American edu-
cator, historian, biographer, and essayist; born
at Clarksville, Pa. , July 1, 1854. He is pro-
fessor of history at Harvard University. He
has written : (Coercive Powers of the United
States Government) (1885); Introduction to
the Study of Federal Government) (1890);
"Studies in Education); Life of Salmon P.
Chase); Practical Essays on American Gov-
ernment); etc. He is editing a series of works
on special periods of our national history, now
(1897) in course of publication.
Hart, Charles Henry. An American art
critic, antiquarian, and biographer; born in
Philadelphia, 1847. Among his published works
are : (Remarks on Tabasco, Mexico) (1865);
(Memoirs of William Hickling Prescott) (1868);
(Memoirs of William Willis) (1870); (George
Ticknor) (1871); (Turner, the Dream Painter)
(1879); and (Samuel S. Haldeman (1881).
Hart, Heinrich (härt). A German poet and
critic; born in Wesel, Dec. 30, 1855. His early
studies were historical, philosophical, and phi-
lological. He is a journalist, a dramatic and
literary critic, and one of the leaders of what
is known as the naturalistic movement in lit.
erature. In collaboration with his brother
Julius, he projected a variety of successful peri-
odical publications. His poetical works include
a volume of verse; a tragedy, (Sedan); and an
elaborate (Song of Mankind, of which but the
first few parts have yet appeared. He has
issued a volume of sketches, (Children of the
Light.
Hart, Julius. A German poet and prose-
writer, brother of Heinrich; born in Münster
April 9, 1859; resides in Berlin. His earliest
:
efforts were in newspaper dramatic criticisms.
His poems include : Sansara, a volume of
verse ; “Don Juan Tenorio,' a tragedy in lyric
form ; and Homo Sum. ' He is a graceful
translator of poetry from the Persian, English,
and Spanish. His poetry and prose are char-
acterized by euphony and limpidity of style.
Harte, (Francis) Bret. A famous American
short-story writer and poet; born in Albany,
N. Y. , Aug. 25, 1839. He has published: (Out-
croppings) (1866), a collection of verse by
Californians, edited anonymously ; (The Lost
Galleon, and Other Tales) (1867); (Condensed
Novels) (1867); (The Luck of Roaring Camp,
and Other Sketches) (1870); Plain Language
from Truthful James) (1870), illustrated edi.
tion ; (The Heathen Chinee) (1871), special
edition; Poems) (1871); East and West
Poems) (1871); “Stories of the Sierras) (1872);
(Poetical Works) (1872); (Mrs. Skaggs's Hus-
bands, and Other Sketches); (M'liss) (1873);
Complete Works) (1873); (An Episode of Fid-
dletown, and Other Sketches) (1873); (Echoes
of the Foot-Hills) (1875); “Tales of the Argo-
nauts, and Other Sketches) (1875); (Gabriel
Conroy' (1876); (Two Men of Sandy Bar)
(1876), a drama; (Thankful Blossom (1877);
(The Story of a Mine) (1878); (The Hoodlum
Band, and Other Stories) (1878); Drift from
Two Shores) (1878); (An Heiress of Red Dog,
and Other Tales) (1879); (The Twins of Mar-
ble Mountain, and Other Stories) (1879); "Com-
plete Works) (1882); (Flip and Other Stories )
(1882); (In the Carquinez Woods) (1884); (On
the Frontier) (1884); Maruja! (1885); By
Shore and Sedge) (1885); (Snow Bound at
Eagle's) (1885); (The Queen of the Pirate Isle
(1886); (A Millionaire of Rough and Ready)
(1887); Devil's Ford (1887); (The Crusade of
the Excelsior) (1887); (The Argonauts of North
Liberty) (1888); A Phyllis of the Sierras)
(1888); “Cressy) (1889); (The Heritage of Ded-
low Marsh, and Other Tales) (1889); A Waif
of the Plains) (1890); A Ward of the Golden
Gate (1890); A Sappho of Green Springs, and
Other Stories) (1891); (Colonel Starbottle's
Client and Other People) (1892); (A First Family
of Tasajera' (1892); (Susy) (1893); (Sally
Dows, and Other Stories) (1893); A Protégée
of Jack Hamlin's, and Other Stories) (1894);
(The Bell-Ringer of Angel's, and Other Stories)
(1894); Clarence) (1895); In the Hollow of
the Hills) (1895); “Three Partners); etc. *
Harting, James Edmund. An English nat-
uralist; born in London, April 29, 1841. He
matriculated at the University of London in
1859, and followed the profession of a solicitor
until 1878, when he retired and devoted him-
self to zoological research. He is editor of
the natural-history columns of the Field, and
also has charge of the Zoologist. Among his
numerous publications are: (The Ornithology
of Shakespeare) (1871); (Handbook of British
Birds) (1871); (Rambles in Search of Shells)
(1875); British Animals Extinct within His-
toric Times) (1880); (Essays on Sport and
Natural History) (1883).
## p. 251 (#267) ############################################
HARTLEY - HASSARD
251
.
Hartley, Cecil B. An American biographer
and miscellaneous writer ; born 18-died 18–
He wrote Lives) of Louis Wetzel, the Vir-
ginia ranger; of the Empress Josephine (1860);
of Francis Marion ; and of Daniel Boone.
Also (Hunting Sports of the West.
Hartmann, Alfred (härt'män). A Swiss au-
thor; born Jan. I, 1814, near Langenthal, Bern.
He studied law at German universities, but
after a sojourn in Paris abandoned jurispru-
dence and devoted himself to literary pursuits
at Solothurn, where for many years he pub-
lished a comic periodical called Postheiri
. His
chief works are the romance (Master Putsch
and his Companions) (1858); (Martin Disteli)
(1861), a biography; 'Gallery of Famous Swiss)
(1863-71); (Tales from the Swiss) (1863); “Swiss
Tales) (1877); (Fortunatus) (1879).
Hartmann, Eduard von. A German phi-
losopher; born at Berlin, Feb. 23. 1842. At 22
he chose for his life vocation “thinking,"
or philosophy, and on his retirement from
the Prussian military service (1865), devoted
himself wholly for some years to writing his
great work (The Philosophy of the Uncon-
scious) (1868; 10th ed. , 3 vols. , 1890); in the
later editions of this work are incorporated
his (Physiology of the Nerve-Centres) (1876);
(The Truth and the Error in Darwinism)
(1875); and (The Unconscious from the Stand-
point of Physiology and the Doctrine of De-
scent) (1872). Then followed (The Ethical
Consciousness, or as it was at first entitled,
(Phenomenology of the Ethical Consciousness )
(1879); (The Philosophy of Religion (2d ed.
1888), comprising (The Religious Conscious-
ness of Mankind) and (The Religion of the
Soul”; Æsthetics) (2 vols. , 1886-87), compris-
ing' (German Æsthetics since Kant) and (The
Philosophy of the Beautiful. ? Besides these
works, which constitute his exposition of a
system of philosophy, he has written : "On the
Dialectic Method) (1868); (The Thing in It-
self and its Nature (1871); (Critical Grounds
of Transcendental Realism' (3d ed. 1885); (Elu-
cidations of the Metaphysics of the Uncon.
scious) (1874), afterwards styled New-Kant-
ianism, Schopenhauerism, and Hegelianism);
"Self-Destruction of Christianity, and the Reli-
gion of the Future ( 3d ed. 1888); (The Crisis of
Christianity in Modern Theology (1880); “Juda-
ism in the Present and the Future) (1885);
Lotze's Philosophy) (1888); “The Ghost-The-
ory in Spiritism' (1891); (The Fundamental
Social Questions) (1894); and many other
works on society, religion, politics, literature,
art, etc.
Hartmann, Moritz. An Austrian poet and
agitator; born in Duschnik, Bohemia, Oct.
15, 1821 ; died in Vienna, May 13, 1872. He
was from youth an ardent social reformer,
and wrote poems under this inspiration. His
(Chalice and Sword' (1845) was distinctly
revolutionary. He became a “poet of the
people, participated in the movement of 1848,
and was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament.
His Poetic Chronicle of Father Mauritius)
(1849) attained a wide popularity. He lived
in exile for some years, but continued to write
poetry and prose in his wanderings, his repu-
tation constantly increasing. Deep feeling and
love of freedom permeate all his work.
Hartmann von Aue (härt'män fön ou'é). A
German mediæval poet; born about 1170; died
between 1210 and 1220. He took part in the
Crusades. He was one of the most eminent
poets of his time, and through the study and
imitation of the poets of Northern France,
brought about a revival of poetry in Germany.
His chief work is (Poor Heinrich, a senti.
mental legend, on which Longfellow based his
(Golden Legend. His romances (Erek) and
(Iwein,' written about 1190 and 1200 respect.
ively, were derived from Chrestien de Troyes.
His love songs, the noted «minne ” poems, are
light and graceful.
Hartshorne, Henry. [«Corinne L'Estrange. ”]
An American physician, medical writer, and
poet; born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1823. He
has been professor in the University of Penn-
sylvania, Haverford College, and the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania. Besides val.
uable medical works, he has written (Woman's
Witchcraft,' a dramatic romance, and (Summer
Songs) (1865), a volume of verse.
Hartzenbusch, Juan Eugenio (härts'en-
bösh). A Spanish poet and playwright; son of
a German father and a Spanish mother; born
in Madrid, Sept. 6, 1806; died there, Aug. 3, 1880.
His plays adapted from the French were pro-
duced with success. (The Lovers of Teruel,
his first original drama and his masterpiece,
achieved speedy popularity. Others of his best
plays are: Doña Mencia); (The Bachelor
Mendarias); and (The Courtesan and the
Coward. They show liveliness of fancy, inge-
nuity of plot, and good metrical workmanship.
He also edited the Spanish playwrights, and
wrote pleasing poems and stories.
Haschka, Laurenz Leopold (häshʼkä). An
Austrian poet; born in Vienna, Sept. I, 1749;
died there, Aug. 3, 1827. His fame is mainly
due to (God Save Emperor Francis,' the na-
tional hymn of its period, and still an Aus-
trian popular song.
Hasebroek, Johannes Petrus (häs'è-brök).
A Dutch poet, preacher, and prose-writer;
born in Leyden, Nov. 6, 1812. His collected
(Poems, and two volumes entitled “Vesper)
and Hesperides) respectively, reveal him a
pleasing maker of verse; but his best-known
work is a collection of droll poems called
Jonathan's Truths and Dreams. His sermons
have been widely circulated in book form.
Hassard, John Rose Greene. An American
journalist and musical and literary critic; born
in New York, Sept. 4, 1836; died there, April
18, 1888. He was for many years on the staff
of the New York Tribune as an authoritative
musical critic. His most important work is
"The Ring of the Nibelung); but he also
## p. 252 (#268) ############################################
(
(
252
HASSAUREK-HAUPT
achieved distinction with such books as Life cellaneous publications the best known are :
of Archbishop Hughes); Life of Pope Pius Journalistic London (1882); «The New Cey-
IX. '; A Pickwickian Pilgrimage'; etc.
lon) (1882); Henry Irving's Impressions of
America) (1884); (Reminiscences of J. L. Toole,
Hassaurek, Friedrich (häs'sour''ek). An
Comedian (1888).
Austrian-American prose and verse-writer;
born in Vienna, Oct. 9, 1832; died at Paris, Hauch, Johannes Carsten (houch). A Dan.
Oct. 3, 1885. As a boy he was a volunteer ish poet and novelist; born in Frederikshald,
soldier in the Austrian army in 1848, but came Norway, May 12, 1790 ; died at Rome, March
to this country the next year, and was long a 4, 1872. A several-years' European tour ended
journalist in Cincinnati. He was United States by the amputation of his foot in Italy. He
minister to Ecuador under Lincoln. (Four lectured on physics at Soro, and was professor
Years among the South-Americans,' a volume of poetry at Kiel. The revolution of 1848 drew
of sketches; (The Secret of the Andes,' a him in, and he took permanent refuge in Scan-
novel; and a collection of verses written in dinavia; was made professor of æsthetics in the
German, are his remembered works.
Copenhagen University, and held the post till
his death. His plays won him his first general
Hasselt, André Henri Constant van (häs'-
recognition, and several have had brilliant suc-
selt). A Belgian poet and historian; born in
cess both in Scandinavia and Germany. (Con-
Maastricht, Holland, Jan. 5, 1806; died in Brus-
trasterne) and Rosaura) were the earliest; and
sels, Nov. 30, 1874. As a naturalized Belgian
(Tiberius, (Don Juan,' and (Tycho Brahe,'
he early made that country his own from a
among the later. Hamadryads gave him fame
literary point of view, and became in 1837 a
in romantic poetry, and his lyrics rank him as
member of the Belgian Academy. His leading Denmark's foremost poet of nature and senti-
historical works are: “History of French Poetry
ment. His romances, especially (William Za.
in Belgium); (The Belgians in the Crusades);
bern,''Guldmageren, (The Story of Thorwald
(History of the Belgian People'; and (The
Vidförle, and (Robert Fulton,' have passed
Glories of Art in Belgium. He also produced
through many editions. In him, depth of feel-
a variety of verses, stories, and essays. His
ing unites with taste and mysticism in a charm-
poems are highly spoken of, especially the one
ing whole.
entitled (Four Incarnations of Christ.
Hauenschild, Richard Georg Spiller von.
Hathaway, Benjamin. An American writer See Waldau.
of verse ; born in Cayuga County, N. Y. , 1822.
Hauff, Wilhelm (houf). A German story-
He wrote poems with chalk on barrel heads
writer ; born at Stuttgart, Nov. 29, 1802; died
while working as a cooper, and was for thirty
there, Oct. 18, 1827. From the monastery at
years a nurseryman and farmer. He has writ-
Blaubeuren, he went to Tübingen to study the-
ten: (Art Life, and Other Poems) (1877);
ology, but became tutor in the family of a high
(League of the Iroquois) (1881); (The Finished
official. His works include: (Almanach of
Creation.
Fables for 1826); (Extracts from Satan's Me-
Hatifi, Maulânâ Abdallah (Pers. pron. hâ- moirs ); Lichtenstein); (Othello); (The Beg-
tif'i). A Persian poet; born in Chargird, gar of the Pont des Arts); and a medley of the
province of Herat, in the fifteenth century;
most fascinating and amusing tales. His most
died 1520 (? ). His fame rests upon a series of
delightful creation is (Phantasies of the Bremen
five epic poems in couplets, in which he takes Rathskeller,' in which his fertility of resource
Nisâmi and Amir Chusrau, of Delhi, as his and sparkling wit seem unfailing. *
models. Three of the series are : Laila and
Haug, Johann Cristoph Friedrich (houg).
