He wrote:
'History of Journalism in the United States)
(1873).
'History of Journalism in the United States)
(1873).
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
21,
1892. He was intended for the church, but his
talent as a writer of songs and plays, comic,
patriotic, and sentimental, decided his career.
(The Neighbors, a farce, made his reputation
while yet a theological student. His best play
is Master and Pupil. Later, as a clergyman, he
brought out more serious work : (Eva,' a drama;
a volume of Popular Discourses); and various
other productions. His is one of the foremost
names in later Danish literature.
Houghton, George Washington Wright.
(hoton). An American journalist and writer
of verse; born at Cambridge, Mass. , 1850; died
1891. His home was in New York. He wrote:
'Songs from Over the Sea) (1874); (The Le-
gend of St. Olaf's Kirk) (1881); Niagara)
(1882); etc.
Houghton, Richard Monckton Milnes, Lord
(houton). An English poet, critic, and states-
man; born in Fryston Hall, Yorkshire, June
19, 1809; died at Vichy, France, Aug. 11, 1885.
A Conservative in Parliament, he joined the
Liberals under Lord John Russell, and in 1863
was raised to the peerage.
His best poetry
appears in: Memorials of a Tour in Greece);
(Memorials of a Residence on the Continent,
and Historical Poems); Poems of Many
Years); (Palm Leaves); and a few other small
volumes. His prose is remarkable for the pur-
ity of its Saxon style. It includes: Life, Let-
ters, and Literary Remains of John Keats);
Monographs, Personal and Political); and
various essays in criticism.
House, Edward Howard. An American
journalist and story-writer; born at Boston. He
was a musical and dramatic critic in Boston
and New York ; afterwards professor of English
language and literature in the University of
Tokio, Japan (1871-73), acting as correspond-
ent of the New York Herald. He has written :
Japanese Episodes) (1881); Yone Santo)
(1888), a story of life in Japan; (The Mid-
night Warning, and Other Stories ); (The
Kagosima Affair); etc.
Houssaye, Arsène (ö-sā') A French novel-
ist, dramatist, and critic; born in Bruyères,
near Laon, March 28, 1815. He came early
to Paris, and had written two novels at the
age of twenty-one, «The Sinner) being still
remembered. He wrote (The Caprices of the
Marchioness, (The Comedy at the Window,
and other successful light plays, and became
a stage manager. His later novels include:
(The Beautiful Raffaëlla); (Marion's Repent-
ance); (Romance of the Duchess ); (Women
as They Are); (Women of the Past'; etc.
His art and theatrical criticisms are exceed-
ingly good; the History of French Art in
the Eighteenth Century, Portrait Gallery of
the Eighteenth Century,' and (Studies of Vol.
taire and Rousseau, rank high. His style is
clear and graceful.
Houssaye, Henri. A French historian and
critic, son of Arsène ; born in Paris, Feb. 24,
1848. He studied painting, but transferred his
attention to the study of Greek antiquity. Dur-
ing the siege of Paris in 1870 his gallant con-
duct earned him the Cross of the Legion of
Honor. His valuable publications include:
(History of Alcibiades and the Athenian Re-
public) (1875), crowned by the French Acad-
emy in 1874; Athens, Rome, and Paris (1878);
(History of the Conquest of Greece by the
Romans) (vol. 1. 1885); 1814,' a history of the .
campaign in France and the Fall of the Em-
pire, published in 1888.
Houwald, Christoph Ernst (hö'väld). A
German dramatic poet and story-writer; born
at Straupitz, Nov. 29, 1778; died at Neuhaus,
Jan. 28, 1845. He wrote fables and juvenile
stories, but his literary reputation depends
wholly upon his plays. "The Picture) and
(Curse and Benison are among his best works.
In construction, vigor of style, and ingenuity
of situation, he is remarkable. (The Prince
and the Townsman) and (The Enemies) are
striking examples in point.
Hovey, Richard. An American writer of
verse;
born in Illinois, 1864. His home is in
Washington, D. C. He has written : "Launce-
lot and Guenevere); (Gandolfo, a tragedy;
(Songs from Vagabondia); (More Songs from
Vagabondia' (with Bliss Carman); “The Lau-
rel, an ode; “Seaward); etc.
Howard, Blanche Willis. See Teuffel, von.
Howard, Bronson. A prominent American
playwright; born at Detroit, Mich. , Oct. 7,
1842; resides in New York. He was connected
with several newspapers in that city, 1867–72.
Among his very successful plays are: (Sara.
toga' (1870); “The Banker's Daughter) (1878);
Young Mrs. Winthrop) (1882); «The Hen.
rietta) (1887); "Shenandoah) (1889); (Aristoc-
racy' (1892); etc.
Howard, Edward. An English novelist;
born 18—; died Dec. 30, 1841. After serving
## p. 276 (#292) ############################################
276
HOWARD-HOWELLS
com-
in the navy, he wrote sea stories; and was
associated with Marryat in editing the Metropol-
itan Magazine in 1832. Later he joined the
staff of the New Monthly Magazine, then
edited by Hood. His greatest work, (Rattlin
the Reefer) (1836), met with much success.
Among his other works are: (The Old Com-
modore) (1837); (Outward Bound) (1838);
(Memoirs of Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, K. C. B. ?
(1839); (Jack Ashore); (The Centiad, a Poem
in Four Books) (1841); (Sir Henry Morgan, the
Buccaneer (1842).
Howard, Oliver Otis. A distinguished Amer-
ican general ; born at Leeds, Me. , Nov. 8, 1830.
A graduate of West Point, he rose to the rank
of brevet major-general United States Army in
the Civil War, and was president of Howard
University (1869-73). He has written : (Don-
ald's School-Days) (1879); (Nez Percé Joseph)
(1881), a valuable contribution to Indian litera-
ture ; (Isabella of Castile); etc.
Howarth, Mrs. Ellen Clementine (Doran).
An American writer of verse; born in New
York State, 1827. Her home is in Trenton,
N. J. She has published two volumes of verse
(1864 and 1867). The best known of her poems
are ('Tis but a Little Faded Flower, and
( Thou Wilt Never Grow Old.
Her poems
have been edited by Richard Watson Gilder
(1868).
Howe, Edgar Watson. An American jour-
nalist and novelist; born in Wabash County,
Ind. , 1854. He is proprietor, publisher, and
editor of the Daily Globe, Atchison, Kan. He
has written : (The Story of a Country Town)
(1883), which attracted considerable attention;
{The Mystery of the Locks); (A Moonlight
Boy); (A Man Story); etc.
Howe, Henry. An American historical writer
and compiler; born at New Haven, Conn. , 1816.
He has published: Memoir of Eminent Me-
chanics) (1839); (Travels and Adventures of
Celebrated Travelers) (1853); (Adventures and
Achievements of Americans) (1858); “Over the
World) (1883); (Our Whole Country); (The
Great West); etc.
Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward. A famous Ameri-
can poet, essayist, biographer, writer of travels,
and lecturer, daughter of Samuel Ward; born
in New York, May 27, 1819. A philanthropist,
interested especially in woman's suffrage, she
was the wife of Dr. Samuel G. Howe the phi-
lanthropist, and with him edited the anti-slavery
journal, the Boston Commonwealth. She is
best known as the author of the Battle Hymn
of the Republic) (1861), written during a visit
to the camps near Washington. Among her
works, besides several volumes of verse, are :
(The World's Own (1857), a drama; "Life of
Margaret Fuller) (1883); (Trip to Cuba) (1860);
Is Polite Society Polite ? and Other Essays);
etc. She also wrote: (Later Lyrics) ; (From
the Oak to the Olive); and "Sex and Educa-
tion. *
Howell, James. An English author; born
probably in Wales about 1594; died in Hol-
born, 1666. As steward of a glass-ware factory
and subsequently on public missions, he trav-
eled for several years on the Continent. He
became a clerk of council in 1640, was im-
prisoned during the civil war, and upon the
Restoration received the post of historiographer
royal as a reward for his loyalty to Charles I.
Of forty works on historical, political, poetical,
and philological subjects, only the Epistola
Ho-Elianæ; or, Familiar Letters) ( 1645-55 )
have survived.
Howells, William Dean. A famous Amer-
ican novelist and poet; born at Martinsville,
O. , March 1, 1837. He was consul at Ven-
ice 1861-65; editor-in-chief of the Atlantic
Monthly 1871-81; editor of The Editor's Study
in Harper's Magazine 1886-91; editor of the
Cosmopolitan 1892. Ilis very numerous pro-
ductions include the following: Poems of
Two Friends) (1860), with J. J. Piatt ; Life
of Abraham Lincoln) (1800); six poems in
(Poets and Poetry of the West) (1860); 'V'e-
netian Life) (1866); (Italian Journeys) (1867);
(No Love Lost: a Romance of Travel' (1809);
(Suburban Sketches (1871); “Their Wedding
Journey) (1872); (A Chance Acquaintance)
(1873); Poems) (1873); (A Foregone Conclus-
ion (1875); (Sketch of the Life and Charac-
ter of Rutherford B. Hayes) (1876); (A Day's
Pleasure) (1876); (The Parlor Car) (1876), a
farce; (Out of the Question) (1877), a
edy; (A Counterfeit Presentment) (1877), a
comedy; (The Lady of the Aroostook) (1879);
(The Undiscovered Country) (1880); (A Fear-
ful Responsibility, and Other Stories) (1881);
(Dr. Breen's Practice) (1881); Buying a Horse)
(1881); (A Modern Instance) (1882); (The
Sleeping-Car) (1383), a farce; (A Woman's
Reason (1883); (A Little Girl among the Old
Masters) (1884); (The Register' (1884), a farce;
(Three Villages) (1884); (The Rise of Silas
Lapham' (1885); (The Elevator) (1885), a farce;
(Indian Summer) (1885); (Tuscan Cities' (1886);
( The Garroters) (1886), a farce ; (Poems (1886).
biographical sketch, (George Fuller: His Life
and Works) (1886); Modern Italian Poets
(1887); (The Minister's Charge) (1887); edited
with T. S. Perry Library of Universal Advent.
ure by Sea and Land) (1888); (April Hopes!
(1888); (A Sea-Change, a Lyricated Farce)
(1888); (Annie Kilburn) (1889); (The Mouse
Trap and Other Farces) (1889); (A Hazard of
New Fortunes) (1890); (The Shadow of a
Dream' (1890); (A Boy's Town) (1890); 'Crit-
icism and Fiction (1891); edited (Poems)
(1892), by George Pellew; (An Imperative
Duty) (1892); «The Albany Depot) (1892); (A
Letter of Introduction (1892), a farce ; A Lit-
tle Swiss Sojourn (1892); «The Quality of
Mercy) (1892); «The World of Chance (1893);
(The Coast of Bohemia (1893); (The Niagara
Book) (1893), with S. L. Clemens and others;
Christmas Every Day, and Other Stories Told
for Children (1893); (Evening Dress) (1893),
a farce; My Year in a Log Cabin) (1893);
(The Unexpected Guests) (1893), a farce ; (A
Likely Story) (1894), a farce; (Five O'clock
(
## p. 277 (#293) ############################################
HOWISON - HUDSON
277
Tea) (1894), a farce; (A Traveler from Al.
truria) (1894), a romance; My Literary Pas-
sions) (1895); (Stops of Various Quills) (1895);
(Landlord at Lion's Head) (1896); (The Day
of their Wedding (1896); (A Parting and a
Meeting (1896); Impressions and Experi-
ences) (1896), largely autobiographical; (An
Open-Eyed Conspiracy) (1897); A Previous
Engagement) (1897). *
Howison, Robert Reid. An American his-
torian and biographer; born at Fredericksburg,
Va. , 1820. He has practiced law at Richmond,
Va. , since 1845. He has written : (History of
Virginia' (2 vols. , 1847–48); (Lives) of Generals
Morgan, Marion, and Gates; History of the
American Civil War); 'God and Creation); etc.
Howitt, Mary. An English poet, story-writer,
and essayist; wife of and collaborator with
William ; born (Botham) of Quaker parentage
in Coleford, March 12, 1799; died at Rome, Jan.
30, 1888. (The Desolation of Eyam,' a poem;
Colonization and Christianity); (Rural Life in
England); and volumes of essays and historical
studies, besides articles on Spiritualism,-- in
which both believed, - represent their joint
work. Her own are (The Seven Temptations,
a striking poem; various children's stories; and
translations of Fredrika Bremer's novels.
Howitt, William. An English historian, es-
sayist, and miscellaneous writer; born in Heanor,
Derbyshire, Dec. 18, 1792; died at Rome, March
3, 1879. For his joint work with Mary, see her
name. His separate productions include : Pop-
ular History of England, once really popular;
(The Student Life of Germany); (Woodburn
Grange,' a novel; and a couple of dozen other
bulky volumes, besides countless occasional ar-
ticles, all in an easy, readable style.
Howorth, Henry Hoyle, Sir. An English
politician and author; born in Lisbon, Portu-
gal, July 1, 1842. He was a Conservative Mem-
ber of Parliament in 1886, and again in 1893.
In recognition of his works on Eastern history
and other subjects, he was created K. C. I. E.
in 1892. In addition to over seventy scientific
memoirs, contributions to periodicals, etc. , he
has published: (History of the Mongols) (3
vols. , 1876-80), a large work marked by pro-
fundity of research; (The Mammoth and the
Flood” (1887), which discusses the problems
arising out of the destruction of the so-called
paläolithic man; (The Glacial Nightmare and
the Flood.
Hoyt, Ralph. An American Episcopal di-
vine, writer of verse, and essayist ; born in
New York State, 1806; died 1878. His home
was in New York. He wrote: (The Chant of
Life, and Other Poems); “Echoes of Memory
and Emotion); (Sketches of Life and Land-
scape.
Hubbard, Elbert. An American novelist;
born in Illinois, 1856. His home is in East
Aurora, N. Y. He is editor of the Philistine.
He has written : (No Enemy but Himself);
Little Journeys to the Homes of Good Men
and Great); (Forbes of Harvard); 'One Day);
(Little Journeys to the Homes of Famous
Women) (1897); etc.
Hubbard, William. An American clergy-
man and author; born in Tendring, Essex, Eng.
land, in 1621 ; died at Ipswich, Mass. , Sept. 14,
1704. He emigrated to Massachusetts in 1635,
graduated at Harvard in 1642, and was minis-
ter of Ipswich for over forty years. In 1688
he was temporary president of Harvard Col-
lege. His chief works are: (The Present State
of New England ? ( 1677 ); (A Narrative of
Troubles with the Indians) (1677), containing
the first map of New England known to have
been made in America ; and (A General His-
tory of New England from the Discovery to
1680) (published by the Massachusetts Histor-
ical Society in 1815), for which the colonial
authorities paid him £50.
Hubbell, Mrs. Martha (Stone). An Ameri-
can novelist and writer for the young; born
at Oxford, Conn. , 1814; died at North Stoning-
ton, Conn. , 1856. Besides a number of Sunday-
school books, she wrote: (The Shady Side, or
Life in a Country Parsonage) (1853), one of
the most widely sold books of its day.
Hubner, Charles William. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Maryland, 1835. His home is at Atlanta, Ga.
He has written : (Souvenirs of Luther); Poems
and Essays); Modern Communism); (Cin-
derella) and Prince and Fairy,' two lyrical
dramas; etc.
Huc, Évariste Régis (ük). A French priest,
missionary, and author; born at Toulouse,
Aug. I, 1813; died in Paris, March 26, 1860.
Ordained a priest in 1839, he went the same
year to China as a missionary, traveling through
the heart of the empire to Mongolia and Thibet,
where he penetrated even to Lhassa. His ex-
periences are recounted in (Souvenirs of a
Journey to Tartary, Thibet, and China) (1852);
(The Chinese Empire) (1854); (Christianity in
China, Tartary, etc. (1858), all of which were
translated into English.
Hudson, Frederick. An American journal.
ist; born at Quincy, Mass. , 1819; died 1875. He
was connected with the New York Herald for
nearly thirty years, retiring in 1866.
He wrote:
'History of Journalism in the United States)
(1873).
Hudson, Henry Norman. An American
Shakespearean scholar and Episcopal divine;
born at Cornwall, Vt. , Jan. 28, 1814; died at
Cambridge, Mass. , Jan. 16, 1886. He served as
chaplain in the Civil War, and was professor
of Shakespeare at Boston University, and was
for a time editor of the Churchman. He wrote:
(Lectures on Shakespeare) (1848); 'Campaign
with General Butler) (1865); “Shakespeare, his
Life, Art, and Characters) (4th ed. 1883); “Es-
says on Education, Etc. (1883); etc. He edited
the Harvard and the University edition of
Shakespeare.
## p. 278 (#294) ############################################
278
HUDSON – HUMBOLDT
His prose
Hudson, Mrs. Mary (Clemmer) (Ames).
An American journalist and miscellaneous
writer; born at l'tica, N. Y. , 1839; died at
Washington, D. C. , 1884. She was at one time
Washington correspondent of the New York
Independent. She wrote : “Ten Years in Wash-
ington) (1871); (Memorials of Alice and Phæbe
Cary) (1872); Men, Women, and Things
(1873); (Poems) (1882); and several novels,
among them (His Two Wives) (1874).
Huerta, Vicente Garcia de la (ö-ār'tä). A
Spanish dramatist, poet, and critic; born at
Zafra, 1730 ; died at Madrid, March 12, 1787.
He was government librarian, etc. He wrote
indifferent lyrics, good narrative and descriptive
verse, and excellent plays, one of the best be-
ing the tragedy (Raquel,' on the love of Al-
phonso VIII, for a beautiful Jewess.
Huet, Coenraad Busken (hu-ā'). A Dutch
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
The Hague, Dec. 28, 1826; died at Paris, May
1, 1886. He was pastor of a church until 1802,
when he became editor of the Haarlemmer
Courant. He has produced some of Holland's
best literary criticism. Literary Phantasies,
(Dutch Literature, (Stories, and numerous
essays, have given him a high place in the litera-
ture of Europe.
Hughes, John. A distinguished American
Roman Catholic prelate; born at Annalogham,
Tyrone, Ireland, June 24, 1797 ; died in New
York, Jan. 3, 1864. He was archbishop of New
York in 1850–; special agent of the United
States in Europe, 1861-62. He founded St.
John's Asylum in 1829, the Catholic Herald
1833, and St. John's College, Fordham, 1839.
He was prominent as a controversialist against
Rev. John Breckenridge, a Presbyterian (1833-
35), on the New York public-school system
(1839-42), and against Erastus Brooks on the
tenure of church property (1851). (Works,
2 vols. , 1865. )
Hughes, Thomas. An English story and
essay writer; born at Donnington Priory, near
Newbury, Oct. 20, 1823; died 1896. Apart from
(Tom Brown's School Days,' and (Tom Brown
at Oxford, which brought him unexampled
fame and popularity, he wrote persistently and
capably in behalf of the form of socialism
to which he was wedded, notably (Our Old
Church: What Shall We Do with It? ) and
(Rugby,' an account of a co-operative colony
projected in Tennessee. “The Manliness of
Christ) is a very original addition to the liter-
ature of militant Christianity. *
Hugo, Victor Marie (hū'go). A great French
man of letters and publicist; born at Besançon,
Feb. 26, 1802; died at Paris, May 22, 1885. His
poems include : Various Odes and Poems)
(1822); New Odes) (1824); (Odes and Bal-
lads) (1826); (The Orientals) (1829); Autumn
Leaves) (1831); (Twilight Songs) (1835);
(Inner Voices) (1837); (Sunbeams and Shadows)
(1840); “The Chastisements) (1853); (The Con-
templations) 57); (The Legend of the
Ages) (1859); “Songs of the Streets and Woods)
(1865); (The Terrible Year) (1872); «The Art
of Being a Grandfather) (1877); (The Legend
of the Ages, second series (1877); “The Pope)
(1878); (The Four Winds of the Spirit) (1881);
and other volumes of poetry. His plays in-
clude: (Cromwell (1827); Amy Robsart)
(1828), adapted from Scott's (Kenilworth);
(Marion Delorme) (1829); (Hernani) (1830);
(Le Roi s'Amuse) (1832); Lucretia Borgia)
(1833); (Marie Tudor) (1833); Angelo) (1835);
(Esmeralda) (1836); Ruy Blas) (1838); Les
Burgraves' (1843); (Torquemada) (1882); (The
Theatre in Freedom (1886); etc.
includes: (Han d'Islande) (1823); “Bug-Jargal
(1826); (The Last Day of a Condemned Man!
(1829); Notre Dame de Paris) (1831 ); "Liter-
ature and Philosophy Blended (1834); Claude
Gueux) (1834); “The Rhine (1842); Napoleon
the Little (1852); Les Misérables! (1862);
(Victor Hugo Revealed by a Witness of his
Life) (1863); (William Shakespeare) (1864);
(The Toilers of the Sea (1866); (The Man
Who Laughs) (1869); (Acts and Words) (1872–
76); Ninety-Three (1874); "History of a
Crime! (1877-78): (posthumously) (Things
Seen' (1887); (Touring: Alps and Pyrenees)
(1890); etc.
Hull, Edward. An Irish geologist; born at
Antrim, 1829. As a member of the Geological
Survey of Great Britain for twenty years, he
geologically mapped a large portion of the
central counties of England. In 1869 he became
professor of geology at the Royal College of
Science, Dublin; and in 1883 commanded an
expedition under the auspices of the Palestine
Exploration Society to Arabia Petræa and
Palestine. Among his important works are :
(The Coal-Fields of Great Britain (1805);
Building and Ornamental Stones) (1872); (A
Text-Book of Physiography) (1888); Mount
Seir, Sinai, and Southern Palestine) (1885).
Humboldt, Alexander von (hum'bõlt). A
German scientist and writer on science; born
in Berlin, Sept. 14, 1769; died there, May 6, 1859.
His educational opportunities were worthy of
his splendid intellectual gifts. From childhood
he delighted in zoological, physical, and geo-
graphical investigations. At 28, on the death
of his mother, he began the series of voyages
memorable in the annals of science. No name
is likely ever to stand higher on his country's
roll than his: the "Cosmos) is a sufficient
proof. Voyages to the Equinoctial Regions
of the New Continent); (View of the Cordil-
leras and of the Monuments of the Indigenous
Races of America); (Observations on Zoology
and Comparative Anatomy); and a wealth of
similar works, attest alike his Titanic genius
and the singular charm of his literary style. *
Humboldt, Wilhelm von. A German phi-
lologist, critic, and statesman, brother of Alex-
ander; born in Potsdam, June 22, 1767; died at
Tegel, near Berlin, April 8, 1835. He was edu-
cated at Göttingen, and devoted to philologi.
cal and literary studies; but he had strong
(
## p. 279 (#295) ############################################
HUME - HUNTINGTON
279
practical gifts and elevated social sympathies. In
1789 he visited Paris to study the French Revo.
lution, with which he sympathized, from 1802
to 1819 he was in active official life,- minister
to Vienna, member of the Privy Council, Seco
retary of State, ambassador to London, etc. ;
finally quitting it in disgust at the corruption
he would not share. Meantime and later he
wrote critiques on Goethe and Homer, and
scientific and literary monographs, and trans.
lated Æschylus and Pindar. His main work
in philology is (On the Kawi Language of
the Javanese, but he made other valuable
studies of primitive dialects.
Hume, David. A British historian and phi-
losopher; born in Edinburgh, April 26, 1711;
died there, Aug. 25, 1776. His works include:
(A Treatise on Human Nature) (1739-40);
“Essays, Moral and Political' (1741-42); Phil.
osophical Essays Concerning Human Under-
standing) (1748), which subsequently had the
title (An Enquiry Concerning Human Under-
standing); Political Discourses) (1751); (An
Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals)
(1751); (Four Dissertations) (1757), History
of England' (1754-61); (Natural History of
Religion (1757); (Two Essays) (1777); (Dia-
logues Concerning Natural Religion (1779),
etc.
Hume, Fergus. A New Zealand novelist.
He was educated for the law, and was articled
in the office of Sir Robert Stout, the well-known
New Zealand statesman. His first long work,
(The Mystery of a Hansom Cab,' was pub-
lished in Melbourne, and later in London,
achieving a phenomenal circulation. Since the
success of his first novel the author has devoted
himself to literature in London. His most pop-
ular publications are. (The Piccadilly Puzzle )
(1889); “Miss Mephistopheles) (1890); (A Creat-
ure of Night' (1891); (An Island of Fantasy)
(1894).
Humphry, George Murray, Sir.
An Eng-
lish surgeon and author; born at Sudbury,
Suffolk, July 1820; died in 1896. He became
professor of anatomy at Cambridge in 1866,
and since 1883 has held the professorship of
surgery in that institution. The honor of
knighthood was conferred upon him in 1891,
on account of his services to medical science.
Among his valuable publications may be men-
tioned: A Treatise on the Human Skeleton)
(1858); "On Myology) (1872); Vivisection :
What Good Has It Done ? ) (1882); (Guide to
Cambridge) (1883); (Old Age and Changes
Incidental to It) (1885), an oration.
Hungerford, Mrs. Margaret (Hamilton
Argles). [“ The Duchess. ] A popular Irish
novelist; born 18—, died at Bandon, Cork
County, Jan. 24, 1897. (Phyllis) (1877); Molly
Bawn) (1878); Airy Fairy Lillian) (1879);
(Beauty's Daughters) (1880); (Mrs. Geoffrey)
(1881); (Faith and Unfaith) (1881); (Portia)
(1882); Loys, Lord Beresford, and Other Tales)
(1883); Rosmoyne) (1883), Doris) (1884);
"O Tender Dolores) (1885); A Maiden All
Forlorn, and Other Stories) (1885); (In Durance
Vile) (1885); (Lady Branksmere) (1886); (A
Mental Struggle) (1886); Lady Valworth's
Diamonds) (1886); (Her Week's Amusement'
(1886); 'Green Pastures and Gray Grief) (1886);
(A Modern Circe) (1887); (The Duchess
(1887); Undercurrents ) (1888); Marvel
(1888); (Hon. Mrs. Vereker) (1888).
Hunnewell, James Frothingham. An Amer.
ican bibliographer, and writer of travels and his-
tory; born in Massachusetts, 1832. His home
is at Charlestown, Mass. He has written :
(Historical Monuments of France) (1884);
(England's Chronicle in Stone) (1886), being
a study of English cathedrals, castles, and
palaces; etc.
Hunt, Freeman. An American biographer
and sketch-writer ; born in Massachusetts, 1804;
died 1858. A publisher in New York, he was
the founder of Hunt's Merchants' Magazine.
He wrote: (Lives of American Merchants);
(Sketches of Female Character); etc.
Hunt, Leigh. An English poet, critic, essay-
ist, born in Southgate, Oct. 19, 1784; died at
Putney, Aug. 28, 1859. His collected poems,
called Juvenilia,' appeared when he was fifteen.
With his brother he founded the Examiner, a
strong political journal, a disrespectful article in
which on the Prince Regent gained him two
years' imprisonment. After his release he pro-
duced a rapid succession of essays, criticisms,
studies, and miscellany; among them (Sir
Ralph Esher,' a romance; (A Legend of Flor-
ence,' a drama; (The Story of Rimini, his
best work; and Recollections of Byron, his
most abused one. *
Hunter, William Wilson, Sir. An English
statistician and author; born July 15, 1840. He
was educated at the University of Glasgow and
foreign universities, and was appointed to the
Bengal Civil Service in 1862. As Director-
General of Statistics he made a statistical sur-
vey of India, the results of which are embodied
in the well-known Imperial Gazetteer of In-
dia' (1881; 1885-87). He is the author of
(Annals of Rural Bengal (1868; 5th ed. 1872),
continued in "Orissa' (2 vols. , 1872); «The Life
of the Marquess of Dalhousie); (A Dictionary
of the Non-Aryan Languages of India and
High Asia', (Brief History of the Indian Peo-
ples, which has been translated into five lan-
guages, and is the projector and editor of the
series of biographies known as “The Rulers of
India.
Hunter-Duvar, John. A Canadian poet;
born in England, 1830. He has published (An-
nals of the Court of Oberon (1895), besides
other volumes of poetry.
Huntington, Frederick Dan. An American
clergyman and religious writer; born at Had-
ley, Mass. , 1819. In early life as a Unitarian
minister he held a pastorate in Boston from
1842 to 1855, when he became Plummer pro-
fessor of Christian morals in Harvard Univer-
sity. In 1860 he withdrew from the Unitarian
## p. 280 (#296) ############################################
280
HUNTINGTON - HUXLEY
(
denomination, was ordained in the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and in 1869 was consecrated
bishop of Central New York. His writings
include: (Christian Believing and Living
(1860); "Lectures on Human Society) (1860);
(Steps to a Living Faith) (1873); (Personal
Christian Life in the Ministry) (1887); (Forty
Days with the Master) (1891).
Huntington, Jededlah Vincent. An Amer-
ican poet and novelist; born in New York, Jan-
uary 1815; died in France, 1862. Originally a
physician, then an Episcopal clergyman, he
became a Roman Catholic in 1849, and edited
Roman Catholic magazines. He wrote : (Po-
ems) (1843); the striking novels, Lady Alice,
or the New Una, (1849), (Alban, or the History
of a Young Puritan) (new ed. 1853, with its
sequel (The Forest, 1852), Blonde and Bru-
nette) (1859); etc.
Hurlburt, William Henry. An American
journalist; born at Charleston, S. C. , 1827; died
1895. After an extensive journalistic experience
in New York, he became editor-in-chief of the
New York World (1876-83). After 1883 he
resided in Europe. He wrote: (Gan-Eden!
(1854), travels in Cuba; (General McClellan
and the Conduct of the War) (1864); etc.
Hurst, John Fletcher. A prominent Amer-
ican Methodist divine and writer; born near
Salem, Md. , Aug. 17, 1834. He became bishop
in the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1880,
and chancellor of the American University of
his denomination in 1891. He has written :
Literature of Theology); History of Ration-
alism); Martyrs to the Tract Cause); Life
and Literature in the Fatherland); Outline
of Church History); (Our Theological Cen.
tury); (Bibliotheca Theologica'; (Short His-
tories of the Church); (Short History of the
Christian Church); Indika, a large illustrated
work on India, and one of great importance ;
translations of theological works and histories;
etc.
Hurter, Friedrich Emanuel, von (hör'ter).
A Swiss theologian and historian; born at
Schaffhausen, March 19, 1787; died at Gratz,
Styria, Aug. 27, 1865. Appointed to a pastorate
in his native town, he resigned in 1841, and be-
came a convert to Catholicism. In 1846 he was
selected as historiographer to the Emperor of
Austria. Of his numerous works, relating chiefly
to mediæval and church history, may be men-
tioned: History of King Theodoric and his
Reign) (1807); Pope Innocent III. and his
Contemporaries) (1834-42); (Birth and New
Birth) (1845), in which he gives his reasons
for a change of religion ; 'Emperor Ferdinand
II. (10 vols. , 1850-62); Last Four Years of
the Life of Wallenstein (1862).
Hutcheson, Francis. A Scotch educator and
philosopher; born at Drumalig, Ulster, Ireland,
Aug. 8, 1694; died in Glasgow, about 1746.
For many years a public teacher in Glasgow,
he became in 1729 professor of moral philoso-
phy at the university in that city. He is re-
garded as one of the founders of modern phi-
losophy in Scotland. He was the author of:
(Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of
Beauty and Virtue) (1720); (Nature and Con-
duct of the Passions and Affections) (1728);
(System of Moral Philosophy) (1755).
Hutchinson, Ellen Mackay. [“Mrs. Royal
Cortissoz. ”] An American poet and journalist ;
born in western New York in 184. She was
long one of the editors of the New York Trib-
une, and was associated with E. C. Stedman
in the compilation of the Library of Ameri-
can Literature. Her numerous poems have
been collected under the title of (Songs and
Lyrics) (1881).
Hutten, Ulrich von (höt'ten). A German
poet, theologian, and controversial satirist; born
in Steckelburg, near Fulda, 1488; died in the
island of Ufenau, Lake Zurich, 1523. Of a
noble family and destined for the church, he
preferred a life of roving adventure. After
many vicissitudes, including shipwreck, military
service, and absolute beggary, he rose to fame
by brilliant contributions to the current re-
ligious and political controversies. His works
include: (The Art of Prosody); Nemo,' a
satire upon the pedantic learning of his day;
(Dialogues); and various others, most of them
attacking abuses in the church. His most
noteworthy production, however (his in part
if not wholly), is the Letters of Obscure Men)
(that is, men who think and talk obscurely),
mercilessly ridiculing the ignorance of the
lower clergy. His position in literature is that
of a fearless genius and champion of truth;
he aimed to regenerate his country, but his
means were somewhat Utopian.
Hutton, Laurence. An American essayist
and literary critic; born in New York, Aug. 8,
1843. Devoting his earlier years to mercantile
pursuits, he at length became dramatic critic
of the New York Evening Mail. He has edited,
since 1886, Literary Notes in Harper's Maga-
zine. His publications are well known under
the titles (Plays and Players); “Edwin Booth';
Literary Landmarks); and essays on London,
Edinburgh, Jerusalem, Venice, Florence, and
Rome.
Hutton, Richard Holt. An English editor,
critic, and author; born 1826; died 1897. He was
editor of the London Spectator, a literary critic
of great repute, and the author of (Studies in
Parliament: a Series of Sketches of Leading
Politicians) (1866); (Essays, Theological and
Literary) (2 vols.
1892. He was intended for the church, but his
talent as a writer of songs and plays, comic,
patriotic, and sentimental, decided his career.
(The Neighbors, a farce, made his reputation
while yet a theological student. His best play
is Master and Pupil. Later, as a clergyman, he
brought out more serious work : (Eva,' a drama;
a volume of Popular Discourses); and various
other productions. His is one of the foremost
names in later Danish literature.
Houghton, George Washington Wright.
(hoton). An American journalist and writer
of verse; born at Cambridge, Mass. , 1850; died
1891. His home was in New York. He wrote:
'Songs from Over the Sea) (1874); (The Le-
gend of St. Olaf's Kirk) (1881); Niagara)
(1882); etc.
Houghton, Richard Monckton Milnes, Lord
(houton). An English poet, critic, and states-
man; born in Fryston Hall, Yorkshire, June
19, 1809; died at Vichy, France, Aug. 11, 1885.
A Conservative in Parliament, he joined the
Liberals under Lord John Russell, and in 1863
was raised to the peerage.
His best poetry
appears in: Memorials of a Tour in Greece);
(Memorials of a Residence on the Continent,
and Historical Poems); Poems of Many
Years); (Palm Leaves); and a few other small
volumes. His prose is remarkable for the pur-
ity of its Saxon style. It includes: Life, Let-
ters, and Literary Remains of John Keats);
Monographs, Personal and Political); and
various essays in criticism.
House, Edward Howard. An American
journalist and story-writer; born at Boston. He
was a musical and dramatic critic in Boston
and New York ; afterwards professor of English
language and literature in the University of
Tokio, Japan (1871-73), acting as correspond-
ent of the New York Herald. He has written :
Japanese Episodes) (1881); Yone Santo)
(1888), a story of life in Japan; (The Mid-
night Warning, and Other Stories ); (The
Kagosima Affair); etc.
Houssaye, Arsène (ö-sā') A French novel-
ist, dramatist, and critic; born in Bruyères,
near Laon, March 28, 1815. He came early
to Paris, and had written two novels at the
age of twenty-one, «The Sinner) being still
remembered. He wrote (The Caprices of the
Marchioness, (The Comedy at the Window,
and other successful light plays, and became
a stage manager. His later novels include:
(The Beautiful Raffaëlla); (Marion's Repent-
ance); (Romance of the Duchess ); (Women
as They Are); (Women of the Past'; etc.
His art and theatrical criticisms are exceed-
ingly good; the History of French Art in
the Eighteenth Century, Portrait Gallery of
the Eighteenth Century,' and (Studies of Vol.
taire and Rousseau, rank high. His style is
clear and graceful.
Houssaye, Henri. A French historian and
critic, son of Arsène ; born in Paris, Feb. 24,
1848. He studied painting, but transferred his
attention to the study of Greek antiquity. Dur-
ing the siege of Paris in 1870 his gallant con-
duct earned him the Cross of the Legion of
Honor. His valuable publications include:
(History of Alcibiades and the Athenian Re-
public) (1875), crowned by the French Acad-
emy in 1874; Athens, Rome, and Paris (1878);
(History of the Conquest of Greece by the
Romans) (vol. 1. 1885); 1814,' a history of the .
campaign in France and the Fall of the Em-
pire, published in 1888.
Houwald, Christoph Ernst (hö'väld). A
German dramatic poet and story-writer; born
at Straupitz, Nov. 29, 1778; died at Neuhaus,
Jan. 28, 1845. He wrote fables and juvenile
stories, but his literary reputation depends
wholly upon his plays. "The Picture) and
(Curse and Benison are among his best works.
In construction, vigor of style, and ingenuity
of situation, he is remarkable. (The Prince
and the Townsman) and (The Enemies) are
striking examples in point.
Hovey, Richard. An American writer of
verse;
born in Illinois, 1864. His home is in
Washington, D. C. He has written : "Launce-
lot and Guenevere); (Gandolfo, a tragedy;
(Songs from Vagabondia); (More Songs from
Vagabondia' (with Bliss Carman); “The Lau-
rel, an ode; “Seaward); etc.
Howard, Blanche Willis. See Teuffel, von.
Howard, Bronson. A prominent American
playwright; born at Detroit, Mich. , Oct. 7,
1842; resides in New York. He was connected
with several newspapers in that city, 1867–72.
Among his very successful plays are: (Sara.
toga' (1870); “The Banker's Daughter) (1878);
Young Mrs. Winthrop) (1882); «The Hen.
rietta) (1887); "Shenandoah) (1889); (Aristoc-
racy' (1892); etc.
Howard, Edward. An English novelist;
born 18—; died Dec. 30, 1841. After serving
## p. 276 (#292) ############################################
276
HOWARD-HOWELLS
com-
in the navy, he wrote sea stories; and was
associated with Marryat in editing the Metropol-
itan Magazine in 1832. Later he joined the
staff of the New Monthly Magazine, then
edited by Hood. His greatest work, (Rattlin
the Reefer) (1836), met with much success.
Among his other works are: (The Old Com-
modore) (1837); (Outward Bound) (1838);
(Memoirs of Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, K. C. B. ?
(1839); (Jack Ashore); (The Centiad, a Poem
in Four Books) (1841); (Sir Henry Morgan, the
Buccaneer (1842).
Howard, Oliver Otis. A distinguished Amer-
ican general ; born at Leeds, Me. , Nov. 8, 1830.
A graduate of West Point, he rose to the rank
of brevet major-general United States Army in
the Civil War, and was president of Howard
University (1869-73). He has written : (Don-
ald's School-Days) (1879); (Nez Percé Joseph)
(1881), a valuable contribution to Indian litera-
ture ; (Isabella of Castile); etc.
Howarth, Mrs. Ellen Clementine (Doran).
An American writer of verse; born in New
York State, 1827. Her home is in Trenton,
N. J. She has published two volumes of verse
(1864 and 1867). The best known of her poems
are ('Tis but a Little Faded Flower, and
( Thou Wilt Never Grow Old.
Her poems
have been edited by Richard Watson Gilder
(1868).
Howe, Edgar Watson. An American jour-
nalist and novelist; born in Wabash County,
Ind. , 1854. He is proprietor, publisher, and
editor of the Daily Globe, Atchison, Kan. He
has written : (The Story of a Country Town)
(1883), which attracted considerable attention;
{The Mystery of the Locks); (A Moonlight
Boy); (A Man Story); etc.
Howe, Henry. An American historical writer
and compiler; born at New Haven, Conn. , 1816.
He has published: Memoir of Eminent Me-
chanics) (1839); (Travels and Adventures of
Celebrated Travelers) (1853); (Adventures and
Achievements of Americans) (1858); “Over the
World) (1883); (Our Whole Country); (The
Great West); etc.
Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward. A famous Ameri-
can poet, essayist, biographer, writer of travels,
and lecturer, daughter of Samuel Ward; born
in New York, May 27, 1819. A philanthropist,
interested especially in woman's suffrage, she
was the wife of Dr. Samuel G. Howe the phi-
lanthropist, and with him edited the anti-slavery
journal, the Boston Commonwealth. She is
best known as the author of the Battle Hymn
of the Republic) (1861), written during a visit
to the camps near Washington. Among her
works, besides several volumes of verse, are :
(The World's Own (1857), a drama; "Life of
Margaret Fuller) (1883); (Trip to Cuba) (1860);
Is Polite Society Polite ? and Other Essays);
etc. She also wrote: (Later Lyrics) ; (From
the Oak to the Olive); and "Sex and Educa-
tion. *
Howell, James. An English author; born
probably in Wales about 1594; died in Hol-
born, 1666. As steward of a glass-ware factory
and subsequently on public missions, he trav-
eled for several years on the Continent. He
became a clerk of council in 1640, was im-
prisoned during the civil war, and upon the
Restoration received the post of historiographer
royal as a reward for his loyalty to Charles I.
Of forty works on historical, political, poetical,
and philological subjects, only the Epistola
Ho-Elianæ; or, Familiar Letters) ( 1645-55 )
have survived.
Howells, William Dean. A famous Amer-
ican novelist and poet; born at Martinsville,
O. , March 1, 1837. He was consul at Ven-
ice 1861-65; editor-in-chief of the Atlantic
Monthly 1871-81; editor of The Editor's Study
in Harper's Magazine 1886-91; editor of the
Cosmopolitan 1892. Ilis very numerous pro-
ductions include the following: Poems of
Two Friends) (1860), with J. J. Piatt ; Life
of Abraham Lincoln) (1800); six poems in
(Poets and Poetry of the West) (1860); 'V'e-
netian Life) (1866); (Italian Journeys) (1867);
(No Love Lost: a Romance of Travel' (1809);
(Suburban Sketches (1871); “Their Wedding
Journey) (1872); (A Chance Acquaintance)
(1873); Poems) (1873); (A Foregone Conclus-
ion (1875); (Sketch of the Life and Charac-
ter of Rutherford B. Hayes) (1876); (A Day's
Pleasure) (1876); (The Parlor Car) (1876), a
farce; (Out of the Question) (1877), a
edy; (A Counterfeit Presentment) (1877), a
comedy; (The Lady of the Aroostook) (1879);
(The Undiscovered Country) (1880); (A Fear-
ful Responsibility, and Other Stories) (1881);
(Dr. Breen's Practice) (1881); Buying a Horse)
(1881); (A Modern Instance) (1882); (The
Sleeping-Car) (1383), a farce; (A Woman's
Reason (1883); (A Little Girl among the Old
Masters) (1884); (The Register' (1884), a farce;
(Three Villages) (1884); (The Rise of Silas
Lapham' (1885); (The Elevator) (1885), a farce;
(Indian Summer) (1885); (Tuscan Cities' (1886);
( The Garroters) (1886), a farce ; (Poems (1886).
biographical sketch, (George Fuller: His Life
and Works) (1886); Modern Italian Poets
(1887); (The Minister's Charge) (1887); edited
with T. S. Perry Library of Universal Advent.
ure by Sea and Land) (1888); (April Hopes!
(1888); (A Sea-Change, a Lyricated Farce)
(1888); (Annie Kilburn) (1889); (The Mouse
Trap and Other Farces) (1889); (A Hazard of
New Fortunes) (1890); (The Shadow of a
Dream' (1890); (A Boy's Town) (1890); 'Crit-
icism and Fiction (1891); edited (Poems)
(1892), by George Pellew; (An Imperative
Duty) (1892); «The Albany Depot) (1892); (A
Letter of Introduction (1892), a farce ; A Lit-
tle Swiss Sojourn (1892); «The Quality of
Mercy) (1892); «The World of Chance (1893);
(The Coast of Bohemia (1893); (The Niagara
Book) (1893), with S. L. Clemens and others;
Christmas Every Day, and Other Stories Told
for Children (1893); (Evening Dress) (1893),
a farce; My Year in a Log Cabin) (1893);
(The Unexpected Guests) (1893), a farce ; (A
Likely Story) (1894), a farce; (Five O'clock
(
## p. 277 (#293) ############################################
HOWISON - HUDSON
277
Tea) (1894), a farce; (A Traveler from Al.
truria) (1894), a romance; My Literary Pas-
sions) (1895); (Stops of Various Quills) (1895);
(Landlord at Lion's Head) (1896); (The Day
of their Wedding (1896); (A Parting and a
Meeting (1896); Impressions and Experi-
ences) (1896), largely autobiographical; (An
Open-Eyed Conspiracy) (1897); A Previous
Engagement) (1897). *
Howison, Robert Reid. An American his-
torian and biographer; born at Fredericksburg,
Va. , 1820. He has practiced law at Richmond,
Va. , since 1845. He has written : (History of
Virginia' (2 vols. , 1847–48); (Lives) of Generals
Morgan, Marion, and Gates; History of the
American Civil War); 'God and Creation); etc.
Howitt, Mary. An English poet, story-writer,
and essayist; wife of and collaborator with
William ; born (Botham) of Quaker parentage
in Coleford, March 12, 1799; died at Rome, Jan.
30, 1888. (The Desolation of Eyam,' a poem;
Colonization and Christianity); (Rural Life in
England); and volumes of essays and historical
studies, besides articles on Spiritualism,-- in
which both believed, - represent their joint
work. Her own are (The Seven Temptations,
a striking poem; various children's stories; and
translations of Fredrika Bremer's novels.
Howitt, William. An English historian, es-
sayist, and miscellaneous writer; born in Heanor,
Derbyshire, Dec. 18, 1792; died at Rome, March
3, 1879. For his joint work with Mary, see her
name. His separate productions include : Pop-
ular History of England, once really popular;
(The Student Life of Germany); (Woodburn
Grange,' a novel; and a couple of dozen other
bulky volumes, besides countless occasional ar-
ticles, all in an easy, readable style.
Howorth, Henry Hoyle, Sir. An English
politician and author; born in Lisbon, Portu-
gal, July 1, 1842. He was a Conservative Mem-
ber of Parliament in 1886, and again in 1893.
In recognition of his works on Eastern history
and other subjects, he was created K. C. I. E.
in 1892. In addition to over seventy scientific
memoirs, contributions to periodicals, etc. , he
has published: (History of the Mongols) (3
vols. , 1876-80), a large work marked by pro-
fundity of research; (The Mammoth and the
Flood” (1887), which discusses the problems
arising out of the destruction of the so-called
paläolithic man; (The Glacial Nightmare and
the Flood.
Hoyt, Ralph. An American Episcopal di-
vine, writer of verse, and essayist ; born in
New York State, 1806; died 1878. His home
was in New York. He wrote: (The Chant of
Life, and Other Poems); “Echoes of Memory
and Emotion); (Sketches of Life and Land-
scape.
Hubbard, Elbert. An American novelist;
born in Illinois, 1856. His home is in East
Aurora, N. Y. He is editor of the Philistine.
He has written : (No Enemy but Himself);
Little Journeys to the Homes of Good Men
and Great); (Forbes of Harvard); 'One Day);
(Little Journeys to the Homes of Famous
Women) (1897); etc.
Hubbard, William. An American clergy-
man and author; born in Tendring, Essex, Eng.
land, in 1621 ; died at Ipswich, Mass. , Sept. 14,
1704. He emigrated to Massachusetts in 1635,
graduated at Harvard in 1642, and was minis-
ter of Ipswich for over forty years. In 1688
he was temporary president of Harvard Col-
lege. His chief works are: (The Present State
of New England ? ( 1677 ); (A Narrative of
Troubles with the Indians) (1677), containing
the first map of New England known to have
been made in America ; and (A General His-
tory of New England from the Discovery to
1680) (published by the Massachusetts Histor-
ical Society in 1815), for which the colonial
authorities paid him £50.
Hubbell, Mrs. Martha (Stone). An Ameri-
can novelist and writer for the young; born
at Oxford, Conn. , 1814; died at North Stoning-
ton, Conn. , 1856. Besides a number of Sunday-
school books, she wrote: (The Shady Side, or
Life in a Country Parsonage) (1853), one of
the most widely sold books of its day.
Hubner, Charles William. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Maryland, 1835. His home is at Atlanta, Ga.
He has written : (Souvenirs of Luther); Poems
and Essays); Modern Communism); (Cin-
derella) and Prince and Fairy,' two lyrical
dramas; etc.
Huc, Évariste Régis (ük). A French priest,
missionary, and author; born at Toulouse,
Aug. I, 1813; died in Paris, March 26, 1860.
Ordained a priest in 1839, he went the same
year to China as a missionary, traveling through
the heart of the empire to Mongolia and Thibet,
where he penetrated even to Lhassa. His ex-
periences are recounted in (Souvenirs of a
Journey to Tartary, Thibet, and China) (1852);
(The Chinese Empire) (1854); (Christianity in
China, Tartary, etc. (1858), all of which were
translated into English.
Hudson, Frederick. An American journal.
ist; born at Quincy, Mass. , 1819; died 1875. He
was connected with the New York Herald for
nearly thirty years, retiring in 1866.
He wrote:
'History of Journalism in the United States)
(1873).
Hudson, Henry Norman. An American
Shakespearean scholar and Episcopal divine;
born at Cornwall, Vt. , Jan. 28, 1814; died at
Cambridge, Mass. , Jan. 16, 1886. He served as
chaplain in the Civil War, and was professor
of Shakespeare at Boston University, and was
for a time editor of the Churchman. He wrote:
(Lectures on Shakespeare) (1848); 'Campaign
with General Butler) (1865); “Shakespeare, his
Life, Art, and Characters) (4th ed. 1883); “Es-
says on Education, Etc. (1883); etc. He edited
the Harvard and the University edition of
Shakespeare.
## p. 278 (#294) ############################################
278
HUDSON – HUMBOLDT
His prose
Hudson, Mrs. Mary (Clemmer) (Ames).
An American journalist and miscellaneous
writer; born at l'tica, N. Y. , 1839; died at
Washington, D. C. , 1884. She was at one time
Washington correspondent of the New York
Independent. She wrote : “Ten Years in Wash-
ington) (1871); (Memorials of Alice and Phæbe
Cary) (1872); Men, Women, and Things
(1873); (Poems) (1882); and several novels,
among them (His Two Wives) (1874).
Huerta, Vicente Garcia de la (ö-ār'tä). A
Spanish dramatist, poet, and critic; born at
Zafra, 1730 ; died at Madrid, March 12, 1787.
He was government librarian, etc. He wrote
indifferent lyrics, good narrative and descriptive
verse, and excellent plays, one of the best be-
ing the tragedy (Raquel,' on the love of Al-
phonso VIII, for a beautiful Jewess.
Huet, Coenraad Busken (hu-ā'). A Dutch
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
The Hague, Dec. 28, 1826; died at Paris, May
1, 1886. He was pastor of a church until 1802,
when he became editor of the Haarlemmer
Courant. He has produced some of Holland's
best literary criticism. Literary Phantasies,
(Dutch Literature, (Stories, and numerous
essays, have given him a high place in the litera-
ture of Europe.
Hughes, John. A distinguished American
Roman Catholic prelate; born at Annalogham,
Tyrone, Ireland, June 24, 1797 ; died in New
York, Jan. 3, 1864. He was archbishop of New
York in 1850–; special agent of the United
States in Europe, 1861-62. He founded St.
John's Asylum in 1829, the Catholic Herald
1833, and St. John's College, Fordham, 1839.
He was prominent as a controversialist against
Rev. John Breckenridge, a Presbyterian (1833-
35), on the New York public-school system
(1839-42), and against Erastus Brooks on the
tenure of church property (1851). (Works,
2 vols. , 1865. )
Hughes, Thomas. An English story and
essay writer; born at Donnington Priory, near
Newbury, Oct. 20, 1823; died 1896. Apart from
(Tom Brown's School Days,' and (Tom Brown
at Oxford, which brought him unexampled
fame and popularity, he wrote persistently and
capably in behalf of the form of socialism
to which he was wedded, notably (Our Old
Church: What Shall We Do with It? ) and
(Rugby,' an account of a co-operative colony
projected in Tennessee. “The Manliness of
Christ) is a very original addition to the liter-
ature of militant Christianity. *
Hugo, Victor Marie (hū'go). A great French
man of letters and publicist; born at Besançon,
Feb. 26, 1802; died at Paris, May 22, 1885. His
poems include : Various Odes and Poems)
(1822); New Odes) (1824); (Odes and Bal-
lads) (1826); (The Orientals) (1829); Autumn
Leaves) (1831); (Twilight Songs) (1835);
(Inner Voices) (1837); (Sunbeams and Shadows)
(1840); “The Chastisements) (1853); (The Con-
templations) 57); (The Legend of the
Ages) (1859); “Songs of the Streets and Woods)
(1865); (The Terrible Year) (1872); «The Art
of Being a Grandfather) (1877); (The Legend
of the Ages, second series (1877); “The Pope)
(1878); (The Four Winds of the Spirit) (1881);
and other volumes of poetry. His plays in-
clude: (Cromwell (1827); Amy Robsart)
(1828), adapted from Scott's (Kenilworth);
(Marion Delorme) (1829); (Hernani) (1830);
(Le Roi s'Amuse) (1832); Lucretia Borgia)
(1833); (Marie Tudor) (1833); Angelo) (1835);
(Esmeralda) (1836); Ruy Blas) (1838); Les
Burgraves' (1843); (Torquemada) (1882); (The
Theatre in Freedom (1886); etc.
includes: (Han d'Islande) (1823); “Bug-Jargal
(1826); (The Last Day of a Condemned Man!
(1829); Notre Dame de Paris) (1831 ); "Liter-
ature and Philosophy Blended (1834); Claude
Gueux) (1834); “The Rhine (1842); Napoleon
the Little (1852); Les Misérables! (1862);
(Victor Hugo Revealed by a Witness of his
Life) (1863); (William Shakespeare) (1864);
(The Toilers of the Sea (1866); (The Man
Who Laughs) (1869); (Acts and Words) (1872–
76); Ninety-Three (1874); "History of a
Crime! (1877-78): (posthumously) (Things
Seen' (1887); (Touring: Alps and Pyrenees)
(1890); etc.
Hull, Edward. An Irish geologist; born at
Antrim, 1829. As a member of the Geological
Survey of Great Britain for twenty years, he
geologically mapped a large portion of the
central counties of England. In 1869 he became
professor of geology at the Royal College of
Science, Dublin; and in 1883 commanded an
expedition under the auspices of the Palestine
Exploration Society to Arabia Petræa and
Palestine. Among his important works are :
(The Coal-Fields of Great Britain (1805);
Building and Ornamental Stones) (1872); (A
Text-Book of Physiography) (1888); Mount
Seir, Sinai, and Southern Palestine) (1885).
Humboldt, Alexander von (hum'bõlt). A
German scientist and writer on science; born
in Berlin, Sept. 14, 1769; died there, May 6, 1859.
His educational opportunities were worthy of
his splendid intellectual gifts. From childhood
he delighted in zoological, physical, and geo-
graphical investigations. At 28, on the death
of his mother, he began the series of voyages
memorable in the annals of science. No name
is likely ever to stand higher on his country's
roll than his: the "Cosmos) is a sufficient
proof. Voyages to the Equinoctial Regions
of the New Continent); (View of the Cordil-
leras and of the Monuments of the Indigenous
Races of America); (Observations on Zoology
and Comparative Anatomy); and a wealth of
similar works, attest alike his Titanic genius
and the singular charm of his literary style. *
Humboldt, Wilhelm von. A German phi-
lologist, critic, and statesman, brother of Alex-
ander; born in Potsdam, June 22, 1767; died at
Tegel, near Berlin, April 8, 1835. He was edu-
cated at Göttingen, and devoted to philologi.
cal and literary studies; but he had strong
(
## p. 279 (#295) ############################################
HUME - HUNTINGTON
279
practical gifts and elevated social sympathies. In
1789 he visited Paris to study the French Revo.
lution, with which he sympathized, from 1802
to 1819 he was in active official life,- minister
to Vienna, member of the Privy Council, Seco
retary of State, ambassador to London, etc. ;
finally quitting it in disgust at the corruption
he would not share. Meantime and later he
wrote critiques on Goethe and Homer, and
scientific and literary monographs, and trans.
lated Æschylus and Pindar. His main work
in philology is (On the Kawi Language of
the Javanese, but he made other valuable
studies of primitive dialects.
Hume, David. A British historian and phi-
losopher; born in Edinburgh, April 26, 1711;
died there, Aug. 25, 1776. His works include:
(A Treatise on Human Nature) (1739-40);
“Essays, Moral and Political' (1741-42); Phil.
osophical Essays Concerning Human Under-
standing) (1748), which subsequently had the
title (An Enquiry Concerning Human Under-
standing); Political Discourses) (1751); (An
Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals)
(1751); (Four Dissertations) (1757), History
of England' (1754-61); (Natural History of
Religion (1757); (Two Essays) (1777); (Dia-
logues Concerning Natural Religion (1779),
etc.
Hume, Fergus. A New Zealand novelist.
He was educated for the law, and was articled
in the office of Sir Robert Stout, the well-known
New Zealand statesman. His first long work,
(The Mystery of a Hansom Cab,' was pub-
lished in Melbourne, and later in London,
achieving a phenomenal circulation. Since the
success of his first novel the author has devoted
himself to literature in London. His most pop-
ular publications are. (The Piccadilly Puzzle )
(1889); “Miss Mephistopheles) (1890); (A Creat-
ure of Night' (1891); (An Island of Fantasy)
(1894).
Humphry, George Murray, Sir.
An Eng-
lish surgeon and author; born at Sudbury,
Suffolk, July 1820; died in 1896. He became
professor of anatomy at Cambridge in 1866,
and since 1883 has held the professorship of
surgery in that institution. The honor of
knighthood was conferred upon him in 1891,
on account of his services to medical science.
Among his valuable publications may be men-
tioned: A Treatise on the Human Skeleton)
(1858); "On Myology) (1872); Vivisection :
What Good Has It Done ? ) (1882); (Guide to
Cambridge) (1883); (Old Age and Changes
Incidental to It) (1885), an oration.
Hungerford, Mrs. Margaret (Hamilton
Argles). [“ The Duchess. ] A popular Irish
novelist; born 18—, died at Bandon, Cork
County, Jan. 24, 1897. (Phyllis) (1877); Molly
Bawn) (1878); Airy Fairy Lillian) (1879);
(Beauty's Daughters) (1880); (Mrs. Geoffrey)
(1881); (Faith and Unfaith) (1881); (Portia)
(1882); Loys, Lord Beresford, and Other Tales)
(1883); Rosmoyne) (1883), Doris) (1884);
"O Tender Dolores) (1885); A Maiden All
Forlorn, and Other Stories) (1885); (In Durance
Vile) (1885); (Lady Branksmere) (1886); (A
Mental Struggle) (1886); Lady Valworth's
Diamonds) (1886); (Her Week's Amusement'
(1886); 'Green Pastures and Gray Grief) (1886);
(A Modern Circe) (1887); (The Duchess
(1887); Undercurrents ) (1888); Marvel
(1888); (Hon. Mrs. Vereker) (1888).
Hunnewell, James Frothingham. An Amer.
ican bibliographer, and writer of travels and his-
tory; born in Massachusetts, 1832. His home
is at Charlestown, Mass. He has written :
(Historical Monuments of France) (1884);
(England's Chronicle in Stone) (1886), being
a study of English cathedrals, castles, and
palaces; etc.
Hunt, Freeman. An American biographer
and sketch-writer ; born in Massachusetts, 1804;
died 1858. A publisher in New York, he was
the founder of Hunt's Merchants' Magazine.
He wrote: (Lives of American Merchants);
(Sketches of Female Character); etc.
Hunt, Leigh. An English poet, critic, essay-
ist, born in Southgate, Oct. 19, 1784; died at
Putney, Aug. 28, 1859. His collected poems,
called Juvenilia,' appeared when he was fifteen.
With his brother he founded the Examiner, a
strong political journal, a disrespectful article in
which on the Prince Regent gained him two
years' imprisonment. After his release he pro-
duced a rapid succession of essays, criticisms,
studies, and miscellany; among them (Sir
Ralph Esher,' a romance; (A Legend of Flor-
ence,' a drama; (The Story of Rimini, his
best work; and Recollections of Byron, his
most abused one. *
Hunter, William Wilson, Sir. An English
statistician and author; born July 15, 1840. He
was educated at the University of Glasgow and
foreign universities, and was appointed to the
Bengal Civil Service in 1862. As Director-
General of Statistics he made a statistical sur-
vey of India, the results of which are embodied
in the well-known Imperial Gazetteer of In-
dia' (1881; 1885-87). He is the author of
(Annals of Rural Bengal (1868; 5th ed. 1872),
continued in "Orissa' (2 vols. , 1872); «The Life
of the Marquess of Dalhousie); (A Dictionary
of the Non-Aryan Languages of India and
High Asia', (Brief History of the Indian Peo-
ples, which has been translated into five lan-
guages, and is the projector and editor of the
series of biographies known as “The Rulers of
India.
Hunter-Duvar, John. A Canadian poet;
born in England, 1830. He has published (An-
nals of the Court of Oberon (1895), besides
other volumes of poetry.
Huntington, Frederick Dan. An American
clergyman and religious writer; born at Had-
ley, Mass. , 1819. In early life as a Unitarian
minister he held a pastorate in Boston from
1842 to 1855, when he became Plummer pro-
fessor of Christian morals in Harvard Univer-
sity. In 1860 he withdrew from the Unitarian
## p. 280 (#296) ############################################
280
HUNTINGTON - HUXLEY
(
denomination, was ordained in the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and in 1869 was consecrated
bishop of Central New York. His writings
include: (Christian Believing and Living
(1860); "Lectures on Human Society) (1860);
(Steps to a Living Faith) (1873); (Personal
Christian Life in the Ministry) (1887); (Forty
Days with the Master) (1891).
Huntington, Jededlah Vincent. An Amer-
ican poet and novelist; born in New York, Jan-
uary 1815; died in France, 1862. Originally a
physician, then an Episcopal clergyman, he
became a Roman Catholic in 1849, and edited
Roman Catholic magazines. He wrote : (Po-
ems) (1843); the striking novels, Lady Alice,
or the New Una, (1849), (Alban, or the History
of a Young Puritan) (new ed. 1853, with its
sequel (The Forest, 1852), Blonde and Bru-
nette) (1859); etc.
Hurlburt, William Henry. An American
journalist; born at Charleston, S. C. , 1827; died
1895. After an extensive journalistic experience
in New York, he became editor-in-chief of the
New York World (1876-83). After 1883 he
resided in Europe. He wrote: (Gan-Eden!
(1854), travels in Cuba; (General McClellan
and the Conduct of the War) (1864); etc.
Hurst, John Fletcher. A prominent Amer-
ican Methodist divine and writer; born near
Salem, Md. , Aug. 17, 1834. He became bishop
in the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1880,
and chancellor of the American University of
his denomination in 1891. He has written :
Literature of Theology); History of Ration-
alism); Martyrs to the Tract Cause); Life
and Literature in the Fatherland); Outline
of Church History); (Our Theological Cen.
tury); (Bibliotheca Theologica'; (Short His-
tories of the Church); (Short History of the
Christian Church); Indika, a large illustrated
work on India, and one of great importance ;
translations of theological works and histories;
etc.
Hurter, Friedrich Emanuel, von (hör'ter).
A Swiss theologian and historian; born at
Schaffhausen, March 19, 1787; died at Gratz,
Styria, Aug. 27, 1865. Appointed to a pastorate
in his native town, he resigned in 1841, and be-
came a convert to Catholicism. In 1846 he was
selected as historiographer to the Emperor of
Austria. Of his numerous works, relating chiefly
to mediæval and church history, may be men-
tioned: History of King Theodoric and his
Reign) (1807); Pope Innocent III. and his
Contemporaries) (1834-42); (Birth and New
Birth) (1845), in which he gives his reasons
for a change of religion ; 'Emperor Ferdinand
II. (10 vols. , 1850-62); Last Four Years of
the Life of Wallenstein (1862).
Hutcheson, Francis. A Scotch educator and
philosopher; born at Drumalig, Ulster, Ireland,
Aug. 8, 1694; died in Glasgow, about 1746.
For many years a public teacher in Glasgow,
he became in 1729 professor of moral philoso-
phy at the university in that city. He is re-
garded as one of the founders of modern phi-
losophy in Scotland. He was the author of:
(Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of
Beauty and Virtue) (1720); (Nature and Con-
duct of the Passions and Affections) (1728);
(System of Moral Philosophy) (1755).
Hutchinson, Ellen Mackay. [“Mrs. Royal
Cortissoz. ”] An American poet and journalist ;
born in western New York in 184. She was
long one of the editors of the New York Trib-
une, and was associated with E. C. Stedman
in the compilation of the Library of Ameri-
can Literature. Her numerous poems have
been collected under the title of (Songs and
Lyrics) (1881).
Hutten, Ulrich von (höt'ten). A German
poet, theologian, and controversial satirist; born
in Steckelburg, near Fulda, 1488; died in the
island of Ufenau, Lake Zurich, 1523. Of a
noble family and destined for the church, he
preferred a life of roving adventure. After
many vicissitudes, including shipwreck, military
service, and absolute beggary, he rose to fame
by brilliant contributions to the current re-
ligious and political controversies. His works
include: (The Art of Prosody); Nemo,' a
satire upon the pedantic learning of his day;
(Dialogues); and various others, most of them
attacking abuses in the church. His most
noteworthy production, however (his in part
if not wholly), is the Letters of Obscure Men)
(that is, men who think and talk obscurely),
mercilessly ridiculing the ignorance of the
lower clergy. His position in literature is that
of a fearless genius and champion of truth;
he aimed to regenerate his country, but his
means were somewhat Utopian.
Hutton, Laurence. An American essayist
and literary critic; born in New York, Aug. 8,
1843. Devoting his earlier years to mercantile
pursuits, he at length became dramatic critic
of the New York Evening Mail. He has edited,
since 1886, Literary Notes in Harper's Maga-
zine. His publications are well known under
the titles (Plays and Players); “Edwin Booth';
Literary Landmarks); and essays on London,
Edinburgh, Jerusalem, Venice, Florence, and
Rome.
Hutton, Richard Holt. An English editor,
critic, and author; born 1826; died 1897. He was
editor of the London Spectator, a literary critic
of great repute, and the author of (Studies in
Parliament: a Series of Sketches of Leading
Politicians) (1866); (Essays, Theological and
Literary) (2 vols.
