, 1862–77),
was translated into French in an abridged form
as a History of Hellenic Civilization (1878).
was translated into French in an abridged form
as a History of Hellenic Civilization (1878).
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
He wrote several theological dis-
sertations, and a notable Disputation against
the Roman Pontiffs and their Adherents); his
best work is a poem (On the Immortality of the
Soul' (1531), one of the finest specimens of
Latin poetry written in the 16th century.
Paley, Frederick Apthorp. An English
scholar and writer on architecture, grandson
of William. He graduated in 1838 at Cam-
bridge, became a Roman Catholic in 1846, and
professor of classical literature in University
College from 1874. He edited many Greek and
Latin texts, and published a Manual of Gothic
Architecture (1846), and other writings on
similar subjects.
Paley, William. A distinguished English
theological writer; born at Peterborough, 1743 ;
died May 25, 1805. He was appointed arch-
deacon of Carlisle, 1782; prebendary of St.
Paul's, London, 1794; dean of Lincoln, 1795.
His principal writings are : (Principles of Moral
and Political Philosophy) (1785); Horæ Pau-
linæ; or, The Truth of the Scripture History
of St. Paul Evinced, etc. (1791); View of
the Evidences of Christianity) (1794), his
most celebrated work; (Natural Theology; or,
Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of
the Deity Collected from the Appearances of
Nature) (1802), in some respects the most re-
markable of all his writings.
Palffy, Albert (päl'fē). A Hungarian novel-
ist and publicist; born at Gyula, 1823. In the
year of revolutions, 1848, he started a daily
journal, The Fifteenth of March, which had a
powerful influence in inciting the Hungarian
people to insurrection. He was incarcerated
for several months after the suppression of the
rebellion, and then resumed his labors as a
novelist. His principal stories are: (The Hun.
garian Millionaire) (1845); (The Black Book)
(1846); (Stories Left Behind by a Refugee!
(1850); Mother and Countess) (1886); Last
Years of Old. Hungary) (1890).
Palfrey, Francis Winthrop. An American
historical writer; born in Boston, April 11, 1831 ;
## p. 414 (#430) ############################################
PALFREY - PALMEIRIM
414
a
died in Cannes, France, Dec. 5, 1889. He was
educated as a lawyer; served in the Civil War
as colonel of the 20th Massachusetts Infantry.
He published (A Memoir of William F. Bart.
lett (1879); Antietam and Fredericksburg,
being Vol. v. of (Campaigns of the Civil War)
(1882).
Palfrey, John Gorham. An American cler-
gyman and author; born in Boston, May 2,
1796; died in Cambridge, Mass. , April 26, 1881.
He graduated at Harvard; was pastor of
Brattle Street Unitarian Church, Boston; pro-
fessor in Harvard, 1830-39: member of the
State Legislature, 1842-43; Secretary of State
of Massachusetts, 1844-48; and member of the
Anti-Slavery Congress at Paris, 1867. He pub-
lished numerous lectures, addresses, and ser-
mons; and wrote (The Relation between Juda-
ism and Christianity) (1854). His enduring
work, however, is (The History of New Eng-
land) (4 vols. , 1858-64). *
Palfrey, Sarah Hammond. ["E. Foxton. ”]
An American novelist and poet, daughter of
John G. ; born in Massachusetts in 1823. She
resides in Cambridge, Mass. Among her po-
etical works are : (Prémices); (The Chapel);
(Agnes Wentworth. She has also published
the stories (Katherine Morne); Hermann, or
Young Knighthood) (1866).
Palgrave, Francis, Sir. An English histo-
rian of Jewish parentage, originally named
Cohen ; born in London, 1788; died July 6, 1861.
Besides numerous contributions to the reviews,
he wrote: (History of England (1831); (Rise
and Progress of the English Commonwealth
(1832); Detached Thoughts on the Polity and
Ecclesiastical History of the Middle Ages';
(History of Normandy and England) (4 vols. ,
1851-64); Merchant and Friar) (1837), an im-
aginary history of Marco Polo and Friar Bacon.
Palgrave, Francis Turner. An English poet
and art critic, son of Sir Francis; born Sept.
28, 1824. From 1885 to 1895 he was a professor
at Oxford. His books are: (Idylls and Songs
(1854); the famous anthology (The Golden
Treasury' of English poetry (1861); Essays on
Art) (1866); (Hymns) (1868); “Lyrical Poems)
(1871); (The Visions of England (1881); ( The
Life of Jesus Christ Illustrated from the Italian
Painters of the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries)
(1885); Amenophis and Other Poems) (1892).
A second (Golden Treasury' was published in
1897.
Palgrave, Reginald F. D. , Sir. An English
writer on history and parliamentary law, son
of Sir Francis; born at London, June 28, 1829.
He wrote: “The Chairman's Handbook (11th
ed. 1895); (The House of Commons); (Oliver
Cromwell, the Protector: an Appreciation Based
on Contemporary Evidence) (1890), in which
he presents the antidote to Thomas Carlyle's
(Life and Letters of Oliver Cromwell. ”
Palgrave, William Gifford. An English
traveler, son of Sir Francis ; born in London,
Jan. 24, 1826; died at Montevideo, Sept. 30, 1888.
His chief writings are: Narrative of a Year's
Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia)
(2 vols. , 1862-63); (Essays on Eastern Questions)
(1872); Herrmann Agha,' a story (1872);
(Dutch Guiana) (1876); Ulysses : Scenes and
Studies in Many Lands (1887); a posthumous
poem, "A Vision of Life: Semblance and Re-
ality' (1891). *
Palissot de Montenoy, Charles (pä-le-so'
dė mônt-nwä'). A French poet; born at
Nancy, Jan. 3, 1730; died at Paris, June 15, 1814.
At 14 he took the degree of Bachelor of The-
ology, but gave up the ecclesiastical career for
literature, and was appointed director of the
Mazarin Library. With his first tragedies he
had little success; otherwise with his comedies
(The Guardians) and “The Barber of Bagdad. '
His satiric piece (The Coterie) (Le Cercie), at-
tacking Rousseau, brought down upon him the
enmity of the encyclopedists, who paid him
back with "Little Letters on Great Philoso-
phers) (1757), and the comedy (The Philoso-
phers) (1760). He lived on pacific terms with
Voltaire, and even dedicated to him his "Dun-
ciad, or War of the Blockheads) (1764).
Palissy, Bernard (pä-le-sē). A great artistic
potter and glass-painter; born at La Chapelle,
Biron, in the province of Périgord, 1510; died
about 1590, in the Bastille, where he was impris-
oned on the charge of heresy. His writings
are : Veritable Receipt whereby all Men in
France can Learn to Multiply and Enlarge
their Treasures, etc. (1564); (Admirable Dis-
courses on the Nature of Waters and Fount-
ains) (1580).
Pallavicino, Sforza, Cardinal (pä-lä-vēſche-
no). An Italian church historian; born at
Rome, Nov. 28, 1607 ; died June 4, 1667. He
became a member of the Company of Jesus
in 1638 ; was raised to the cardinalate in 1659.
His principal work, History of the Council of
Trent,' written in Italian, was first published
(2 vols. , folio) in 1656-57; the second edition
(1666) had many changes. The work was
written to counteract Sarpi's history of the same
council.
Palleske, Emil (pä-lesk'é). A German elo.
cutionist and author; born at Tempelburg, in
Pomerania, Jan. 5, 1823; died at Thal, near
Eisenach, Oct. 28, 1880. He gave dramatic
readings, especially of Shakespeare's plays,
throughout Germany. He wrote Life and
Work of Schiller) (2 vols. , 1858–59); (Char-
lotte von Kalb: in Memoriam) (1880).
Palma y Romay, Ramón (päl'mä ē ro'mā).
A Cuban dramatist and poet; born in Havana,
in January 1812; died there, January 1860. His
first poems were published in 1830. The drama
"La Vuelta del Cruzado, performed in 1837,
met great success. Volumes of his poems have
appeared with the titles: (Aves de Paso) (1841);
Hojas Caidas) (1843); and Melodias Poéticas)
(1846).
Palmeirim, Luiz Augusto (päl-mi'rēm). A
Portuguese poet; born at Lisbon, Aug. 9, 1825;
)
## p. 415 (#431) ############################################
PALMER - PANSY
415
(
died there, Dec. 4, 1893. His first collection
of lyric verse, Poesies) (1851), reached a 5th
edition in his lifetime, and won for him the
title “the Béranger of Portugal. Among his
patriotic poems, 'Exiled' is the one best known.
His lyrics have been published as Popular
Songs. He wrote also some comedies in verse;
a 'Gallery of Portuguese Portraits) (1878); and
(The Eccentrics of my Time) (1891).
Palmer, Edward Henry. An English Ori-
entalist; born at Cambridge, Aug. 7, 1840; died
in Egypt, 1882. He wrote Arabic and Persian
grammars ; made a metrical translation of the
(Poetical Works of Beha-ed-din Zoheir of Egypt)
(1876); translated the Koran) (1880); wrote a
(Life of Haroun Alraschid' (1881); and a series
of papers on (Arab Humour. )
Palmer, John Williamson. An American
physician and miscellaneous writer; born in
Baltimore, Md. , April 4, 1825; died in New York
city, 1896. In 1870 he settled in New York;
subsequently was connected with the staff of
the Century Dictionary. Among his writings
are : (The Golden Dagon; or, Up and Down
the Irrawaddi) (1853); “The New and the Old;
or, California and India in Romantic Aspects)
(1859); (After his Kind, by John Coventry,' a
novel (1886); and (Stonewall Jackson's Way,
which was one of the most popular ballads of
the Civil War.
Palmer, Joseph. An English miscellaneous
writer; born 1756; died at Eastbourne in Sus-
sex, Sept. 4, 1815. He wrote: “A Fortnight's
Ramble to the Lakes,' etc. (1782); (Half-Pay,'
a narrative poem; (The Lancashire Collier
Girl) (1795); (Siege of Gibraltar) (1795), a
poem ; “Windermere (1798), a poem.
Palmer, Julius Auboineau. An American
author; born in Massachusetts in 1840. Among
his works are: (One Voyage and its Conse-
quences) (1889); About Mushrooms) (1894);
Memories of Hawaii? (1894); (Again in Ha-
waii) (1895).
Palmer, Mary. An English writer, niece of
Sir Joshua Reynolds; born at Plympton Earl's
in Devonshire, Feb. 9, 1716; died at Great Tor-
rington, May 27, 1794. She wrote (A Devon-
shire Dialogue, the best piece of literature in
the Devon dialect.
Palmer, Ray. An American clergyman and
hymn-writer; born at Little Compton, R. I. ,
Nov. 12, 1808; died at Newark, N. J. , March
29, 1887. He was pastor of Congregational
churches in Bath, Me. , and Albany, N. Y. , and
secretary of the Congregational Union, 1866-
78. His best-known hymn is (My Faith Looks
Up to Thee, which has been translated into
twenty languages. He has published : “Spirit-
ual Improvement) (1839); Hymns and Sacred
Pieces) (1865); (Hymns of my Holy Hours)
(1866).
Palmer, William. An English theologian
and archæologist; born at Mixbury in Oxford-
shire, July 12, 1811 ; died at Rome, April 4, 1879.
4
He was a clergyman of the Established Church,
but seceded to Rome in 1855. He was a volu-
minous writer. Among his works are: (Short
Poems and Hymns) (1843); (Remarks on the
Turkish Question) (1858); Introduction to
Early Christian Symbolism (1859); Egyptian
Chronicles (1861); (Commentary on the Book
of Daniel (1874).
Palmer, William Pitt. An American poet;
born in Stockbridge, Mass. , Feb. 22, 1805; died
in Brooklyn, N. Y. , May 2, 1884. He wrote
many poems, some of which became famous;
among them are the (Ode to Light) and Or-
pheus and Eurydice. )
Palmotta, Giunio (päl-mot'ta). A Dalma-
tian poet; born at Ragusa, 1606; died 1657.
Among his works are: (The Christiad; or, Life
of Jesus Christ, in 24 cantos (1670); some
dramas, as (Atalanta, (Edipus, (The Rape
of Helen); and the poem (Glorious History of
the Slav Kings of Dalmatia. '
Paltock, Robert. An English story-writer;
born at London, about 1697; died there, March
20, 1767. He is known to fame only through
his story (Peter Wilkins, a Cornishman' (1750).
Paludan-Müller, Frederik (päl'ö-dän-
mėl'ler). A Danish poet; born at Kjerteminde
in the island of Fuynen, Feb. 7, 1809; died at
Copenhagen, Dec. 28, 1876. He wrote: (Love
at Court) (1832), a romantic drama; the spirited
Byronesque poem(The Dancers) (1833); “Cupid
and Psyche) (1834); (Trochees and lambics)
(1837); Poems) (2 vols. , 1836–38); the dra-
matic poems (Venus) (1841), (Tithon (1844);
the great satirical poem (The Man Adam)
(3 vols. , 1841-49), his masterpiece; (Aeronauts
and Atheists) (1853), a versified defense of
Christianity; Death of Abel); (Ahasuerus);
(Benedict of Nursia' (1854-62). His chief prose
writings are (The Fountain of Youth (1865),
and “Story of Ivar Lykke) (3 vols. , 1866–73).
One of his latest poems is Adonis,' in which
he returns to mythological themes. *
Panaleff, Vladimir Ivanovich (pä-ni'yef).
A Russian story-writer and poet; born in the
government of Kazan, 1792; died at St. Peters-
burg, 1854. He wrote Panegyrics) of the poet
Derzhavin (1817) and the Emperor Alexander I.
(1820); 'Idylls) (1820); Miscellaneous Poems);
(Stories. '
Panard, François (pän-är'). A noted French
lyric poet; born at Courville near Chartres,
about 1694; died at Paris, June 13, 1765. He
wrote a series of admirable songs, besides
vaudevilles and comic operas. He lived on
the bounty of his friends, repaying them with
his verses.
Panini (pä'nē-nē). A celebrated Indian phi-
lologist of the fourth century B. C. There is
extant a philological work written by him, con-
sisting of eight books of Sanskrit grammati.
cal rules: it was published at Calcutta (2 vols. ,
1809).
Panormita. See Beccadelli.
Pansy. See Alden.
## p. 416 (#432) ############################################
416
PANTENIUS - PARK
(
Pantenius, Theodor Hermann (pän-te'nē-us).
A German novelist; born at Mitau in Cour-
land, Oct. 10, 1843. Under the pseudonym of
( Theodor Hermann” he wrote: (Wilhelm
Wolfschild) (2d ed. 1873); Alone and Free )
(1875); Ruddy Gold' (1881); "Stories from
Courland (1892).
Paparrhigopoulos, Constantine (pä''pä-rē-
gop'ö-los). A modern Greek historian; born
at Constantinople in 1815; died at Athens,
April 26, 1891. His father was a rich banker
of Constantinople, who was put to death dur-
ing the Greek Revolution of 1821. The son,
having escaped to Russia, was educated at
Odessa at the expense of the Czar Alexander,
and in 1854 became professor of history at the
University of Athens. His principal work, (A
History of the Greek People' (5 vols.
, 1862–77),
was translated into French in an abridged form
as a History of Hellenic Civilization (1878).
Papillon, Marc de (pä-pe-yôn'), known as
«Captain Lasphrise. A French poet; born at
Amboise, 1555; died about 1005. In 1590 he
published a volume of stanzas, songs, elegies,
epigrams, satires, epitaphs, etc.
His verses
are graceful and enlivened with wit, but many
of them are licentious. Toward the end of
his life he composed poems on religious sub-
jects; e. g. , a versified rendering of the “Can-
ticle of the Three Children in the Fiery Fur-
nace, the Magnificat,' the Lord's Prayer, etc.
Pardo-Bazán, Emilia (pär-do-ba-zan'). A
Spanish story-teller; born at Coruña, 1852.
Most noteworthy among her writings are : (Pas-
cual Lopez) (1888); (Mother Nature) (2 vols. ,
1888); Morriña, a Love Story) (1889); (The
Palpitating Question (4th ed. 1891). She com-
menced the publication of the monthly New
Critical Theatre in 1890. *
Pardoe, Julia. An English historical and
miscellaneous writer; born at Beverly, York-
shire, 1806; died in London, Nov. 26, 1862. She
was a most voluminous writer, among her works
being : (Traditions of Portugal) (1833); (City
of the Sultan,' etc. (1837); Louis XIV. and
the Court of France) (1847); (The Jealous
Wife) (1847–58); (The Court and Reign of
Francis I. (1849); (Marie de' Medici? (1852);
( Episodes of French History, during the Con-
sulate,' etc. (1859); (A Life Struggle) (1859).
Pardon, George Frederick. An English
miscellaneous writer; born at London, 1824;
died 1884. He wrote many handbooks of games,
sports, and pastimes ; several stories, as Faces
in the Fire) (1856); ' Tales from the Operas)
(1858); ( Boldheart the Warrior) (1859); Noble
by Heritage (1877); “Stories About Animals);
Stories About Birds); (Illustrious Women who
have Distinguished Themselves for Virtue, Piety,
and Benevolence) (1868).
Parini, Giuseppe (pä -re' nē). An Italian
lyric and satiric poet; born in the village of
Bosisio in the Milanese, May 22, 1729; died at
Milan, Aug. 15, 1799. His chief work is a so-
cial satire in four parts, called Morning,
Noon, (Evening,' and (Night,' afterward col-
lected and named Day' ('Works, 6 vols. ,
1801-4. ) *
Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin (pä-rēs'). A
distinguished French Romance philologist; born
at Avenay, Aug. 9, 1839. He is professor of
the French language and literature at the Col-
lège de France, and has done much to arouse
interest in the study of Romance philology.
(A Poetical History of Charlemagne) (1866),
(Poetry of the Middle Ages) (1885), and
(French Mediæval Literature) (1888), are his
most important publications. He is a member
of German, Austrian, and Italian academies,
and an officer of the Legion of Honor.
Paris, Matthew. A celebrated mediæval
chronicler ; his birthplace and date of birth
are unknown; he died about 1259. He be-
came a novice in the Benedictine monastery
of St. Albans, England, in 1217; was received
into the order, and was employed in many
weighty affairs of church and State. His prin-
cipal work is his (Greater History,' or Larger
Chronicles) of events down to 1259. Among
his other writings is the 'Lives of Twenty-three
Abbots of St. Albans.
Parisius, Ludolf (pär-é'se-us). A German
publicist; born at Gardelegen, Oct. 15, 1827.
Besides several political pamphlets, he wrote:
Commentary on the Imperial Law against
Associations) (1876); (German Political Parties,
and the Ministry of Bismarck) (1877); the nov.
els (Duty and Obligation (1873), “Weary of
Freedom (1873), In the Woods and on the
Heath); (German Popular Songs); Pictures
from Ancient Brandenburg) (2 vols. , 1882-84).
Park, Andrew. A Scotch poet; born at Ren.
frew, March 7, 1807; died at Glasgow, Dec. 27,
1863. After an Oriental tour he published
(Egypt and the East) (1856). His poems are:
(The Vision of Mankind”; (The Bridegroom
and the Bride) (1834); (Silent Love, a grace-
ſul poem (1843); Veritas) (1849), a poem of
an autobiographical character.
Park, John. A Scotch poet ; born at Green-
ock, Jan. 14, 1804; died at St. Andrews, April
8, 1865. He wrote many songs which have
become popular favorites, among them (O gin
I were where Gadie rins,' and (The Miller's
Daughter. His songs were not published till
after his death ; then also was published a
volume of his "Lectures and Sermons) (1865).
Park, Mungo. A celebrated Scottish traveler;
born at Fowlshiels, Sept. 10, 1771; died in
equatorial Africa in 1806. He was sent to
Africa under the auspices of the African Asso-
ciation, and explored the Gambia and upper
Niger, publishing on his return the well-known
(Travels in the Interior of Africa) (1799). On
his second expedition, which was equipped by
the British government, he descended the Niger
some 1500 miles; and after losing the majority
of his men from fever, was treacherously mur-
dered by natives.
:
## p. 417 (#433) ############################################
PARK-PARR
417
Park, Roswell. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Lebanon, Conn. , 1807; died in
Chicago, Ill. , 1869. He published : “Selections
of Juvenile and Miscellaneous Poems) (1836);
(Sketch of the History of West Point) (1840);
(Pantology, or Systematic Survey of Human
Knowledge) (1841); and (Jerusalem, and Other
Poems) (1857).
Parker, Edwin Pond. An American clergy.
man, hymn-writer, and author; born at Castine,
Me. , 1836. He has been pastor of the South
Congregational Church in Hartford, Conn. , since
1860. He is the author of several hymns, and
has published among other works Book of
Praise) and (The Ministry of Beauty. )
Parker, Gilbert. A Canadian novelist, now
living in New York; born in Ontario, 1861.
Among his works are: Pierre and his Peo-
ple); (Tales of the Far North); (An Ad-
venturer of the North); (A Romany of the
Snows); (A Lover's Diary) (1894); (The Trail
of the Sword (1894); "When Valmond Came to
Pontiac); (The Seats of the Mighty); (The
Pomp of the Lavillettes); 'The Trespasser. *
Parker, John Henry. An English archæ-
ologist; born in London in 1806; died in 1884.
He superintended many excavations in Rome,
and was the author of (The Archäology of
Rome) (3 vols. , 1874-84), an important work
on the walls, aqueducts, tombs, etc. , of the
Eternal City. His other publications are: a
(Glossary of Architecture (1836), an important
aid to the revival of Gothic art; (Introduction
to the Study of Gothic Architecture (1849).
Parker, Martin. A noted English balladist;
the dates of his birth and death are unknown,
but he died probably in 1656. Among his bal-
lads are: (When the King Enjoyes his Own
Again'; (The King and a Poore Northerne
Man'; (Sailors for my Money); John and
Joan; or, A Mad Couple Well Met.
Parker, Theodore. A distinguished Ameri-
can preacher and reformer; born at Lexing-
ton, Mass. , Aug. 24, 1810; died at Florence,
May 10, 1860. He was pastor of a Unitarian
church in Roxbury (1836-43), meanwhile con-
tributing to the Dial essays and reviews in
which he gave expression to theological opin-
ions of extreme heterodoxy. His Discourse
on Matters Pertaining to Religion (1842), a
volume of lectures delivered by him in Boston,
made him famous, and he finally left Rox-
bury and preached regularly in that city. He
also lectured in the chief cities of the Union.
He published (Theism, Atheism, and the Pop-
ular Theology) (1853), and a volume of “Ten
Sermons on Religion (1852). *
Parkhurst, Charles Henry. An American
clergyman and reformer; born at Framingham,
Mass. , April 17, 1842. He graduated at Am-
herst College in 1866, and studied theology in
Germany. Since 1880 he has been pastor of
the Madison Square Presbyterian Church. In
1891, as president of the Society for the Pre-
vention of Crime, he began his attack on the
police department of New York city, and was
prominent in the Lexow investigation which
followed. His writings include: (The Blind
Man's Creed (1883); (Three Gates on a Side)
(1891); “Our Fight with Tammany) (1895).
Parkman, Francis. An eminent American
historian; born at Boston, Sept. 16, 1823; died
at Jamaica Plain, Mass. , Nov. 8, 1893. He wrote:
(The Oregon Trail : Prairie and Rocky Mount-
ain Life) (1849); "History of the Conspiracy
of Pontiac) (2 vols. , 1851); (The Pioneers of
France in the New World (1865); “The Jesuits
in North America) (1866); (La Salle and the
Discovery of the Great West) (1869); (The
Old Régime in Canada) (1874); (Count Fron-
tenac and New France under Louis XIV. ? (1877);
(Montcalm and Wolfe) (2 vols. , 1884); (A Half-
Century of Conflict' (2 vols. , 1892). *
Parley, Peter. See Goodrich.
Parmenides (pär-men'i-dēz). A celebrated
Greek philosopher of the fifth century B. C. ;
born at Elea in Southern Italy. He wrote but
one work on philosophy,-a didactic poem
in the epic metre and in the lonic dialect,
entitled “On Nature): fragments of it, in all
about 160 lines, have come down to our times.
It was divided into three sections, Proem,
(Truth, <Opinion. The fragments have been
rendered into English by Th mas Davidson. *
Parnell, Thomas. An Irish poet; born at
Dublin, 1679; died 1718. He was a minister
of the established Irish Church, and held a
cure of souls in Ireland, but spent most of his
life in England. His works are: a volume of
(Poems, in which is (The Hermit); a Life
of Homer) prefixed, and a translation of the
(Battle of the Frogs and Mice always suffixed,
to Pope's version of the Iliad.
Parny, Évariste Désiré Desforges, Viscomte
de (pär-nē'). A French poet; born in the Isle
of Bourbon, Feb. 6, 1753; died at Paris, Dec. 5,
1814. He won celebrity through his volume of
Erotic Poems, which first appeared in incom-
plete form 1778, completed 1781: Voltaire sa-
luted him, “My dear Tibullus. In 1799 he
published (The War of the Gods, afterward
enlarged and named (The Christianide): it is
a cynical and impious attack upon all religions.
He published (1805) (The Stolen Portfolio,' con-
taining Venus's Disguises,' (Gallantries of the
Bible, (Paradise Lost.
Parodi, Dominique Alexandre (pä-ro-de').
A French poet of Greek origin; born in the
island of Crete, Nov. 15, 1840. He spent his
early years at Smyrna, then lived for a time
at Milan, and afterward settled in Paris as a
journalist. He wrote: (The Last of the Popes,
a novel, in Italian; a volume of French verses,
(Passions and Thoughts) (1865); Messenian
Tales) (1867); (The Triumph of Peace) (1878);
(Flesh and Soul Cry Out) (1883). He wrote
also the tragedy (Rome Vanquished (1876),
and the Scriptural poem “Sephora' (1877).
Parr, Samuel. A famous English scholar
and educator; born at Harrow-on-the-Hill, Jan.
a
27
## p. 418 (#434) ############################################
418
PARROT - PASCAL
15, 1747; died at Hatton, March 6, 1825. He
was chief assistant at Harrow, 1767-71; after-
wards master of schools at Colchester and Nor-
wich; and prebend of St. Paul's, London. He
was famous for extent and variety of learning
and for conversational powers. His writings
(8 vols. , 1828) include sermons, memoirs, re-
views, dissertations, etc. , -- a mass of crude schol.
arship not focused to any special field, and per-
ishing with itself. (Aphorisms, Opinions, and
Reflections by Dr. Parr) (1826) was an effort
to preserve some of the talk which helped to
make him a popular colossus in his day.
Parrot, Henry. An English epigrammatist ;
place and date of birth and death unknown.
In the first quarter of the 17th century he pub-
lished six volumes of licentious epigrams and
satires. One of the volumes was entitled
(Springes to Catch Woodcocks) (1613), and
contains 216 epigrams; another, 'Cures for the
Itch : Characters, Epigrams, Epitaphs) (1626).
Parsons, Eliza. An English novelist and
dramatist; born at Plymouth; died at Leyton-
stone in Essex, Feb. 5, 1811. She wrote the
farce Intrigues of a Morning; or, An Hour at
Paris) (1792), an adaptation of Molière's "Mon-
sieur de Pourceaugnac); the novels History
of Miss Meredith) (1790); (The Castle of Wolf-
enbach (1793); (The Peasant of Ardennes
Forest); (The Mysterious Visits); and others.
Parsons, Mrs. Frances Theodora (Smith)
(Dana). An American writer of Albany, N. Y. ;
born in New York State in 1861. Under the
name of “William Starr Dana” she has pub-
lished : (How to Know the Wild Flowers ); (AC-
cording to Season); (Plants and their Children.
Parsons, George Frederic. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Brighton, England, 1840. In 1863 he began
journalistic work at Vancouver Island ; subse.
quently was editor of the Sacramento (Cal. )
Record Union. In 1883 he became a member
of the editorial staff of the New York Tribune.
His works include: "Life of James Marshall,
discoverer of gold in California (1871); (Mid-
dle Ground,' a novel (1874).
Parsons, Gertrude. An English novelist;
born 1812; died at Teignmouth, Feb. 12, 1891.
Among her novels are: 'Thornberry Abbey)
(1846); (Emma Cross: A Tale) (1859); "Ruth
Baynard's Story) (1861); (Major Vandermere)
(1876). She wrote also "Life of St. Ignatius of
Loyola) (1860); "Life of St. Colette) (1879).
Parsons, Philip. An English miscellaneous
writer; born at Dedham in Essex, 1729; died
at Wye, June 12, 1812. His principal work is
(Monuments and Painted Glass in upwards of
100 Churches) (1794). He wrote also: Inef-
ficacy of Satire: a Poem (1766); Dialogues of
the Dead with the Living) (1779); (Simplicity :
A Poem (1784).
Parsons, Thomas William. An American
poet; born at Boston, Aug. 18, 1819; died Sept.
3, 1892. He made a metrical translation of the
first ten cantos of Dante's Inferno (1843),
and afterwards of the whole of the 'Inferno)
(1867). He published a volume of poems,
"Ghetto di Roma) (1854); (The Magnolia)
(1867); (The Old House at Sudbury' (1870);
(The Shadow of the Obelisk) (1872). *
Parsons, William. An English poet of the
18th century; died 1807. He wrote (A Poetical
Tour (1787); "Ode to a Boy at Eton (1706);
(Fidelity, or Love at First Sight, with Other
Poems) (1798).
Parthenius (pär-thē'nē-us). A Bithynian
poet said to have lived in Rome in the first
century B. C.
sertations, and a notable Disputation against
the Roman Pontiffs and their Adherents); his
best work is a poem (On the Immortality of the
Soul' (1531), one of the finest specimens of
Latin poetry written in the 16th century.
Paley, Frederick Apthorp. An English
scholar and writer on architecture, grandson
of William. He graduated in 1838 at Cam-
bridge, became a Roman Catholic in 1846, and
professor of classical literature in University
College from 1874. He edited many Greek and
Latin texts, and published a Manual of Gothic
Architecture (1846), and other writings on
similar subjects.
Paley, William. A distinguished English
theological writer; born at Peterborough, 1743 ;
died May 25, 1805. He was appointed arch-
deacon of Carlisle, 1782; prebendary of St.
Paul's, London, 1794; dean of Lincoln, 1795.
His principal writings are : (Principles of Moral
and Political Philosophy) (1785); Horæ Pau-
linæ; or, The Truth of the Scripture History
of St. Paul Evinced, etc. (1791); View of
the Evidences of Christianity) (1794), his
most celebrated work; (Natural Theology; or,
Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of
the Deity Collected from the Appearances of
Nature) (1802), in some respects the most re-
markable of all his writings.
Palffy, Albert (päl'fē). A Hungarian novel-
ist and publicist; born at Gyula, 1823. In the
year of revolutions, 1848, he started a daily
journal, The Fifteenth of March, which had a
powerful influence in inciting the Hungarian
people to insurrection. He was incarcerated
for several months after the suppression of the
rebellion, and then resumed his labors as a
novelist. His principal stories are: (The Hun.
garian Millionaire) (1845); (The Black Book)
(1846); (Stories Left Behind by a Refugee!
(1850); Mother and Countess) (1886); Last
Years of Old. Hungary) (1890).
Palfrey, Francis Winthrop. An American
historical writer; born in Boston, April 11, 1831 ;
## p. 414 (#430) ############################################
PALFREY - PALMEIRIM
414
a
died in Cannes, France, Dec. 5, 1889. He was
educated as a lawyer; served in the Civil War
as colonel of the 20th Massachusetts Infantry.
He published (A Memoir of William F. Bart.
lett (1879); Antietam and Fredericksburg,
being Vol. v. of (Campaigns of the Civil War)
(1882).
Palfrey, John Gorham. An American cler-
gyman and author; born in Boston, May 2,
1796; died in Cambridge, Mass. , April 26, 1881.
He graduated at Harvard; was pastor of
Brattle Street Unitarian Church, Boston; pro-
fessor in Harvard, 1830-39: member of the
State Legislature, 1842-43; Secretary of State
of Massachusetts, 1844-48; and member of the
Anti-Slavery Congress at Paris, 1867. He pub-
lished numerous lectures, addresses, and ser-
mons; and wrote (The Relation between Juda-
ism and Christianity) (1854). His enduring
work, however, is (The History of New Eng-
land) (4 vols. , 1858-64). *
Palfrey, Sarah Hammond. ["E. Foxton. ”]
An American novelist and poet, daughter of
John G. ; born in Massachusetts in 1823. She
resides in Cambridge, Mass. Among her po-
etical works are : (Prémices); (The Chapel);
(Agnes Wentworth. She has also published
the stories (Katherine Morne); Hermann, or
Young Knighthood) (1866).
Palgrave, Francis, Sir. An English histo-
rian of Jewish parentage, originally named
Cohen ; born in London, 1788; died July 6, 1861.
Besides numerous contributions to the reviews,
he wrote: (History of England (1831); (Rise
and Progress of the English Commonwealth
(1832); Detached Thoughts on the Polity and
Ecclesiastical History of the Middle Ages';
(History of Normandy and England) (4 vols. ,
1851-64); Merchant and Friar) (1837), an im-
aginary history of Marco Polo and Friar Bacon.
Palgrave, Francis Turner. An English poet
and art critic, son of Sir Francis; born Sept.
28, 1824. From 1885 to 1895 he was a professor
at Oxford. His books are: (Idylls and Songs
(1854); the famous anthology (The Golden
Treasury' of English poetry (1861); Essays on
Art) (1866); (Hymns) (1868); “Lyrical Poems)
(1871); (The Visions of England (1881); ( The
Life of Jesus Christ Illustrated from the Italian
Painters of the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries)
(1885); Amenophis and Other Poems) (1892).
A second (Golden Treasury' was published in
1897.
Palgrave, Reginald F. D. , Sir. An English
writer on history and parliamentary law, son
of Sir Francis; born at London, June 28, 1829.
He wrote: “The Chairman's Handbook (11th
ed. 1895); (The House of Commons); (Oliver
Cromwell, the Protector: an Appreciation Based
on Contemporary Evidence) (1890), in which
he presents the antidote to Thomas Carlyle's
(Life and Letters of Oliver Cromwell. ”
Palgrave, William Gifford. An English
traveler, son of Sir Francis ; born in London,
Jan. 24, 1826; died at Montevideo, Sept. 30, 1888.
His chief writings are: Narrative of a Year's
Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia)
(2 vols. , 1862-63); (Essays on Eastern Questions)
(1872); Herrmann Agha,' a story (1872);
(Dutch Guiana) (1876); Ulysses : Scenes and
Studies in Many Lands (1887); a posthumous
poem, "A Vision of Life: Semblance and Re-
ality' (1891). *
Palissot de Montenoy, Charles (pä-le-so'
dė mônt-nwä'). A French poet; born at
Nancy, Jan. 3, 1730; died at Paris, June 15, 1814.
At 14 he took the degree of Bachelor of The-
ology, but gave up the ecclesiastical career for
literature, and was appointed director of the
Mazarin Library. With his first tragedies he
had little success; otherwise with his comedies
(The Guardians) and “The Barber of Bagdad. '
His satiric piece (The Coterie) (Le Cercie), at-
tacking Rousseau, brought down upon him the
enmity of the encyclopedists, who paid him
back with "Little Letters on Great Philoso-
phers) (1757), and the comedy (The Philoso-
phers) (1760). He lived on pacific terms with
Voltaire, and even dedicated to him his "Dun-
ciad, or War of the Blockheads) (1764).
Palissy, Bernard (pä-le-sē). A great artistic
potter and glass-painter; born at La Chapelle,
Biron, in the province of Périgord, 1510; died
about 1590, in the Bastille, where he was impris-
oned on the charge of heresy. His writings
are : Veritable Receipt whereby all Men in
France can Learn to Multiply and Enlarge
their Treasures, etc. (1564); (Admirable Dis-
courses on the Nature of Waters and Fount-
ains) (1580).
Pallavicino, Sforza, Cardinal (pä-lä-vēſche-
no). An Italian church historian; born at
Rome, Nov. 28, 1607 ; died June 4, 1667. He
became a member of the Company of Jesus
in 1638 ; was raised to the cardinalate in 1659.
His principal work, History of the Council of
Trent,' written in Italian, was first published
(2 vols. , folio) in 1656-57; the second edition
(1666) had many changes. The work was
written to counteract Sarpi's history of the same
council.
Palleske, Emil (pä-lesk'é). A German elo.
cutionist and author; born at Tempelburg, in
Pomerania, Jan. 5, 1823; died at Thal, near
Eisenach, Oct. 28, 1880. He gave dramatic
readings, especially of Shakespeare's plays,
throughout Germany. He wrote Life and
Work of Schiller) (2 vols. , 1858–59); (Char-
lotte von Kalb: in Memoriam) (1880).
Palma y Romay, Ramón (päl'mä ē ro'mā).
A Cuban dramatist and poet; born in Havana,
in January 1812; died there, January 1860. His
first poems were published in 1830. The drama
"La Vuelta del Cruzado, performed in 1837,
met great success. Volumes of his poems have
appeared with the titles: (Aves de Paso) (1841);
Hojas Caidas) (1843); and Melodias Poéticas)
(1846).
Palmeirim, Luiz Augusto (päl-mi'rēm). A
Portuguese poet; born at Lisbon, Aug. 9, 1825;
)
## p. 415 (#431) ############################################
PALMER - PANSY
415
(
died there, Dec. 4, 1893. His first collection
of lyric verse, Poesies) (1851), reached a 5th
edition in his lifetime, and won for him the
title “the Béranger of Portugal. Among his
patriotic poems, 'Exiled' is the one best known.
His lyrics have been published as Popular
Songs. He wrote also some comedies in verse;
a 'Gallery of Portuguese Portraits) (1878); and
(The Eccentrics of my Time) (1891).
Palmer, Edward Henry. An English Ori-
entalist; born at Cambridge, Aug. 7, 1840; died
in Egypt, 1882. He wrote Arabic and Persian
grammars ; made a metrical translation of the
(Poetical Works of Beha-ed-din Zoheir of Egypt)
(1876); translated the Koran) (1880); wrote a
(Life of Haroun Alraschid' (1881); and a series
of papers on (Arab Humour. )
Palmer, John Williamson. An American
physician and miscellaneous writer; born in
Baltimore, Md. , April 4, 1825; died in New York
city, 1896. In 1870 he settled in New York;
subsequently was connected with the staff of
the Century Dictionary. Among his writings
are : (The Golden Dagon; or, Up and Down
the Irrawaddi) (1853); “The New and the Old;
or, California and India in Romantic Aspects)
(1859); (After his Kind, by John Coventry,' a
novel (1886); and (Stonewall Jackson's Way,
which was one of the most popular ballads of
the Civil War.
Palmer, Joseph. An English miscellaneous
writer; born 1756; died at Eastbourne in Sus-
sex, Sept. 4, 1815. He wrote: “A Fortnight's
Ramble to the Lakes,' etc. (1782); (Half-Pay,'
a narrative poem; (The Lancashire Collier
Girl) (1795); (Siege of Gibraltar) (1795), a
poem ; “Windermere (1798), a poem.
Palmer, Julius Auboineau. An American
author; born in Massachusetts in 1840. Among
his works are: (One Voyage and its Conse-
quences) (1889); About Mushrooms) (1894);
Memories of Hawaii? (1894); (Again in Ha-
waii) (1895).
Palmer, Mary. An English writer, niece of
Sir Joshua Reynolds; born at Plympton Earl's
in Devonshire, Feb. 9, 1716; died at Great Tor-
rington, May 27, 1794. She wrote (A Devon-
shire Dialogue, the best piece of literature in
the Devon dialect.
Palmer, Ray. An American clergyman and
hymn-writer; born at Little Compton, R. I. ,
Nov. 12, 1808; died at Newark, N. J. , March
29, 1887. He was pastor of Congregational
churches in Bath, Me. , and Albany, N. Y. , and
secretary of the Congregational Union, 1866-
78. His best-known hymn is (My Faith Looks
Up to Thee, which has been translated into
twenty languages. He has published : “Spirit-
ual Improvement) (1839); Hymns and Sacred
Pieces) (1865); (Hymns of my Holy Hours)
(1866).
Palmer, William. An English theologian
and archæologist; born at Mixbury in Oxford-
shire, July 12, 1811 ; died at Rome, April 4, 1879.
4
He was a clergyman of the Established Church,
but seceded to Rome in 1855. He was a volu-
minous writer. Among his works are: (Short
Poems and Hymns) (1843); (Remarks on the
Turkish Question) (1858); Introduction to
Early Christian Symbolism (1859); Egyptian
Chronicles (1861); (Commentary on the Book
of Daniel (1874).
Palmer, William Pitt. An American poet;
born in Stockbridge, Mass. , Feb. 22, 1805; died
in Brooklyn, N. Y. , May 2, 1884. He wrote
many poems, some of which became famous;
among them are the (Ode to Light) and Or-
pheus and Eurydice. )
Palmotta, Giunio (päl-mot'ta). A Dalma-
tian poet; born at Ragusa, 1606; died 1657.
Among his works are: (The Christiad; or, Life
of Jesus Christ, in 24 cantos (1670); some
dramas, as (Atalanta, (Edipus, (The Rape
of Helen); and the poem (Glorious History of
the Slav Kings of Dalmatia. '
Paltock, Robert. An English story-writer;
born at London, about 1697; died there, March
20, 1767. He is known to fame only through
his story (Peter Wilkins, a Cornishman' (1750).
Paludan-Müller, Frederik (päl'ö-dän-
mėl'ler). A Danish poet; born at Kjerteminde
in the island of Fuynen, Feb. 7, 1809; died at
Copenhagen, Dec. 28, 1876. He wrote: (Love
at Court) (1832), a romantic drama; the spirited
Byronesque poem(The Dancers) (1833); “Cupid
and Psyche) (1834); (Trochees and lambics)
(1837); Poems) (2 vols. , 1836–38); the dra-
matic poems (Venus) (1841), (Tithon (1844);
the great satirical poem (The Man Adam)
(3 vols. , 1841-49), his masterpiece; (Aeronauts
and Atheists) (1853), a versified defense of
Christianity; Death of Abel); (Ahasuerus);
(Benedict of Nursia' (1854-62). His chief prose
writings are (The Fountain of Youth (1865),
and “Story of Ivar Lykke) (3 vols. , 1866–73).
One of his latest poems is Adonis,' in which
he returns to mythological themes. *
Panaleff, Vladimir Ivanovich (pä-ni'yef).
A Russian story-writer and poet; born in the
government of Kazan, 1792; died at St. Peters-
burg, 1854. He wrote Panegyrics) of the poet
Derzhavin (1817) and the Emperor Alexander I.
(1820); 'Idylls) (1820); Miscellaneous Poems);
(Stories. '
Panard, François (pän-är'). A noted French
lyric poet; born at Courville near Chartres,
about 1694; died at Paris, June 13, 1765. He
wrote a series of admirable songs, besides
vaudevilles and comic operas. He lived on
the bounty of his friends, repaying them with
his verses.
Panini (pä'nē-nē). A celebrated Indian phi-
lologist of the fourth century B. C. There is
extant a philological work written by him, con-
sisting of eight books of Sanskrit grammati.
cal rules: it was published at Calcutta (2 vols. ,
1809).
Panormita. See Beccadelli.
Pansy. See Alden.
## p. 416 (#432) ############################################
416
PANTENIUS - PARK
(
Pantenius, Theodor Hermann (pän-te'nē-us).
A German novelist; born at Mitau in Cour-
land, Oct. 10, 1843. Under the pseudonym of
( Theodor Hermann” he wrote: (Wilhelm
Wolfschild) (2d ed. 1873); Alone and Free )
(1875); Ruddy Gold' (1881); "Stories from
Courland (1892).
Paparrhigopoulos, Constantine (pä''pä-rē-
gop'ö-los). A modern Greek historian; born
at Constantinople in 1815; died at Athens,
April 26, 1891. His father was a rich banker
of Constantinople, who was put to death dur-
ing the Greek Revolution of 1821. The son,
having escaped to Russia, was educated at
Odessa at the expense of the Czar Alexander,
and in 1854 became professor of history at the
University of Athens. His principal work, (A
History of the Greek People' (5 vols.
, 1862–77),
was translated into French in an abridged form
as a History of Hellenic Civilization (1878).
Papillon, Marc de (pä-pe-yôn'), known as
«Captain Lasphrise. A French poet; born at
Amboise, 1555; died about 1005. In 1590 he
published a volume of stanzas, songs, elegies,
epigrams, satires, epitaphs, etc.
His verses
are graceful and enlivened with wit, but many
of them are licentious. Toward the end of
his life he composed poems on religious sub-
jects; e. g. , a versified rendering of the “Can-
ticle of the Three Children in the Fiery Fur-
nace, the Magnificat,' the Lord's Prayer, etc.
Pardo-Bazán, Emilia (pär-do-ba-zan'). A
Spanish story-teller; born at Coruña, 1852.
Most noteworthy among her writings are : (Pas-
cual Lopez) (1888); (Mother Nature) (2 vols. ,
1888); Morriña, a Love Story) (1889); (The
Palpitating Question (4th ed. 1891). She com-
menced the publication of the monthly New
Critical Theatre in 1890. *
Pardoe, Julia. An English historical and
miscellaneous writer; born at Beverly, York-
shire, 1806; died in London, Nov. 26, 1862. She
was a most voluminous writer, among her works
being : (Traditions of Portugal) (1833); (City
of the Sultan,' etc. (1837); Louis XIV. and
the Court of France) (1847); (The Jealous
Wife) (1847–58); (The Court and Reign of
Francis I. (1849); (Marie de' Medici? (1852);
( Episodes of French History, during the Con-
sulate,' etc. (1859); (A Life Struggle) (1859).
Pardon, George Frederick. An English
miscellaneous writer; born at London, 1824;
died 1884. He wrote many handbooks of games,
sports, and pastimes ; several stories, as Faces
in the Fire) (1856); ' Tales from the Operas)
(1858); ( Boldheart the Warrior) (1859); Noble
by Heritage (1877); “Stories About Animals);
Stories About Birds); (Illustrious Women who
have Distinguished Themselves for Virtue, Piety,
and Benevolence) (1868).
Parini, Giuseppe (pä -re' nē). An Italian
lyric and satiric poet; born in the village of
Bosisio in the Milanese, May 22, 1729; died at
Milan, Aug. 15, 1799. His chief work is a so-
cial satire in four parts, called Morning,
Noon, (Evening,' and (Night,' afterward col-
lected and named Day' ('Works, 6 vols. ,
1801-4. ) *
Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin (pä-rēs'). A
distinguished French Romance philologist; born
at Avenay, Aug. 9, 1839. He is professor of
the French language and literature at the Col-
lège de France, and has done much to arouse
interest in the study of Romance philology.
(A Poetical History of Charlemagne) (1866),
(Poetry of the Middle Ages) (1885), and
(French Mediæval Literature) (1888), are his
most important publications. He is a member
of German, Austrian, and Italian academies,
and an officer of the Legion of Honor.
Paris, Matthew. A celebrated mediæval
chronicler ; his birthplace and date of birth
are unknown; he died about 1259. He be-
came a novice in the Benedictine monastery
of St. Albans, England, in 1217; was received
into the order, and was employed in many
weighty affairs of church and State. His prin-
cipal work is his (Greater History,' or Larger
Chronicles) of events down to 1259. Among
his other writings is the 'Lives of Twenty-three
Abbots of St. Albans.
Parisius, Ludolf (pär-é'se-us). A German
publicist; born at Gardelegen, Oct. 15, 1827.
Besides several political pamphlets, he wrote:
Commentary on the Imperial Law against
Associations) (1876); (German Political Parties,
and the Ministry of Bismarck) (1877); the nov.
els (Duty and Obligation (1873), “Weary of
Freedom (1873), In the Woods and on the
Heath); (German Popular Songs); Pictures
from Ancient Brandenburg) (2 vols. , 1882-84).
Park, Andrew. A Scotch poet; born at Ren.
frew, March 7, 1807; died at Glasgow, Dec. 27,
1863. After an Oriental tour he published
(Egypt and the East) (1856). His poems are:
(The Vision of Mankind”; (The Bridegroom
and the Bride) (1834); (Silent Love, a grace-
ſul poem (1843); Veritas) (1849), a poem of
an autobiographical character.
Park, John. A Scotch poet ; born at Green-
ock, Jan. 14, 1804; died at St. Andrews, April
8, 1865. He wrote many songs which have
become popular favorites, among them (O gin
I were where Gadie rins,' and (The Miller's
Daughter. His songs were not published till
after his death ; then also was published a
volume of his "Lectures and Sermons) (1865).
Park, Mungo. A celebrated Scottish traveler;
born at Fowlshiels, Sept. 10, 1771; died in
equatorial Africa in 1806. He was sent to
Africa under the auspices of the African Asso-
ciation, and explored the Gambia and upper
Niger, publishing on his return the well-known
(Travels in the Interior of Africa) (1799). On
his second expedition, which was equipped by
the British government, he descended the Niger
some 1500 miles; and after losing the majority
of his men from fever, was treacherously mur-
dered by natives.
:
## p. 417 (#433) ############################################
PARK-PARR
417
Park, Roswell. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Lebanon, Conn. , 1807; died in
Chicago, Ill. , 1869. He published : “Selections
of Juvenile and Miscellaneous Poems) (1836);
(Sketch of the History of West Point) (1840);
(Pantology, or Systematic Survey of Human
Knowledge) (1841); and (Jerusalem, and Other
Poems) (1857).
Parker, Edwin Pond. An American clergy.
man, hymn-writer, and author; born at Castine,
Me. , 1836. He has been pastor of the South
Congregational Church in Hartford, Conn. , since
1860. He is the author of several hymns, and
has published among other works Book of
Praise) and (The Ministry of Beauty. )
Parker, Gilbert. A Canadian novelist, now
living in New York; born in Ontario, 1861.
Among his works are: Pierre and his Peo-
ple); (Tales of the Far North); (An Ad-
venturer of the North); (A Romany of the
Snows); (A Lover's Diary) (1894); (The Trail
of the Sword (1894); "When Valmond Came to
Pontiac); (The Seats of the Mighty); (The
Pomp of the Lavillettes); 'The Trespasser. *
Parker, John Henry. An English archæ-
ologist; born in London in 1806; died in 1884.
He superintended many excavations in Rome,
and was the author of (The Archäology of
Rome) (3 vols. , 1874-84), an important work
on the walls, aqueducts, tombs, etc. , of the
Eternal City. His other publications are: a
(Glossary of Architecture (1836), an important
aid to the revival of Gothic art; (Introduction
to the Study of Gothic Architecture (1849).
Parker, Martin. A noted English balladist;
the dates of his birth and death are unknown,
but he died probably in 1656. Among his bal-
lads are: (When the King Enjoyes his Own
Again'; (The King and a Poore Northerne
Man'; (Sailors for my Money); John and
Joan; or, A Mad Couple Well Met.
Parker, Theodore. A distinguished Ameri-
can preacher and reformer; born at Lexing-
ton, Mass. , Aug. 24, 1810; died at Florence,
May 10, 1860. He was pastor of a Unitarian
church in Roxbury (1836-43), meanwhile con-
tributing to the Dial essays and reviews in
which he gave expression to theological opin-
ions of extreme heterodoxy. His Discourse
on Matters Pertaining to Religion (1842), a
volume of lectures delivered by him in Boston,
made him famous, and he finally left Rox-
bury and preached regularly in that city. He
also lectured in the chief cities of the Union.
He published (Theism, Atheism, and the Pop-
ular Theology) (1853), and a volume of “Ten
Sermons on Religion (1852). *
Parkhurst, Charles Henry. An American
clergyman and reformer; born at Framingham,
Mass. , April 17, 1842. He graduated at Am-
herst College in 1866, and studied theology in
Germany. Since 1880 he has been pastor of
the Madison Square Presbyterian Church. In
1891, as president of the Society for the Pre-
vention of Crime, he began his attack on the
police department of New York city, and was
prominent in the Lexow investigation which
followed. His writings include: (The Blind
Man's Creed (1883); (Three Gates on a Side)
(1891); “Our Fight with Tammany) (1895).
Parkman, Francis. An eminent American
historian; born at Boston, Sept. 16, 1823; died
at Jamaica Plain, Mass. , Nov. 8, 1893. He wrote:
(The Oregon Trail : Prairie and Rocky Mount-
ain Life) (1849); "History of the Conspiracy
of Pontiac) (2 vols. , 1851); (The Pioneers of
France in the New World (1865); “The Jesuits
in North America) (1866); (La Salle and the
Discovery of the Great West) (1869); (The
Old Régime in Canada) (1874); (Count Fron-
tenac and New France under Louis XIV. ? (1877);
(Montcalm and Wolfe) (2 vols. , 1884); (A Half-
Century of Conflict' (2 vols. , 1892). *
Parley, Peter. See Goodrich.
Parmenides (pär-men'i-dēz). A celebrated
Greek philosopher of the fifth century B. C. ;
born at Elea in Southern Italy. He wrote but
one work on philosophy,-a didactic poem
in the epic metre and in the lonic dialect,
entitled “On Nature): fragments of it, in all
about 160 lines, have come down to our times.
It was divided into three sections, Proem,
(Truth, <Opinion. The fragments have been
rendered into English by Th mas Davidson. *
Parnell, Thomas. An Irish poet; born at
Dublin, 1679; died 1718. He was a minister
of the established Irish Church, and held a
cure of souls in Ireland, but spent most of his
life in England. His works are: a volume of
(Poems, in which is (The Hermit); a Life
of Homer) prefixed, and a translation of the
(Battle of the Frogs and Mice always suffixed,
to Pope's version of the Iliad.
Parny, Évariste Désiré Desforges, Viscomte
de (pär-nē'). A French poet; born in the Isle
of Bourbon, Feb. 6, 1753; died at Paris, Dec. 5,
1814. He won celebrity through his volume of
Erotic Poems, which first appeared in incom-
plete form 1778, completed 1781: Voltaire sa-
luted him, “My dear Tibullus. In 1799 he
published (The War of the Gods, afterward
enlarged and named (The Christianide): it is
a cynical and impious attack upon all religions.
He published (1805) (The Stolen Portfolio,' con-
taining Venus's Disguises,' (Gallantries of the
Bible, (Paradise Lost.
Parodi, Dominique Alexandre (pä-ro-de').
A French poet of Greek origin; born in the
island of Crete, Nov. 15, 1840. He spent his
early years at Smyrna, then lived for a time
at Milan, and afterward settled in Paris as a
journalist. He wrote: (The Last of the Popes,
a novel, in Italian; a volume of French verses,
(Passions and Thoughts) (1865); Messenian
Tales) (1867); (The Triumph of Peace) (1878);
(Flesh and Soul Cry Out) (1883). He wrote
also the tragedy (Rome Vanquished (1876),
and the Scriptural poem “Sephora' (1877).
Parr, Samuel. A famous English scholar
and educator; born at Harrow-on-the-Hill, Jan.
a
27
## p. 418 (#434) ############################################
418
PARROT - PASCAL
15, 1747; died at Hatton, March 6, 1825. He
was chief assistant at Harrow, 1767-71; after-
wards master of schools at Colchester and Nor-
wich; and prebend of St. Paul's, London. He
was famous for extent and variety of learning
and for conversational powers. His writings
(8 vols. , 1828) include sermons, memoirs, re-
views, dissertations, etc. , -- a mass of crude schol.
arship not focused to any special field, and per-
ishing with itself. (Aphorisms, Opinions, and
Reflections by Dr. Parr) (1826) was an effort
to preserve some of the talk which helped to
make him a popular colossus in his day.
Parrot, Henry. An English epigrammatist ;
place and date of birth and death unknown.
In the first quarter of the 17th century he pub-
lished six volumes of licentious epigrams and
satires. One of the volumes was entitled
(Springes to Catch Woodcocks) (1613), and
contains 216 epigrams; another, 'Cures for the
Itch : Characters, Epigrams, Epitaphs) (1626).
Parsons, Eliza. An English novelist and
dramatist; born at Plymouth; died at Leyton-
stone in Essex, Feb. 5, 1811. She wrote the
farce Intrigues of a Morning; or, An Hour at
Paris) (1792), an adaptation of Molière's "Mon-
sieur de Pourceaugnac); the novels History
of Miss Meredith) (1790); (The Castle of Wolf-
enbach (1793); (The Peasant of Ardennes
Forest); (The Mysterious Visits); and others.
Parsons, Mrs. Frances Theodora (Smith)
(Dana). An American writer of Albany, N. Y. ;
born in New York State in 1861. Under the
name of “William Starr Dana” she has pub-
lished : (How to Know the Wild Flowers ); (AC-
cording to Season); (Plants and their Children.
Parsons, George Frederic. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Brighton, England, 1840. In 1863 he began
journalistic work at Vancouver Island ; subse.
quently was editor of the Sacramento (Cal. )
Record Union. In 1883 he became a member
of the editorial staff of the New York Tribune.
His works include: "Life of James Marshall,
discoverer of gold in California (1871); (Mid-
dle Ground,' a novel (1874).
Parsons, Gertrude. An English novelist;
born 1812; died at Teignmouth, Feb. 12, 1891.
Among her novels are: 'Thornberry Abbey)
(1846); (Emma Cross: A Tale) (1859); "Ruth
Baynard's Story) (1861); (Major Vandermere)
(1876). She wrote also "Life of St. Ignatius of
Loyola) (1860); "Life of St. Colette) (1879).
Parsons, Philip. An English miscellaneous
writer; born at Dedham in Essex, 1729; died
at Wye, June 12, 1812. His principal work is
(Monuments and Painted Glass in upwards of
100 Churches) (1794). He wrote also: Inef-
ficacy of Satire: a Poem (1766); Dialogues of
the Dead with the Living) (1779); (Simplicity :
A Poem (1784).
Parsons, Thomas William. An American
poet; born at Boston, Aug. 18, 1819; died Sept.
3, 1892. He made a metrical translation of the
first ten cantos of Dante's Inferno (1843),
and afterwards of the whole of the 'Inferno)
(1867). He published a volume of poems,
"Ghetto di Roma) (1854); (The Magnolia)
(1867); (The Old House at Sudbury' (1870);
(The Shadow of the Obelisk) (1872). *
Parsons, William. An English poet of the
18th century; died 1807. He wrote (A Poetical
Tour (1787); "Ode to a Boy at Eton (1706);
(Fidelity, or Love at First Sight, with Other
Poems) (1798).
Parthenius (pär-thē'nē-us). A Bithynian
poet said to have lived in Rome in the first
century B. C.
