A French writer of the school of
Rousseau
;
born at Paris, 1770; died at St.
born at Paris, 1770; died at St.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
Stirling in Eng-
land (1867). His History of Greek Philoso-
phy) was published in 1859.
Schweinfurth, Georg August (shvin'fört).
A Russian explorer; born at Riga, Dec. 29,
1836. He studied at Heidelberg, Munich, and
Berlin. He investigated the fora and fauna
of the valley of the Nile (1864-66), and is the
author of Nile Vegetation (1862); (Contri-
bution to the Flora of Ethiopia) (1867); (Re-
liquiæ Kotschyaræ) (1868); (In the Heart of
Africa) (2 vols. , 1874).
Scollard, Clinton. An American poet; born
in Clinton, N. Y. , Sept. 18, 1861. In 1888 he
was made assistant professor of rhetoric at
Hamilton College, and later professor of Eng-
lish literature. Among his publications are :
(Pictures in Song) (1884); (With Reed and
Lyre) (1886); (Old and New World Lyrics)
(1888); (Giovio and Gilulia' (1891); (Songs of
Sunrise Lands) (1892); and an edition of Ford's
Broken Heart) (1895).
Scott, Alexander. A Scotch poet; born
about 1525; died about 1584; "the Anacreon
of old Scotch poetry. ” Of his writings thirty-
six short poems remain; the most important of
these are (A New Yeir Gift to Quene Mary)
and (The Justing at the Drum.
Scott, Andrew. A Scottish poet; born in
Bowden, Roxburghshire, 1757; died there, May
22, 1839. He served in the British army in
this country during the Revolution, and was
with Cornwallis at the surrender of Yorktown.
While he was encamped on Staten Island he
wrote his noted verses (Betsey Roscoe) and
(The Oak-Tree. After the war he returned
to his native land, and published Poems,
Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect) (1811), and
(Poems on Various Subjects) ( 1826).
.
(
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SCOTT-SCRIBE
487
ness
)
Scott, Clement William. An English dram-
atist and critic; born at London, 1841. He
wrote: (Lays of a Londoner) (1882); (Lays
and Legends) (1888); the dramas (The Cape
Mail, (Odette,' and “Sister Mary?
Scott, Duncan Campbell. A Canadian poet;
born at Ottawa, Ont. , 1862. He is author of
(The Magic House) (1893).
Scott, Frederick George. A Canadian verse-
writer; born 1861. He wrote: (The Soul's
Quest) (1888); (My Lattice, and Other Poems)
(1894).
Scott, Lydia, Lady. An English miscella-
neous writer. Besides stories, as (Flirtation,
Marriage in High Life,' and 'The Henpecked
Husband' (1848), she wrote: Exposition of
the Types and Antitypes of the Old and New
Testament) (1856); (Incentives to Bible Study)
(1860); “The Dream of a Life) (1862).
Scott, Michael. A Scottish philosopher of
the 13th century. Of his life little is known.
His nationality even is in doubt: the Italians
and the Spaniards claimed him as their coun-
tryman as well as the Scots. His great learn-
ing won for him the reputation of being a
magician. His acquaintance with Arabic en-
abled him to translate into Latin the works of
Avicenna and Averroes, and the Arabic ver-
sions of Aristotle with the commentaries of
Averroes. His own writings treat of astrology,
alchemy, and the occult sciences in general;
among them are treatises (On the Sun and
Moon, (On Palmistry, (On Physiognomy and
Human Procreation.
Scott, Patrick. A British poet, author of
(Oriental Musings, and Other Poems) (1840);
Love in the Moon, a poem (1852); (Thomas
à Becket, and Other Poems) (1853); (Foot-
paths between Two Worlds, and Other Poems
(1859).
Scott, Sir Walter. The celebrated Scotch
novelist and poet; born in Edinburgh, Aug.
15, 1771; died at Abbotsford, Sept. 21, 1832.
He wrote : Disputatio Juridica) (1792), a legal
thesis; (The Chase) (1796), comprising trans-
lations from the German; (Goetz of Berlich-
ingen' (1799), a translation from Goethe ;
Apology for Tales of Terror) (1799); “The
Eve of St. John: A Border Ballad) (1800);
(Ballads) (1801); Minstrelsy of the Scottish
Border) (1802-3); Lay of the Last Minstrel)
(1805); Ballads and Lyrical Pieces) (1806),
reprints of various poems; (Marmion) (1808);
"Life of Dryden) (no date); (The Lady of
the Lake) (1810); “Vision of Don Roderick)
(1811); (Rokeby) (1813); “The Bridal of Trier.
main) (1813); Abstract of Eyrbiggia Saga)
(1814); (Waverley) (1814); "Life of Swift)
(1814), prefixed to Works; (The Lord of the
Isles) (1815); (Guy Mannering) (1815); (The
Field of Waterloo (1815); Paul's Letters to
his Kinsfolk) (1815); “The Antiquary) (1816);
(Tales of my Landlord, Collected and Arranged
by Jedediah Cleishbotham : Black Dwarf,
Old Mortality) (1817, really 1816); (Harold the
Dauntless) (1817); (The Search after Happi-
(1817); (Rob Roy) (1818); (Tales of
my Landlord, 2d series : Heart of Midlothian)
( 1818 ); (Tales of my Landlord, 3d series :
The Bride of Lammermoor, A Legend of
Montrose) (1819); “Description of the Regalia
of Scotland) (1819); (Ivanhoe) (1820); (The
Monastery) (1820); (The Abbot) (1820); (Ken-
ilworth) (1821); Account of George III. 's
Coronation (1821); (The Pirate) (1822); "Hal-
idon Hill (1822); (The Fortunes of Nigel
(1822); (Peveril of the Peak) (1822); "Quentin
Durward) (1823); (St. Ronan's Well (1824);
(Redgauntlet) (1824); (Tales of the Crusa-
ders: The Betrothed, The Talisman (1825);
“Thoughts on the Proposed Change of Cur-
rency) (1826); (Woodstock) (1826); Life of
Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor of the French,
with a Preliminary View of the French Rev-
olution) (1827); (Chronicles of the Canon-
gate : The Two Drovers, The Highland Widow,
The Surgeon's Daughter' (1827); (Tales of
a Grandfather) (1st series, 1828; 2d series,
1829; 3d series, Scotland, 1830; 4th series,
France, 1830); Chronicles of the Canongate,
2d series: St. Valentine's Day; or, The Fair
Maid of Perth) (1828); My Aunt Margaret's
Mirror, (The Tapestried Chamber,' and (The
Laird's Jock,' in the Keepsake (1828); (Reli-
gious Discourses, by a Layman) (1828); (Anne
of Geierstein) (1829); History of Scotland”
(1830); Demonology and Witchcraft) (1830);
(House of Aspen,' in the Keepsake (1830);
Doom of Devorgoil : Auchindrane, or the Ayr-
shire Tragedy) (1830); Essays on Ballad
Poetry) (1830); (Tales of my Landlord, 4th
series : Count Robert of Paris, Castle Danger-
ous) (1832); and many articles for the Edin-
burgh and Quarterly reviews, historical essays,
etc. *
Scott, William Bell. A Scottish poet; born
near Edinburgh, Sept. 12, 1811; died Nov. 22,
1890. He was a distinguished painter and ar-
chæologist. He published: Hades, and Other
Poems) (1839); (The Year of the World: A
Philosophical Poem (1846); a Memoir of his
brother David (1850); antiquarian (Gleanings
in the North of England (1849-51); (Chorea
Sancti Viti? (1851); Poems) (1854); another
volume of Poems) (1875).
Scotus Erigena, Joannes (skö'tus e-rij'en-ä).
A renowned mediæval philosopher of the 9th
century. He was an Irishman, as indicated by
the surnames Scotus (which in that age meant
Irish) and Erigena (of Irish extraction). His
life seems
to have been passed mostly in
France. He was a Platonist rather than an
Aristotelian, His greatest work is (Of the
Division of Nature, in which he holds for
the identity of philosophy and religion, and
repels the claim of authority in matters of re-
ligious belief.
Scribe, Augustin Eugène (skrēb). A French
dramatist; born in Paris, Dec. 24, 1791 ; died Feb.
20, 1861. For nearly forty years he was the
most conspicuous playwright living. His works
:
## p. 488 (#504) ############################################
488
SCUDDER-SEELY
are seldom placed upon the stage now. His
collected ((Euvres) (70 vols. , issued 1874-85)
contain all his works, which include novels as
well as plays. *
Scudder, Horace Elisha. An American man
of letters and historian; born in Boston, 1838.
Since 1890 he has been editor of the Atlan-
tic Monthly. He has published: (Seven Little
People and their Friends); Dream Children);
(Stories from my Attic); ( The Dwellers in
Five Sisters' Court); (Stories and Romances);
Boston Town); Life of Noah Webster); (A
Short History of the United States); A His-
tory of the United States); The Book of Fa.
bles); (The Book of Folk Stories); Fables
and Folk Stories); (George Washington : An
Historical Biography); Men and Letters);
(Childhood in Literature and Art); (The Bod-
ley Books'; etc.
Scudéry, Georges de (skü-der-e'). A French
poet, brother of Madeleine; born at Havre,
1001; died at Paris, May 14, 1667. He wrote
many dramas, all now forgotten with the pos-
sible exception of 'Tyrannic Love. His epic
of Alaric (1654) was severely scored by Boi.
leau for its bombastic style.
Scudéry, Madeleine. A French novelist;
born at Havre, 1607; died at Paris, June 2, 1701.
Her stories were greatly admired in their day;
but they are now found monotonous and bom-
bastic. This new Sappho's most celebrated
work is (Artamenes; or, The Great Cyrus
(10 vols. , 1649-58), in which the author's con-
temporaries figure under ancient names. She
also wrote (Ibrahim) and (Clélie, romances.
Besides novels she wrote Conversations);
(Fabies); Light Verses. '
Sealsfield, Charles, alias of Karl Anton
Postl. An Austrian novelist and miscellaneous
writer; born at Poppitz in Moravia, March 3,
1793; died near Soleure, May 26, 1864. He
lived in the United States under the name of
Charles Sealsfield, 1822-26, and again 1827-30.
He wrote: (Sketches of Transatlantic Travel
(1834); (Life Pictures from Both Hemispheres!
(1835). Among his novels are: (Tokeah; or,
The White Rose) (1828); “Virey and the Aris-
tocrats) (1834); (German-American Elective
Affinities) (1839).
Seawell, Molly Elliot. An American jour-
nalist and novelist; born in Virginia, 18—.
She has published : (The Sprightly Romance
of Marsac); Hale Weston); (Twelve Naval
Captains) (1897); and others.
Secundus, Johannes (sā-kön'dös). A Dutch
poet; born at The Hague, November 1511; died
at Utrecht, probably 1536. His best-known
work is (Kisses) (1539), consisting of amatory
poems. His “Poetical Works) were published
by his brother in 1541.
Secundus, Publius Pomponius. A Roman
poet, who lived in the first century of our era.
Tacitus speaks of his tragedies in the highest
terms, as does also Quintilian. The elder Pliny
wrote his "Life) in two books. Only frag-
ments of Secundus's works remain.
Sedaine, Michel Jean (sed-ān'). A French
playwright; born at Paris, July 4, 1719; died
there, May 17, 1797. He is regarded as the
originator of comic opera. Among his works
are the comic operas: Playing the Deuce);
(The King and the Farmer); Richard Cæur
de Lion'; Aline, Queen of Golconda. His
comedies (The Philosopher without Knowing
It) (1765) and (The Unexpected Wager' (1768)
won for him membership of the Academy;
they have still a place in the repertoire of
French theatres.
Sedgwick, Catherine Maria. An Ameri-
can novelist ; born at Stockbridge, Mass. , Dec.
28, 1789; died near Roxbury, Mass. , July 31,
1867. She wrote: A New England Tale)
(1822); Redwood) (1824); (The Traveler
(1825); Hope Leslie; or, Early Times in Mas-
sachusetts) (1827); (The Linwoods; or, Sixty
Years Since in America) (1835); (The Poor
Rich Man and the Rich Poor Man' (1830);
(Letters from Abroad' (1841); Historical
Sketches of the Old Painters) (1841); (Morals
of Manners) (1846); Married or Single' (1857).
Sedley, Charles, Sir. An English dramatist;
born at Aylesford in Kent, 1639; died Aug.
20, 1701.
He is author of the favorite song
Phyllis. He wrote four comedies, among
them «The Mulberry Garden (1608) and two
tragedies.
Sedley, Henry. An American author; born
in Boston, April 4, 1835. He was a journalist,
at one time one of the editors of the New
York Evening Post, Times, and Commercial
Advertiser; founder and for a time editor of
the Round Table, which was later changed
to the Nation. He published : Dangerfield's
Rest: Romance (1804), and Marion Rooke;
or, the Quest for Fortune) (1865).
Seeley, John Robert, Sir. An English his-
torical scholar; born in London, 1834; died at
Cambridge (where he was professor of Modern
History), 1895. He first came into notice
through the striking book (Ecce Homol (a
life of Christ), in 1865, which made a great
sensation and was reviewed by Mr. Gladstone;
he published Natural Religion) in 1882; and
in "Lectures and Essays) (1870) he wrote on
art, ethics, and education. But his really im.
portant work was historical : (Roman Imperi-
alism, in the last-mentioned volume; his mas-
terpiece, Life and Times of Stein) (3 vols. ,
1878), a history of the regeneration of Prussia
in the Napoleonic period; (The Expansion of
England (1883: a series of lectures), and
cognate works; and (A Short History of Na-
poleon the First) (1886: reprinted from the
(Encyclopædia Britannica').
Seely, (Edward] Howard. An American
writer of fiction ; born in 1856; died in 1894.
He published many volumes, among them : A
Lone Star, Bo-Peep, and Other Stories); 'Texan
Ranch Life); A Nymph of the West); (The
## p. 489 (#505) ############################################
SEELYE-SERRES
489
Jonah of Lucky Valley, and Other Stories);
(A Border Leander. )
Seelye, Mrs. Elizabeth (Eggleston). An
American author, daughter of Edward Eggles.
ton; born in Minnesota, 1858. She has written:
(The Story of Columbus); Montezuma';
Brant and Red Jacket); "Pocahontas ); (Te.
cumseh); and (The Story of Washington.
Seelye, Julius Hawtry. An American edu-
cator; born in Bethel, Conn. , Sept. 14, 1824;
died in 1895. He was president of Amherst
College (1876-90), and inaugurated the “Am-
herst system of self-government, which was
productive of good results. His publications
include : (The Way, the Truth, and the Life)
(1873), translated into Hindustani, Japanese, and
German ; (Christian Missions) (1875); and his
revised edition of Hickok's Moral Science)
(1880).
Seemann, Berthold. A German traveler, nat-
uralist, and author; born in Hanover, Feb. 28,
1825; died in Nicaragua, Oct. 10, 1871. He was
naturalist to three exploring expeditions (1846-
51), and wrote: “Voyage of the Herald, and
(Three Cruises to Arctic Regions in Search of
Sir John Franklin (1852); Popular History of
Palms) (1855); Account of Mission to Fiji
Islands) (1862); Popular Nomenclature of the
American Flora'; and “Dottings on the Road-
side in Panama, Nicaragua, and Mosquito.
Seemuller, Mrs. Annie Moncure (Crane).
An American novelist; born in Maryland, 1838 ;
died in 1872. Her works were at one time very
popular, and include the novels (Emily Ches-
ter'; “Reginald Archer); Opportunity. '
Ségur, Louis Philippe, Comte de (sā-gür').
A French historian; born in Paris, Dec. 10,
1753; died there, Aug. 27, 1830. He received
a military education ; served in America under
Rochambeau; later he was appointed ambas-
sador to Russia. During the Reign of Terror
he left public life and devoted himself to liter-
ary labor. Among his works are: Théâtre de
l'Hermitage) (1798); "Tales, Fables, Songs,
and Verses) (1801); Memoirs, or Souvenirs
and Anecdotes) (1825).
Ségur, Philippe Paul, Comte de. A French
writer of history, son of L. P. ; born at Paris,
Nov. 4, 1780; died Feb. 25, 1873. He wrote:
History of Napoleon and the Grand Army
in 1812) (2 vols. , 1824); History of Russia
and Peter the Great! (2 vols. , 1829); (History
and Memoirs, 1789-1848) (8 vols. , 1873).
Sejour, Victor (sė-zhör'). A French dram-
atist; born at Paris, 1816; died Sept. 21, 1874.
He was a mulatto. His plays are in the high
romantic vein, and call for gorgeous scenery ;
among them are : « The Fall of Sejanus) (1849);
(Richard III. (1852); (The Devil's Money);
(The Son of Night) (1856); Mysteries of the
Temple); (The Madonna of the Roses) (1869).
Selden, John. A celebrated English jurist ;
born at Salvington in Surrey, 1584; died at
London, Nov. 30, 1654. He wrote many very
learned treatises on law-municipal, interna-
tional, natural, etc. — and on the legislation of
the ancient Hebrews; but he is best remem-
bered for his (Table Talk,' recorded by his
secretary, Richard Milward : of it Coleridge de-
clares that it contains « more weighty bullion
sense )) than he could find in the same number
of pages of any uninspired writer. *
Selous, Frederick Courtenay. A well-known
English explorer and sportsman; born in the
island of Jersey, in 1852. He made a name
as a gold-prospector, explorer, and elephant.
hunter in South Africa, where he has spent
many years; and during the Matabele cam-
paign, fought with great gallantry on the side
of the colonists. His publications, (A Hunt-
er's Wanderings in Africa) (1881), and (Travel
and Adventure in Southeast Africa) (1893),
have been widely read.
Sénancour, Étienne Pivert de (sen-än-kör').
A French writer of the school of Rousseau ;
born at Paris, 1770; died at St. Cloud, 1846.
Under the direct influence of Rousseau he
wrote: (Reveries on the Primitive State of
Man) (1799); his most notable work, (Ober-
mann) (2 vols. , 1804), is in the same vein; then
followed "Love according to Primordial Laws,
and according to the Conventions of Society)
(2 vols. , 1805); (Free Meditations of an Un-
known Solitary on Detachment from the World)
(1819); (Sum of the Traditions of Morality and
Religion (2 vols. , 1827), which brought on
him legal prosecution for impiety; Isabella,
a novel (1833). *
Seneca, Lucius Annæus (sen'e-ka). A
celebrated Roman philosopher; born at Cor-
duba, in Spain, about the year 4 B. C. ; died
65 A. D. He was Nero's preceptor, and his
confidant and adviser in the beginning of his
reign. Many of his writings have come down
to us, among them 124 (Epistles to Lucilius,
containing admirable counsels and exhorta-
tions to the practice of virtue : "On Providence);
(Anger); “Of Benefits); Natural-History Ques-
tions); several tragedies, among them (Thyes-
tes, Phædra,' and (Medea. *
Senior, William. An English miscellaneous
writer; author of "Notable Shipwrecks) (1873);
(Waterside Sketches: A Book for Wanderers
and Anglers) (1875); (By Stream and Sea)
(1877); (Travel and Trout in the Antipodes)
(1879).
Serao, Matilde (ser-ä'o). An Italian novel.
ist; born at Patras in Greece, March 7, 1856.
Her best stories are those descriptive of Nea-
politan life: as "Faint Heart) (1881); (Fantasy)
(1883); “ Neapolitan Legends) (1886); (Opal);
Little Minds); etc.
Serres, Olivia Wilmot. An English story.
writer; born 1772; died 1834. She claimed to
be a daughter of the Duke of Cumberland,
brother of George III. , but failed to make the
claim good before a Parliamentary committee.
She wrote: (St. Julian,' a novel (1805); (Flights
of Fancy,' poems (1806); “Olivia's Advice to her
:
*
## p. 490 (#506) ############################################
490
SERVETUS-SEWRIN
>
Daughters); (The True Messiah; or, St. Ath-
anasius's Creed Explained (1814).
Servetus, Michael (Miguel Serveto y
Reves) (ser-vē'tūs). A Spanish physician and
theological writer; born at Tudela in Navarre,
1511; died at the stake in Geneva, Oct. 27,
1553. He accompanied Charles V. to Ger-
many, as physician to the emperor's confessor
Quintana. His work (On the Errors about
the Trinity) was published at Hagenau, 1531,
and it was soon afterward ordered to be burnt
by the authorities at Basel : the reformer Bucer
denounced the writer as deserving of the ex-
tremest punishment. Servetus defended his
views in another work, Dialogues on the Trin-
ity) (1532), and then went to France. At
Lyons he published (The Restoration of Christ-
ianism) (1553), and to escape punishment fied
to Geneva. There, at the instance of Calvin,
he was arrested on the charge of denying God
and Christ, and burned as a heretic.
Settle, Elkanah. An English playwright
and poet; born at Dunstable, 1648; died at
London, 1723. His chief plays are: (The Em-
press of Morocco) (1673); Love and Revenge
(1675); Pastor Fido, or the Faithful Shepherd)
(1677), after Guarini; (The Female Prelate;
or, The Life and Death of Pope Joan' (1680);
(Distressed Innocence; or, The Princess of
Persia' (1682).
Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Mar-
quise de (sāv-en-yā'). A celebrated French
letter-writer; born at Paris, February 1626; died
at the Castle of Grignan, in Dauphiny, April
18, 1696. Her Letters, mainly to her daugh-
ter, are regarded as models of the familiar
epistolary style. The best edition is that in 10
vols. , 1818-19. *
Sewall, Frank. An American writer and
Swedenborgian minister ; born in Maine, 1837.
He has written many denominational and re-
ligious works; among them (Moody Mike; or,
The Power of Love); (The Hem of his Gar-
ment); (The Pillow of Stones); (The New
Ethics ); (The New Metaphysics); Angelo
and Ariel. He has been remarkably success-
ful in the translation of Italian and French
poetry, and has published a translation of the
poems of Carducci, and works on him, notably
(Giosue Carducci and the Hellenic Reaction
in Italy); (Carducci and the Classic Realism)
(1892). His translation of Carducci's sonnet
(The Ox) has been noticed throughout Europe.
Sewall, Harriet (Winslow). An American
verse-writer ; born at Portland, Me. , June 30,
1819; died at Wellesley, Mass. , February 1889.
She wrote the poem (Why Thus Longing ? )
Her other poetical compositions were pub.
lished in a volume of Poems, with a Memoir)
(1889).
Sewall, Jonathan Mitchell. An American
poet; born at Salem, Mass. , 1748; died at
Portsmouth, N. H. , March 29, 1808. During
the Revolutionary war he wrote a ball (War
and Washington, which was very popular; in
his epilogue (1780) to Addison's Cato' occur
the lines “No pent-up Ctica contracts your
powers”; his Miscellaneous Poems) were col-
lected and published in 1801.
Sewall, Samuel. An American jurist ; bom
in Bishopstoke, England, March 28, 1652; died
in Boston, Jan. I, 1730. He came to America
very young, graduated at Harvard in 1675, and
became a member of the council; and as judge
of the probate court (1692) took a prominent
part in the trials during the Salem Witchcraft
excitement. He is chiefly remarkable in literary
annals for his Diary) and Letters,' which
have been published by the Massachusetts His-
torical Society (1878-82). He wrote a tract on
the rights of slaves, (The Selling of Joseph
(1711); and published: (The Accomplishment
of Prophecies) (1713); (A Memorial Relating
to the Kennebec Indians) (1721); and (A De-
scription of the New Heaven (1727).
Sewall, Stephen. An American Hebrew
scholar; born in York, Me. , April 4, 1734; died
in Boston, July 23, 1804. He became librarian
and instructor at Harvard College (1762), and
professor of Hebrew (1764-85). He published
a Hebrew Grammar) (1763); A Funeral Ora-
tion in Latin on Edward Holyoke (1700);
(The Scripture Account of the Shechinah
(1794); and left a manuscript (Chaldee and
English Dictionary, now preserved in Harvard
College Library.
Seward, Anna. A English poet; born at
Eyam, Derbyshire, 1747 ; died at Lichfield,
March 23, 1809. Her celebrity as a poet was
obtained chiefly from her elegies upon her
friend Major André (1781), and upon Captain
Cook. She published: Louisa,' a poetical
novel (1782), and “Sonnets) (1789). Sir Walter
Scott published her (Poetical Works and Cor-
respondence) (3 vols. , 1810). She was called
( The Swan of Lichfield. ”
Seward, William Henry. An American
statesman; born in Florida, N. Y. , May 16,
1801; died in Auburn, N. Y. , 1872. In 1838 he
was elected the first Whig governor of New
York; in 1849 United States Senator, re-elected
1855. He was Secretary of State (1861-09) dur.
ing the Civil War and through Johnson's term.
He published many of his speeches and ad.
dresses; a volume on the Life and Services
of John Quincy Adams) (1849); and, with his
adopted daughter Olive Risley Seward, (Trav.
els Around the World" (1873). His Works,
edited by Geo. E. Baker, appeared in 3 vols. ,
1853; 5 vols. , 1884.
Sewrin, Charles A. (sācē-ran'). A French
dramatist and story-writer; born at Metz, 1771 ;
died at Paris, 1853. He wrote among oth-
:- Comic operas: (The Village School);
(The Opera in a Village); (Of Old and Now
a-days ); ( The Blacksmith of Bassora"; "The
Young Mother-in-Law' Comedies: (My l'n-
cle Antony); The Country Cits); (Gulliver);
(The Swiss Milkmaid. Novels : " The Story
of a Dog) (1801); 'Story of a Cat) (1802); A
ers:
ܪ
## p. 491 (#507) ############################################
SEXTUS-SHALER
491
(
Family of Liars) (1802); (The Friends of Henri
IV. (1805).
Sextus Empiricus. A Greek philosopher,
who flourished near the end of the second cen-
tury; a physician of the empirical school,
whence his surname. In his (Outlines of Pyr-
rhonism) he revived the skepticism of Pyrrho;
and he wrote a work on skepticism, under the
title (Adversus Mathematicos. '
Seymour, Mary Harrison. An American
juvenile-story writer; born in Oxford, Conn. ,
Sept. 7, 1835. She has published: Mollie's
Christmas Stocking) (1865); (Sunshine and
Starlight) (1868); (Posy Vinton's Picnic' (1869);
Ned, Nellie, and Amy) (1870); (Recompense
(1877); “Every Day) (1877); and (Through the
Darkness) (1884).
Shadwell, Thomas. An English dramatist ;
born at Stanton Hall, Norfolk, about 1640; died
Nov. 20, 1692. His comedy (The Sullen Lov-
ers, produced in 1668, brought him reputation.
Among many other plays, he was the author
of “The Virtuoso) (1676); (Lancashire Witches)
(1682); (The Squire of Alsatia) (1688); and
«Volunteers; or, The Stock-Jobbers) (1693).
He became poet-laureate and historiographer
royal in 1688, succeeding Dryden in both posi-
tions. (Works,' 4 vols. , 1720. )
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, irst
Earl of. An English statesman; born in Wim-
borne, St. Giles, Dorsetshire, July 22, 1621 ; died
in Amsterdam, Jan. 22, 1683. He was a con-
spicuous figure in the history of his times; was
the Achitophel of Dryden's satire. Macaulay
gives a brilliant sketch of him in the essay on
Sir William Temple. Ashley and Cooper riv-
ers, in South Carolina, received their names
from him. His Characteristics of Men, Man-
ners, Opinions, and Times) is a collection of
his various writings.
shairp, John Campbell. [“ Principal
Shairp. ”] A Scotch poet, critic, and essayist;
born at Houstoun, in West Lothian, July 30,
1819; died at Ormsary, in Argyll, Sept. 18, 1885.
He became principal of the United College,
St. Andrews. Among his works are : Kila
mahoe, a Highland Pastoral, and Other Poems)
(1864); Studies in Poetry and Philosophy
(1868); Culture and Religion (1870); “Poetic
Interpretation of Nature (1877); Aspects of
Poetry) (1881); and, published posthumously,
(Sketches in History and Poetry (1887); Glen
Desseray and Other Poems) (1888).
Shakespeare, William. The poet was born
at Stratford-on-Avon, April 22 or 23, 1564;
died there, April 23, 1616. His plays, in the
order of their production, are given as follows:
(Love's Labour's Lost' (written 1591 (? ); revised
1597 ; published 1598); (Two Gentlemen of
Verona) (written 1591 (? ); published posthu-
mously 1623); (Comedy of Errors) (written
159-; published posthumously 1623); Romeo
and Juliet) (written 159-; pirated 1597; pub-
lished with author's sanction 599); Henry
VI. (Part i. written and acted 1592, Parts ii.
and iii. following quickly; Part ii. published
1594; Part iii. published 1595); King Richard
III. (written 1593 (? ); published 1597); “Titus
Andronicus) (written in collaboration 1593 or
1594 ; acted 1594 (? ); published 1600 ? ); (A
Merchant of Venice' (written and acted 1594 (? );
published 1600); King John? (written 1594 ;
acted 159–);“A Midsummer Night's Dream,' writ-
ten and acted 1594-95; published 1600; (King
Richard II. (produced 1595); (All's Well that
Ends Well' (written 1595 (? ); acted 159-); (The
Taming of the Shrew) (written 1596 (? ); acted
159-; published posthumously 1623); Henry
IV. (written or adapted 1597 ; published, Part i.
1598, Part ii. 1690; revised and republished
1600); «The Merry Wives of Windsor) (written
159-; acted 159-; published 1602); (Henry V. '
(written 1598; acted 1599; published, text im-
perfect, 1600); Much Ado about Nothing)
(written 1599 (? ); acted 1599; published 1600);
(As You Like It) (produced 1599); (Twelfth
Night' (written 1599; acted 1001 or 1602); "Julius
Cæsar) (written 1601; acted 1601 ); (Hamlet)
(written 1602; acted 1602 (? ); published by an-
other surreptitiously 1602 or 1603; authorized ed.
1604); (Troilus and Cressida' (written 1603 (? );
acted 1603 ; published 1608 or 1609); Othello)
(written 1604 (? ); acted 1004; published posthu-
mously 1622); (Measure for Measure) (written
1004 (? ); acted 1604; published posthumously);
(Macbeth' (written 1605-6; acted 1606 (? ); re-
vived 1611; published posthumously 1623);
(King Lear) (written 1606; acted 1606; pub-
lished 1608); (Timon of Athens) (written in col-
laboration 1607; acted 160-); (Pericles) (written
in collaboration 1607; published 1008 or 1009);
(Antony and Cleopatra) (written 1607-8; pub-
lished posthumously 1623); (Coriolanus) (writ-
ten 1608 (? ); published posthumously 1623);
Cymbeline) (written 164; acted 1610); A Win-
ter's Tale) (written 16%; acted 1611); (The
Tempest' (written before the winter of 1612-13);
(The Two Noble Kinsmen) (written in col-
laboration (? ); published posthumously 1634);
(Henry VIII. (portions by Shakespeare writ-
ten 1613 (? ); acted 1613; published posthu-
mously 1623). His poems are: (Venus and
Adonis) (1593); “The Rape of Lucrece) (1594);
(Sonnets) (written 1591-94; published 1609);
(A Lover's Complaint (written 1594-98 (? );
published 1609); (The Passionate Pilgrim
(Ist ed. (? ) 1594). The first collected edition of
the plays, under the title (Mr. William Shakes-
peare's comedies, histories, and tragedies. Pub-
lished according to the true original copies,'
appeared in 1623, and is referred to as the
folio of 1623. ” One existing copy has two
canceled leaves from (As You Like It. ) *
Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate. An Ameri-
can geologist; born near Newport, Ky. , Feb.
22, 1841. He is professor of geology at Harvard,
and a versatile and interesting writer in many
important fields. Among his works are the
(Kentucky Geological Reports and Memoirs)
(7 vols. , 1876-82); “On the Nature of Intellectual
Property and its Importance to the State' (1878);
(Aspects of the Earth) (1889); (The Story of
(
## p. 492 (#508) ############################################
492
SHANKS-SHELLEY
)
our Continent) (1892); (Nature and Man in
North America) (1892); (The Interpretation of
Nature) (1893); “Sea and Land (1894); (The
United States of America) (2 vols. , 1894); and
reports of United States Geological Survey on
Marine Marshes, Fresh-Water Swamps, Soils,
Harbors, etc.
Shanks, William Franklin-Gore. An Amer-
ican journalist and author; born in Shelbyville,
Ky. , April 20, 1837. He was war correspondent
for the New York Herald (1861-65), subsequently
joined the New York Tribune, and was impris-
oned for refusing to divulge the name of a
writer of an article in the paper. Besides his
contributions to periodicals he has published :
(Recollections of Distinguished Generals)
(1865); Bench and Bar) (1868); and a play,
(A Noble Treason (1876).
Sharp, William. A British critic and man
of letters ; born 1856. He has traveled exten-
sively, and contributed to leading publications
throughout the world. His works include (Hu-
manity and Man,' a poem ; (The Conqueror's
Dream, and Other Poems); (Dante Gabriel
Rossetti, a biography; (Shakespeare's Songs,
Poems, and Sonnets); (Sonnets of this Cen-
tury); (Shelley,' a biography; (Romantic Bal-
lads); etc.
Shaw, Albert. An American editor and writer
on municipal government; born in New Lon-
don, O. , July 23, 1857. Since 1891 he has been
the editor of the Review of Reviews in Amer-
ica.
land (1867). His History of Greek Philoso-
phy) was published in 1859.
Schweinfurth, Georg August (shvin'fört).
A Russian explorer; born at Riga, Dec. 29,
1836. He studied at Heidelberg, Munich, and
Berlin. He investigated the fora and fauna
of the valley of the Nile (1864-66), and is the
author of Nile Vegetation (1862); (Contri-
bution to the Flora of Ethiopia) (1867); (Re-
liquiæ Kotschyaræ) (1868); (In the Heart of
Africa) (2 vols. , 1874).
Scollard, Clinton. An American poet; born
in Clinton, N. Y. , Sept. 18, 1861. In 1888 he
was made assistant professor of rhetoric at
Hamilton College, and later professor of Eng-
lish literature. Among his publications are :
(Pictures in Song) (1884); (With Reed and
Lyre) (1886); (Old and New World Lyrics)
(1888); (Giovio and Gilulia' (1891); (Songs of
Sunrise Lands) (1892); and an edition of Ford's
Broken Heart) (1895).
Scott, Alexander. A Scotch poet; born
about 1525; died about 1584; "the Anacreon
of old Scotch poetry. ” Of his writings thirty-
six short poems remain; the most important of
these are (A New Yeir Gift to Quene Mary)
and (The Justing at the Drum.
Scott, Andrew. A Scottish poet; born in
Bowden, Roxburghshire, 1757; died there, May
22, 1839. He served in the British army in
this country during the Revolution, and was
with Cornwallis at the surrender of Yorktown.
While he was encamped on Staten Island he
wrote his noted verses (Betsey Roscoe) and
(The Oak-Tree. After the war he returned
to his native land, and published Poems,
Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect) (1811), and
(Poems on Various Subjects) ( 1826).
.
(
## p. 487 (#503) ############################################
SCOTT-SCRIBE
487
ness
)
Scott, Clement William. An English dram-
atist and critic; born at London, 1841. He
wrote: (Lays of a Londoner) (1882); (Lays
and Legends) (1888); the dramas (The Cape
Mail, (Odette,' and “Sister Mary?
Scott, Duncan Campbell. A Canadian poet;
born at Ottawa, Ont. , 1862. He is author of
(The Magic House) (1893).
Scott, Frederick George. A Canadian verse-
writer; born 1861. He wrote: (The Soul's
Quest) (1888); (My Lattice, and Other Poems)
(1894).
Scott, Lydia, Lady. An English miscella-
neous writer. Besides stories, as (Flirtation,
Marriage in High Life,' and 'The Henpecked
Husband' (1848), she wrote: Exposition of
the Types and Antitypes of the Old and New
Testament) (1856); (Incentives to Bible Study)
(1860); “The Dream of a Life) (1862).
Scott, Michael. A Scottish philosopher of
the 13th century. Of his life little is known.
His nationality even is in doubt: the Italians
and the Spaniards claimed him as their coun-
tryman as well as the Scots. His great learn-
ing won for him the reputation of being a
magician. His acquaintance with Arabic en-
abled him to translate into Latin the works of
Avicenna and Averroes, and the Arabic ver-
sions of Aristotle with the commentaries of
Averroes. His own writings treat of astrology,
alchemy, and the occult sciences in general;
among them are treatises (On the Sun and
Moon, (On Palmistry, (On Physiognomy and
Human Procreation.
Scott, Patrick. A British poet, author of
(Oriental Musings, and Other Poems) (1840);
Love in the Moon, a poem (1852); (Thomas
à Becket, and Other Poems) (1853); (Foot-
paths between Two Worlds, and Other Poems
(1859).
Scott, Sir Walter. The celebrated Scotch
novelist and poet; born in Edinburgh, Aug.
15, 1771; died at Abbotsford, Sept. 21, 1832.
He wrote : Disputatio Juridica) (1792), a legal
thesis; (The Chase) (1796), comprising trans-
lations from the German; (Goetz of Berlich-
ingen' (1799), a translation from Goethe ;
Apology for Tales of Terror) (1799); “The
Eve of St. John: A Border Ballad) (1800);
(Ballads) (1801); Minstrelsy of the Scottish
Border) (1802-3); Lay of the Last Minstrel)
(1805); Ballads and Lyrical Pieces) (1806),
reprints of various poems; (Marmion) (1808);
"Life of Dryden) (no date); (The Lady of
the Lake) (1810); “Vision of Don Roderick)
(1811); (Rokeby) (1813); “The Bridal of Trier.
main) (1813); Abstract of Eyrbiggia Saga)
(1814); (Waverley) (1814); "Life of Swift)
(1814), prefixed to Works; (The Lord of the
Isles) (1815); (Guy Mannering) (1815); (The
Field of Waterloo (1815); Paul's Letters to
his Kinsfolk) (1815); “The Antiquary) (1816);
(Tales of my Landlord, Collected and Arranged
by Jedediah Cleishbotham : Black Dwarf,
Old Mortality) (1817, really 1816); (Harold the
Dauntless) (1817); (The Search after Happi-
(1817); (Rob Roy) (1818); (Tales of
my Landlord, 2d series : Heart of Midlothian)
( 1818 ); (Tales of my Landlord, 3d series :
The Bride of Lammermoor, A Legend of
Montrose) (1819); “Description of the Regalia
of Scotland) (1819); (Ivanhoe) (1820); (The
Monastery) (1820); (The Abbot) (1820); (Ken-
ilworth) (1821); Account of George III. 's
Coronation (1821); (The Pirate) (1822); "Hal-
idon Hill (1822); (The Fortunes of Nigel
(1822); (Peveril of the Peak) (1822); "Quentin
Durward) (1823); (St. Ronan's Well (1824);
(Redgauntlet) (1824); (Tales of the Crusa-
ders: The Betrothed, The Talisman (1825);
“Thoughts on the Proposed Change of Cur-
rency) (1826); (Woodstock) (1826); Life of
Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor of the French,
with a Preliminary View of the French Rev-
olution) (1827); (Chronicles of the Canon-
gate : The Two Drovers, The Highland Widow,
The Surgeon's Daughter' (1827); (Tales of
a Grandfather) (1st series, 1828; 2d series,
1829; 3d series, Scotland, 1830; 4th series,
France, 1830); Chronicles of the Canongate,
2d series: St. Valentine's Day; or, The Fair
Maid of Perth) (1828); My Aunt Margaret's
Mirror, (The Tapestried Chamber,' and (The
Laird's Jock,' in the Keepsake (1828); (Reli-
gious Discourses, by a Layman) (1828); (Anne
of Geierstein) (1829); History of Scotland”
(1830); Demonology and Witchcraft) (1830);
(House of Aspen,' in the Keepsake (1830);
Doom of Devorgoil : Auchindrane, or the Ayr-
shire Tragedy) (1830); Essays on Ballad
Poetry) (1830); (Tales of my Landlord, 4th
series : Count Robert of Paris, Castle Danger-
ous) (1832); and many articles for the Edin-
burgh and Quarterly reviews, historical essays,
etc. *
Scott, William Bell. A Scottish poet; born
near Edinburgh, Sept. 12, 1811; died Nov. 22,
1890. He was a distinguished painter and ar-
chæologist. He published: Hades, and Other
Poems) (1839); (The Year of the World: A
Philosophical Poem (1846); a Memoir of his
brother David (1850); antiquarian (Gleanings
in the North of England (1849-51); (Chorea
Sancti Viti? (1851); Poems) (1854); another
volume of Poems) (1875).
Scotus Erigena, Joannes (skö'tus e-rij'en-ä).
A renowned mediæval philosopher of the 9th
century. He was an Irishman, as indicated by
the surnames Scotus (which in that age meant
Irish) and Erigena (of Irish extraction). His
life seems
to have been passed mostly in
France. He was a Platonist rather than an
Aristotelian, His greatest work is (Of the
Division of Nature, in which he holds for
the identity of philosophy and religion, and
repels the claim of authority in matters of re-
ligious belief.
Scribe, Augustin Eugène (skrēb). A French
dramatist; born in Paris, Dec. 24, 1791 ; died Feb.
20, 1861. For nearly forty years he was the
most conspicuous playwright living. His works
:
## p. 488 (#504) ############################################
488
SCUDDER-SEELY
are seldom placed upon the stage now. His
collected ((Euvres) (70 vols. , issued 1874-85)
contain all his works, which include novels as
well as plays. *
Scudder, Horace Elisha. An American man
of letters and historian; born in Boston, 1838.
Since 1890 he has been editor of the Atlan-
tic Monthly. He has published: (Seven Little
People and their Friends); Dream Children);
(Stories from my Attic); ( The Dwellers in
Five Sisters' Court); (Stories and Romances);
Boston Town); Life of Noah Webster); (A
Short History of the United States); A His-
tory of the United States); The Book of Fa.
bles); (The Book of Folk Stories); Fables
and Folk Stories); (George Washington : An
Historical Biography); Men and Letters);
(Childhood in Literature and Art); (The Bod-
ley Books'; etc.
Scudéry, Georges de (skü-der-e'). A French
poet, brother of Madeleine; born at Havre,
1001; died at Paris, May 14, 1667. He wrote
many dramas, all now forgotten with the pos-
sible exception of 'Tyrannic Love. His epic
of Alaric (1654) was severely scored by Boi.
leau for its bombastic style.
Scudéry, Madeleine. A French novelist;
born at Havre, 1607; died at Paris, June 2, 1701.
Her stories were greatly admired in their day;
but they are now found monotonous and bom-
bastic. This new Sappho's most celebrated
work is (Artamenes; or, The Great Cyrus
(10 vols. , 1649-58), in which the author's con-
temporaries figure under ancient names. She
also wrote (Ibrahim) and (Clélie, romances.
Besides novels she wrote Conversations);
(Fabies); Light Verses. '
Sealsfield, Charles, alias of Karl Anton
Postl. An Austrian novelist and miscellaneous
writer; born at Poppitz in Moravia, March 3,
1793; died near Soleure, May 26, 1864. He
lived in the United States under the name of
Charles Sealsfield, 1822-26, and again 1827-30.
He wrote: (Sketches of Transatlantic Travel
(1834); (Life Pictures from Both Hemispheres!
(1835). Among his novels are: (Tokeah; or,
The White Rose) (1828); “Virey and the Aris-
tocrats) (1834); (German-American Elective
Affinities) (1839).
Seawell, Molly Elliot. An American jour-
nalist and novelist; born in Virginia, 18—.
She has published : (The Sprightly Romance
of Marsac); Hale Weston); (Twelve Naval
Captains) (1897); and others.
Secundus, Johannes (sā-kön'dös). A Dutch
poet; born at The Hague, November 1511; died
at Utrecht, probably 1536. His best-known
work is (Kisses) (1539), consisting of amatory
poems. His “Poetical Works) were published
by his brother in 1541.
Secundus, Publius Pomponius. A Roman
poet, who lived in the first century of our era.
Tacitus speaks of his tragedies in the highest
terms, as does also Quintilian. The elder Pliny
wrote his "Life) in two books. Only frag-
ments of Secundus's works remain.
Sedaine, Michel Jean (sed-ān'). A French
playwright; born at Paris, July 4, 1719; died
there, May 17, 1797. He is regarded as the
originator of comic opera. Among his works
are the comic operas: Playing the Deuce);
(The King and the Farmer); Richard Cæur
de Lion'; Aline, Queen of Golconda. His
comedies (The Philosopher without Knowing
It) (1765) and (The Unexpected Wager' (1768)
won for him membership of the Academy;
they have still a place in the repertoire of
French theatres.
Sedgwick, Catherine Maria. An Ameri-
can novelist ; born at Stockbridge, Mass. , Dec.
28, 1789; died near Roxbury, Mass. , July 31,
1867. She wrote: A New England Tale)
(1822); Redwood) (1824); (The Traveler
(1825); Hope Leslie; or, Early Times in Mas-
sachusetts) (1827); (The Linwoods; or, Sixty
Years Since in America) (1835); (The Poor
Rich Man and the Rich Poor Man' (1830);
(Letters from Abroad' (1841); Historical
Sketches of the Old Painters) (1841); (Morals
of Manners) (1846); Married or Single' (1857).
Sedley, Charles, Sir. An English dramatist;
born at Aylesford in Kent, 1639; died Aug.
20, 1701.
He is author of the favorite song
Phyllis. He wrote four comedies, among
them «The Mulberry Garden (1608) and two
tragedies.
Sedley, Henry. An American author; born
in Boston, April 4, 1835. He was a journalist,
at one time one of the editors of the New
York Evening Post, Times, and Commercial
Advertiser; founder and for a time editor of
the Round Table, which was later changed
to the Nation. He published : Dangerfield's
Rest: Romance (1804), and Marion Rooke;
or, the Quest for Fortune) (1865).
Seeley, John Robert, Sir. An English his-
torical scholar; born in London, 1834; died at
Cambridge (where he was professor of Modern
History), 1895. He first came into notice
through the striking book (Ecce Homol (a
life of Christ), in 1865, which made a great
sensation and was reviewed by Mr. Gladstone;
he published Natural Religion) in 1882; and
in "Lectures and Essays) (1870) he wrote on
art, ethics, and education. But his really im.
portant work was historical : (Roman Imperi-
alism, in the last-mentioned volume; his mas-
terpiece, Life and Times of Stein) (3 vols. ,
1878), a history of the regeneration of Prussia
in the Napoleonic period; (The Expansion of
England (1883: a series of lectures), and
cognate works; and (A Short History of Na-
poleon the First) (1886: reprinted from the
(Encyclopædia Britannica').
Seely, (Edward] Howard. An American
writer of fiction ; born in 1856; died in 1894.
He published many volumes, among them : A
Lone Star, Bo-Peep, and Other Stories); 'Texan
Ranch Life); A Nymph of the West); (The
## p. 489 (#505) ############################################
SEELYE-SERRES
489
Jonah of Lucky Valley, and Other Stories);
(A Border Leander. )
Seelye, Mrs. Elizabeth (Eggleston). An
American author, daughter of Edward Eggles.
ton; born in Minnesota, 1858. She has written:
(The Story of Columbus); Montezuma';
Brant and Red Jacket); "Pocahontas ); (Te.
cumseh); and (The Story of Washington.
Seelye, Julius Hawtry. An American edu-
cator; born in Bethel, Conn. , Sept. 14, 1824;
died in 1895. He was president of Amherst
College (1876-90), and inaugurated the “Am-
herst system of self-government, which was
productive of good results. His publications
include : (The Way, the Truth, and the Life)
(1873), translated into Hindustani, Japanese, and
German ; (Christian Missions) (1875); and his
revised edition of Hickok's Moral Science)
(1880).
Seemann, Berthold. A German traveler, nat-
uralist, and author; born in Hanover, Feb. 28,
1825; died in Nicaragua, Oct. 10, 1871. He was
naturalist to three exploring expeditions (1846-
51), and wrote: “Voyage of the Herald, and
(Three Cruises to Arctic Regions in Search of
Sir John Franklin (1852); Popular History of
Palms) (1855); Account of Mission to Fiji
Islands) (1862); Popular Nomenclature of the
American Flora'; and “Dottings on the Road-
side in Panama, Nicaragua, and Mosquito.
Seemuller, Mrs. Annie Moncure (Crane).
An American novelist; born in Maryland, 1838 ;
died in 1872. Her works were at one time very
popular, and include the novels (Emily Ches-
ter'; “Reginald Archer); Opportunity. '
Ségur, Louis Philippe, Comte de (sā-gür').
A French historian; born in Paris, Dec. 10,
1753; died there, Aug. 27, 1830. He received
a military education ; served in America under
Rochambeau; later he was appointed ambas-
sador to Russia. During the Reign of Terror
he left public life and devoted himself to liter-
ary labor. Among his works are: Théâtre de
l'Hermitage) (1798); "Tales, Fables, Songs,
and Verses) (1801); Memoirs, or Souvenirs
and Anecdotes) (1825).
Ségur, Philippe Paul, Comte de. A French
writer of history, son of L. P. ; born at Paris,
Nov. 4, 1780; died Feb. 25, 1873. He wrote:
History of Napoleon and the Grand Army
in 1812) (2 vols. , 1824); History of Russia
and Peter the Great! (2 vols. , 1829); (History
and Memoirs, 1789-1848) (8 vols. , 1873).
Sejour, Victor (sė-zhör'). A French dram-
atist; born at Paris, 1816; died Sept. 21, 1874.
He was a mulatto. His plays are in the high
romantic vein, and call for gorgeous scenery ;
among them are : « The Fall of Sejanus) (1849);
(Richard III. (1852); (The Devil's Money);
(The Son of Night) (1856); Mysteries of the
Temple); (The Madonna of the Roses) (1869).
Selden, John. A celebrated English jurist ;
born at Salvington in Surrey, 1584; died at
London, Nov. 30, 1654. He wrote many very
learned treatises on law-municipal, interna-
tional, natural, etc. — and on the legislation of
the ancient Hebrews; but he is best remem-
bered for his (Table Talk,' recorded by his
secretary, Richard Milward : of it Coleridge de-
clares that it contains « more weighty bullion
sense )) than he could find in the same number
of pages of any uninspired writer. *
Selous, Frederick Courtenay. A well-known
English explorer and sportsman; born in the
island of Jersey, in 1852. He made a name
as a gold-prospector, explorer, and elephant.
hunter in South Africa, where he has spent
many years; and during the Matabele cam-
paign, fought with great gallantry on the side
of the colonists. His publications, (A Hunt-
er's Wanderings in Africa) (1881), and (Travel
and Adventure in Southeast Africa) (1893),
have been widely read.
Sénancour, Étienne Pivert de (sen-än-kör').
A French writer of the school of Rousseau ;
born at Paris, 1770; died at St. Cloud, 1846.
Under the direct influence of Rousseau he
wrote: (Reveries on the Primitive State of
Man) (1799); his most notable work, (Ober-
mann) (2 vols. , 1804), is in the same vein; then
followed "Love according to Primordial Laws,
and according to the Conventions of Society)
(2 vols. , 1805); (Free Meditations of an Un-
known Solitary on Detachment from the World)
(1819); (Sum of the Traditions of Morality and
Religion (2 vols. , 1827), which brought on
him legal prosecution for impiety; Isabella,
a novel (1833). *
Seneca, Lucius Annæus (sen'e-ka). A
celebrated Roman philosopher; born at Cor-
duba, in Spain, about the year 4 B. C. ; died
65 A. D. He was Nero's preceptor, and his
confidant and adviser in the beginning of his
reign. Many of his writings have come down
to us, among them 124 (Epistles to Lucilius,
containing admirable counsels and exhorta-
tions to the practice of virtue : "On Providence);
(Anger); “Of Benefits); Natural-History Ques-
tions); several tragedies, among them (Thyes-
tes, Phædra,' and (Medea. *
Senior, William. An English miscellaneous
writer; author of "Notable Shipwrecks) (1873);
(Waterside Sketches: A Book for Wanderers
and Anglers) (1875); (By Stream and Sea)
(1877); (Travel and Trout in the Antipodes)
(1879).
Serao, Matilde (ser-ä'o). An Italian novel.
ist; born at Patras in Greece, March 7, 1856.
Her best stories are those descriptive of Nea-
politan life: as "Faint Heart) (1881); (Fantasy)
(1883); “ Neapolitan Legends) (1886); (Opal);
Little Minds); etc.
Serres, Olivia Wilmot. An English story.
writer; born 1772; died 1834. She claimed to
be a daughter of the Duke of Cumberland,
brother of George III. , but failed to make the
claim good before a Parliamentary committee.
She wrote: (St. Julian,' a novel (1805); (Flights
of Fancy,' poems (1806); “Olivia's Advice to her
:
*
## p. 490 (#506) ############################################
490
SERVETUS-SEWRIN
>
Daughters); (The True Messiah; or, St. Ath-
anasius's Creed Explained (1814).
Servetus, Michael (Miguel Serveto y
Reves) (ser-vē'tūs). A Spanish physician and
theological writer; born at Tudela in Navarre,
1511; died at the stake in Geneva, Oct. 27,
1553. He accompanied Charles V. to Ger-
many, as physician to the emperor's confessor
Quintana. His work (On the Errors about
the Trinity) was published at Hagenau, 1531,
and it was soon afterward ordered to be burnt
by the authorities at Basel : the reformer Bucer
denounced the writer as deserving of the ex-
tremest punishment. Servetus defended his
views in another work, Dialogues on the Trin-
ity) (1532), and then went to France. At
Lyons he published (The Restoration of Christ-
ianism) (1553), and to escape punishment fied
to Geneva. There, at the instance of Calvin,
he was arrested on the charge of denying God
and Christ, and burned as a heretic.
Settle, Elkanah. An English playwright
and poet; born at Dunstable, 1648; died at
London, 1723. His chief plays are: (The Em-
press of Morocco) (1673); Love and Revenge
(1675); Pastor Fido, or the Faithful Shepherd)
(1677), after Guarini; (The Female Prelate;
or, The Life and Death of Pope Joan' (1680);
(Distressed Innocence; or, The Princess of
Persia' (1682).
Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Mar-
quise de (sāv-en-yā'). A celebrated French
letter-writer; born at Paris, February 1626; died
at the Castle of Grignan, in Dauphiny, April
18, 1696. Her Letters, mainly to her daugh-
ter, are regarded as models of the familiar
epistolary style. The best edition is that in 10
vols. , 1818-19. *
Sewall, Frank. An American writer and
Swedenborgian minister ; born in Maine, 1837.
He has written many denominational and re-
ligious works; among them (Moody Mike; or,
The Power of Love); (The Hem of his Gar-
ment); (The Pillow of Stones); (The New
Ethics ); (The New Metaphysics); Angelo
and Ariel. He has been remarkably success-
ful in the translation of Italian and French
poetry, and has published a translation of the
poems of Carducci, and works on him, notably
(Giosue Carducci and the Hellenic Reaction
in Italy); (Carducci and the Classic Realism)
(1892). His translation of Carducci's sonnet
(The Ox) has been noticed throughout Europe.
Sewall, Harriet (Winslow). An American
verse-writer ; born at Portland, Me. , June 30,
1819; died at Wellesley, Mass. , February 1889.
She wrote the poem (Why Thus Longing ? )
Her other poetical compositions were pub.
lished in a volume of Poems, with a Memoir)
(1889).
Sewall, Jonathan Mitchell. An American
poet; born at Salem, Mass. , 1748; died at
Portsmouth, N. H. , March 29, 1808. During
the Revolutionary war he wrote a ball (War
and Washington, which was very popular; in
his epilogue (1780) to Addison's Cato' occur
the lines “No pent-up Ctica contracts your
powers”; his Miscellaneous Poems) were col-
lected and published in 1801.
Sewall, Samuel. An American jurist ; bom
in Bishopstoke, England, March 28, 1652; died
in Boston, Jan. I, 1730. He came to America
very young, graduated at Harvard in 1675, and
became a member of the council; and as judge
of the probate court (1692) took a prominent
part in the trials during the Salem Witchcraft
excitement. He is chiefly remarkable in literary
annals for his Diary) and Letters,' which
have been published by the Massachusetts His-
torical Society (1878-82). He wrote a tract on
the rights of slaves, (The Selling of Joseph
(1711); and published: (The Accomplishment
of Prophecies) (1713); (A Memorial Relating
to the Kennebec Indians) (1721); and (A De-
scription of the New Heaven (1727).
Sewall, Stephen. An American Hebrew
scholar; born in York, Me. , April 4, 1734; died
in Boston, July 23, 1804. He became librarian
and instructor at Harvard College (1762), and
professor of Hebrew (1764-85). He published
a Hebrew Grammar) (1763); A Funeral Ora-
tion in Latin on Edward Holyoke (1700);
(The Scripture Account of the Shechinah
(1794); and left a manuscript (Chaldee and
English Dictionary, now preserved in Harvard
College Library.
Seward, Anna. A English poet; born at
Eyam, Derbyshire, 1747 ; died at Lichfield,
March 23, 1809. Her celebrity as a poet was
obtained chiefly from her elegies upon her
friend Major André (1781), and upon Captain
Cook. She published: Louisa,' a poetical
novel (1782), and “Sonnets) (1789). Sir Walter
Scott published her (Poetical Works and Cor-
respondence) (3 vols. , 1810). She was called
( The Swan of Lichfield. ”
Seward, William Henry. An American
statesman; born in Florida, N. Y. , May 16,
1801; died in Auburn, N. Y. , 1872. In 1838 he
was elected the first Whig governor of New
York; in 1849 United States Senator, re-elected
1855. He was Secretary of State (1861-09) dur.
ing the Civil War and through Johnson's term.
He published many of his speeches and ad.
dresses; a volume on the Life and Services
of John Quincy Adams) (1849); and, with his
adopted daughter Olive Risley Seward, (Trav.
els Around the World" (1873). His Works,
edited by Geo. E. Baker, appeared in 3 vols. ,
1853; 5 vols. , 1884.
Sewrin, Charles A. (sācē-ran'). A French
dramatist and story-writer; born at Metz, 1771 ;
died at Paris, 1853. He wrote among oth-
:- Comic operas: (The Village School);
(The Opera in a Village); (Of Old and Now
a-days ); ( The Blacksmith of Bassora"; "The
Young Mother-in-Law' Comedies: (My l'n-
cle Antony); The Country Cits); (Gulliver);
(The Swiss Milkmaid. Novels : " The Story
of a Dog) (1801); 'Story of a Cat) (1802); A
ers:
ܪ
## p. 491 (#507) ############################################
SEXTUS-SHALER
491
(
Family of Liars) (1802); (The Friends of Henri
IV. (1805).
Sextus Empiricus. A Greek philosopher,
who flourished near the end of the second cen-
tury; a physician of the empirical school,
whence his surname. In his (Outlines of Pyr-
rhonism) he revived the skepticism of Pyrrho;
and he wrote a work on skepticism, under the
title (Adversus Mathematicos. '
Seymour, Mary Harrison. An American
juvenile-story writer; born in Oxford, Conn. ,
Sept. 7, 1835. She has published: Mollie's
Christmas Stocking) (1865); (Sunshine and
Starlight) (1868); (Posy Vinton's Picnic' (1869);
Ned, Nellie, and Amy) (1870); (Recompense
(1877); “Every Day) (1877); and (Through the
Darkness) (1884).
Shadwell, Thomas. An English dramatist ;
born at Stanton Hall, Norfolk, about 1640; died
Nov. 20, 1692. His comedy (The Sullen Lov-
ers, produced in 1668, brought him reputation.
Among many other plays, he was the author
of “The Virtuoso) (1676); (Lancashire Witches)
(1682); (The Squire of Alsatia) (1688); and
«Volunteers; or, The Stock-Jobbers) (1693).
He became poet-laureate and historiographer
royal in 1688, succeeding Dryden in both posi-
tions. (Works,' 4 vols. , 1720. )
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, irst
Earl of. An English statesman; born in Wim-
borne, St. Giles, Dorsetshire, July 22, 1621 ; died
in Amsterdam, Jan. 22, 1683. He was a con-
spicuous figure in the history of his times; was
the Achitophel of Dryden's satire. Macaulay
gives a brilliant sketch of him in the essay on
Sir William Temple. Ashley and Cooper riv-
ers, in South Carolina, received their names
from him. His Characteristics of Men, Man-
ners, Opinions, and Times) is a collection of
his various writings.
shairp, John Campbell. [“ Principal
Shairp. ”] A Scotch poet, critic, and essayist;
born at Houstoun, in West Lothian, July 30,
1819; died at Ormsary, in Argyll, Sept. 18, 1885.
He became principal of the United College,
St. Andrews. Among his works are : Kila
mahoe, a Highland Pastoral, and Other Poems)
(1864); Studies in Poetry and Philosophy
(1868); Culture and Religion (1870); “Poetic
Interpretation of Nature (1877); Aspects of
Poetry) (1881); and, published posthumously,
(Sketches in History and Poetry (1887); Glen
Desseray and Other Poems) (1888).
Shakespeare, William. The poet was born
at Stratford-on-Avon, April 22 or 23, 1564;
died there, April 23, 1616. His plays, in the
order of their production, are given as follows:
(Love's Labour's Lost' (written 1591 (? ); revised
1597 ; published 1598); (Two Gentlemen of
Verona) (written 1591 (? ); published posthu-
mously 1623); (Comedy of Errors) (written
159-; published posthumously 1623); Romeo
and Juliet) (written 159-; pirated 1597; pub-
lished with author's sanction 599); Henry
VI. (Part i. written and acted 1592, Parts ii.
and iii. following quickly; Part ii. published
1594; Part iii. published 1595); King Richard
III. (written 1593 (? ); published 1597); “Titus
Andronicus) (written in collaboration 1593 or
1594 ; acted 1594 (? ); published 1600 ? ); (A
Merchant of Venice' (written and acted 1594 (? );
published 1600); King John? (written 1594 ;
acted 159–);“A Midsummer Night's Dream,' writ-
ten and acted 1594-95; published 1600; (King
Richard II. (produced 1595); (All's Well that
Ends Well' (written 1595 (? ); acted 159-); (The
Taming of the Shrew) (written 1596 (? ); acted
159-; published posthumously 1623); Henry
IV. (written or adapted 1597 ; published, Part i.
1598, Part ii. 1690; revised and republished
1600); «The Merry Wives of Windsor) (written
159-; acted 159-; published 1602); (Henry V. '
(written 1598; acted 1599; published, text im-
perfect, 1600); Much Ado about Nothing)
(written 1599 (? ); acted 1599; published 1600);
(As You Like It) (produced 1599); (Twelfth
Night' (written 1599; acted 1001 or 1602); "Julius
Cæsar) (written 1601; acted 1601 ); (Hamlet)
(written 1602; acted 1602 (? ); published by an-
other surreptitiously 1602 or 1603; authorized ed.
1604); (Troilus and Cressida' (written 1603 (? );
acted 1603 ; published 1608 or 1609); Othello)
(written 1604 (? ); acted 1004; published posthu-
mously 1622); (Measure for Measure) (written
1004 (? ); acted 1604; published posthumously);
(Macbeth' (written 1605-6; acted 1606 (? ); re-
vived 1611; published posthumously 1623);
(King Lear) (written 1606; acted 1606; pub-
lished 1608); (Timon of Athens) (written in col-
laboration 1607; acted 160-); (Pericles) (written
in collaboration 1607; published 1008 or 1009);
(Antony and Cleopatra) (written 1607-8; pub-
lished posthumously 1623); (Coriolanus) (writ-
ten 1608 (? ); published posthumously 1623);
Cymbeline) (written 164; acted 1610); A Win-
ter's Tale) (written 16%; acted 1611); (The
Tempest' (written before the winter of 1612-13);
(The Two Noble Kinsmen) (written in col-
laboration (? ); published posthumously 1634);
(Henry VIII. (portions by Shakespeare writ-
ten 1613 (? ); acted 1613; published posthu-
mously 1623). His poems are: (Venus and
Adonis) (1593); “The Rape of Lucrece) (1594);
(Sonnets) (written 1591-94; published 1609);
(A Lover's Complaint (written 1594-98 (? );
published 1609); (The Passionate Pilgrim
(Ist ed. (? ) 1594). The first collected edition of
the plays, under the title (Mr. William Shakes-
peare's comedies, histories, and tragedies. Pub-
lished according to the true original copies,'
appeared in 1623, and is referred to as the
folio of 1623. ” One existing copy has two
canceled leaves from (As You Like It. ) *
Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate. An Ameri-
can geologist; born near Newport, Ky. , Feb.
22, 1841. He is professor of geology at Harvard,
and a versatile and interesting writer in many
important fields. Among his works are the
(Kentucky Geological Reports and Memoirs)
(7 vols. , 1876-82); “On the Nature of Intellectual
Property and its Importance to the State' (1878);
(Aspects of the Earth) (1889); (The Story of
(
## p. 492 (#508) ############################################
492
SHANKS-SHELLEY
)
our Continent) (1892); (Nature and Man in
North America) (1892); (The Interpretation of
Nature) (1893); “Sea and Land (1894); (The
United States of America) (2 vols. , 1894); and
reports of United States Geological Survey on
Marine Marshes, Fresh-Water Swamps, Soils,
Harbors, etc.
Shanks, William Franklin-Gore. An Amer-
ican journalist and author; born in Shelbyville,
Ky. , April 20, 1837. He was war correspondent
for the New York Herald (1861-65), subsequently
joined the New York Tribune, and was impris-
oned for refusing to divulge the name of a
writer of an article in the paper. Besides his
contributions to periodicals he has published :
(Recollections of Distinguished Generals)
(1865); Bench and Bar) (1868); and a play,
(A Noble Treason (1876).
Sharp, William. A British critic and man
of letters ; born 1856. He has traveled exten-
sively, and contributed to leading publications
throughout the world. His works include (Hu-
manity and Man,' a poem ; (The Conqueror's
Dream, and Other Poems); (Dante Gabriel
Rossetti, a biography; (Shakespeare's Songs,
Poems, and Sonnets); (Sonnets of this Cen-
tury); (Shelley,' a biography; (Romantic Bal-
lads); etc.
Shaw, Albert. An American editor and writer
on municipal government; born in New Lon-
don, O. , July 23, 1857. Since 1891 he has been
the editor of the Review of Reviews in Amer-
ica.
