No More Learning

tracted the notice of Walter Savage Landor
in consequence of the beauty and feeling of
his poems, mostly descriptive of popular life
and character in his native county, where he
was long in the mail service, and known in
consequence as “The Rural Postman of Bide-
ford. " His best work is in (Wayside Warbles);
"Sungleams and Shadows); and (Ballads and
Songs.
Capponi, Gino, Marchese (käp-o'nē). An
Italian historian and scholar; born in Florence,
Sept. 14, 1792; died there, Feb. 3, 1876. A
(History of the Florentine Republic) (1875) is
his chief work.
Capuana, Luigi (kä-pū-ä'nä). An Italian
poet, novelist, and critic; born at Mineo, Sicily,
May 27, 1839. Having devoted himself to jour-
nalism, he settled (1864) in Florence, where he
wrote dramatic criticisms; from 1868 until 1877
he lived in his native town, then in Milan,
again as a journalist. His best-known work is
(Giacinta) (1879), a naturalistic novel. Besides
this he published several volumes of short
stories, among them: Profiles of Women)
(1881); (Homo) (1883); and two collections of
charming fairy tales: Once upon a Time)
(1882) and Fairy Land” (1883). A curious
specimen of rhythmical prose is his (Semi-
Rhythms) (1888), in praise of worldly joy and
beauty.
Carayon, Auguste (kä-ri-yön or kä-rā-yôn).
A French historian; born at Saumur, March
31, 1813; died at Poitiers, May 15, 1874. A
distinguished Jesuit, he wrote: (First Canadian
Missions of the Jesuits) (1864); (Banishment
of the Jesuits from Louisiana) (1865); and
similar studies.
Carcano, Giulio (kär-kä'no). An Italian
poet (1812-84); born in Milan. He wrote a
narrative poem, Ida Della Torre,' while a
student at Pavia (1834). His next work, (An-
giola Maria) (1839), had extraordinary success;
it is a deeply sympathetic story of Italian fam-
ily life, and is regarded as the highest type of
that class in Italian. In the same vein is the
volume (Simple Narratives' (1843). He wrote
also (Damiano, the Story of a Poor Family)
3


## p. 94 (#110) #############################################

CÁRDENAS Y RODRIGUEZ-CARLETON
94
(
He had pre-
(
(1851), and (Twelve Tales) (1856). He pub-
lished translations of several of Shakespeare's
plays. His latest volume of poetry was (Vari.
ous Poems) (1875). Among his later novels
are (Gabrio and Camilla, a Milanese Story)
(1874); and “Carlo Barbiano) (1882).
Cárdenas y Rodriguez, José M. de (kär'dā.
näs ē rõ-drē'ges). A Cuban poet and prose-
writer; born at Matanzas in 1812; died in
1882. Many of his humorous sketches of Cuban
life have been translated into French and pub-
lished in the Revue des Deux Mondes. Be-
sides a good comedy, (A Deaf Uncle,' he has
written a collection of fables, some of which
have been translated into English; and numer-
ous poems.
Cárdenas y Rodriguez, Nicolás de. A
Cuban poet and novelist; born in Havana,
1814; died in 1868. His works comprise :
(Poetical Essays) (1836); (Scenes from Life
in Cuba) (1841); (The Two Weddings,' a
novel (1844); Diego de Velazquez,' a drama.
He was also a regular contributor to periodi-
cals.
Carducci, Giosuè (kär-dö'chi). A distin-
guished Italian poet and philologist; born at
Valdicastello, Tuscany, July 27, 1836. He was
made professor of Italian literature in the
University of Bologna in 1860.
viously written essays on the history of lit-
erature; and a small volume of lyrics, (Rimes,'
(1857). But his poetical genius is better shown
in the collections of his fugitive pieces pub-
lished a little later: Serious Trifies) and
(The Decennials. His Hymn to Satan)
(1863), published under the pseudonym "Eno-
trio Romano,' made an extraordinary impression,
and was formally defended in (Satan and Sa.
tanic Polemics) (1879). The breadth and range
of his genius, as well as his mastery of poetic
form, are seen in the Poems of Enotrio Ro-
mano) (1871); New Poems) (1873); “Iambics
and Epodes) (1882); New Rimes) (1887). *
Carew, Thomas. An English poet (about
1598-1639). He stood high in favor with Charles
I. , and was an intimate friend of the greatest
poets and scholars of his time in England, in-
cluding Ben Jonson, Sir John Suckling, and
Sir Kenelm Digby. His poems are light and
airy, sometimes licentious, always graceful and
elegant in form. They are mostly songs or
odes; he also wrote (Coelum Britannicum, a
masque performed at Whitehall (1633), with
Charles I. and his courtiers in the cast.
Carey, Henry. An English poet and play-
wright; born about 1696; died in London (? ),
1743. As the author of (Sally in our Alley)
his claim to the notice of posterity is a strong
one, and Namby Pamby) is another of his
good songs. His farces, among them (Hang-
ing and Marriage, are not so lively.
Carey, Henry Charles. A leading American
economist; born in Philadelphia, Dec. 15, 1793;
died there, Oct. 13, 1879. Trained in his father's
publishing-house, he accumulated a competence
from the business and retired to devote himself
to study. The 'Essay on the Rate of Wages)
(1836) and (The Principles of Political Econ-
omy) (1837-40) won him an authoritative inter-
national position, in spite of what was then an
extravagantly unorthodox opposition to Adam
Smith and his followers. He next produced :
(The Credit System in France, Great Britain,
and the United States) (1838); (The Past, The
Present, and The Future) (1848); and (The
Principles of Social Science) (1858-59).
Carey, Mathew. An American publisher
and prose-writer; born in Ireland, Jan. 28, 1760;
died in Philadelphia, Pa. , Sept. 16, 1839. The
best known of his political writings was his
(Olive Branch) (1814). It was an effort to
promote harmony among political parties dur-
ing the War of 1812. It passed through ten
editions. In 1819 he published his "Vindiciæ
Hibernicæ); and in 1822, Essays on Political
Economy.
Carlén, Emilia Flygare. (fe-gär'ë-kär-lān').
A Swedish novelist; born at Strömstad, Aug.
8, 1807; died at Stockholm, Feb. 5, 1892. Her
first story was Waldemar Klein (1838). A
long series of novels followed, most notable
among them being : (Gustav Lindorm' (1839);
(The Professor) (1840); (Chamberlain Lass-
mann (1842); (A Warehouse on the Cliffs)
(1860), her best story. Her latest work was
(Reminiscences of Swedish Literary Life) (1878).
She had clear insight into the conditions of
human life, especially of life in the middle
class, and she describes it with admirable fidel-
ity. *
Carlén, Rosa (kär-lān'). A Swedish novelist
(1836-83). Her first story, 'Agnes Tell (1861),
had a very favorable reception. Then fol-
lowed : “Tuva) (1862); Helena, a Woman's
History) (1863); (Three Years and Three
Days) (1864); (The Gypsy's Son (1866), which
is regarded as her most perfect work.
Carleton, Henry Guy. An American jour.
nalist and dramatist; born in Fort Union,
N. Mex. , June 21, 1855. He pursued journalism
in New Orleans and New York city, and has
written several plays, including : Memnon, a
Tragedy); “Victor Durand” (presented 1884);
and (The Pembertons) (presented 1890).
Carleton, Will. An American poet; born
in Hudson, Mich. , Oct. 21, 1845. He is best
known in literature by his ballads of home life,
many of them having gained great popularity.
His books include: Poems) (1871); Farm
Legends) (1875); (City Ballads) (1888); and
(City Legends) (1889).
Carleton, William. An Irish novelist; born
in Prillisk, County Tyrone, 1794 ; died in Dub-
lin, Jan. 30, 1869. His intimate acquaintance
with the traits and tendencies of Irish peas-
ant character, and his harmless, graceful, and
unwearying humor, were conspicuous in his
first success, (Traits and Stories of the Irish
Peasantry. Then came: Willy Reilly);
(The Fair of Emyvale); (Fardorougha the
:


## p. 95 (#111) #############################################

CARLSON-CARRERA
95
3
Miser); and several other novels of great power,
in which much that seems anomalous in the
manners and methods of the author's country-
men is made clear through the medium of a
happy style and a realistic humor.
Carlson, Fredrik Ferdinand (kärl'son). A
Swedish historian; born in Upland, June 13,
1811; died in Stockholm, March 18, 1887. He
was prominent in public affairs for many years,
and wrote, among other works, a “History of
Sweden (1855-87), which ranks high because
of its exhaustive accuracy and literary merit.
Carlyle, Jane Welsh. Wife of Thomas Car.
lyle; born at Haddington, Scotland, July 14,
1801; died in London, April 21, 1866. Her
(Letters,' edited by her husband, were pub-
lished in 1883, the work being given to the
world by J. A. Froude.
Carlyle, Thomas. A Scotch biographer,
historian, and miscellaneous writer; born at
Ecclefechan, Dec. 4, 1795; died in London,
Feb. 4, 1881. His works, as published, are :
Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship,' a transla-
tion (1824); "Legendre's Elements of Geometry
and Trigonometry,' a translation (1824); Life
of Schiller) (1825); “German Romance, trans-
lations from Tieck, Musäus, Richter, etc. (1827);
(Sartor Resartus) (first edition in book form,
Boston, 1835; second, London, 1838); (The
French Revolution) (1837); (Chartism) (1839);
(Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in His-
tory' (1841); "Past and Present) (1843); Life
and Letters of Oliver Cromwell (1845); (Lat-
ter-Day Pamphlets) (1850); Life of Sterling)
(1851); Friedrich II. (1858–65); (Inaugural
Address at Edinburgh) (1866); (Reminiscences
of my Irish Journey in 1849' (1882); Last
Words of Thomas Carlyle) (1882). He wrote
also innumerable magazine articles, still uncol-
lected. *
Carman, Bliss. A Canadian poet; born
at Fredericton, N. B. , April 15, 1861. His first
publication, "Low Tide on Grand Pré: A Book
of Lyrics) (1893), had a very favorable recep-
tion. Other volumes of his collected poems
are : Songs from Vagabondia (1894); Be-
hind the Arras : a Book of the Unseen) (1895).
His poems usually appear first in American
magazines and other periodicals. *
Carmen Sylva. See Sylva.
Carmontel, Louis Carrogis, called (kär-
môn-tel'). A French poet and proverb-writer:
born in Paris, Aug. 15, 1717; died there, Dec.
26, 1806. His fame rests upon (Dramatic
Proverbs,' or epigrammatic plays upon words.
Carnegie, Andrew (kär-nā'gi). A noted
Scotch-American manufacturer, and writer of
travels and essays on affairs; born at Dun-
fermline, Scotland, Nov. 25, 1837. He is pro-
prietor of the largest iron and steel works in
the world, at Pittsburg, Pa. His benefactions
have been large and numerous, among them
gifts of public libraries to Allegheny City
and to Pittsburg. Besides many articles in
periodicals, he has written: An American
Four-in-Hand in Britain) (1883); (Round the
World) (1884); (Triumphant Democracy)
(1886); etc.
Carneri, Bartholomaus von (kär-nā'rē). An
Austrian poet; born at Trent, 1821. His vol-
ume of poems Plough and Sword) was greatly
admired. He has published Foundation of
Ethic) (1881), and similar books.
Caro, Miguel Antonio (kä'ro). A Colom-
bian prose-writer and poet; born in Bogotá,
Colombia, Nov. 10, 1843. He has been an edi-
tor and contributor to periodicals. His prin-
cipal works are: Poems) (1866); (Hours of
Love, a prose work; and a translation into
Spanish verse of Virgil's complete works (3
vols. , 1873-75). He is a correspondent of the
Royal Spanish Academy, and in 1886 was
national librarian in the Colombian congress.
Carpenter, Esther Bernon. An American
prose-writer; born in Wakefield, R. I. , 1848;
died 1893. She contributed to magazines; pub-
lished (The Huguenot Influence in Rhode
Island, and (South Country Neighbors) (1887).
Carpenter, Stephen Cutter. An American
journalist and prose-writer; born in England;
died about 1820. He came to the United States
(1803) and settled in Charleston, S. C. , where
he soon founded and published with John
Bristed the Monthly Register Magazine and
Review of the United States. Later he was
editor of the Mirror of Taste and Dramatic
Censor, in which appeared some clever sketches
of American actors. His works include:
(Memoirs of Jefferson, Containing a Concise
History of the United States from the Ac-
knowledgment of their Independence, with a
View of the Rise and Progress of French In-
fuence and French Principles in that Country)
(2 vols. , 1809); (Select American Speeches,
Forensic and Parliamentary, with Prefatory
Remarks; a Sequel to Dr. Chapman's Select
Speeches) (1815); and under the pen-name of
“Donald Campbell, Overland Journey to
India' (2d ed. 1809-10), and Letter on the Pres.
ent Times. )
Carr, Lucien. An American archäologist ;
born in Missouri, 1829. He has written:
(Mounds of the Mississippi Valley) (1883);
(Missouri, a Bone of Contention) (1888); and
(Prehistoric Remains of Kentucky) (with
Shaler).
Carrér, Luigi (kä-rār'). An Italian poet
(1801-50); born at Venice. His first volume of
(Poems) contained sonnets, odes, and ballads
(1832). He wrote a poetical account of the
history of Venice, and published four volumes
of Prose and Poetry) (1837). He is ranked
among the best of the later Italian poets.
Carrera, Valentino (kär-rā'rä). An Italian
dramatic poet; born at Turin, Dec. 19, 1834.
He is one of the most original dramatists of
Italy, especially in comedy. Among his many
comedies, vaudevilles, etc. , the play which won
3


## p. 96 (#112) #############################################

96
CARRINGTON-CARY
sermons.
for him a wide reputation was (La Quaderna
di Nanni) (1870), a perfect picture of Floren-
tine life. He wrote some historical sketches
and narratives of travel.
Carrington, Henry Beebe. A distinguished
American soldier and military writer; born at
Wallingford, Conn. , March 2, 1824. Originally
a lawyer, he became brigadier-general of volun-
teers in the Civil War, served in the West till
1868, and was appointed professor of military
science at Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind.
His present home is in Boston. He wrote:
(Battles of the American Revolution) (3d ed.
1878); (Apsaraka, or Indian Operations on the
Plains); etc.
Carroll, Anna Ella. An American polit-
ical writer; born in Maryland, 1815; died in
1894. She wrote: (The Great American Battle)
(1856); (The Star of the West' (1856); (The
War Powers of the General Government)
(1861); etc.
Carroll, Lewis, pseudonym of Charles Lut-
widge Dodgson. A notable English humorist ;
born 1833; died January 1898. His fame is
based on the stories — nominally for the nurs-
ery, but only appreciable in their full merit
by adults -(Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
(1865), and its sequel (Through the Looking-
Glass) (1872). They are fantasy-fables, full of
what seems pure nonsense, but is really based
largely on reductions to absurdity of illogi-
cal popular usages in language or reasoning.
They have been translated into most of the
languages of Europe.
Some excellent nonsense
verse is also found in the collections (Phan-
tasmagoria) (1869), the poem (The Hunting of
the Snark) (1876), and the inferior prose fairy-
tale (Sylvie and Bruno. The author has pub-
lished several works on mathematics and logic,
in both serious and humorous form; but the
playfulness of the latter demands too much
expert scholarship to be popular. *
Carruthers, William A. An American nov-
elist; born in Virginia about 1800; died in
Savannah, Ga. , about 1850. He was profession-
ally a physician, but wrote a number of spirited
romances founded on incidents in American
history. His best work is (The Cavaliers of
Virginia, or the Recluse of Jamestown, an His-
torical Romance of the Old Dominion (1832).
He is the author also of "The Knights of the
Horse-Shoe, a Traditionary Tale of the Cocked
Hat Gentry in the Old Dominion' (1845).
Carryl, Charles Edward. An American
story-writer; born in New York city, Dec. 30,
1841. In 1885 he published Davy and the
Goblin,' followed by (The Admiral's Caravan,'
both juveniles in the manner of Lewis Carroll.
He is a broker in New York city.
Carter, Elizabeth. An English writer; born
in Kent, 1717; died in London, 1806. She is
remembered for her version of Epictetus, al-
though her (Ode to Wisdom (1746) is ad-
mired.
Carter, Robert. An American littérateur;
born in Albany, N. Y. , Feb. 5, 1819; died in
Cambridge, Mass. , Feb. 15, 1879. At first as-
sociated with Lowell in a monthly magazine,
later the private secretary of Prescott, then co-
editor of a newspaper with Hildreth, he passed
his life in miscellaneous journalistic and liter-
ary work; the most important being a large
share in editing (1859–63) the first two editions
of the American Cyclopædia. His one book,
(A Summer Cruise on the Coast of New Eng.
land' (1864), was long popular as an enter-
taining travel sketch, and among naturalists
for its account of New England fishes.
Carteret, Antoine Alfred Désiré (kär-trā').
A Swiss statesman and fabulist; born Ge-
neva, April 2, 1813; died there, Jan 31, 1889.
His political career was long and brilliant;
and in literature he has made a name with
pleasing Fables) (1873), frequently treating
political subjects, and a novel, (Two Friends)
(1872), descriptive of Genevese customs.
Cartwright, Peter. An American contro-
versialist and sermonist; born in Virginia, Sept.
1, 1785; died Sept. 25, 1872. He was a Meth-
odist clergyman, of great power and eccen-
tricity, and preached, it is said, fully 15,000
He published (A Controversy with
the Devil'; Autobiography of a Backwoods
Preacher); (Fifty Years a Presiding Elder.
Cartwright, William. An English drama-
tist and poet; born in Northway, September
1611, or Aug. 16, 1615; died at Oxford, Nov.
29, 1643. His plays were immensely success.
ful at the time; (The Ordinary) is probably
the best, but “The Royal Slave) is meritorious,
and both contain much lively wit and satire
at the expense of the Puritans. The poems
are not so good.
Carutti di Cantogno, Domenico, Baron
(kä-röt'ē dē kän-ton'yo). An Italian historian
and publicist; born in Cumiana, near Turin,
Nov. 26, 1821. As a young man he took to
romance-writing, but was speedily absorbed in
politics and rose to great distinction. When
he resumed the pen, it was to compile such
solid works as History of the Reign of Vic-
tor Amadeus II. (1856), and History of the
Reign of Charles Emanuel III. (1859), which
are interesting and scholarly.
Cary, Alice. An American poet; born near
Cincinnati, O. , April 26, 1820; died in New
York city, Feb. 12, 1871. When quite young
she commenced writing sketches and poems
for the press. In 1852 she, with her sister
Phoebe, removed to New York city, where they
lived during the rest of their lives. In 1850
the sisters published a volume entitled Poems
by Alice and Phæbe Cary. Alice soon after
published "Clovernook, or Recollections of our
Neighborhood in the West) (1851-53); “Hagar,
a Story of To-Day) (1852); Married not Mated)
(1856); (The Lover's Diary) (1867); and Snow-
Be es: A Bo for Young Folks) (1869).
a


## p. 97 (#113) #############################################

CARY – CASTELLO-BRANCO
97
(
Cary, Edward. An American journalist;
born in New York State, 1840. He has long
been connected with the New York Times.
His principal published work is a Life of
George William Curtis.
Cary, Henry Francis. An English poet and
translator of Dante; born at Gibraltar, Spain,
Dec. 6, 1772; died in London, Aug. 14, 1844.
Although his fame rests upon his version of
Dante's Divine Comedy,' he possessed an inti-
mate knowledge of Latin, Greek, and French,
and translated masterpieces from those lan-
guages adequately and with grace.
Cary, Phoebe. An American poet and prose-
writer, sister of Alice; born in Cincinnati, O. ,
Sept. 4, 1824; died in Newport, R. I. , July
31, 1871. She contributed numerous sketches to
various periodicals; and with her sister pub-
lished many books, among which are (Poems
and Parodies) (1854), and Poems of Faith,
Hope, and Love.
Casanova de Seingalt, Giovanni Jacopo
(kä"sa-nö'vä de sin'gält). An Italian advent-
urer; born at Venice, 1725; died in Bohemia,
June 4, 1798. Expelled from Venice for his
scandalous irregularities, he returned there and
was imprisoned ; after some months he made
his escape, and for twenty years traveled over
Europe, imposing upon all classes of society
with his pretensions to occult science and knowl-
edge of all the secrets of alchemy, including
rejuvenation of the old. Among his dupes were
Mme. de Pompadour, Frederick the Great, and
even that other prince of charlatans, Cagliostro.
He wrote his Memoirs,' which were published
(1828) in 12 volumes. *
Casas, Bartolomeo de las (kä'säs). A Span-
ish missionary to the aborigines of New Spain ;
born at Seville, 1474; died at Madrid, July 1566.
Moved to compassion by the inhuman treatment
of the natives by their Spanish taskmasters, he
labored to have them put under protection of
the law, and to have slaves imported from Africa
for labor in the mines and on the plantations.
He wrote memoirs in the interest of the abo-
rigines, as (A Very Brief Account of the Ruin
of the Indies) (1542); “Twenty Reasons); etc.
He wrote a History of the Indies, but it has
not been printed. *
Casgrain, Abbe Henry Raymond (kä-gran').
A Canadian historical writer; born in Rivière
Quelle, Quebec, Dec. 16, 1831. Oct. 5, 1856, he
was ordained a priest. He was professor at
Ste. Anne's College until 1859, and afterward
vicar at Quebec Cathedral from 1860 till 1873.
Among his most important works are: (History
of the Hôtel Dieu de Quebec); My Cana-
dian Parish in the Seventeenth Century. A
collection of his entire works was published in
1886.
Cass, Lewis. A famous American states-
man, diplomatist, and soldier; born at Exeter,
X. H. , Oct. 9, 1872; died at Detroit, Mich. ,
June 17, 1866. He served in the War of 1812;
was governor of Michigan Territory (1813-
31); Secretary of War (1831-36); minister to
France (1836-42); United States Senator (1845-
48); Presidential candidate (1848); United
States Senator (1849-57); Secretary of State
(1857-60). He wrote: (History, Traditions,
and Languages of the Indians) (1823); France,
its King, Court, and Government'; etc.
Cassin, John. An American ornithologist;
born near Chester, Pa. , Sept. 6, 1813; died in
Philadelphia, Jan. 10, 1869. Among his more
important works may be named : Mammalogy
and Ornithology of the Wilkes Exploring Ex-
pedition); (Ornithology of Perry's Expedition
to Japan'; etc.
Castanheda, Fernão Lopez de (käs-tän-
ā'dä). A Portuguese historian; born 1500 (? );
died 1559. His father having been appointed
to an important post in India, he was taken
thither in youth, and was thus led to make
the careful and unremitting researches em-
bodied in the History of the Discovery and
Conquest of India by the Portuguese) (1551-
61), a work upon which Camoens drew largely
in the course of his epic activity.
Castelar, Emilio (käs-tā-lär'). An eminent
Spanish orator, statesman, and writer; born at
Cadiz, Sept. 8, 1832. In early manhood he was
a journalist. In 1864, he became professor of
history in the University of Madrid. He was
always a “Progressist," and gradually became
a leader in all the struggles of the Liberal
party of Spain. His eloquence is poetic and
rhetorical, of marvelous Auency and enthusiasm.
He has written many historical and political
works; among them : (Civilization in the First
Five Centuries of Christianity); Questions Po.
litical and Social); (History of the Republican
Movement in Europe); (Historical Gallery of
Celebrated Women'; (History's Tragedies.
Castelein, Matthijs de (käs-tel-in'). A Dutch
poet (1485-1550); born at Pamele (Oudenarde).
He was the acknowledged lawgiver and pat-
tern of all the Dutch rhetoricians of his time,
in his (Art of Rhetoric. He composed many
plays, but only two of them were published :
one of these is the Story of Pyramus and
Thisbe. He wrote also "Ballads) and a vol.
ume of Various Lays,' in melodious verse.
Castelli, Ignaz Franz (käs-tel'lē). An Aus-
trian poet (1781-1862). He wrote many war
songs; one of which, War-Song of the Aus-
trian Army) (1809), was deemed not unworthy
of notice by the official organ of the French
government. His opera “The Swiss Family)
(1811) was produced on every German stage.
His theatrical pieces numbered over 200.
Castello-Branco, Camillo (käs-tel'lo
bränk'ā). A notable Portuguese novelist and
poet; born in Lisbon, March 16, 1826; died at
San Miguel de Seide, June 6, 1890. He is the
most popular of the modern romancists of
Portugal, and at the same time the most na-
tional in tone, spirit, and form. Realism char-
acterizes his numerous novels (over 100); the
best known being : Love of Perdition (1862);
(The Marquis of Torres Novas); (Brilliants
7


## p. 98 (#114) #############################################

98
CASTELNOVO-CATO
was
from Brazil. All of them are genuine pictures
of Portuguese life. Among his poetic composi-
tions, the collection published under the title
(A Book) (1854) holds the first place.
Castelnovo, Leo di (käs-tel-no'vo), pseudo-
nym of Count Leopoldo Pullè. An Italian
dramatist and poet; born in Verona, April 17,
1835. He is conspicuous politically, and has
written a number of plays, mostly comedies;
the best being probably Drink or Choke)
[“O bere o affogare, meaning a case of Hob-
son's choice) and (A Dead Heart. Harp
and Guitar) is a verse collection. Notable too
is his novel, Do the Dead Return ? )
Castelnuovo, Enrico (käs''tel-nö-õ'vo). An
Italian novelist; born at Florence, 1839. His
stories have attained great popularity; among
them: Prof. Romualdo) (1878); (Two Con-
ventions) (1885); (Reminiscences and Fancies)
(1886). He is one of the acknowledged Ital-
ian masters of the (novel of the inner life »
(romano intimo).
Castelvecchio, Riccardo (käs''tel-vek'e-),
pseudonym of Count Giulio Pulle. An Ital-
ian dramatist, father of Count Leopoldo Pulle;
born in Verona. His greatest success
(The Romantic Lady and the Homeopathic
Doctor) (new ed. 1869), a comedy; another,
(The Discreet [Lady's] Maid, is also very
popular.
Casti, Giambattista (käs'tē). An Italian
poet (1721-1803). He entered the service of
the Emperor Joseph II. ; accompanied embas-
sies to St. Petersburg, etc. He won fame by
his "Gay Stories in Ottava Rima, and acided
to it by his witty satiric (Talking Animals)
(1802). The latter work was immediately trans-
lated into most of the languages of Europe.
The English translation, with numerous addi-
tions, was made by W. S. Rose, and published
as (The Court and Parliament of Beasts)
(1819). Casti wrote also two very successful
comic operas, and a poetic satire on court life
in the reign of Catharine II. of Russia.
Castiglione, Baldassare, Count (käs-tēl.
yo'nē). An Italian poet and statesman (1478–
1529); born in the district of Mantua. He
wrote a volume of Poems Vernacular and
Latin. But the work to which he owes his
literary fame is "The Book of the Courtier,
a masterpiece of elegant and ornate prose.
It lays down the laws of courtesy and of courtly
manners, and incidentally gives a view of life
in the highest society in the author's time. *
Castilho, Antonio Feliciano (käs-tēl'o). A
Portuguese poet (1800-75). Though almost
blind, he studied jurisprudence at Coimbra.
His first poetical composition, Letters of Echo
and Narcissus, published while he was a
student, won him great celebrity. He excelled
in pastorals; and to this class belong his
(Spring,' and 'Love and Melancholy, or the
Latest Heloise. ) He had a deep sympathy
with nature, and was a master of elegiac verse.
Castillejo, Christóval de (käs-tēl-yā'ho).
The last representative of the ancient Spanish
poetry (1490-1556); born at Ciudad Rodrigo.
He opposed the introduction of Italian styles
into the poetry of Spain, and justified his oppo.
sition by demonstrating in his own work the
competence of the traditional styles of Spain
for the expression of all moods and all senti-
ments. His satiric vein, especially in the Dia-
logue on the Condition of Women and the (Ser-
mon on Loves,' offended both clergy and laity.
Castillo-Solorzano, Alonso del (käs-tēl'yo-
sõ-lör'thäʼno). A Spanish romancer and poet
of the 17th century. His stories, (The Gar-
rulous Humbug, (The Allurement of Money,'
and others, are still popular and are still re-
printed. Of his comedies the most notable is
(The Marquis of Cigarral. ? His fables after
the manner of Ovid would not be deemed un-
worthy of the Roman poet.
Castlemon, Harry. See Fosdick, Charles
Austin.
Castro, Agustin (käs'tro). A Mexican poet;
born in Cordova, Vera Cruz, Jan. 24, 1728;
died in Bologna, Italy, 1790. A Jesuit priest,
an unpedantic scholar, he taught philosophy,
and also translated masterpieces with almost
unfailing sureness of touch. His original verse,
always warm and pure, includes (Hernán Cor-
tés,' and Charts) to guide the budding poetic
genius; while the versions he made of Seneca,
Horace, Sappho, Milton, Fénelon, and Euripi-
des, receive merited praise.
Catherine, St. , of Sienna. An Italian saint
and religious writer; born in Sienna, Italy,
1347; died 1380. Her letters and treatises are
greatly admired. She is styled the seraphic
virgin” on account of her insight into spiritual
things. A new edition of her Writings,' dic-
tated to her secretary by the saint in moments
of ecstasy, appeared in 1896.
Catherwood, Mary Hartwell.