373–378;
were, as recorded by Ion (Plut.
were, as recorded by Ion (Plut.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
750 (#770) ############################################
750
CIMON.
CIMON.
also from the poets of the time, Crtinus, Melan- | be doubtful. (Comp. Plut. Arist. 25, Then. 24. )
thius, and Archelaus. He seems to have followed The year B. G 466 (according to Clinton ; Krüger
Thucydides, though not very strictly, as a guide in and others persist in placing it earlier) saw the
general, while he filled up the details from the completion of his glory. In the command of the
later historians, perhaps from Theopompus more allied forces on the Asiatic coast he met a Persian
than from Ephorus, whose account, as followed feet of 350 ships, attacked them, captured 200,
probably hy Diodorus (xi. 60), differs materially. and following the fugitives to the shore, by the
He appears to have also used Callisthenes, Cratinus, river Eurymedon, in a second and obstinate en-
Phanodemus, Diodorus Periegetes, Gorgias, and gagement on the same day, routed the land arma-
Nausicrates ; Aristotle, Eupolis, Aristophanes, and ment; indeed, according to Plutarch, he crowned
Critias.
his victory before night by the defcat of a rein-
On the death of Miltiades, probably in B. c. forcement of 80 Phoenician ships. (Plu:. Cim. 12;
489, Cimon, we are told by Diodorus (Excerpta. Thuc. i. 100 ; Diod. xi. 60, with Wesseling's note. )
p. 255), in order to obtain the corpse for burial, His next achievement was the cxpulsion of the
took his father's place in prison till his fine of Persians from the Chersonese, and the subjection
50 talents should be paid. (Miltiades. ] It ap of the territory to Athenis, accompanied perhaps
pears, however, certnin (see Dem. c. Androt. p. with the recovery of his own patrimony. The
603) that the arruía, if not the imprisonment, effect of these victories was doubtless very great;
of the public debtor was legally inherited by they crushed perhaps a last aggressive movement,
the son, and Cornelius Nepos, whose life comes and fixed Persia finally in a defensive position.
in many parts from Theopompus, states the con- In later times it was believed, though on evidence,
finement to have been compulsory. The fine as was shewn by Callisthenes, quite insufficient,
was eventually paid by Callias on his marriage that they had been succeeded by a treaty (the
with Elpinice, Cimon's sister. (Callias, No. 2, famous peace of Cimon) negotiated through Callias,
p. 567, b. ) A more difficult point is the previous and containing in its alleged conditions the most
connexion and even marriage of Cimon with this humiliating concessions. They placed Cimon at
sister or half-sister, which was recorded by nume- the height of his power and glory, the chief of that
rous writers, but after all was very probably the empire which his character had gained for Athens,
scandal of Stesimbrotus and the comedians. (Eupo and which his policy towards the allies was ren-
lis, ap. Plut. Cim. 15, comp. 4; Nepos, Cim. 1; dering daily firmer and completer. Themistocles,
Athen. xiii. p. 589. ) Nor, again, can we very a banished man, may perhaps hare witnessed his
much rely on the statement which Plutarch in- Asiatic triumphs in sorrow; the death of Aristeides
troduces at this time, that he and Themistocles had left him sole possessor of the influence they
vied with each other at the Olympian games in had hitherto jointly exercised : nor had time yet
the splendour of their equipments and banquets. matured the opposition of Pericles. (Plut. Cin. 13,
(Plut. Themist. 5. ) It is more credible that his 14. ) Still the loss of the old friend and the ra-
first occasion of attracting notice and admiration pidly increasing influence of the new opponent
was the forwardness with which, when the city rendered his position precarious.
in B. C. 480 was to be deserted, he led up to The chronology of the events that follow is
the citadel a company of young men to offer henceforth in most points disputed ; according
to the goddess their now unserviceable bridles. to Clinton's view, which cannot hastily be de
(Plut. Cim. 5. ) After the battle of Plataea, serted, the revolt of Thasos took place in 465;
Aristeides brought him forward. They were in 463 Cimon reduced it; in the year interven-
placed together in 477 at the head of the Athenian ing occurred the earthquake and insurrection at
contingent to the Greek armament, under the Sparta, and in consequence, upon Cimon's urgent
supreme command of Pausanias. Cimon shared appeal, one if not two (Plut. Cim. 16; comp.
the glory of transferring that supremacy to Athens, Aristoph. Lysistr. 1137) expeditions were sent
and in the first employment of it reduced the Per- from Athens, under his command, to assist the
sian garrison at Eion, and opened the important Spartans. In these occurrences were found the
district in the neighbourhood for Athenian coloni- means for his humiliation. During the siege of
zation. (Plut. Cim. 6; Herod. vii. 107; Thuc. i. 98; | Thasos, the Athenian colonists on the Strymon
Nepos, Cim. 2; Schol. ad Aesch. de Fals. Leg. p. were cut off by the Thracians, and Cimon seems
755, &c. , ed. Reiske; Clinton, F. H. ii. App. ix. ) to have been expected, after his victory there, to
In honour of this conquest he received from his coun- retrieve this disaster : and, neglecting to do so, he
trymen the distinction, at that time unprecedented, was on his return brought to trial; but the accu-
of having three busts of Hermes erected, inscribed sation of having taken bribes from Alexander of
with triumphal verses, but without mention of the Macedon, was, by Pericles at any rate, not strongly
names of the generals. (Plut. Cim. 6 ; Aesch. c. urged, and the result was an acquittal. The ter-
Ciesip! . p. 573, ed. Reiske. )
p
In 476, apparently mination of his Lacedaemonian policy in the jea-
under his conduct, the piratical Dolopians were lous and insulting dismissal of their Athenian
expelled from Scyros, and a colony planted in their auxiliaries by the Spartans, and the consequent
room ; and the remains of Theseus discovered rupture between the two states was a more serious
there, were thence transported, probably after some blow to his popularity. And the victory of his
years' interval (B. C. 468) with great pomp to opponents was decided when Ephialtes and Peri-
Athens. (Plut. Cim. 8 ; Paus. i. 17. $ 6, iii. 3. $ 6. ) cles, after a serere struggle, carried their measure
The reduction of Carystus and Naxos was, for reducing the authority of the aristocratic Areio-
most likely, effected under bis command (Thuc. i. pagus. Upon this it would seem his ostracism
98); and at this period he was doubtless in war ensued. Soon after its commencement (B. C. 457)
and politics his country's chief citizen. His co- a Lacedaemonian army, probably to meet the views
adjutor at home would be Aristeides ; how far he of a violent section of the defeated party in Athens,
contributed to the banishment of Themistocles may | posted itself at Tanagra. The Athenians advanced
## p. 751 (#771) ############################################
CIMON.
751
CINADON.
a
to meet it : Cimon requested permission to fight | edited in an useful form by Arnold Ekker, Utrecht,
in his place; the generals in suspicion refused : he 1843, in which references will be found to other
departed, begging his own friends to vindicate his illustrative works. )
(A. H. C. ]
character : they, in number a hundred, placed in the CIMON. 1. Or Cleonac, a painter of great
ensuing battle his panoply among them, and fell renown, praised by Pliny (11. N. xxxv. 3+) and
around it to the last man. Before five years of Aclian. (V. II. viii. 8. ) It is difficult to ascer-
his exile were fully out, B. C. 453 or 454, he was tain, from Pliny's obscure words, wherein the
recalled on the motion of Pericles himself; late peculiar merits of Cimon consisted: it is certain,
reverses having inclined the people to tranquillity however, that he was not satisfied with drawing
in Greece, and the democratic leaders perhaps simply the outlines of his figures, such as we sce
being ready, in fear of more unscrupulous oppo- in the oldest painted vases, but that he also repre-
nents, to make concessions to those of them who sented limbs, veins, and the folds of garments.
were patriotic and temperate. He was probably He invented the Catugrapha, that is, not the pro-
employed in effecting the five years' truce with file, according to the common interpretation (Cay-
Sparta which commenced in 450. In the next lus, Mém. de l'Acad. vol. xxv. p. 265), but the
year he sailed out with 200 ships to Cyprus, with various positions of figures, as they appear when
the view of retrieving the late mishaps in Egypt. looking upwards, downwards, and side ways; and
Here, while besieging Citium, illness or the effects he must therefore be considered as the first painter
of a wound carried him off. His forces, while sail of perspective. It would appear from an epigram
ing away with his remains, as if animated by his of Simonides (Anthol. Palat. ix. 758), that he wae
spirit, fell in with and defeated a fleet of Phoeni- a contemporary of Dionysius, and belonged there
cian and Cilician galleys, and added to their naval fore to the 80th Olympiad; but as he was cer-
victory a second over forces on shore. (Plut. Cim. tainly more ancient, Kiuw should in that passage
14–19; Thuc. i. 112; Diod. xi. 64, 86, xii. 3, 4; be changed into Mixwv. (Böttiger, Archäolog. d.
Theopomp. ar. Ephori fragm. ed. Marx, 224. ) Malerei, p. 234, &c. ; Müller, Handb. $ 99. )
Cimon's character (see Plut. Cim. 4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 2. An artist who made ornamented cups.
Peric. 5) is marked by his policy. Exerting himself (Athen. xi. p. 781, e. )
[L. U. ]
to aggrandize Athens, and to centralize in her the CI'NADON (Kivádwr), the chief of a conspiracy
power of the naval confederacy, he still looked against the Spartan peers (© uotol) in the first year
mainly to the humiliation of the common enemy, of Agesilaus 11. (B. C. 398—397. ) This plot ap-
Persia, and had no jealous feeling towards his pears to have arisen out of the increased power of
country's rivals at home. He was always an ad- the ephors, and the more oligarchical character
mirer of Sparta : his words to the people when which the Spartan constitution had by this time
urging the succours in the revolt of the Helots assumed. (Thirlwall's Greece, iv. pp.
373–378;
were, as recorded by Ion (Plut. Cim. 16)“ not to Manso's Sparta, iii. 1, p. 219, &c. ; Wachsmuth,
suffer Greece to be lamed, and Athens to lose its Hellen. Alter. i. 2, pp. 214, 215, 260, 262. ) Cina-
yoke-fellow. ” He is described himself to have don was a young man of personal accomplishment
had something of the Spartan character, being de and courage, but not one of the peers. The de-
ficient in the Athenian points of readiness and sign of his conspiracy was to assassinate all the
quick discernment. He was of a cheerful, convi- peers, in order, as he himself said, “ that he might
vial temper, free and indulgent perhaps rather than have no superior in Lacedaemon. ” The first hint
excessive in his pleasures (PIROTÓTTIS kal duennís, of the existence of the plot was given by a sooth-
Eupolis, ap. Plut. Cim. 15), delighting in achieve- sayer, who was assisting Agesilaus at a sacrifice.
ment for its own sake rather than from ambition. Five days afterwards, a person came to the ephors,
His frankness, affability, and mildness, won over and told them the following story: He had been
the allies from Pausanias; and at home, when the taken, he said, into the agora by Cinadon, who
recovery of his patrimony or his share of spoils had asked him to count the Spartans there. He did
made him rich, his liberality and munificence were so, and found that, including one of the kings, the
unbounded. His orchards and gardens were thrown ephors, the senators, and others, there were less
open; his fellow demesmen (Aristot. ap. Plut. Cim. than forty. " These,” said Cinadon,
10; comp. Cic. de Off. ii. 18 and Theopomp. ap. Athen. your enemies, but the others in the agora, who are
xii. 533) were free daily to his table, and his public more than four thousand, your confederates. " He
bounty verged on ostentation. With the treasure then referred to the like disparity which might be
he brought from Asia the southern wall of the citadel seen in the streets and in the country. The leaders
was built, and at his own private charge the founda- of the conspiracy, Cinadon further told him, were
tion of the long walls to the Peiraeeus, works which few, but trustworthy; but their associates were in
the marshy soil made difficult and expensive, were fact all the Helots, and Neodamodes, and Hypo-
laid down in the most costly and efficient style. meiones, who, if the Spartans were mentioned in
According to the report of lon, the tragic poet, who their presence, were unable to conceal their fern-
as a hoy supped in his company (Plut. Cim. 5, 9), cious hatred towards them. For arms, he added,
he was in person tall and good-looking, and his there were at hand the knives, swords, spits,
hair, which he wore long, thick and curly. He hatchets, and so forth, in the iron market; the
left three sons, Lacedaemonius, Eleus, and Thessa- rustics would use bludgeons and stones, and the
lus, and was, according to one account, married to artificers had each his own tools. Cinadon finally
Isodice, a daughter of Euryptolemus, the cousin of warned him, he said, to keep at home, for the time
Pericles, as also to an Arcadian wife. (Diodorus of action was at band.
Periegetes, ap. Plut. Cim. 16. ) Another record gives Upon hearing this account, the ephors called no
him three more sons, Miltiades, Cimon, and Pei- assembly, but consulted with the senators as they
sianax. (Schol. ad Aristid, iii. p. 515, Dindorf. ) happened to meet them. Cinadon, who had been
(Herod. , Thucyd. ; Plut. Cimon; Nepos, Cimon; at other times employed by the ephers on jinpor.
Diodorus. Plutarci's life of Cimon is separately I tant commissions, was sent to Aulon in Messenia,
account
## p. 752 (#772) ############################################
752
CINCINNATUS.
CINCINNATUS.
:
with orders to take certain persons prisoners ; but | nent of the claims of the plebeians. He was born
secret instructions were given to some young men i about B. C. 519. (Niebuhr, vol. ii. note 927. ) The
who were sent with him, and the choice of whom story of his having been reduced to poverty by the
was so managed as not to excite his suspicions. merciless exaction of the bail forfeited by the right
This step was taken because the ephors were igno- of his son Caeso (Liv. iii, 13) has no foundation.
rant of the number of the conspirators. Accord (Niebuhr, ii. p. 289. ) In B. C. 460 he was ille-
ingly, Cinadon was seized and tortured : letters gally appointed consul suffectus in the room of P.
were sent to Sparta mentioning the persons whom Valerius. (Liv. iii. 19; Niebuhr, ii. p. 295. ) Irri-
he had denounced as his confederates; and it is a tated by the death of his son Caeso, he proposed a
remarkable proof of the formidable character of the most arbitrary attempt to oppose the enactment of
conspiracy that among them was Tisamenus, the the Terentilian law, but the design was abandoned.
boothsayer, a descendant of Tisamenus the Eleian, (Liv. iii. 20, 21. )
who had been admitted to the full franchise. (He- Two years afterwards (B. C. 458), according to
rod. ix. 33. ) Cinadon was then brought to Spartan the common story, Cincinnatus was appointed dic
and he and the other conspirators were led in irons tator, in order to deliver the Roman consul and
through the streets, and scourged as they went, army from the perilous position in which they had
and so they were put to death. (Xen. Hell. iii. 3. been placed by the Aequians. (Plin. H. N. xviii.
$$ 4-11; Aristot. Polit. v. 6. § 2. ) [P. S. ] 4 ; Cic. de Senect. 16, who however refers the story
CINAETHON (Kıvailwv), of Lacedaemon, one to his second dictatorship. ) The story of the man-
of the most fertile of the Cyclic poets, is placed by ner in which he effected this is given by Livy (ni.
Eusebius (Chron. Ol. 3. 4) in B. c. 765. He was 26–29). The inconsistencies and impossibilities
the author of: 1. Telegonia (Tnanyovia), which in the legend have been pointed out by Niebuhr
gave the history of Odysseus from the point where (ii
. pp. 266-269), who is inclined to regard it as
the Odyssey breaks off to his death. (Euseb. altogether fabulous. During his dictatorship, in
I. c. ) 2. Genealogies, which are frequently re- defiance of the tribunes, he held the comitia for
ferred to by Pausanias (ii. 3. § 7, 18. § 5, iv. 2. the trial of Volscius, through whose evidence his
{ 1, viii. 53. & 2; comp. Schol. ad Ilom. Il. iii. son Caeso had been condeinned, and who was
175), and which must consequently have been ex- charged with false witness. The accused went
tant in A. D. 175. 3. Heracleia ("Hpákmeia), con into voluntary exile. (Dion. Exc. de Sent. 22, p.
taining an account of the adventures of Heracles. 151, ed. R. ; Zonar. vii. 15. ). In B. c. 450 Cin-
(Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. i. 1357. ) 4. Oedipodia cinnatus was an unsuccessful candidate for the
Oidimodia), the adventures of Oedipus, is ascribe office of decemvir. (Liv. iii. 35. ) In the disputes
ed to Cinaethon in an ancient inscription (Heeren, about the law for opening the consulship to the
in Bibl. d. alten Literat, und Kunst, vol. iv. p. 57), plebeians, we find him the advocate of milder mea-
but other authorities speak of the author as un- sures. (Liv. iv. 6. ) In B. C. 439, at the age of
certain. (Paus. ix. 5. & 5; Schol. ad Eurip. eighty, he was a second time appointed dictator to
Phoen. 1760. ) 5. The Lille Iliad ('Iaids uikpa) oppose the alleged machinations of Spurius Maelius.
was also attributed by some to Cinaethon. (Schol. (Liv. iv. 13-15. ) This is the last event recorded
Vat.
750
CIMON.
CIMON.
also from the poets of the time, Crtinus, Melan- | be doubtful. (Comp. Plut. Arist. 25, Then. 24. )
thius, and Archelaus. He seems to have followed The year B. G 466 (according to Clinton ; Krüger
Thucydides, though not very strictly, as a guide in and others persist in placing it earlier) saw the
general, while he filled up the details from the completion of his glory. In the command of the
later historians, perhaps from Theopompus more allied forces on the Asiatic coast he met a Persian
than from Ephorus, whose account, as followed feet of 350 ships, attacked them, captured 200,
probably hy Diodorus (xi. 60), differs materially. and following the fugitives to the shore, by the
He appears to have also used Callisthenes, Cratinus, river Eurymedon, in a second and obstinate en-
Phanodemus, Diodorus Periegetes, Gorgias, and gagement on the same day, routed the land arma-
Nausicrates ; Aristotle, Eupolis, Aristophanes, and ment; indeed, according to Plutarch, he crowned
Critias.
his victory before night by the defcat of a rein-
On the death of Miltiades, probably in B. c. forcement of 80 Phoenician ships. (Plu:. Cim. 12;
489, Cimon, we are told by Diodorus (Excerpta. Thuc. i. 100 ; Diod. xi. 60, with Wesseling's note. )
p. 255), in order to obtain the corpse for burial, His next achievement was the cxpulsion of the
took his father's place in prison till his fine of Persians from the Chersonese, and the subjection
50 talents should be paid. (Miltiades. ] It ap of the territory to Athenis, accompanied perhaps
pears, however, certnin (see Dem. c. Androt. p. with the recovery of his own patrimony. The
603) that the arruía, if not the imprisonment, effect of these victories was doubtless very great;
of the public debtor was legally inherited by they crushed perhaps a last aggressive movement,
the son, and Cornelius Nepos, whose life comes and fixed Persia finally in a defensive position.
in many parts from Theopompus, states the con- In later times it was believed, though on evidence,
finement to have been compulsory. The fine as was shewn by Callisthenes, quite insufficient,
was eventually paid by Callias on his marriage that they had been succeeded by a treaty (the
with Elpinice, Cimon's sister. (Callias, No. 2, famous peace of Cimon) negotiated through Callias,
p. 567, b. ) A more difficult point is the previous and containing in its alleged conditions the most
connexion and even marriage of Cimon with this humiliating concessions. They placed Cimon at
sister or half-sister, which was recorded by nume- the height of his power and glory, the chief of that
rous writers, but after all was very probably the empire which his character had gained for Athens,
scandal of Stesimbrotus and the comedians. (Eupo and which his policy towards the allies was ren-
lis, ap. Plut. Cim. 15, comp. 4; Nepos, Cim. 1; dering daily firmer and completer. Themistocles,
Athen. xiii. p. 589. ) Nor, again, can we very a banished man, may perhaps hare witnessed his
much rely on the statement which Plutarch in- Asiatic triumphs in sorrow; the death of Aristeides
troduces at this time, that he and Themistocles had left him sole possessor of the influence they
vied with each other at the Olympian games in had hitherto jointly exercised : nor had time yet
the splendour of their equipments and banquets. matured the opposition of Pericles. (Plut. Cin. 13,
(Plut. Themist. 5. ) It is more credible that his 14. ) Still the loss of the old friend and the ra-
first occasion of attracting notice and admiration pidly increasing influence of the new opponent
was the forwardness with which, when the city rendered his position precarious.
in B. C. 480 was to be deserted, he led up to The chronology of the events that follow is
the citadel a company of young men to offer henceforth in most points disputed ; according
to the goddess their now unserviceable bridles. to Clinton's view, which cannot hastily be de
(Plut. Cim. 5. ) After the battle of Plataea, serted, the revolt of Thasos took place in 465;
Aristeides brought him forward. They were in 463 Cimon reduced it; in the year interven-
placed together in 477 at the head of the Athenian ing occurred the earthquake and insurrection at
contingent to the Greek armament, under the Sparta, and in consequence, upon Cimon's urgent
supreme command of Pausanias. Cimon shared appeal, one if not two (Plut. Cim. 16; comp.
the glory of transferring that supremacy to Athens, Aristoph. Lysistr. 1137) expeditions were sent
and in the first employment of it reduced the Per- from Athens, under his command, to assist the
sian garrison at Eion, and opened the important Spartans. In these occurrences were found the
district in the neighbourhood for Athenian coloni- means for his humiliation. During the siege of
zation. (Plut. Cim. 6; Herod. vii. 107; Thuc. i. 98; | Thasos, the Athenian colonists on the Strymon
Nepos, Cim. 2; Schol. ad Aesch. de Fals. Leg. p. were cut off by the Thracians, and Cimon seems
755, &c. , ed. Reiske; Clinton, F. H. ii. App. ix. ) to have been expected, after his victory there, to
In honour of this conquest he received from his coun- retrieve this disaster : and, neglecting to do so, he
trymen the distinction, at that time unprecedented, was on his return brought to trial; but the accu-
of having three busts of Hermes erected, inscribed sation of having taken bribes from Alexander of
with triumphal verses, but without mention of the Macedon, was, by Pericles at any rate, not strongly
names of the generals. (Plut. Cim. 6 ; Aesch. c. urged, and the result was an acquittal. The ter-
Ciesip! . p. 573, ed. Reiske. )
p
In 476, apparently mination of his Lacedaemonian policy in the jea-
under his conduct, the piratical Dolopians were lous and insulting dismissal of their Athenian
expelled from Scyros, and a colony planted in their auxiliaries by the Spartans, and the consequent
room ; and the remains of Theseus discovered rupture between the two states was a more serious
there, were thence transported, probably after some blow to his popularity. And the victory of his
years' interval (B. C. 468) with great pomp to opponents was decided when Ephialtes and Peri-
Athens. (Plut. Cim. 8 ; Paus. i. 17. $ 6, iii. 3. $ 6. ) cles, after a serere struggle, carried their measure
The reduction of Carystus and Naxos was, for reducing the authority of the aristocratic Areio-
most likely, effected under bis command (Thuc. i. pagus. Upon this it would seem his ostracism
98); and at this period he was doubtless in war ensued. Soon after its commencement (B. C. 457)
and politics his country's chief citizen. His co- a Lacedaemonian army, probably to meet the views
adjutor at home would be Aristeides ; how far he of a violent section of the defeated party in Athens,
contributed to the banishment of Themistocles may | posted itself at Tanagra. The Athenians advanced
## p. 751 (#771) ############################################
CIMON.
751
CINADON.
a
to meet it : Cimon requested permission to fight | edited in an useful form by Arnold Ekker, Utrecht,
in his place; the generals in suspicion refused : he 1843, in which references will be found to other
departed, begging his own friends to vindicate his illustrative works. )
(A. H. C. ]
character : they, in number a hundred, placed in the CIMON. 1. Or Cleonac, a painter of great
ensuing battle his panoply among them, and fell renown, praised by Pliny (11. N. xxxv. 3+) and
around it to the last man. Before five years of Aclian. (V. II. viii. 8. ) It is difficult to ascer-
his exile were fully out, B. C. 453 or 454, he was tain, from Pliny's obscure words, wherein the
recalled on the motion of Pericles himself; late peculiar merits of Cimon consisted: it is certain,
reverses having inclined the people to tranquillity however, that he was not satisfied with drawing
in Greece, and the democratic leaders perhaps simply the outlines of his figures, such as we sce
being ready, in fear of more unscrupulous oppo- in the oldest painted vases, but that he also repre-
nents, to make concessions to those of them who sented limbs, veins, and the folds of garments.
were patriotic and temperate. He was probably He invented the Catugrapha, that is, not the pro-
employed in effecting the five years' truce with file, according to the common interpretation (Cay-
Sparta which commenced in 450. In the next lus, Mém. de l'Acad. vol. xxv. p. 265), but the
year he sailed out with 200 ships to Cyprus, with various positions of figures, as they appear when
the view of retrieving the late mishaps in Egypt. looking upwards, downwards, and side ways; and
Here, while besieging Citium, illness or the effects he must therefore be considered as the first painter
of a wound carried him off. His forces, while sail of perspective. It would appear from an epigram
ing away with his remains, as if animated by his of Simonides (Anthol. Palat. ix. 758), that he wae
spirit, fell in with and defeated a fleet of Phoeni- a contemporary of Dionysius, and belonged there
cian and Cilician galleys, and added to their naval fore to the 80th Olympiad; but as he was cer-
victory a second over forces on shore. (Plut. Cim. tainly more ancient, Kiuw should in that passage
14–19; Thuc. i. 112; Diod. xi. 64, 86, xii. 3, 4; be changed into Mixwv. (Böttiger, Archäolog. d.
Theopomp. ar. Ephori fragm. ed. Marx, 224. ) Malerei, p. 234, &c. ; Müller, Handb. $ 99. )
Cimon's character (see Plut. Cim. 4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 2. An artist who made ornamented cups.
Peric. 5) is marked by his policy. Exerting himself (Athen. xi. p. 781, e. )
[L. U. ]
to aggrandize Athens, and to centralize in her the CI'NADON (Kivádwr), the chief of a conspiracy
power of the naval confederacy, he still looked against the Spartan peers (© uotol) in the first year
mainly to the humiliation of the common enemy, of Agesilaus 11. (B. C. 398—397. ) This plot ap-
Persia, and had no jealous feeling towards his pears to have arisen out of the increased power of
country's rivals at home. He was always an ad- the ephors, and the more oligarchical character
mirer of Sparta : his words to the people when which the Spartan constitution had by this time
urging the succours in the revolt of the Helots assumed. (Thirlwall's Greece, iv. pp.
373–378;
were, as recorded by Ion (Plut. Cim. 16)“ not to Manso's Sparta, iii. 1, p. 219, &c. ; Wachsmuth,
suffer Greece to be lamed, and Athens to lose its Hellen. Alter. i. 2, pp. 214, 215, 260, 262. ) Cina-
yoke-fellow. ” He is described himself to have don was a young man of personal accomplishment
had something of the Spartan character, being de and courage, but not one of the peers. The de-
ficient in the Athenian points of readiness and sign of his conspiracy was to assassinate all the
quick discernment. He was of a cheerful, convi- peers, in order, as he himself said, “ that he might
vial temper, free and indulgent perhaps rather than have no superior in Lacedaemon. ” The first hint
excessive in his pleasures (PIROTÓTTIS kal duennís, of the existence of the plot was given by a sooth-
Eupolis, ap. Plut. Cim. 15), delighting in achieve- sayer, who was assisting Agesilaus at a sacrifice.
ment for its own sake rather than from ambition. Five days afterwards, a person came to the ephors,
His frankness, affability, and mildness, won over and told them the following story: He had been
the allies from Pausanias; and at home, when the taken, he said, into the agora by Cinadon, who
recovery of his patrimony or his share of spoils had asked him to count the Spartans there. He did
made him rich, his liberality and munificence were so, and found that, including one of the kings, the
unbounded. His orchards and gardens were thrown ephors, the senators, and others, there were less
open; his fellow demesmen (Aristot. ap. Plut. Cim. than forty. " These,” said Cinadon,
10; comp. Cic. de Off. ii. 18 and Theopomp. ap. Athen. your enemies, but the others in the agora, who are
xii. 533) were free daily to his table, and his public more than four thousand, your confederates. " He
bounty verged on ostentation. With the treasure then referred to the like disparity which might be
he brought from Asia the southern wall of the citadel seen in the streets and in the country. The leaders
was built, and at his own private charge the founda- of the conspiracy, Cinadon further told him, were
tion of the long walls to the Peiraeeus, works which few, but trustworthy; but their associates were in
the marshy soil made difficult and expensive, were fact all the Helots, and Neodamodes, and Hypo-
laid down in the most costly and efficient style. meiones, who, if the Spartans were mentioned in
According to the report of lon, the tragic poet, who their presence, were unable to conceal their fern-
as a hoy supped in his company (Plut. Cim. 5, 9), cious hatred towards them. For arms, he added,
he was in person tall and good-looking, and his there were at hand the knives, swords, spits,
hair, which he wore long, thick and curly. He hatchets, and so forth, in the iron market; the
left three sons, Lacedaemonius, Eleus, and Thessa- rustics would use bludgeons and stones, and the
lus, and was, according to one account, married to artificers had each his own tools. Cinadon finally
Isodice, a daughter of Euryptolemus, the cousin of warned him, he said, to keep at home, for the time
Pericles, as also to an Arcadian wife. (Diodorus of action was at band.
Periegetes, ap. Plut. Cim. 16. ) Another record gives Upon hearing this account, the ephors called no
him three more sons, Miltiades, Cimon, and Pei- assembly, but consulted with the senators as they
sianax. (Schol. ad Aristid, iii. p. 515, Dindorf. ) happened to meet them. Cinadon, who had been
(Herod. , Thucyd. ; Plut. Cimon; Nepos, Cimon; at other times employed by the ephers on jinpor.
Diodorus. Plutarci's life of Cimon is separately I tant commissions, was sent to Aulon in Messenia,
account
## p. 752 (#772) ############################################
752
CINCINNATUS.
CINCINNATUS.
:
with orders to take certain persons prisoners ; but | nent of the claims of the plebeians. He was born
secret instructions were given to some young men i about B. C. 519. (Niebuhr, vol. ii. note 927. ) The
who were sent with him, and the choice of whom story of his having been reduced to poverty by the
was so managed as not to excite his suspicions. merciless exaction of the bail forfeited by the right
This step was taken because the ephors were igno- of his son Caeso (Liv. iii, 13) has no foundation.
rant of the number of the conspirators. Accord (Niebuhr, ii. p. 289. ) In B. C. 460 he was ille-
ingly, Cinadon was seized and tortured : letters gally appointed consul suffectus in the room of P.
were sent to Sparta mentioning the persons whom Valerius. (Liv. iii. 19; Niebuhr, ii. p. 295. ) Irri-
he had denounced as his confederates; and it is a tated by the death of his son Caeso, he proposed a
remarkable proof of the formidable character of the most arbitrary attempt to oppose the enactment of
conspiracy that among them was Tisamenus, the the Terentilian law, but the design was abandoned.
boothsayer, a descendant of Tisamenus the Eleian, (Liv. iii. 20, 21. )
who had been admitted to the full franchise. (He- Two years afterwards (B. C. 458), according to
rod. ix. 33. ) Cinadon was then brought to Spartan the common story, Cincinnatus was appointed dic
and he and the other conspirators were led in irons tator, in order to deliver the Roman consul and
through the streets, and scourged as they went, army from the perilous position in which they had
and so they were put to death. (Xen. Hell. iii. 3. been placed by the Aequians. (Plin. H. N. xviii.
$$ 4-11; Aristot. Polit. v. 6. § 2. ) [P. S. ] 4 ; Cic. de Senect. 16, who however refers the story
CINAETHON (Kıvailwv), of Lacedaemon, one to his second dictatorship. ) The story of the man-
of the most fertile of the Cyclic poets, is placed by ner in which he effected this is given by Livy (ni.
Eusebius (Chron. Ol. 3. 4) in B. c. 765. He was 26–29). The inconsistencies and impossibilities
the author of: 1. Telegonia (Tnanyovia), which in the legend have been pointed out by Niebuhr
gave the history of Odysseus from the point where (ii
. pp. 266-269), who is inclined to regard it as
the Odyssey breaks off to his death. (Euseb. altogether fabulous. During his dictatorship, in
I. c. ) 2. Genealogies, which are frequently re- defiance of the tribunes, he held the comitia for
ferred to by Pausanias (ii. 3. § 7, 18. § 5, iv. 2. the trial of Volscius, through whose evidence his
{ 1, viii. 53. & 2; comp. Schol. ad Ilom. Il. iii. son Caeso had been condeinned, and who was
175), and which must consequently have been ex- charged with false witness. The accused went
tant in A. D. 175. 3. Heracleia ("Hpákmeia), con into voluntary exile. (Dion. Exc. de Sent. 22, p.
taining an account of the adventures of Heracles. 151, ed. R. ; Zonar. vii. 15. ). In B. c. 450 Cin-
(Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. i. 1357. ) 4. Oedipodia cinnatus was an unsuccessful candidate for the
Oidimodia), the adventures of Oedipus, is ascribe office of decemvir. (Liv. iii. 35. ) In the disputes
ed to Cinaethon in an ancient inscription (Heeren, about the law for opening the consulship to the
in Bibl. d. alten Literat, und Kunst, vol. iv. p. 57), plebeians, we find him the advocate of milder mea-
but other authorities speak of the author as un- sures. (Liv. iv. 6. ) In B. C. 439, at the age of
certain. (Paus. ix. 5. & 5; Schol. ad Eurip. eighty, he was a second time appointed dictator to
Phoen. 1760. ) 5. The Lille Iliad ('Iaids uikpa) oppose the alleged machinations of Spurius Maelius.
was also attributed by some to Cinaethon. (Schol. (Liv. iv. 13-15. ) This is the last event recorded
Vat.
