On his return he acted as
secretary
of war.
Poland - 1881 - Poets and Poetry of Poland
FASTIDIANA.
183
I've tied this bow," the lady said, " I'll come, --
I'll come indeed. "
He hasten'd back, -- he heard
A blending of strange sounds which struck him dumb;
He enter'd; -- first the primate's form appear'd
Sunk in the canon's arms; -- he look'd around;
Knights, senators, were stretch'd upon the ground,
Two palatines, three barons, -- vanquish'd all
By heat and hunger; tears of anguish fall
Down the parental cheeks; -- his love turn'd cold,
" Ere thou art dress'd," he said, " I shall grow old;
And if to-day thou trifle thus, to-morrow " --
He said no more; but sprung with silent sorrow
Into his car, and fled. Such haste was wrong;
But young men's passions are perverse and strong.
His hurry did no good; -- and those who marry
Should ne'er fall out with things that make them tarry.
Yet a few hours, -- even though impatient, -- he
Had been rewarded. 'Twas exactly three,
Three in the morning, when the lovely lady
Dress'd for the altar -- all adorn'd and ready.
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? 184 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
DMOCHOWSKI.
Francis Xavier Dmochowski was born in the year
1762, in the province of Podlasie. He attended the
school of the fathers Piiars, and in 1778 joined the
order, and was employed as teacher in Radom, ? omz? a,
and Warsaw. He then lived with Ko? lontaj, through
whose influence he obtained a parsonage at Ko? o.
Dmochowski was very active during the great Diet,
and published "The Official Gazette " up to the 1st of
November, 1794. Having left Poland to travel in for-
eign countries he did not return till 1800, when he was
married to an estimable lady, Isabella Mikorska, and
they published during the following five years a liter-
ary review. He translated Homer's "Iliad," Milton's
"Paradise Lost," and Virgil's "iEneid," as also let-
ters and satires of Horace. His funeral oration on the
death of Archbishop Krasicki is one of the finest efforts
of the kind. He died in 1808.
In the year 1826 the miscellaneous writings of
Dmochowski were published at Warsaw in two vol-
umes. Dmochowski has rendered great services to
Polish literature, and in fact he was counted among
the most distinguished writers of the day. His verse
is very smooth and harmonious, and we may justly
add that he greatly contributed toward the spread of
literary knowledge among the masses. He lived long
enough to see several editions of his works, which
serves as a proof of his popularity as a writer of those
days, for he has indeed left an indelible impression
upon the pages of Polish literature. During his whole
life Dmochowski endeavored to be useful in the cause
of literature and. national advancement.
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? DMOCHOWSKI. 185
CRACOW'S ENVIRONS.
Dear to my heart is every spot of earth
On Poland's bosom, where her sons had birth.
For me, on Cracow's fair surroundings fall
A charm, which makes them loveliest of all !
At every turn, where'er the footstep strays,
So many souvenirs arrest the gaze;
So many records of the past which tell
Of Poland's day of glory ere she fell.
CASTLE OF OYCOW.
Ye who have wandered thro' each foreign land
Have marked the Seine and Tiber's silver course,
And raised the eye to Alpine summits grand,
Should ye not blush to seek for beauty's source
In other countries than your own? Behold
Where scenes as beautiful arrest the eyes
In Oycow's groves and forests manifold --
Its river's flow, its rocks that grandly rise !
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? 186 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
MINASOWICZ.
Joseph Dionisius Minasowicz (b. 1798, d. 1849).
In this distinguished litterateur we find two talents com-
bined, which are considered as diametrically opposite
to each other, to wit, Law and Poetry -- a combination
of a similar kind is seldom found in one and the same
individual. While a professor in the University of
Warsaw he was a learned expounder of the history of
the Roman and commercial law, and then again he
appears before the world as an elegant poet and a
translator of Schiller's works, which difficult task he
accomplished most successfully. Many of his fugitive
pieces are written with peculiar correctness of style and
elegance of expression. All of his works were pub-
lished at Leipsic, 1844. Mr. Minasowicz was a man
of refinement, generous disposition, and a profound
scholar.
THE MAIDEN AND THE ROSE.
I the strong resemblance see
Between a blooming rose and thee;
Yet when the charms of both I view
My fancy gives the wreath to you.
The rose its loveliness displays
At most a few short passing days,
Then fades -- as I behold it now,
And it will shortly die. Whilst thou,
The theme of my poetic strain,
Unchanged forever shalt remain !
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? MINASOWICZ. 187
WHAT YOU ARE.
(written when a lad. )
The flower stays in the same place
And hardly moves at all.
Waits for the rain to wet its face,
Till wind the dust makes fall.
But who is blessed with legs can flee,
Swiftly and with power
Can run; so, O God, I thank Thee
I am not a flower.
And animals have legs also,
As our dog has -- our Tray;
But they such converse must forego
As folk may use alway.
Between a goose and sheep tell me
How converse could be brought?
Impossible! I thank Thee, God,
An animal I'm not.
No animal -- a man am I,
Language can hear and heed --
Can send my happy prayer on high,
And also I can read.
My elders know in great degree,
And in a few years' span
I'll be like them. God, I thank Thee
That I was born a man!
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? 188 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
FELIN? SKI.
Aloizy Felsin? ki, the celebrated translator of De-
lille, left after him a historical drama entitled " Barbara
Radziwi? ," the appearance of which awakened a desire
in all the poets of that time to study history. This
famous drama was rendered with such great adherence
to historical truth, such consummate knowledge of man-
ners, customs, and traditions, that it created the great-
est admiration in the public mind. Felin? ski was a poet
who was capable of infusing into his Tragedy of Bar-
bara more nationality than any of his contemporaries.
On that account Barbara Radziwi? will ever remain a
lasting monument of Polish literature. He was also the
author of a "Dissertation on Orthography," In his epoch
Felin? ski was considered as the brightest literary star.
Felin? ski was born in 1771, at Luck, in the province
of Volhynia. He went to school in Dombrowice, estab-
lished by the Order of Piiars, and in 1790 became an
intimate friend of Thaddeus Czacki, the great friend of
learning. In the revolution of Kos? ciuszko he was that
chieftain's aid. After the war he spent some time in
Germany, and on his return to Poland he settled in the
village of Osow, where he resided till 1815. In that
year he came to Warsaw, where he was called to the
professorship of literature. In 1819 he became the
director of the Lyceum of Krzemieniec, as also the
professor of literature. He died in 1820.
POLISH NATIONAL HYMN.
"BOZ? E COS? POLSKE? . "
Lord, thou hast to Poland lent thy might,
And with a Father's strong, protecting hand
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? FELIN? SKI. 189
Hast given fame and all its glory bright,
And through long ages saved our fatherland.
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again !
Thou who in Nature's deepest gloom inspired
The strife to save the holy cause from shame,
The world's esteem for our brave deeds desired,
And filled it with our glory and our fame.
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again !
Renew, O Lord, we pray, her old renown!
Make rich her soil,-- life to her fields convey,
With happiness and peace our future crown;
O angry God, grant us this boon we pray!
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again!
Not long our freedom has been lost, but flows
In rivers, blood which heroes' hearts outpour;
How bitter, then, the sufferings of those
Whose liberty is lost forevermore!
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again !
O gracious Lord! whose mighty hand doth hold
The scales of justice o'er world's rulers vain,
Crush out unholy aims of tyrants bold
And hope awake in our poor souls again.
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again!
Thou, holy Lord ! thy wond'rous might we praise,
Oh may it freedom's blissful sun restore,
On Polish soil the tower of peace upraise
Which foes shall tremble and recoil before!
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again!
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? 190 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
Lord ! who rules o'er all the wide world hath,
At thy command we raised from dust may be;
If in the future we deserve thy wrath
Turn us to dust -- but let that dust be free !
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
Lord, make the land of our love free again!
FROM THE TRAGEDY OF BARBARA RADZIWI? .
Isabella, Sister op Sigismund Augustus, to Boratyn? ski.
Yes, she has all my friendship, I glory in that truth,
She was a most beloved companion of my youth ;
When I felt life a burden and fainted 'neath its weight,
She was the first to show me life's joys were also great.
When the czar with all the power of the East and North
To blot out the Polish Nation drew his dread sword forth,
Her sire hastening to his post at the army's head,
To Lithuania's frontiers whence his duty led,
To risk the doubtful issue of a battle, all knew
Must be fierce and final, in my presence bade adieu
To Sigismund, the king, and these were the words he said:
" 'Tis Victory or Death, freely shall my blood be shed
For thee and for my country a grateful offering,
And thou shalt soon behold me a conqueror, my king,
Or thou wilt never see me outside the land of souls,
My lips shall never tell thee of the defeat of Poles;
But let my only daughter, this favor I would crave --
With no one to protect her, -- her mother in the grave, --
When her father, too, is lost, a father find in thee. "
Alas! the dreadful stroke, which he seemed then to foresee
Fell heavily upon him, that warrior true and tried,
He went, he fought with valor, he conquered, and he died.
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? KROPLXSKI. 191
KEOPINSKI
Louis Kropixski is placed in the first rank of Polish
poets principally because of his authorship of the trag-
edy "Ludgarda," the incidents of which were founded
upon fiction instead of historical truth. Yet it is so
well written that it was compared with Barbara Radzi-
wi? of Felin? ski. It contains indeed many beautiful
passages, but. on the whole, it reminds one that it is
an imitation of French tragedies. At this present
time, aside from fine poetic verses, it has no value.
In its own time, however, it caused a great sensation
on account of its powerful dramatic effect.
He is also the author of a novel, "Julia and
Adolph. or Extraordinary Love of Two Young People
on the Bank of the River Dniester. " In this novel it
was the purpose of the author to show that the Polish
language was capable of equal harmony and expres-
sions of the most delicate shades" of feeling with any
French production of a similar kind. He also com-
posed many beautiful fugitive pieces.
Kropiiiski was born in Lithuania in 1767. During
the reign of Stanislaus Augustus he entered the mili-
tary service, and as a lieutenant-colonel participated in
the battle of Maciejowice in 1794, and received in that
memorable battle thirteen wounds. After that event
he went to Italy, and as a true connoisseur he collected
many valuable works of art. and brought them to Po-
land.
On his return he acted as secretary of war. In
1812 he was named general of brigade, and soon after
advanced to the rank of a general of division. After
the end of the war he married, and gave himself up
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? 192 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
entirely to domestic life. He was honored with the
friendship of Thaddeus Czacki, and made inspector of
schools and colleges. He was also a distinguished
member of the ' ' Society of the Friends of Learning "
in Warsaw. Ten years before his death he became
blind, and died in 1844. His "Ludgarda," written in
1809, was brought out on the stage in 1816. It was
translated into German by Melish and Pol de Pollen-
burg (brother of the poet Yincent Pol). Goethe gave
a flattering opinion of ' ' Ludgarda. " All of Kropinski's
writings were published at Lemberg in 1844.
HUMAN LIFE.
As by eternal decree,
Four seasons in the year there be,
So has a man --
Four seasons in life's span.
In the spring,
Fearless and rejoicing --
We bask in youth's glad beam ;
Our eagle souls are like the birds:
We sing, we soar, we fly,
Ever loftier and more high --
And in this joyful career,
Sweeping through life on rapid wing,
At errors of our sires we sneer --
But into the same traps we spring!
For youth has many a trap and net,
Crags and lures its path beset.
In summer, too, it still is pleasant.
With beams divine,
When the bloom is most bountiful,
The moon does shine --
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? KROPIN? SKI. 193
Far o'er,
We soar --
But not so fleet
During the heat:
Begin we then the shade to prize,
Within whose depths experience lies.
In autumn,
Less bright the fields of green become --
Leaves grow sere, and fall here and thither,
And with them our hopes begin to wither.
No longer gaily do we sing;
And tears at times bedim the eye.
Still later -- 'though the sun shines high,
And upon its rays at times
Sends a breath of balmy climes ;
That breath reminds us of the spring,
But ah, it is no more the same thing!
The memory of those vanished days
Whispers: " We ne'er will come again! "
This thought a poignant torture has:
No longer we do soar and sweep,
But oft, alas! in silence weep.
But even that season chimes
With pleasantness at times.
It is a sort of " talking matters over,"
The Past, and what future time does cover;
Chatting with friends, prospects and aims,
This or that, the heart most dearly claims.
At last the winter reigns,
Nature is held in frosty chains,
And the white grass-plots
Glisten with diamond dots,
As if to amuse children.
13
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? 194 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
But then, we can't so easily be beguiled,
Since unlike in the spring, summer and autumn,
By growth of green forgotten,
Life to death seems reconciled.
We begin to complain of the present,
And only the Past we call pleasant --
We prate,
And ruminate;
Our senses we can scarce employ,
Like hours the moments slowly ebb;
And like a spider from its web,
From stuff of flimsy make,
Which any little wind may break,
We draw our joy!
We exist only by a fear
Lest something should break -- ?
We know not which course to steer,
Uncertain which road to take.
Where are we to live? what does await?
Thus by the eternal decree,
Man's stay on earth does terminate;
In life's fourth goes he.
And in his journey woe betide
Who to the realms of endless bliss
Has not pure conscience
For a guide!
A FRAGMENT FROM HIS ELEGY ON HEDWIGE,
QUEEN OF POLAND.
Too soon she drained the cup of bitterness,
Though her life's op'ning days seemed born to bless;
And with a sadness sweet she bore each bitter grief,
Religion was her shield, pure conscience her relief.
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? osin? ski. 195
OSIN? SKI.
Louis Osin? ski was not only a superior poet, but also
a learned litterateur and a distinguished orator. He
was born in the province of Podlasie in 1775, and
received the first rudiments of education at the insti-
tution of Piiars, at ? omz? a, where he endeavored to
fit himself for the profession of a teacher. Unfavor-
able circumstances, however, connected with political
changes in Poland, changed also his purpose in that
respect. But he was always industrious, and never
slacked in his literary pursuits.
During the Prussian government of that part of the
country he published a volume of poetry which was
well received by the public. But the poetical field was
not the only one he traveled. He acquired great fame
as an orator. His legal argument delivered before the
high court in defense of Col. Siemianowski was not
only very learned, but also one of the most eloquent
efforts of the day. Another effort of Osin? ski -- "Eulogy
on Xavier Dmochowski," a distinguished Polish poet
-- delivered before the society of "Friends of Learn-
ing," only increased his fame as a national orator. His.
command and skill in the effective use of the Polish
language was considered as something extraordinary.
When he lectured on literature hundreds, and we may
say thousands, of the most refined and learned people
listened to him with admiration.
During the existence of the "Duchy of Warsaw " he
was called into the public service as a secretary in the
department of justice, and subsequently as chief clerk
of the court of Cassation. In 1818 he was chosen as
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? 196 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
a professor of literature in the University of Warsaw.
Osin? ski also published a literary journal with a Latin
motto: " Omnes tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci "
(Containing all the points -- the useful with the pleas-
ant).
His poetical compositions and translations of dramas
and comedies, together with his lectures on literature
and his eloquent orations, were published at Warsaw
in 1861 and 1862. He died in 1838.
IN PRAISE OF COPERNICUS.
The highest sphere of mortal glory lies
In power to read the heavenly signs aright.
My song is worthy of Olympian height
To speed its flight. Urania, arise!
The fickle power of man to me is known --
Such little grandeur I unworthy deem.
My thought upreaches to the 'star-girt throne.
I sing Copernicus -- the world my theme !
ii.
Free from earth's fetters, following on his track
I from unerring starry ways look back
And measure nature's breadth. In air upheld
These bodies by mysterious powers propelled
Roll on, ascend, attract, and then revolve,
The one grand end harmoniously to solve.
Shall I not reach at last where Deity
Himself, an august presence, guardeth space,
A. nd holds the countless worlds unweariedly
Within his bosom -- their abiding place !
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? OSIN? SKI. 197
III.
Insolent man, and perishable race!
Dust raised by pride which called the heavens its own,
And deemed that nature's aim likewise was base --
To grasp all worlds, and rear to self a throne!
O Men, mistaken, and of judgment blind!
Hath not the world recorded age on age
To man unknown, where failed the clear-eyed sage
To fathom God's unfathomable mind!
iv.
" Must we for all high knowledge vainly pray
To Thee, O God, whose omnipotence lies
Veiled in these outspread heaven's immensities?
Rend thou from them the veiling clouds away!
Show us thy wonders! Man, though frail he be,
Moved by Thy spirit, grows more like to Thee! "
Thus spoke one man -- not having any thought
Of what the envious night withheld from us.
Thus, after lapse of ages that had wrought
Their work in darkness -- came Copernicus.
Even as the power of the creating word
To nature's shapeless germs gave life and force
While all the listening void of chaos stirred,
And moved to music in harmonious course,
So in the gloom by ages darkly shed,
Kindled by Thee, Copernicus, a spark
Of truth arose -- by no illusion bred --
To overcome the world's abysmal dark!
vi.
'Twas night. The pale and queenly moon arose.
Man slept, forgetful of his troubled days.
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? 198 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
All earthly creatures breathed a calm repose
Save one alone, who watched with upturned gaze
From where the Baltic's welcoming shore outspread
The wondrous course of planets overhead.
Never had he beheld so grand a sight!
On him a sense of glory seemed to smite.
O hour supreme! O soul-inspiring thought!
To crush the error by the ages wrought.
sudden change! Is it but nature's power
Revealing all these mysteries to his sight,
Or changes order with the changing hour?
Does God unseal his eyes to read aright?
The eternal structure shines resplendently,
Its secret workings to his gaze revealed --
More wondrous in their grand simplicity
Than in their vast immensity of field.
VIII.
From the unending, in a moment's space
Nature to fairer form and stature grew.
Behold, ye shades immortal! from your place,
How man's exploring mind creates anew !
O Mind, that sought creation's bound to span !
What thoughts enchained thee -- what emotions fired
When nature's triumph, joined to that of man,
Placed thee on heights to which thy soul aspired!
Science! thy power o'er nature reaches wide --
Brings close the worlds that distance separates --
And gives to dust the fashions that abide.
Strength and perfection on its presence waits,
And through thy skill, as by enchantment swayed,
The multitude of forms around us change.
Yet sought Copernicus of thee no aid --
His skill and vision took a higher range.
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? OSIN? SKI. 199
His were the inner forces that unite
To break all fetters -- his the power to soar
Beyond this world of sense in upward flight
To conquer all unconquerable lore !
Higher he reached than any. of his race,
And the grand problems over which he wrought
Shall in all after ages take their place
But as the consummation of his thought.
ix.
As wreck and ruin leave their trace behind
When hurricanes, that sweep in fury blind,
Level and overthrow with fearful shock
Both fragile structure and unyielding rock,
So ruin marks the ages in their flight.
Races are born and perish from the earth.
Earth changes form before the wondering sight,
Her old achievements grown of little worth.
But thou, Copernicus! whose living fame
Becomes our glory -- thou shalt conquer Time,
While the unnumbered ages bear thy name
Into eternities that roll sublime!
And while the Pole around which planets flame
Performs the ponderous task by thee foreseen,
Thine own remembered -- fills the space between!
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I've tied this bow," the lady said, " I'll come, --
I'll come indeed. "
He hasten'd back, -- he heard
A blending of strange sounds which struck him dumb;
He enter'd; -- first the primate's form appear'd
Sunk in the canon's arms; -- he look'd around;
Knights, senators, were stretch'd upon the ground,
Two palatines, three barons, -- vanquish'd all
By heat and hunger; tears of anguish fall
Down the parental cheeks; -- his love turn'd cold,
" Ere thou art dress'd," he said, " I shall grow old;
And if to-day thou trifle thus, to-morrow " --
He said no more; but sprung with silent sorrow
Into his car, and fled. Such haste was wrong;
But young men's passions are perverse and strong.
His hurry did no good; -- and those who marry
Should ne'er fall out with things that make them tarry.
Yet a few hours, -- even though impatient, -- he
Had been rewarded. 'Twas exactly three,
Three in the morning, when the lovely lady
Dress'd for the altar -- all adorn'd and ready.
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? 184 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
DMOCHOWSKI.
Francis Xavier Dmochowski was born in the year
1762, in the province of Podlasie. He attended the
school of the fathers Piiars, and in 1778 joined the
order, and was employed as teacher in Radom, ? omz? a,
and Warsaw. He then lived with Ko? lontaj, through
whose influence he obtained a parsonage at Ko? o.
Dmochowski was very active during the great Diet,
and published "The Official Gazette " up to the 1st of
November, 1794. Having left Poland to travel in for-
eign countries he did not return till 1800, when he was
married to an estimable lady, Isabella Mikorska, and
they published during the following five years a liter-
ary review. He translated Homer's "Iliad," Milton's
"Paradise Lost," and Virgil's "iEneid," as also let-
ters and satires of Horace. His funeral oration on the
death of Archbishop Krasicki is one of the finest efforts
of the kind. He died in 1808.
In the year 1826 the miscellaneous writings of
Dmochowski were published at Warsaw in two vol-
umes. Dmochowski has rendered great services to
Polish literature, and in fact he was counted among
the most distinguished writers of the day. His verse
is very smooth and harmonious, and we may justly
add that he greatly contributed toward the spread of
literary knowledge among the masses. He lived long
enough to see several editions of his works, which
serves as a proof of his popularity as a writer of those
days, for he has indeed left an indelible impression
upon the pages of Polish literature. During his whole
life Dmochowski endeavored to be useful in the cause
of literature and. national advancement.
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? DMOCHOWSKI. 185
CRACOW'S ENVIRONS.
Dear to my heart is every spot of earth
On Poland's bosom, where her sons had birth.
For me, on Cracow's fair surroundings fall
A charm, which makes them loveliest of all !
At every turn, where'er the footstep strays,
So many souvenirs arrest the gaze;
So many records of the past which tell
Of Poland's day of glory ere she fell.
CASTLE OF OYCOW.
Ye who have wandered thro' each foreign land
Have marked the Seine and Tiber's silver course,
And raised the eye to Alpine summits grand,
Should ye not blush to seek for beauty's source
In other countries than your own? Behold
Where scenes as beautiful arrest the eyes
In Oycow's groves and forests manifold --
Its river's flow, its rocks that grandly rise !
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? 186 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
MINASOWICZ.
Joseph Dionisius Minasowicz (b. 1798, d. 1849).
In this distinguished litterateur we find two talents com-
bined, which are considered as diametrically opposite
to each other, to wit, Law and Poetry -- a combination
of a similar kind is seldom found in one and the same
individual. While a professor in the University of
Warsaw he was a learned expounder of the history of
the Roman and commercial law, and then again he
appears before the world as an elegant poet and a
translator of Schiller's works, which difficult task he
accomplished most successfully. Many of his fugitive
pieces are written with peculiar correctness of style and
elegance of expression. All of his works were pub-
lished at Leipsic, 1844. Mr. Minasowicz was a man
of refinement, generous disposition, and a profound
scholar.
THE MAIDEN AND THE ROSE.
I the strong resemblance see
Between a blooming rose and thee;
Yet when the charms of both I view
My fancy gives the wreath to you.
The rose its loveliness displays
At most a few short passing days,
Then fades -- as I behold it now,
And it will shortly die. Whilst thou,
The theme of my poetic strain,
Unchanged forever shalt remain !
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? MINASOWICZ. 187
WHAT YOU ARE.
(written when a lad. )
The flower stays in the same place
And hardly moves at all.
Waits for the rain to wet its face,
Till wind the dust makes fall.
But who is blessed with legs can flee,
Swiftly and with power
Can run; so, O God, I thank Thee
I am not a flower.
And animals have legs also,
As our dog has -- our Tray;
But they such converse must forego
As folk may use alway.
Between a goose and sheep tell me
How converse could be brought?
Impossible! I thank Thee, God,
An animal I'm not.
No animal -- a man am I,
Language can hear and heed --
Can send my happy prayer on high,
And also I can read.
My elders know in great degree,
And in a few years' span
I'll be like them. God, I thank Thee
That I was born a man!
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? 188 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
FELIN? SKI.
Aloizy Felsin? ki, the celebrated translator of De-
lille, left after him a historical drama entitled " Barbara
Radziwi? ," the appearance of which awakened a desire
in all the poets of that time to study history. This
famous drama was rendered with such great adherence
to historical truth, such consummate knowledge of man-
ners, customs, and traditions, that it created the great-
est admiration in the public mind. Felin? ski was a poet
who was capable of infusing into his Tragedy of Bar-
bara more nationality than any of his contemporaries.
On that account Barbara Radziwi? will ever remain a
lasting monument of Polish literature. He was also the
author of a "Dissertation on Orthography," In his epoch
Felin? ski was considered as the brightest literary star.
Felin? ski was born in 1771, at Luck, in the province
of Volhynia. He went to school in Dombrowice, estab-
lished by the Order of Piiars, and in 1790 became an
intimate friend of Thaddeus Czacki, the great friend of
learning. In the revolution of Kos? ciuszko he was that
chieftain's aid. After the war he spent some time in
Germany, and on his return to Poland he settled in the
village of Osow, where he resided till 1815. In that
year he came to Warsaw, where he was called to the
professorship of literature. In 1819 he became the
director of the Lyceum of Krzemieniec, as also the
professor of literature. He died in 1820.
POLISH NATIONAL HYMN.
"BOZ? E COS? POLSKE? . "
Lord, thou hast to Poland lent thy might,
And with a Father's strong, protecting hand
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? FELIN? SKI. 189
Hast given fame and all its glory bright,
And through long ages saved our fatherland.
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again !
Thou who in Nature's deepest gloom inspired
The strife to save the holy cause from shame,
The world's esteem for our brave deeds desired,
And filled it with our glory and our fame.
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again !
Renew, O Lord, we pray, her old renown!
Make rich her soil,-- life to her fields convey,
With happiness and peace our future crown;
O angry God, grant us this boon we pray!
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again!
Not long our freedom has been lost, but flows
In rivers, blood which heroes' hearts outpour;
How bitter, then, the sufferings of those
Whose liberty is lost forevermore!
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again !
O gracious Lord! whose mighty hand doth hold
The scales of justice o'er world's rulers vain,
Crush out unholy aims of tyrants bold
And hope awake in our poor souls again.
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again!
Thou, holy Lord ! thy wond'rous might we praise,
Oh may it freedom's blissful sun restore,
On Polish soil the tower of peace upraise
Which foes shall tremble and recoil before!
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
O Lord, make the land of our love free again!
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? 190 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
Lord ! who rules o'er all the wide world hath,
At thy command we raised from dust may be;
If in the future we deserve thy wrath
Turn us to dust -- but let that dust be free !
We chant at thy altars our humble strain,
Lord, make the land of our love free again!
FROM THE TRAGEDY OF BARBARA RADZIWI? .
Isabella, Sister op Sigismund Augustus, to Boratyn? ski.
Yes, she has all my friendship, I glory in that truth,
She was a most beloved companion of my youth ;
When I felt life a burden and fainted 'neath its weight,
She was the first to show me life's joys were also great.
When the czar with all the power of the East and North
To blot out the Polish Nation drew his dread sword forth,
Her sire hastening to his post at the army's head,
To Lithuania's frontiers whence his duty led,
To risk the doubtful issue of a battle, all knew
Must be fierce and final, in my presence bade adieu
To Sigismund, the king, and these were the words he said:
" 'Tis Victory or Death, freely shall my blood be shed
For thee and for my country a grateful offering,
And thou shalt soon behold me a conqueror, my king,
Or thou wilt never see me outside the land of souls,
My lips shall never tell thee of the defeat of Poles;
But let my only daughter, this favor I would crave --
With no one to protect her, -- her mother in the grave, --
When her father, too, is lost, a father find in thee. "
Alas! the dreadful stroke, which he seemed then to foresee
Fell heavily upon him, that warrior true and tried,
He went, he fought with valor, he conquered, and he died.
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? KROPLXSKI. 191
KEOPINSKI
Louis Kropixski is placed in the first rank of Polish
poets principally because of his authorship of the trag-
edy "Ludgarda," the incidents of which were founded
upon fiction instead of historical truth. Yet it is so
well written that it was compared with Barbara Radzi-
wi? of Felin? ski. It contains indeed many beautiful
passages, but. on the whole, it reminds one that it is
an imitation of French tragedies. At this present
time, aside from fine poetic verses, it has no value.
In its own time, however, it caused a great sensation
on account of its powerful dramatic effect.
He is also the author of a novel, "Julia and
Adolph. or Extraordinary Love of Two Young People
on the Bank of the River Dniester. " In this novel it
was the purpose of the author to show that the Polish
language was capable of equal harmony and expres-
sions of the most delicate shades" of feeling with any
French production of a similar kind. He also com-
posed many beautiful fugitive pieces.
Kropiiiski was born in Lithuania in 1767. During
the reign of Stanislaus Augustus he entered the mili-
tary service, and as a lieutenant-colonel participated in
the battle of Maciejowice in 1794, and received in that
memorable battle thirteen wounds. After that event
he went to Italy, and as a true connoisseur he collected
many valuable works of art. and brought them to Po-
land.
On his return he acted as secretary of war. In
1812 he was named general of brigade, and soon after
advanced to the rank of a general of division. After
the end of the war he married, and gave himself up
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? 192 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
entirely to domestic life. He was honored with the
friendship of Thaddeus Czacki, and made inspector of
schools and colleges. He was also a distinguished
member of the ' ' Society of the Friends of Learning "
in Warsaw. Ten years before his death he became
blind, and died in 1844. His "Ludgarda," written in
1809, was brought out on the stage in 1816. It was
translated into German by Melish and Pol de Pollen-
burg (brother of the poet Yincent Pol). Goethe gave
a flattering opinion of ' ' Ludgarda. " All of Kropinski's
writings were published at Lemberg in 1844.
HUMAN LIFE.
As by eternal decree,
Four seasons in the year there be,
So has a man --
Four seasons in life's span.
In the spring,
Fearless and rejoicing --
We bask in youth's glad beam ;
Our eagle souls are like the birds:
We sing, we soar, we fly,
Ever loftier and more high --
And in this joyful career,
Sweeping through life on rapid wing,
At errors of our sires we sneer --
But into the same traps we spring!
For youth has many a trap and net,
Crags and lures its path beset.
In summer, too, it still is pleasant.
With beams divine,
When the bloom is most bountiful,
The moon does shine --
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? KROPIN? SKI. 193
Far o'er,
We soar --
But not so fleet
During the heat:
Begin we then the shade to prize,
Within whose depths experience lies.
In autumn,
Less bright the fields of green become --
Leaves grow sere, and fall here and thither,
And with them our hopes begin to wither.
No longer gaily do we sing;
And tears at times bedim the eye.
Still later -- 'though the sun shines high,
And upon its rays at times
Sends a breath of balmy climes ;
That breath reminds us of the spring,
But ah, it is no more the same thing!
The memory of those vanished days
Whispers: " We ne'er will come again! "
This thought a poignant torture has:
No longer we do soar and sweep,
But oft, alas! in silence weep.
But even that season chimes
With pleasantness at times.
It is a sort of " talking matters over,"
The Past, and what future time does cover;
Chatting with friends, prospects and aims,
This or that, the heart most dearly claims.
At last the winter reigns,
Nature is held in frosty chains,
And the white grass-plots
Glisten with diamond dots,
As if to amuse children.
13
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? 194 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
But then, we can't so easily be beguiled,
Since unlike in the spring, summer and autumn,
By growth of green forgotten,
Life to death seems reconciled.
We begin to complain of the present,
And only the Past we call pleasant --
We prate,
And ruminate;
Our senses we can scarce employ,
Like hours the moments slowly ebb;
And like a spider from its web,
From stuff of flimsy make,
Which any little wind may break,
We draw our joy!
We exist only by a fear
Lest something should break -- ?
We know not which course to steer,
Uncertain which road to take.
Where are we to live? what does await?
Thus by the eternal decree,
Man's stay on earth does terminate;
In life's fourth goes he.
And in his journey woe betide
Who to the realms of endless bliss
Has not pure conscience
For a guide!
A FRAGMENT FROM HIS ELEGY ON HEDWIGE,
QUEEN OF POLAND.
Too soon she drained the cup of bitterness,
Though her life's op'ning days seemed born to bless;
And with a sadness sweet she bore each bitter grief,
Religion was her shield, pure conscience her relief.
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? osin? ski. 195
OSIN? SKI.
Louis Osin? ski was not only a superior poet, but also
a learned litterateur and a distinguished orator. He
was born in the province of Podlasie in 1775, and
received the first rudiments of education at the insti-
tution of Piiars, at ? omz? a, where he endeavored to
fit himself for the profession of a teacher. Unfavor-
able circumstances, however, connected with political
changes in Poland, changed also his purpose in that
respect. But he was always industrious, and never
slacked in his literary pursuits.
During the Prussian government of that part of the
country he published a volume of poetry which was
well received by the public. But the poetical field was
not the only one he traveled. He acquired great fame
as an orator. His legal argument delivered before the
high court in defense of Col. Siemianowski was not
only very learned, but also one of the most eloquent
efforts of the day. Another effort of Osin? ski -- "Eulogy
on Xavier Dmochowski," a distinguished Polish poet
-- delivered before the society of "Friends of Learn-
ing," only increased his fame as a national orator. His.
command and skill in the effective use of the Polish
language was considered as something extraordinary.
When he lectured on literature hundreds, and we may
say thousands, of the most refined and learned people
listened to him with admiration.
During the existence of the "Duchy of Warsaw " he
was called into the public service as a secretary in the
department of justice, and subsequently as chief clerk
of the court of Cassation. In 1818 he was chosen as
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? 196 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
a professor of literature in the University of Warsaw.
Osin? ski also published a literary journal with a Latin
motto: " Omnes tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci "
(Containing all the points -- the useful with the pleas-
ant).
His poetical compositions and translations of dramas
and comedies, together with his lectures on literature
and his eloquent orations, were published at Warsaw
in 1861 and 1862. He died in 1838.
IN PRAISE OF COPERNICUS.
The highest sphere of mortal glory lies
In power to read the heavenly signs aright.
My song is worthy of Olympian height
To speed its flight. Urania, arise!
The fickle power of man to me is known --
Such little grandeur I unworthy deem.
My thought upreaches to the 'star-girt throne.
I sing Copernicus -- the world my theme !
ii.
Free from earth's fetters, following on his track
I from unerring starry ways look back
And measure nature's breadth. In air upheld
These bodies by mysterious powers propelled
Roll on, ascend, attract, and then revolve,
The one grand end harmoniously to solve.
Shall I not reach at last where Deity
Himself, an august presence, guardeth space,
A. nd holds the countless worlds unweariedly
Within his bosom -- their abiding place !
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? OSIN? SKI. 197
III.
Insolent man, and perishable race!
Dust raised by pride which called the heavens its own,
And deemed that nature's aim likewise was base --
To grasp all worlds, and rear to self a throne!
O Men, mistaken, and of judgment blind!
Hath not the world recorded age on age
To man unknown, where failed the clear-eyed sage
To fathom God's unfathomable mind!
iv.
" Must we for all high knowledge vainly pray
To Thee, O God, whose omnipotence lies
Veiled in these outspread heaven's immensities?
Rend thou from them the veiling clouds away!
Show us thy wonders! Man, though frail he be,
Moved by Thy spirit, grows more like to Thee! "
Thus spoke one man -- not having any thought
Of what the envious night withheld from us.
Thus, after lapse of ages that had wrought
Their work in darkness -- came Copernicus.
Even as the power of the creating word
To nature's shapeless germs gave life and force
While all the listening void of chaos stirred,
And moved to music in harmonious course,
So in the gloom by ages darkly shed,
Kindled by Thee, Copernicus, a spark
Of truth arose -- by no illusion bred --
To overcome the world's abysmal dark!
vi.
'Twas night. The pale and queenly moon arose.
Man slept, forgetful of his troubled days.
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? 198 POETS AND POETRY OF POLAND.
All earthly creatures breathed a calm repose
Save one alone, who watched with upturned gaze
From where the Baltic's welcoming shore outspread
The wondrous course of planets overhead.
Never had he beheld so grand a sight!
On him a sense of glory seemed to smite.
O hour supreme! O soul-inspiring thought!
To crush the error by the ages wrought.
sudden change! Is it but nature's power
Revealing all these mysteries to his sight,
Or changes order with the changing hour?
Does God unseal his eyes to read aright?
The eternal structure shines resplendently,
Its secret workings to his gaze revealed --
More wondrous in their grand simplicity
Than in their vast immensity of field.
VIII.
From the unending, in a moment's space
Nature to fairer form and stature grew.
Behold, ye shades immortal! from your place,
How man's exploring mind creates anew !
O Mind, that sought creation's bound to span !
What thoughts enchained thee -- what emotions fired
When nature's triumph, joined to that of man,
Placed thee on heights to which thy soul aspired!
Science! thy power o'er nature reaches wide --
Brings close the worlds that distance separates --
And gives to dust the fashions that abide.
Strength and perfection on its presence waits,
And through thy skill, as by enchantment swayed,
The multitude of forms around us change.
Yet sought Copernicus of thee no aid --
His skill and vision took a higher range.
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? OSIN? SKI. 199
His were the inner forces that unite
To break all fetters -- his the power to soar
Beyond this world of sense in upward flight
To conquer all unconquerable lore !
Higher he reached than any. of his race,
And the grand problems over which he wrought
Shall in all after ages take their place
But as the consummation of his thought.
ix.
As wreck and ruin leave their trace behind
When hurricanes, that sweep in fury blind,
Level and overthrow with fearful shock
Both fragile structure and unyielding rock,
So ruin marks the ages in their flight.
Races are born and perish from the earth.
Earth changes form before the wondering sight,
Her old achievements grown of little worth.
But thou, Copernicus! whose living fame
Becomes our glory -- thou shalt conquer Time,
While the unnumbered ages bear thy name
Into eternities that roll sublime!
And while the Pole around which planets flame
Performs the ponderous task by thee foreseen,
Thine own remembered -- fills the space between!
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