No More Learning

But your lordship slack such matters, that removeth false images and idols abused doth not thing worthy blame. —Christ
rule and govern them, as he whom both in peace
and war we acknowledge our most natural and
chiefest head, ruler and governor. If it were
St. George, my lord, where is his spear and
dragon And why should the inscription round called not the money, having Caesar's image
about tell an untruth, and not agree to the
idol, when was used lawful uses, and pay the due tribute withal. But when
image Yet it is called sometimes so of the
rude and ignorant people; but not by and by,
that, that is commonly called so, is always money his neighbour good and the com
truest. And some have thought that by like deceiving, as your lordship herein appeareth to have been deceived, the image of Bellerophon
monwealth service, saint Paul, Christ's disciple, called that covetousness, and the serving and bondage idols. that even money may
idolatry, we make too much those images which Christ here doth not reprehend.
or Perseus was turned first and appointed to
be St. George, and of Polyphemus, of Hercules,
or of some other Colossus, to be St. Christo There be some so ticklish and so fearful one
pher, because authentical histories have not ways, and tender stomached, that they can fully proved their two lives. But those be in abide no old abuses reformed, but think different to be true or not true, either thus in every reformation capital enterprise vented upon some devise, or rising of a true fact against religion and good order: there
or history, and whether it were true or not, it on the contrary side some too rash, who having maketh no great matter. —It were hardly done consideration what done, headlong indeed, my lord, if that you, and a few which will set upon every thing. The magistrate's can read, should take away from the unlearned duty betwixt these, mean see and multitude their books of their images: but it provide that old doting should not take further were more hardly done, if that you or a few deeper rust the commonwealth, neither which can read in one or two languages, (as ancient error overcome the seen and tried truth
Greek and Latin) the word of God, and have nor long abuse, for the age and space time had thereby many reliefs and privileges, should only, still suffered and yet these with pull away the English books from the rest quietness and gentleness, and without con which only understand English ; and would tention, were possible,
have only your letters of Greek and Latin in To the which your lordship,
estimation, and bind all them, which under God hath given great qualities
stand not these languages, from the knowledge and persuasion, could bring great help and fur of God's word. And indeed, my lord, by your therance, were your pleasure, with great saying, they have just occasion to suspect what thanks of men and reward of God. The which is meant. —What you mean by true images and thing our full desire and purpose, and our false images, it is not so easy to perceive. If hearty and daily prayer God, that the they be only false images, which have nothing king's majesty's time, whose majesty's reign that they represent, as St. Paul writeth, An God preserve, abuses with wisdom reformed,
man doth not use those images graven
idol is nothing, because there is no such god, and therefore the cross can be no false image, because it is true that Christ suffered upon it : then the image of the sun and the moon were no idols, for such things there be as the sun and the moon, and they were in the image then so represented, as painting and carving doth represent them. And the image of Ninus and Cesar, and (as some write) the images of
the chosen gods (as they called them)
were the images once living men. And
might said that the image God the Father
hath such eyes, nose, lips, and long grey
beard, with furred robe, nor ever had, they
carve and paint him have But that
false image and an idol which otherwise wor with his tattling. And alas, my lord, this
shipped and accepted than the brazen serpent, being representation Christ,
ought be, true image and abuse was made
piteous case, that having much business have, these inward disorders should added unto them, the courage such would
idol; may thought times past, and this realm any ways evil. For this the thing peradventure now this time, some places, they would desire, with hope thereby dis the images not only St. John St. Anne, order this realm, being now time rather
wit, learning,
Christ's religion with good and politic order the Commonwealth, without any contention and strife among the king's subjects, might
flourish and daily increase. And this your lordships letter sent master Vaughan Portsmouth.
Winchester the Lord Protector.
May please your grace understand, that
have noted some points my lord Saint David's sermon, which send unto you here with, whereby declare unto you some part
what think, for the whole cannot express: somewhat shall incumber you with my bab bling, but hath incumbered some friends more
reformed. man whom
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561] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing Reformation. [502
repair that which needeth reparation, than nority our sovereign lord. told the em make any new buildings which they pretend. peror's council, That our late sovereign lord Quiet, tranquillity, unity, and concord shall did much for the emperor, enter war with maintain estimation. The contrary may ani him, and put his realm his old days mate the enemy attempt that which was the adventure fortune, whether should never thought on, which God forbid. There
was never attempt alteration made Eng land, but upon comfort discord home, and
enjoy no, for that the nature war.
woe them that mind my lord
Saint David's, such others, have their head
cumbered with any new platform, would wish
they were commanded, between this and the
king's majesty's full age, draw the plat, dili
gently bew the stones, dig the sand, and
chop the chalk the unseasonable time
building, and when the king's majesty cometh know you haye authority sufficient, and wisdom
full age, present their labours him, and the mean time not disturb the state the
realm, whereof your grace protector, but
that you may every part religion, laws, vising the world large. And were lands, and decrees (which four contain the sworn say what think the state the state) deliver the same unto our sovereign world, would for time let Scots be Scots, lord, according unto the trust you put
which shall much your honour, and
honest men wish and desire. To which desired
effect there can nothing noisome and
contrarious, trouble and disquiet. Wherein
your grace shall specially troubled,
whose shoulders the weight lieth; and what
soever shall happen amiss the faults other,
shall imputed your grace, doer thereof,
wanting foresight
time withstand the
did with
unto him. And this alliance your estima tion shall encrease, and our sovereign lord's
same. And albeit that you mind not faulty either, yet the effect not the
realm were wished, the prince though were age should excused, and the governors bear the blame. And this the infelicity preheminence and authority, and
specially this realm, stories make men tion, which should not discourage you, for you need fear nothing without, quiet reserved
surety not little encrease and augmented. For France must taken for rule, they wanton, they cannot well longer than
they see how they may scourged they
not. Here all the wit that have, which offer unto you upon this occasion writing, and shall pray God put into your mind that which shall be for the best, trust he will and the mean time extinguish this bar barous contention home, which can serve only hurt, and good. had fashioned
home; and home the beginning re
sisted, the intended folly may easily inter
rupted. But my brother Saint David's
may like champion with his sword his letter Master Ridley, which send unto hand, make enter for the rest, the door
cence opened, there shall more folly thrust
with him than your grace would wish. Thus, think, write homely your grace, be
cause you were content should write, wherein consider only have things well. And because your grace the protector, and the
your grace, and incumber you with these me lancholy writings, ingendered this fondness, which not worth the reading. And
may like you use them, for having heard that which have said unto me, and otherwise heard and seen what you do, shall occupy my wit other matters, and now such have fond enterprises shall see that letted not their
and after his time you have done much your honour and reputation; howsoever any shall be here not contented; which misconten
chief director the realm, present unto
your wisdom, my folly follies, which they *
what have been oftentimes blamed for fearing over much, and
called God's word. But for his time the king our sovereign lord that dead
yet have had inkling that they that blamed me, feared even much Being the state that you in, shall ever com
tion hath been fond some, they have
mendable foresee the worst. quiet
be strong; trouble greatly weak, and
bring yourself danger one part, when breach his laws kill me: which t
o. :ne parties be, therewith one scourge the other. token marvellous fury, which had been Whereas concord they both yours, cause why am glad both depart hence, and honest, reverent, lovely fear their duty, depart the sooner, and pray God order
which doubt not your wisdom can consider.
And consider also how noisome any other out
word incumber might the time the mi WOL.
things for the best, with preservation our
sovereign lord, and increase your grace's honour.
And sometime the contemned and abject have
had the upper hand. And when administer the realin for another, were marvellous question him that shall enjoy the realm, say, what meant you the time adminis tration adventure my realin Why took not rather for the time my minority any peace whatsoever were, which better than the best war, some men have written
plenty, and yet being entered write, forget for the time what be, and commune with you were talking Brussels with you, de
with despair have them, unless were conquest, which shall goodly enterprise for
our young master when cometh age. And the mean time prepare him money for and set the realm an order which hath
need And for stay, the emperor would
offer the king with him
Romans' daughter, did our minister's minority,
his, whereby this hath chanced
burst out and wished, that they might
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563] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [564
At my house in Southwark, the last of Feb ruary. Your grace's humble beadunan,
S. W.
charge your grace more than needed, being already burthened heavily. And albeit
the commonwealth every man hath his part, yet God hath placed you, the matter under the king's majesty, chiefly yours, and
Another Letter of Winchester.
After my humble commendations to your were yours alone. Every man hath his eye grace, it may like the same to understand, I directed unto you both here and abroad, you have seen of late two books set forth in Eng shall shadow mens doings they done, lish by Bale, very pernicious, seditious, and which one incommodity high rule. And sland, rous. And albeit that your grace need for my part, besides my duty the king's eth not nine advertisement in that matter, yet inajesty and the realm, would that your
I ain so bold to trouble your grace with iny grace, whom, since your government, have
commodity, sogentleness humanity, letters for mine own wherewith to found much and
had ever any
your
grieveth me not a little, to see, so soon after your quiet among ourselves,
satisfy mine own conscience, to write and say much honour with good success
as becometh me in such which I de o and
matters, had, pray
God that men would let sire your grace to take in good part. For it grace alone, and suffer the realm the time
y
my late sovereign lord and master's death, a whereb we the more able resist
book spread abroad more to his dishonour trouble, which your grace doth pru prince's honour may vile inferior subjects dently foresee. Certain printers, players, and
inpeached) than professed enemies have ima gined, note woman have suffered under him martyr, and the woman there with
Bale's own elucidation, calleth
set forth and painted she appeareth be,
and boasted sacramentary, and
the laws worthy (as she suffered) the pains
death; such like things have stealth our
late soverei-n lord's days gone abroad they
do now. And as am wont such cases to thing marvellous, that the same time speak, keep my wont write your grace
now,
whose hands know the state the
time almost every man would believed and
realm for the time government, and whom, for respects old acquaintance, wish felicity. these matters religion have
been long exercisco, and have, thanks
God, lived long have seen them thorough
tried, and besides that have learned written books authority, have perceived
books written without authority, Master
useth now, that Scripture doth, abuse, ser “Forsomuch mention inserted this vice the right hand and the left once, in so the good inclination king Henry
The following passage, another part Bale, Joy, and other, and especially Bale Fox's work, worthy insertion here:
days religion, somuch one time Bale praiseth Luther, latter the reformation
and setteth his death forth English, with the occasion hereof cometh also mind, commendations saint, which Luther somewhat likewise add way appendix (whatsoever was otherwise) stoutly affirmed touching the talk between the archbishop
the presence really Christ's natural body Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, and the duke the Sacrament the altar. And yet Bale, the Suffolk Charles Brandon, concerning the noble clerk, would have Anne Askew, blas king's purpose and intent conceived against the phemously denying the presence Christ's bishop Winchester Steven Gardiner, that natural body, taken for saint also. So
Bale's saints, may vary heaven, they
chance not the way; which might suffice
disprove the man's credit, thwarting talk Lord, well our Lord; the said duke said were more desired many than the truth in unto the said archbishop, We the counsel had deed, which truth was supposed have been him once good lift, and should well have both writing and exercise well established, dispatched him from his authority, the king's long before our late lord's death; and Bale majesty our master had stayed himself from ad and his adherents their madness plainly re mitting him his presence, then his high proved and condemned. cannot forget, your ness was content that we should thoroughly grace told me you would suffer innovation
and indeed you deliver this realm the king
years age, the king his fathcr; whose
soul God assoil, left trust you shall, the suilered for defending the Pope's authority. For act honourable and good, were pity then and certain the counsel having con
trouble with any innovation, which were scrence with the king's majesty for that iuatter,
too. (new not
may
make wonderment, though we
justified,
yet
Sacraments we should have. And the agree ment religion made the time our late sovereign lord force their judgment, what establishment could any new agreement have? And every incertainty noisome any realm. And where every man will master, there inust needs uncertainty. And one
how
nor what
taught that men liars, the self-same
o,
amongst them Bale, when his untruth appear
eth evidently setting forth the examination
of Anne
besecch your grace pardon my babbling
which utterly misreported.
with you. But see my late sovereign lord and master slandered such simple persons",
could never allow any reformation religion this realm, and, namely, being offended with this, that men should use their talk, The
have sifted and tried him. was, my lord, quoth the duke the archbishop, that time when Gardiner secretary was attached, and
to
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565) STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [566
religion assaulted, the realm troubled, and hand and tongue, dissolution and dissipation peaceable men disquieted, with occasion given estates, clean contrarious the place
to enemies to point and say, that after Wick God hath called your grace unto. For tend liffe's strange teaching in the Sacraments of eth all confusion and disorder, which the Christ's Church hath vexed other, it is finally effect untruth. -Bale hath set forth prayer turned unto us to molest and scourge us, for for the duke John Saxony, wherein the
other fruit cannot Bale's teaching have, ne the duke remitteth God's judgment
teaching of such other as go about to trouble shewed here this world the justness his the agreement established here. In which cause concerning religion, and desireth God, matter I dare not desire your grace specially his cause not good, order him
to look earnestly unto lest should seem taken, and spoiled his honour and note you that which becometh me not. And possessions, with many such gay words where
know, that your grace being otherwise occu pied, these things may creep hath been heretofore sometime may hard for your grace find out pull out the root this naughtiness but yet am bold write these, mine own stomach, who have ever used, for discharge myself, say and write
time and place thought might good relief the matter, remitting the rest
tempt God; since which prayer the duke indeed taken all the world saith, and
the time his taking, the account made, such strangeness the sun, we saw here,
hath not been seen. They happened both together, this we know, and both marvel lous; but whether the one were token order ed concur with the other, God knoweth, and man cannot define. Many commonwealths
the disposition God, who hath wrought have continued without the bishop Rome's wonders these matters, since they were first jurisdiction, but without true religion, and with
moved, and given me such knowledge and ex perience them, ought take them, they be, for corruption and untruth; mean knowledge and experience them that chief stirrers, infect with untruth,
cannot speak report truly common ters. The pretence the spirit, and for the flesh, women, and meat, with liberty
such opinions Germany maintained, es tate hath continued the circuit of the world us known since Christ came. For the Turks
and Tartars government were continu war, and they uphold their rule with subdu
ing nobility fire and sword. Germany with their new religion could never have stood, though the emperor had them alone: for
they mat
his highness was fully persuaded, that the bi
shop's secretary, being such special favour
with his master, would never stand stiff
defence the bishop Rome's usurped power
and authority, without his said master's both opinion and become new man. Well, quoth advice, knowledge, and persuasion. For al the king, this way you have me that which ready, quoth the king, played but homely otherwise you should never have obtained.
part with me, when was embassador the an content remit things past, and pardon Pope concerning my cause divorce. And you upon your amendment. —The next morning therefore, quoth the king me, send for him had word how the matter was handled, where my lord incontinently, and assistance upon came highness and said; Your two three more the council, whom you majesty hath prevented our commission, which think good, let him committed the Tower, and other had from your grace concerning my
answer such things may objected lord Winchester's committing the Tower. against him. This communication was the Wot you what, quoth the king; He hath con evening, that we purposed have executed fessed himself guilty this matter his the king's pleasure and commandinent the next man, and hath with much sorrow and pensive morning. Howbeit our talk was not secret,
but that some his friends the privy cham
ber, where had many friends then, suspecting
the matter, sent him word thereof. Who in
continently repaired the king's presence, and
finding some matter minister unto the king, But had suspected this, would have had
highness said the bishop, We marvel him the Tower over night, and stopped his that your secretary hath thus notoriously journey the court. Well, said my lord fended against and our laws. surely Canterbury, was cvermore too good for you
thought that you are not clear this all. Moreover touching this foresaid bishop fence, but that you are the same opinion Winchester, forsomuch he king Ed with him, and therefore my lord plain with ward's time bragged much his old master
me, and let me know you that way in
fected no. you will tell me the truth,
will rather pardon the fault; but you halt
dissemble with me, look for favour my pear more notoriously men, here hand. —With this monition Winchester fell
noted the testification well master down upon knees, and besought majesty Demuy, also Henry Nevil, who were
mercy and pardon, manifestly confessing that had long time been that opinion with his said secretary: and there bewailing himself promised from that day forward reform his
ness sued for my pardon; and you know what my nature and custom hath been such mat ters, ever more pardon them that will not dissemble but confess their fault. —Thus wilily and politicly got himself out our hands;
famous memory king Henry the eighth,
the intent that the glorious vanity this bishop, and other like unto him, may ap
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367) STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [505
it be persuaded the understanding of God's trifling with Lent marvellous matter law to be at large in women and children, them that would say evil this realm for
whereby they may have the rule of that, and there nothing more commended unto then God's law must be the 1ule of all, is not Christian men both the churches of the
Greeks and Latins, than Lent men not liars. the king our late sovereign
cloquent than forged matters can with study many unto the belly, the one liquor, the other bring forth. What rhymes set forth de meat; France little beneath the belly; prave the Lent, and low fond (saving your Italy vanitics and pleasares devised; and grace's honour) and foolish and yet the peo English belly have further advancernett, ple pay money for them, and they can serve and nothing can stay When was purveyor for nothing, but learn the people rail, and for the seas, what exclamation was there
cause such used make provision for (as your grace shewed me) the bishop's fast fish against Lent, fearing now Lent ing day, they called Wednesday, and Win sick the time purporteth and like die in chester, Winchester, grand mercy for your
hereby the rule of brought into their hands? - These some will called witty reasons, but they indeed truth's children, and the
lord's days this matter was not thus spoken of. And think our enemies would wish we had Leut. Every country hath his peculiar in itself, right meaning man's unouth, more clination naughtiness; England and Ger
eloquence, which some (to dispraise ine) say have, whatsoever they say me. For truth
deed, forbear make their accustomed pro
vision for the next year. And thereto shall come the common diet be not certain. For
the fishmonger will never hope have good
sale, when the butcher may with flesh outface
him. And fish that great treasure this
realm and food inestinable. And these good
words give, although love not myself: for know not) being one Christ's miracles, such as love not fish should nevertheless com which God ordained not man imitate and mend others,
wine, beshrew your heart for your water Was not that song, although was sport,
signification how oth men have their cence restrained or their accustomed fare
abated unless were extreme necessity. hear say that the Lent thus spoken
the intent the flesh follow, such love only laugh.
which teaching the world will For Christian men have Christ for an
them forborn might the more plc, ty.
there present witnesses
record was this, that king Henry before the the king's will, kneeled down the king's time his sickness, taking his horse upon the majesty lying his bed, and said, My lord
terrace Windsor ride out hawking, saw Winchester think negligence left out standing before him the lord Wriothsley lord your majesty's will, who bath done your high chancellor, with divcrs other counsellors, and mess most painful, long and notable service, amongst thom the bishop Winchester. and one without whom the rest shall not be Whereupon called the lord chancellor, and able overcone your great and weighty as said, Did not command you should come fairs committed unto them. —Hold your peace, no more amongst you (meaning the bishop) quoth the king, remembered him well enough, Whereunto the lord chancellor answered, That and
public defamation and example
things, both use the world
Joseph and Tongue, with other new (whom
the matter, whose the writer the bishop's name had been left out
his coming was bring his majesty word surely
benevolence given unto him the clergy, you,
Whereat the king said, Ah! let him come hither, never rule him, he troublesome na and did his message, and the king went ture. Marry, quoth the king, myself could straight away. —Item, another time the king use him, and rule him manner pur immediately after his repair London fell poses, seemed good unto me, but shall sick, and caused divers times his whole council you never do, and therefore talk more
come unto him about his will, and other his him me this behalf. Sir Anthony Brown, grave affairs. At what time the bishop also perceiving the king somewhat stiff herein, gave would coine with them into the utter privy place the king's words that time. How chainber, and there remain until the council. beit, seeking further occasion upon more per came from the king, and then down with suasions put into his head, took hand them again, the end, then was thought, once again move the king have the bishop blind the world withal. --Furthermore, the one his executors. When the king perceived king grew more sickness, considering upon that this instant suit would not cease; Have his will and testament made before, his going you not yet done, quoth the king, molest me over Bullein, willed the same drawn this matter you will not yet cease out again with leaving out and excluding the trouble me, the faith owe unto God, will bishop Winchester name from amongst surely dispatch thee out my will also, and his executors. Which being him small therefore let us hear no more of this matter. corsey, and cutting their purposes, All this Anthony Denny was heard re way was found, that Anthony Brown, prin port the archbishop Canterbury Thomas cipal pillar Winchester's side, pretending Cranmer, the said archbishop's secretary, who ninto the king, though the negligence yet alive, and witness unto the same. ”
good purpose have left him out. For were my testament, and one
would cumber you all, and you should
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569] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. -for opposing the Reformation. [570
he did only for necessity, and to contemn the
world as he did, and in case to refuse and
chuse the vile death, did the death the
when hath been alledged that Christ fasted forty days, might, quoth he, have eaten he had list; these triflings sport might drawn grave speech, Christian men shall refuse
cross, which things did like master most
perfect, for was very God, and we must en follow Christ miracles. For all his life was
deavour ourselves the use his gifts fol iniracles, and his love that our badge most low that did, not fast forty days without miraculous all, die for his enemies. be meat Christ did, for we but apprentices, seech your grace pardon me, for am like one and carry about ruinous carcase, that must the common house, that when am my tale,
have some daily reparation with food but yet think should have liberty make end, and
was there never any that said, how therefore we should nothing, because we cannot do all, and take Christ's fast for miracle only. And yet that follow Christ truly, they work daily miracles, subduing and conforming God's grace their sensual appetites, and humbly obeying the will God, which man can
specially writing your grace with whom ac count may bold, assuring you proceedeth
lers the realm will take courage, and make
himself do. And Christ promised that his account (although wrong) that goeth on true servants should work the works that he wheels. any man had either fondly indis
did, and greater works also. Wherefore creetly spoken Lent engrieve
slender matter say, Lent was one Christ's importable burthen, would wish his reforma miracles, for was love his enemies, and tion; for have not learned that men are
specially those that scourged and bobbed him which may not be, that legation hath place, taught Christian men follow, because was
bound keep the Lent the form received, but this reckon, that Christian man may contemn the form received, being such devout
wish well, ought be, was, yet are such things spread abroad whereof the evil wil
zeal towards you whose intentalthough and pleased
whom such
shew me
miracle, they might say: were more to and profitable imitation Christ celebrate
lerable
forget Lent, Pogge telleth,
his fast, and that time such have been
the rest the year worldly prepare them selves come, they should come, the
priest the mountains, that knew not how the
year went about, and when the weather open
ed, and went abroad, and perceived his feast Easter, whereof St. Chrysostom speak
neighbours were towards Palm Sunday, de eth expressly. And for avoiding contempt,
vised excuse his parish, and bad then licence truly obtained the superior serveth. prepare therefore, for indeed the year had some And heard the king's majesty our sovereign
what slipped him, but would fashion the lord declare when your grace was present. And
matter so, they should soon Easter the rest: and thus did pass over Lent
with much less slander, than teach for
doctrine, that Lent was one Christ's miracles, and therefore not be imitated of us. For
although was indeed great miracle,
Christ's doings were, yet was not greater iniracle, nor more against man's nature, than
therefore himself was very scrupulous granting licences; and declare that him self contemned not the fast, was charge
have (as your grace knoweth) the Lent diet daily prepared, had been for himself, and
the like hereof hear say your grace hath or dered for the king's majesty that now which agreeth not with certain preaching this mat ter, nor the rhimes set abroad. Lent among
love then that laboured and were busy
take away the natural life his manhood. For Christian men godly fast exercise men
forbear, and England both godly and politic, such without confusion we cannot forbear, the experience shall shew, ever attenpt ed, which God forbid. And yet Lent buried
rhime, and Stephen Stockfish bequeathed, not me, though my name noted, where with for mine own part cannot angry, for
that mitigated their fondness. But would
desire God have the strength this realm.
gory Nazianzene speaketh some that enter
prised imitate Christ's fast above their
power, whose immoderate zeal doth not dis
allow, notrequiring men do, for
that extremity, yet assoyling the mat
ter our new schoolmen do, that Christian
men should let Christ's fast alone as miracle
which manner solution heard good fellow
make, when was told him might not re now found impropriate men. God venge himself, and when was stroken the grant the truth desired men truly. one ear, should put forth the other am, But one asked, when saw old philoso
quoth he, man, am not God, Christ be pher dispute with another, what they talked on; ing God did so, might, quoth he, had and was answered how the old man was dis
pleased him, have done otherwise. And cussing what was virtue; was replied, the
the nature man desireth relief, doth abhor destruction or hurt. In will and desire
men follow Christ things; execution they cannot for we have brittle vessels, and
men seeth expedi men cannot heal the
God giveth his gifts
ent for his church;
lame when they will,
would, but God shall think profitable for the edification of the flock assembled. —Gre
Christ did when
increased with report concord, which doth quench many vain devices and imaginations. —
And all inen liars, now my un derstanding strangely published, methink Bale and such new men, be new liars, should be most abhorred and detested, and much the more dangerous they new. That which
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571] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [572
old man yet dispute of virtue, when will he use it : So it may be said in our religion; If we be et searching for when shall we begin put
learned, wise and politic prince, and diligent
executer his laws; and when your lordship was most diligent the same, yet your lord
execution: would make end my
letters, and cannot, wherein account myself
faulty. And though inay err, every man
may, yet
Inueh
grace hath
ter religion unseasonably brought into the we very much marvel, why that, about Jack
not, for say think, forso have said and further think your
rhimes and plays you speak and some against the king's proceedings, who were yet
ship itself writeth, and too manifest
unknown, there were that wrote such lewd
unpunished, because they were unknown un trouble troublesome, but this mat gotten. And when we do weigh the matter,
defamation our late sovereign lord's acts, do ings, and laws. beseech your grace take my meaning and words good part, and pardon my boldness, which groweth the familiarity
have heretofore had with your grace, which cannot forget. And thus enforcing myself
was re evil ear
end, shall pray Altnighty God pre rity, and for the furtherance the bishop serve your grace much felicity, with increase Rome's usurped power, your lordship neither
honour, and achieving your heart’s desire. wrote nor said any thing. And appeared
At Winchester, the one and twentieth May. you angry with retractation (which Your grace's humble beadman, W. frankly without fear, dread, compulsion im
The Letter the Lord Protector, answering Winchestcr.
prisonment, only with learning and truth over comed, came unto) that you cannot abide his beginning, although having the very words
Lent's lewd ballad, and certain, ported unto us, godly sermons, (which
your letters joined together) you
nest, when against doctor Smith's book, being man learned the doctors and scripture, which made plain against the king's highness autho
Your letters dated the one and twentieth day scripture. Except peradventure you think May, concerning two books new set forth that the saying David, Omnis homo mendar,
one Bale, and certain Sermons preached cannot interpreted, every man liar, here, were with convenient speed delivered un which howsoever your lordship taketh plea
us. And like your letters Edward Vaughan Portsmouth, those we
perceive that you have vigilant and diligent
eye, and very fearful innovation which cannot blamed, proceeding one which
desirous quiet, good order and continuance the godly state this realm, we mar vel that soon, far off, and plainly, you
sure, appeared unto then him taken but godly, declare the infirmity man, and the truth of God and his word. And we are
not able reason clerkly with you, and yet we have heard the subtle difference lying and telling lie, Latin called,
mentiri and mendacium dicere: but your lord
ship beloth counted mendar, which belike
can hear tell and say many things done
liar, combat,
lying man, and was deceived
hath interpreted here, which indeed we being here and attend think matter
ant upon the same cannot yet advertised
The world never was quiet, united, but
that privily openly those three which you
write of, printers, players and preachers, would
set forth somewhat their own heads, which
the magistrates were unawares And they
which already banished and have forsaken
the realm, suffering the last punishment,
boldest set forth their mind; and dare use
their extreme licence liberty speaking,"as
out the hands rule correction, either
because they gone, because they hid. Writers write their fantasy, my lord, and
There have foolish and naughty rhimes and books been made and set forth, the which
appeareth you have seen more than we, and
yet our knowledge too many bought; but
yet after our mind too sore and too cruelly
done lay those our charge, and ask as were account of us of them all. In the
ther knowlettotor hath not. the late grace's counsel, take another order, although ling's days autouvemory, who was both some light and lewd men bury writing;
most exact cruelty and tyranny the bishop
Rome, yet Pasquill, we hear say, writeth his
mind, and many times against the bishop's ty
ranny, and sometime toucheth other great
princes, which thing for the most part doth
safely, not that the bishop alloweth Pasquil's
rhimes and verses, specially against himself, but lord, and shall, God willing, till the king's high because cannot punish the author, whom ei ness, with our advice and the residue his
the interpretation,
matter clerks
and
dispute of; we would have wished your lord
ship have written against book before, now with you think that defended
which the author himself refuseth aver: your lordship writeth earnestly Lent, which we
not about put away, more than when doctor Smith wrote earnestly that every man
should obedient the bishops. The Inagis trates and went not about bring kings and princes and other under their subjection:
preachers preach what either liketh them,
what God putteth their heads. not and done that spoken. The people buy eth those foolish ballads Jack Lent. So bought they times past pardons and carols, and Robin Hood's Tales.
All be not wise men, and the foolisher thing some (although not the more part) the more pleasant and meet, and peradventure the Sermons there and indeed there true that
have heard) otherwise spoken and reported you, than was the preachers there and then spoken meant. Lent remaineth still, my
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573] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [574
even as the king's majesty remaineth head of and whatsoever wrote said for the pre the church, although through sinister ways and sent, he would after consider the matter
by subtil means some traitors have gone about wisely any man, and neither hurt nor in and daily do, to abuse the king's majesty's su wardly disfavour him that had been bold with premacy, and bring in the bishop of Rome's him. Whereof serve for proof, for man tyranny, with other superstition and idolatry. could me hurt during his life. And when
On both sides great heed is to be taken, and as your lordship writeth, we are set in a pain ful room to reform lightness, and lewdness, to the which we do endeavour ourself the best our power, although not cruelly and fiercely some peradventure would wish, yet not loosely that there needeth such exclama tion great fear be. We study
all things attemperately, and with quiet and
gave me the bishopric Winchester, said had often squared with me, but loved me never the worse; and for token thereof gave me the bishopric. And once when
had been vehement with me, the presence the earl Wiltshire, and saw me dismayed
with took me apart into his bed-chamber, and comforted me, and said, that his displeasure was not much me did take but he misliked the matter, and durst more boldly direct his speech me, than the earl
good order. And we would wish nothing more
then your lordship ready the re
formation the one the other, that nei Wiltshire, and from that day forward could
ther superstition, idolatry, papacy, should
brought nor lightness, nor contempt good -order maintained. They both take be ginning small things, and increase little
and little unawares. And quiet may well broken with jealousy negligence,
with too much fear too much patience. No ways worse than when one over light eared the one way, and deaf the other side. Ru mours space time increase naturally, and
leave this realm the king's highness, having first read your grace's most gentle let
that time they come you, appeareth,
they doubled and trebled. We perceive
your diligent eye towards us, and we will wish
(and trust you have) your heart faithful us:
our most hearty and continual prayer God —And therefore being thus brought up, and
his grace's age by you written, rather more flourishing men, possessions, wealth, learning, wisdom, and Gods religion and doctrine,
were possible and God's will, than we found And that our whole intent and esperance, the which we refuse man's help, knoweth God, whom we bid you heartily farewell.
Another Letter Winchester the Lord Pro tector.
AFTER my most humble commendations
your good grace upon the return my ser tion touching your grace's letters the 27th
vant Massy with your grace's letters answering May, that how earnest soever my letters such my letters wherein signified the robbing taken fearing any innovation, neither in
Iny secretary, read the same gladly,
the contents of the matter had cause so to
do, which was such comfortative digested
wardly fear neither shew any demonstration mine outward deeds the world here,
communication, that fear done
easily the rest the great packet, having been authority, but myself resist the rumors and
accustomed thereunto the king's my late vain enterprises, with confidence the truth
sovereign lord's days, which fashion writing and your grace's wisdom; for feared in
his highness (God pardon his soul) called whet deed, with persuasion should come pass, ting, which was not the most pleasant should have small lust write it; but fear
unto me times, yet when saw my do more indeed the trouble that might arise
ings was hurt, and sometime the occa light boldness other, and the cumber
sion thereof the muatter amended, was not such matters while other outward affairs oc
coy always reverse my argument, nor, cupy your grace's mind, than the effect your that his affairs went well, did ever trouble direction that hath been talked of abroad an
sounded so) yet myself feared all, esteeuled him, was
myself, whether made me wanton not. yet the writing speak the matter And when such were privy his letters leads, continuing mine old manner ear directed unto moc, were afraid had been nest, which, some men have dispraised, high displeasure (for the terms
not put me out courage, but any displea sant words passed from him, they did some
time, folded them the matter; which hindered me little: for was reported unto him that stooped not and was stubborn, and
had commended unto me certain men's gen tle nature (as called that wept every his words, and me thought that my nature
was gentle theirs, for was sorry when was moved but else know when the dis pleasure was not justly grounded me, had cause take thought, nor was
any time my life miscontent grudging
any thing done him, thank God for
ters, signifying the device proclamation
stay these rumours, and reading the same pro clamation, which my servant brought with him;
read with the more quiet your grace's great
letters, and would have laid them without further answer, were not that percase my doing might mistaken. For glum silence may have another construction than frank speech, where man may speak, reckon may with your grace, upon confidence whereof
ain bold write thus much for my declara
the letters some have commended it; and therefore nothing good honest matter follow rather mine own in wise ince clination, than take the pains speak but
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$75] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [576
ter would not melt in my mouth : wherewith I And perceive your grace is not miscontent, for the long
for books, let Latin and Greck continue shall please God, am almost past them, what service those letters have
which I most humbly thank you. And first as the use
concerning Portsmouth, I wrote to the captain done experience hath shewed, and religion hath
and mayor in the thing, as I had information, and continued them fifteen hundred years; but by men of credence. And yet I suspended my for the English tongue itself hath not con credit til I had heard from thence, as by my let tinued one form understanding two hun ters appeareth : and as I was loth to have it so, dred years, and without God's work and special vo was I loth to believe it. And to shew that I miracle shall hardly continue religion long, feared no innovation by authority, nor regarded when cannot last itself; and whatsoever your
any such danger, I went thither myself, and in conclusion was in such familiarity with the cap tain, that after he had shewed me the gentle entertainment that could, he desired me make exhortation his men they stood handsomely with their weapons, where with they had shewed warlike feats; which did, and departed amity with the captain and soldiers and the town the captain telling me plain. ly, was nothing offended with anything had said my sermon, nor was there cause why should. But the very act indeed defacing the images, had such ground master cap tain pretended; for asked specially for such
had abused those images, and such could shewed, for that enquired for openly. And
the image Saint John the Evangelist stand ing the chancel the high altar was pulled down, and table alabaster broken and
grace's mind now the matter, know well, that having the government the realm, your
grace will use the gift
gift God. —And even
bishops restrained
preach only their Cathedral Churches, (the like whereof hath not been known my time,)
Saint George horseback. For Gregory Nazianzene, chief divine the Greek Church, calleth the serpent's death the figure the death Christ, but not the serpent the figure Christ; and yet when had done all my argument, would resolve resolved with me the speech Saint George on
upon another occasion your grace may per case think expedient restrain (further than the parliament hath already done) the common reading the Scripture, now restrained the bishops liberty preaching. As for the brazen serpent, did not men's language represent Christ, and had written ano ther than your grace, might have had the like matter argument that was taken against me
policy, which the now this time
special policy
image Christ crucified contemptu
ously handled, was my heart terrible,
have the one eye bored out, and the side
pierced wherewith men were wonderously
offended, for very persecution beyond horseback, that the common speech other
the sea, used that form where the person
wise, and saying the serpent
true figure Christ, and yet Gregory Nazian zen called the serpent itself Avrirvors, Christ these words, ox, &c. his sermon Paschate:
apprehended. And take such very slanderous, and esteeming the
breaking images, had, very dangerous, void
cannot
act opinion
unlawful
learning and and yet Almechorus Domini, we read Aries,
the captain, Leo, Vermis, spoken Christ, and some ex which letters perceive have come your pound the Scripture sicut Moses, &c. after that
truth, wrote after my fashion
grace's hands. was not very curious the writing them, for with me truth goeth out plainly and roundly, and speaking the king's
senteth the king, and yet my speech came forth now rehearsed your grace's letters, and after the common language, wherein trust having once my lord Canterbury and me
seal, uttered the common language was
brought after the old sort. When,
conject good will, the people taking Saint
George for patron the realm under God,
and having some confidence succour
God's strength derived him, encrease
the estimation their prince and sovereign
lord, called their king horseback the
seat arms, Saint George horseback; my
knowledge was not corrupt, knew repre heard these reasons touching images which
none offence. For besides learning, ex perience have known the pre-eminence
king both war and peace, and yet had wist my letter should have come your grace's
hands answered, then would have been more precise my speech, than give occa
sion long argument therein. As for Saint George himself, have such opinion him becometh me. And have read also of Bellerophon Horner, they call him, the father tales, but will leave that matter.
present with him alone his palace, that they
call otherwise New Hall, handled that matter
length, and discussed with my lord Canter bury the understanding God's command
ment the Jews, the clerks Chris tendom could not amend it. And where as
one had denied the image the Trinity
had, reasons touched your grace's
letters, heard his highness answer them another time. And when had himself spe cially commanded divers images abolished,
sort. And your grace said when was last your house with the French ambassador,
wished him and me together disputing, see when we would make an end, even
these matters, when they come argument, for thing (as Saint George horseback) when escapeth me, speaking the brazen serpent following speech not thoroughly dis cussed, shall occasion digression out
purpose. And therefore was great gift God, that our late sovereign lord (God rest his soul) set these matters quiet who had
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577 I - STATE TRIALS, 5 Epw, VI. 1551–for opposing Reformation. [573
yet (as your grace knoweth) both ordered, this worldly politic consideration, and and himself put execution the kneeling and home for the noise abroad the world will
creeping before the image the cross, and es
dangerous. And touching the bishop Rome, the doings this realin hitherto hath never done him so
tablished agreement this realm, whereby
that truth through all arguments the con
much displeasure, alteration religion, during the king's majesty's minority, should serve for purpose; wanteth not wits
trary assoiled once.
used the book his highness set forth doth
prescribe, and otherwise. know your
grace only tempteth me with such reasons
other make unto you, and am not fully
berty, although ain bold enough (and some
will think too bold) answer some things
would another man mine equal, being
much inserior your grace am but me
thinketh Saint Paul's solution during the king's
anajesty's minority should serve instead all, but pretence, how stilily soever we will at Nus talem consuetudinem non habemus, we have firin otherwise, and call God's word. And no such customs the Church. -When our here should much noted that my lord sovereign lord cometh his perfect age (which Canterbury, being the high bishop the realm God grant) doubt not but God will reveal highly favour with late sovereign lord,and that which shall necessary for the governing my lord Duresme man renowned fame
his people religion. And any thing learning and gravity, both put him trust
shall done the mean time (as think there for their counsel the order the realm,
heard) was well furnished afterwards
remembrance, that the bishops and the clergy should agree any altera
would wish images
your grace's direction, may should when cometh age say the rest, Scripture
hear say, said now late concerning pro and advise
cession, that his father's time men were All which things know well) your
shall not)
soon forget their old knowledge forth the king's majesty's book,
me
other
tion
thing set forth
might noted
favour the truth, what would say cannot am that
religion
the condemnation any his father, whereby his father
ever they did,
assure your grace would men fear things they like not,
execution; for this sort things think should not be
have wanted knowledge
never fear unless saw
tell, but might use
for the excellency
would, and having
shops might have, were feared
would. And when had spoken, then
might his laws more than any our with me any such matters. And therefore sort would gladly suffer these days; for albeit your grace writeth wisely, that over much the allegation his authority represented fear doth hurt, and accelerateth sometime that your grace shall then answered (as your which was not intended, yet needs not me, grace now writeth unto me) that your grace for have learned that lesson already, and only desireth truth according God's Scrip would great many more had, which indeed
ture, and may then said; we bishops, should great stay. And thus talk with when have our sovereign lord and head your grace homely, with multiplication ininority, we fashion the matter we lust, and speech impertinent and not necessary,
marvellous speech, and his spirit, were like
fear them not, where with
just cause against
then some young man that would have piece the bishop's lands shall say, the beastly bi
way and that go, and for the time they ariseth not upon any desire knowledge here spend that they have, which eat you my behalf, for evil things oversoon known,
and drink you what list and together, nor upon any slackness your grace's behalf with Edamus bibanus, cras morienur. And there, who and noted very vigilant, your we shall alledge for our defence the strength grace's charge requireth. But thus even
God's truth, and the plainness Scripture, was when was some little authority, with the word the Lord, and many gay they that were the evil doers such matters terms, and say we were convinced Scrip would hide them from me. So now they have
shops have always done so, and when they can
no longer maintain one their pleasures
rule and superiority, then they take another thence, than your grace doth there, which
tures, such majesty
nor WOL.
excellent judgment, the king's like have, will never credit
abused such vain answer. And
handled otherwise; English Testament, chester Market, Lefore
for for Jack Lent's was openly sold Win wrote unto your grace
more slanderous than this
beat into other princes ears, that where his
authority abolished, there governors shall change
every change religion, and that
which has been amongst
established, shall the pretence another understanding Scripture straight brought
whole consent question; for they will give other name
wont follow procession upon which the king's majesty's saying, the procession (as
grace and them considered. And therefore me incredible that ever any such thing
your grace's commandinent; which speech hath put
should lightness grace hath
indeed with effect, whatsoever the
talk shall spread abroad which your proclamation well stayed. But
invey such matter alteration.
you had not, and the world talked fast
done reason,
trouble me otherwise than take heed
can, and the head governors (as now your grace) shew my mind, and such experience bath every mail me that hath communed
though meant send you great packet received from you. -One thing necessary answer your grace touching your
marvell; how know sooner things from
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379, STATE TRIALs, 3 Ew. 1951–Procodings against Bishop Gardner. [9so
And for Bale's book, called the elu cidation Anne Askew's martyrdom, they were these parts common, some with leaves un
glewed, where master Paget was spoken
and some with leaves glewed. And call them
coinmon, because saw the least four them. As for Bale's book, touching the death
have told your grace how came knowledge them, very scarcely time, but
the thing over quickly, and never had any such thought my life, denied your grace, worthily charged with them, them mean that may hereafter charge; for know such yet this world, and never
Luther, wherein was the duke Saxony's was mine opinion mad, write
prayer, whereof wrote, was brought down your grace that sort.
into this country honest gentleman, well, have many causes
whom was, iemember told me, given things were otherwise, trust they shall not,
London for news, and had great while
ere wrote your grace. had not then re
ceived the inhibition for preaching, whereof
men spake otherwise than they knew. And
the mean time doctor Smith recanted, which rection our late sovereign lord's life. And
riest this town (who mine own mouth for my quietness this estate account my
|.
but believed not) brought down with speed,
shall never forget myself much. thank God, am even well learned live the place obedience, was the place di
himself
your grace's chaplain,
self have great treasure
your
grace's
rule and authority, and therefore will worship and honour otherwise than to use such man
ner presumption ask any account. And know your grace cannot stay these matters suddenly, and esteem great matter, that
things stauld hitherto thus; but things had increased the rumours purported, your grace
would make all the doctors of the church liars
with himself, knowing what opinions were cution
abroad, enforced me write unto your thanks
brought my knowledge, which knew besides, for they had
and made means have
and filled the country hereabouts, tales of me. And when saw doctor Smith's
recantation begin with, Omnis homo mendar, Englished, and such new humility,
have nothing ask any account, trust
When things
rejoice; but where
grace for the ease my conscience; giving this judgment Smith, That neither liked
his tractation unwritten verities, nor yet his retractation, and was glad my former judg
ment, that never had familiarity with him.
saw him not, that wote, these three years,
talked with him these seven years, curious as am noted the commonwealth. And
whereas his unwritten verities he was mad say, bishops this realm may make laws, have witness, that said that word, we
your good determination. Now, God, your grace goeth well about
should then daws, and was and sorry the king's majesty's minority, whereby im that ever he had written of the sacrament of pair the strength the accord established. the altar, which was not, was noised, un Which write not mistrusting your grace touched with that word, All men liars, the contrary, but declaring myself, and wishing which marvellous word, soundeth the same mind other about you, trust our tongue, when we say man were better to they have, which shall pray God, who have thief his house than liar. And the prospered our late sovereign lord that rebel depraving man's nature that sort not lion, we have seen experience, and your the setting out the authority the scripture. grace's foresight and politic government shall For albeit the authority the scripture depend
eth not upon man, yet the ministration the letter, which writing and speaking, exercis
ed, and hath been from the beginning delivered through man's hand, and taught man's
mouth which men the scripture calleth holy
men, and that contrary liars. And there your grace, and yet take myself liberty fore St. Augustine his book Mendacio, enough, with reverend mind nevertheless saying, Omnis homo mendar, signifieth, Omnis keep me within my bounds; which any homo peccans. Smith had only written time exceed, trust your grace will bear with bishop's laws, and then said had, saving your me after your accustomed goodness, for whose honour, lied loudly, mitigate the matter, prosperity shall continually pray, with
said had erred ignorance, done truly and humbly; for much company lying
did, hath small
Winchester the Lord Protector.
humility; for would hide himself the
touching Smith, whom, his book, till was trouble,
Art most humble commendations your
might have been incumbered more the exe
stay
determination
and the world, and have
the universal disposition
cese. know but one way quiet, keep and follow such laws and orders religion
our late sovereign lord left with us; which,
his life, the bishops and clergy said was the very truth, never read yet heard any thing why swerve from think expe dient call any one thing doubt, during
send unto your grace herewith my discussion
that had been crease honour. At Winchester, the 6th that seeketh for June. ”
number. And thus much
never heard talking. But the matter wrote lord Canterbury, touching certain homilies,
myself, do,
know mine inward may, my duty God cause complain
send the like prosperity our sovereign lord that now wherein shall do my part, subject most bounden many ways thereunto.
my lord Saint David's purgation, wherein walk somewhat more liberty than writing
grace, have received this day letters from my
them my dio
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5S1) STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551,-for opposing the Reformation. [582
which the bishops in the convocation holden enterprised, wrote length my lord A. D. 1512, agreed to make for stay of such er Canterbury, and sent the copy those letters rors as were then by ignorant preachers sparkled your grace, not the intent your grace among the people, for other agreement there should lose much time read them, for had not then passed among us. , Since that they tedious length, but only for my
time God gave our late sovereign lord the gift
of pacification in those matters, which estab
lished by his highnesses authority in the convo
cation extinguished our devises, and remaineth
of force with your grace, wherein to avoid many
encumberous arguments, which wit can devise
against the truth, I send to your grace the copy
of mine answer to my lord of Canterbury,
to whom I write and offer myself more largely,
than I ever did in any matter of the realm, to
any man besides my sovereign lord, or the And sorry am hear the matter homilies
chief governor as your grace, for I am not fac tious, and use only to say as I am bound to say as occasion serveth, for that is my duty, having no other thing purposed but truth and honesty,
Iwhatsoever any man shall otherwise say of me.
your grace needeth,
am busier with than but
spoken prudently mation, and me thinketh
this time; your grace hath done
such countmendations as it pleased your grace to
send me by master Coke (for the which I most
humbly thank your grace) hath engendered thus
much more boldness, that ever me thinketh I
should desire your grace, not to suffer the king's
majesty our late sovereign lord's determination
to slip the anchor-hold of authority, and come the old order broken, and new brought to a disputation, for ediction whereof, after
ward the burden must rest on your grace, unto whom I desire prosperous success, and the increase and continuance of such honour God hath granted your virtue, not fall encumber any by-matter that need not stirred. your grace think not yourself en cumbered with my babbling, and inculking that
needeth not unto you, would answer your grace's letters the 6th April, your
grace will other letters withdraw your name, that may seen dispute with one not far above me authority, your grace which have thought requisite advertise,
lest my silence your grace should deem thought myself overcome those matters,
where indeed am contrary mind, and can shew whereupon ground me, why should think And thus desiring your grace take
see his
ArTER my most humble commendations good part doings, shall continually pray your good grace with thanks, that hath for the preservation your grace long feli pleased you content hear from me,
At Westminster the 10th June 1547. wherein now have from your grace liberty W. write large, cannot find the like gentleness
my body spend much time would; and
therefore shall now desire your grace take AFTER my most humble commendations good part, though gather my matter into your grace, since my letters unto your grace briefsentences. —The injunctions this visita
city.
Winchester the Lord Protector.
wherewith sent unto you such letters had written my lord Canterbury for answer his letters touching homilies, have eftsoons
tion contain commandment taught and learned, two books, one the homilies that must taught other priest. Another Erasmus Paraphrasis, that the priest must learn himself, these books strive one with another directly, &c. Thus have signified your grace some special faults that Erasmus owne faults; and my judgment great faults,
Can virtue wherein we communed of that which took none effect
received other letters from Iny said lord terbury, requiring the said homilies
convocation holden years past,
then, and much less needeth put exe
cution now, nay my judgment cannot with but have not written and your grace out new authority from the king's majesty shall further understand that who
that now commanding such matter know not who, hath taken the labours trans
discharge, who never meddled yet private letters with any man the realm persuade dissuade matters religion, but with the prince himself, him that had the managing
the great matters under him.
ing this determination am bold
grace the copy such letters
my lord Canterbury, whose letters me, could not congruence forbear answer, answering forbear speak freely think.
stop the vain rumours procla hath wrought good effect, and not best enterprise any thing tempt the people with occasion tales,
whereby proclamation
break the and offend:
And this effect wrote my lord Canter bury For like natural body, rest with out trouble doth confirm and strengthen
would there were nothing else
have known business occupy such
put trust, when religion hath been untouched,
new order engendereth new cause
ment against them that offend: and punishments
not pleasant such have the execution, and
yet they must be, for nothing may contemn
ed. And thus travel the matter with my
lord Canterbury, because would should weigh things, and doe indifferently
ever did man for the preservation the ship
wherein sail myself, and many other whose
prosperity am bound wish, can admit invocations. W.
Winchester
the Lord Protector.
And follow send your write my
common-wealth, trouble travelleth
and bringeth the things looseness And my lord Canterbury not surer his life when
by homilies, that shall continue
new device executed, for not done *day,
now,
were
is,
to I
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583] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [584
late Erasmus into English, hath for his part of king's consent dare say man alive this fended sometime, as appeareth plainly by igno day hath had more experience, what the judges rance, and sometime evidently of purpose, to and lawyers have said than First, had ex put leave out, and change thought perience mine old master the lord cardinal, best, never the better but the worse, with who obtained his legacy our late sovereign the specialties whereof will not now encum lord's request Rome: And his sight and ber your grace, but assure you And knowledge occupied the same with his two here will grant your grace, that for every crosses, and masses borne before him many
make unto you, set 100l. fine mine years; yet because was against the laws head, and me live here like beggar, whilst the realm, the judges concluded the offence iny revenues poy My words you have the premunire which conclusion bare writing, and against me matter record; away, and take for law the realm, and yield have me charged, the bi because the lawyers said, but my reason shop London was with offering the form digested not. The lawyers for confirma his bishopric, which matter came inv remem tion their doings, brought case the brance the writing hereof; and now have lord Tiptost remember, jolly civilian, written unto your grace upon what foundation was chancellor the king, who because
my conscience grounded, shall truly declare execution the king's commission he had
unto you the manner my proceeding from offended the laws of the realm he suffered on the beginning; never heard the execution Tower-hill, they brought examples unany
the visitation, your grace was departed from judges that had fines set their heads like London northward; the books flowed abroad case for doing against the law the realm by liberty the printers they came my the king's commandment. And then was hands, never slept while had perused them, brought the judges oath, not stay any
as soon as had found certain faults wrote to process judgment for any commandment
the council, trusting upon such earnest adver from the king's majesty. And one article
tisement made, they would incontinently have sent for me, and upon knowledge evi
dent matter me thought had shew, have stayed till your grace's return, saw determi nation things suddenly one time,
against my lord cardinal, was that had granted injunctions stay the common laws, and upon that occasion, Magna Charta was spoken of, and was made great matter the stay the common law, and this learned that case, since that time being the council, when many proclamations were devised against the carriers out corn, such time the transgressors should punished, the judges would answer might not the laws, whereupon ensued the act proclamations,
the passing which act many liberal words were spoken, and plain promise, that au thority the act for proclamations, nothing should made contrary act parlia ment, common-law, when the bishop
although your grace agreed, yet your wisdom conjected had rather have had tarry while you return, you had not
been pressed and that word pressed noted your grace's letters me, wherein you wrote you
whereunto
were pressed bringing myself your absence,
both sides me thought most extreme danger
could have stayed this matter, God, and my sovereign
resides iny duty
lord had done also your grace pleasure,
whom have this firm opinion, that willingly
and wittingly your grace will neither break the Exeter, and his chancellor were one body act parliament, nor command books brought premunire, which matter my lord bought with authority, that contain such doc privy seal cannot forget, reasoned with the
trine these books do Thus adventured
your grace's absence, wherein although
remembrance your grace, yet made not premunire myself, owhereupon stayed, but
your grace my foundation, but God chiefly,
God knoweth with the preservation our late authorized
sovereign lord's honour that dead and the jesty hath taken him the supremacy security our late sovereign lord that now
—Let man offended with the vehemency
my writing, for wrote with whole heart, and could have written with the blood of
ulaterially digested, and till your grace's safe
touched the act parliament lively, truly ever was any thing spoken never wept more bitterly than did for
then knew, thou art good fellow bishop quoth
he, which was the manner his familiar speech,
look the act supremacy, and there the king's
return. but And
lord Audley then chancellor, far bad
had me hold
peace fear entering into
my heart would have done have done
good. staying the thing till had been more because was some secret estimation as he
concluded
seemed me strange that man the king (as since the king's ma
every bishop such one) could fall premunire. After had reasoned the matter once the parliament house, where was free speech without danger, and there the lord Aud ley then chancellor, satisfy me familiarly,
doings restrained spiritual jurisdiction conceit that troubled my head, which never and another act provided, that spiri
passed my lips, nor shall never come out my tuallaw shall have place contrary common pen, will tell your grace, and you require law act parliament. And this were not Now whether the king may command (quod he] you bishops would enter with the against act parliament, and what danger king, and means supremacy order the they may fall that break law, with the laity listed; but will provide quod he,
in,of it
be of
is
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. I Ias an I
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585] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. 1551–for opposing Reformation. [586
that the premunire shall ever hang over your lowed: told them there were three weeks of heads, and we laymen shall sure en delay the coming the visitors me:
joy our inheritance the common laws, and the mean time, offered Oxford
acts parliament. not yet full two years abide the discussion there, which offer was not ago, since case jewels was fain with allowed; desired them my house
the emperor's ambassador, and after the em London, and have learned men speak with peror's court, defend and maintain com me there, which was not accepted. entered mandment, that the kings this realm were then the allegation the gospel the servant not above the order of their laws. And there that said would not thing, and yet did fore the jeweller, although had the king's bill and said might that although signed, yet would not allowed the then said nay, my conscience learned me, king's court, because was not obtained ac yet might percase change, and was man cording the laws, which matter was that might tempted but my conscience very much troubleh, even this time twelve was then, me thought God's law and the king's month, when was commission with my lord letted me, and upon knowledge their plea great master, and the earl Southampton for sures, that must the Fleet, told my lords altering the court augmentations. There
was my lord Montague, and other the king's
learned council, whom occasion that
matter learned what the king might con thing had been me actually done resist trary act parliament, and what danger
was them that meddled against the act, fresh memory, and they can tell whether
said true no, and therefore being learned notable cases, wrote your grace's
the visitation, who had the mean time think the matter, and repent me. Where unto the answer was such displeased me not inwardly much, but have well digested and (so may well) care not what becom eth my body, departed quietly from
absence the council therein, had learned
hearing the commons speak, whose judg them, ever man did, and have endured with
ments rule those matters, howsoever my rea little grudge here, and have learned this son can disgest them, and wrote the lesson the world never look backward,
St. Paul saith, remember that past,
council. Which my writings fashioned trusted my lord would have stayed till your
nothing for have such books the king's name council vehement, which nevertheless con your graces direction, me seemeth very
tinued with humility abide the order weighty, and your grace not have been well authority, and learn other obedience; for handled the world knoweth the king's
grace's return. And thus have declared
your grace the purpose my writing the recommended the realm
thought matter then before hand
hard, unless there were greater send me prison, for declaring
what minded before any
will never grudge complain
myself—As for the matter
great regard highness himself know not these books, and any man this realm. And my word therefore nothing can ascribed unto him,
thereunto have ever had
your grace hath been your increase honour occupied, men know, your grace had leisure yourself peruse do. books, and much speed might, with my sleeves and yet the books have written, leave the
bosom thrust full books furnish my former rest your grace. that tell the council allegations, was heard very well and gently, my mind them that have done far amiss, and me thought shewed matter that should because when know much, will not allow have moved, for shewed the two books them, shall from henceforth the more regard
contrary, have written before, where the lesson old ambassador that bed me, with they said they were not moved, adding evil tidings home my master afoot, and
how their conscience agreed not with mine, send only good tidings post. shift with
Vana salus hominis, practise throughly lords sent last for me,
assure your grace
using many good words bring me such conformity, they would have had me at, whereupon knowing that know, could not relent, but after had been little beside from them, and was returned, they entered pre cise order with me, either receive precisely the injunctions,
had further say grace was privy
day: my answer was that would receive the
the word which agreeth not with my wature master Wallope saith, upon Friday last past, my lord Canterbury sent for me the dean Paul's house, whither went with some gazing the world. There found my lord Canter bury accCompanied with the bishop Roches ter, master doctor Cox, and master Aire, and was brought thither the bishop Lincoln, what report my lord Canterbury hath made thereof cannot tell: my lord Canterbury
my deeds. --When my came them with
refuse, which case they me, adding that your that was done there that
injunctions far God's law and the king's was hand with his homily salvation, but
would bind me; and because saw they grew nothing heard saw save my conscience
such preciseness, and remembering how after
agreeing
him, but heard that should just mine own conscience, made them that homily, they would could shew me any old writer that wrote how
good sort they had caused me
panied before with master Wingfield,
innovations, what would the end
not yield: would not therefore leave un faith excluded charity the office justifica spoken, that thought might avoid that fol tion, against scripture's plain words, and
accom making
confirm me offer yield
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587] STATE TRLALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [5ss
swerve from scripture without any one doctor regarded for law, for that said was
to lean to were sore: where scriptures and very king, and thereupon was called for doctors want, my lord Canterbury would fall Hampton-court. And the lord Cromwell
arguing, and overcome me that am called was very stout, come on, my lord Winches the sophister, sophistry. When heard my ter, (quoth he) for that conceit had whatso lord's argument denied and would enter ever talked with me, knew ever much none other declaration, for keep that answer Greek Latin, and all. Answer the king till some other than were there, present, my here (quoth he) but speak plainly and directly, solution whereunto, when declare shall and shrink not man. not that (quoth he,
make the rest the matter very weak and that pleaseth the king law have not there
my lord not like his argument all, one ar the civil law, (quoth he) quod principi pla
gument could not assail, come again the cuit, and forth? (quoth he) have somewhat Fleet: my lord Canterbury charged me, that forgotten now. stood still, and wondered
like nothing unless myself, whereof my mind what conclusion this should tend. am not guilty, was never author any one The king saw me musing, and with earnest thing other spiritual temporal, thank God gentleness said, answer him whether
no: would not answer my lord Cromwell, but delivered my speech the king, and told him, had read indeed kings that had their will not read that have read these books, what always received for law, but told him the hath been done cannot tell, now am kept form his reign, make the laws his will was cannot know though would when was more sure and quiet, and this form go
abroad, never sought know more than was vernment established, (quoth and
am also charged that the realm hath received these homilies without contradiction
save whereunto answer, think they have
brought common fame, for this shall found true, never advised any man object any thing against these books, one man, not
my chaplains: kinsman mine beneficed my diocese, and not unlearned, came me,
agreeable with the nature your people: begin new Inanner policy, how will frame man can tell, and how this framethye
can tell, and would never advise your grace leave certain for uncertain the king turned his back, and left the matter after till the lord Cromwell turned the cat the pan
and told me how heard lewd fellow say,
that would not receive the injunctions. And
sir, (quoth rebuked him, and reviled him, afore company, when was angry with me,
and said you would man, told him that well; upon my coming
readily receive saying
chaplain
any and charged me though had played his part. did very This tale true, and not without purpose
remembered, how have been tossed and this kind matter, Thus have shewed your grace the whole matter with many more
own rest, what examples have seen this my lord Canterbury much travelleth. realin, how freely men have said their consci First, sure, shall never prove that
doctor divinity told me, would receive the injunctions quietly, and say nothing; told him should well done, had tarried my diocese: any man had spoken but myself
mine,
words than intended the entry my letter, and make now end, enforced weariness my body, fed with close air, rather than meat, hath not now. This matter was try bishop, which my stomach desireth not, yet must say whether careth more for the truth, his somewhat the matter only faith, wherein
would have lost my life for nor think there
ence against our late sovereign lord's determi would say nation, and against the act parliament: doc either
that matter, but am very fool
make end mine own cou
tor Croe mean man preached against our late ceit, which may easily be, see occasion
sovereign lord's determinations, and how dain given your grace
make such true deter may honourable your your grace would have this for precedent, grace, the contentation the world, the
tily was handled relieve conscience: mination
that whatsoever the king's council for the time preservation the king's honour that dead prince's minority shall send preached without prejudice the act parliament,
must needs received without allegation without derogation my lord Canterbury's what strength the act parliament against honour, without diminution the reputation
the bishop Rome; the king's majesty, when he cometh his age, will look bold do much with his subjects his council did
his minority, whereof the counsellors may
then weary, precedents dangerous. For
have seen almost for rule: that whatsoever
hath been once done, may then without ques grace's honour than this would be, which God tion done again. our late sovereign lord's grant and your grace much honour and felicity. time, have seen the choncell much astonish the Fleet, the 14th October. Your grace's ed, when the king would have done somewhat humble beadman, W.
against act parliament; was made then
great matter. The lord Cromwell had once
put the king's our late sovereign lord's head After my most humble commendations
take upon him have will and pleasure your good grace, since the writing my last
the council, and without any glory the
bishop Winchester. Which some men's
conceit the greatest matter that yet rehearsed, and good faith would were not,
were well. Your grace's doing Scot land, not my judgment more your
Winchester the Lord Protector.
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589] STATE TRIALS, 5 EDw. VI. 1551,-for opposing the Reformation. [590
long letters to your good grace, which as they sides that my conscience otherwise persuaded, wearied me in writing, so they have I think and truly persuaded, doth touch me out
wearied your grace in reading, I have been in wardly great expectation to hear somewhat from your tercession
the world, would for any in request upon offer coun
grace, of whose gentle and favourable mind to sellor,
wards me, I cannot doubt, howsoever the de bishops may spend.
claration thereof at this time be hindered by agreeing for mede
other by-persuasions, wherewith although your the other side; first
grace may be somewhat moved, I marvell not, market town the realm, and then hanged for
things may tried, example, the veriest varlet that ever was bi well satisfy myself, not minding any shop any realm christened, unless my lord
suit, havé shall Inake; otherwise press Canterbury could shew me either Scripture your grace than may conveniently obtained that said, some ancient writer, wherein
you the state you now present. And desire only see but one where commonly yet sue must congruence, for declaration two required every matter: but because
and therefore whiles
my humility, and also importunely sue, lest
the matter only faith, require but
one ancient writer, whereby
conscience some would might excuse myself
witness, that have continually seen my be
haviour, since the death our late sovereign
lord, and since my coming this prison. And grace, declare unto you what straits am yet my lord Canterbury, when sent for tyed inwardly my conscience very truth, me last out the Fleet, handled me with fair am tyed outwardly the world with words, declaring me man meet his opinion shame, whereby appeareth that resist not this
called the council again, adding how matter willful purpose, that like we, said, did daily chuse in, other that were not because was not counsellor, which
should seen contemn, and
into melancholy, proudly
world, which assure your grace
never had any such fantasy: Whereof they can
cared not for my have persuaded
entered
disdain the not, nor
least the world whipped, and hanged good men's judgments, and mine
have much more land all the
that were not worthy
were worthy for
the one side, dread on
own also. And this matter write unto your
whipped every
not appointed our late sovereign lord. They
words my lord Canterbury used me, for
worldly words, o were comfortable and far
necessity both sides my conscience before God and the other side but have not, thank God, the world abroad, whereof shewed not your
contrarious on the one side, the Fleet on
am even driven
that deceit which my lord Canterbury thought me, would seem think so, whereb
induce others were not moved the truth, but
#.
proof credit
liar,
cannot denied, let me
ministered them
think the same,
every thing,
abhor above all faults.
your grace special faults,
gether when looked saw every day, some new thing such sort fault, ought worthily condemn the work, have favoured Erasmus's name much any other, but never studied over this book till now, and now
exclude charity justification, Scripture failing doth indeed shew me but one ancient writer that writeth so, with offer yield and give place, which offer excludeth all stubbornness, and evil opinion that might
agree with them that said Erasmus laid the be conceived wilfulness me; now
eggs, and Luther hatched them: adding further, that the monstrous opinions that have
twenty days ago since spake with my lord Canterbury, when the strongest arguments
arisen, evil men had
wondrous occasion ad that book; and therefore that book will purge
made me were counsellor again,
agree, with hope
the Fleet from whence
made request the con
trust the matter
the evil opinion might gathered me,
came, for when
trary, said had such commission from
wherein offer prove that said with any the council, and here remain without bail
learned man, pain shame and rebuke, and mainprize, without comfort any my to be taken for malicolike beast. As for the friends servants, one divided from the
book Homilies, that point where my lord world, chaplain accompany me prayer, Canterbury would have taught how faith ex barber nor taylor for bodily neccssaries,
cludeth charity the office justifying, be nor liberty use physician for relief dis
such out
and ac
which
perverse frowardness, incumbered am, and yet
counted
say do, for any zeal Whereupon me seemeth my case miserable
one that like not his estate, and therefore used
cared not what became of him: The truth withstanding
whereof be otherwise God knoweth and used humble myself learn and abide; am able make the world sufficient proof yield myself opposed Oxford, that and testimony the contrary required: might say, yielded, learning had overcome First, the book Paraphrasis, me: when that was refused, offered myself
Fo:
whereof wrote school home, which offer yield the
aond other have shew great they truth. And although have maintain me, both trust: and doubt not, the matter itself shall the plain Scriptures, the doctors plain, and the sufficiently declare, that have done well plain act parliament: yet for conformity
against that book, assuring your grace, offered my lord Canterbury, yield that since my coming prison, many days to could shew me one Scripture affirming faith
were without cause obstinate, not such circumstances have
to
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501] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [592
ease, whereof I have need :, And your grace Scripture, which should rather desire do,
who I think would shew mé relief, for I will
never think want of good will in you, is percase
persuaded, by means that I'resist the truth wilfully, and that your grace may not in any
wise shew me the least comfort in the world,
for then no man shall rule me. And then your
grace that shewed so much favour to the earl of Southampton, late chancellor, wherein
then borrow the sword your grace hath the rule of, wherewith fear men, which mean
done,
reason stand alone against men, the world commended your gentieness, your undo them and myself also this world.