No More Learning

Before whom there appeared Robert Johnson the bishop's register,
and there did declare unto the commissioners that the bishop his master could not that
time personally appear before them without great danger his bodily health, because that
feared fall into fever reason cold that had taken too much overwatching
himself the last night before, whereby compelled keep his bed: nevertheless,
could without danger his bodily health would appear before them the same day after noon. This cycuse the judges were content
was
take good part. Yet said master secretary unto him the 18th September, the contents Smith, That were sick indeed, the cxcuse whereof hereunder follow.
was reasonable and allowed, but (quoth
with us, azid used hitherto such delays, that we
may mistrust that this but seigned excuse
how beit upon your faithful declaration we are
content tarry until one the clock after London, under mine accustomed protestation moon, and they did, willing Mr. Johnson given unto the articles late ministered and
signify then into then whether the bishop could exhibited against me here appear not. special protestation also, that
this court, with not intend
the said this realm
say cou
At which hour Robert Johnson and Richard any wise make answer Rogers gentlem, the bishop's chamber ap articles, otherwise than the law
any yeared again before the coulinissioners, declar- doth bind me do, nor speak
Let him take heed, for
age. 15. Ye shall also answer whether but the same king who hath made his think and believe that the king's majesty's sub judges, and the bench his council, and
may fortune He may appeal
made shorter the head. think good; but whe Rome may
say cannot appeal
unto the Articles ministered unto him the second time.
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603] STATE TRIAIS, 3 Epw. VI. 1550–for opposing Reformation. [60 k trary any thing that my former answers and the subjects bound oboy unto his grace,
have said done; and that
do, not nor shall not will full consent, and that perceive intend revoke
then, and then now,
was messenger, whose name know not, that came unto me Fulham, now remember,
chance me his laws, statutes, and ordinances, and his said with my good authority, well his minority his soon shall majority, not allowing, but expressly condemn
and now ing the opinion rebels holding the con that case re trary. ”
all honest and lawful purposes. —To After this, perceiving that master secretary the first article answer and say, that there Smith was somewhat more quick with him than
voke,
but not remember the day thereof, and
said that my lord protector's grace required law, but ever earnestly urged him direct
me come and speak with him. And thereupon, having made the said messenger
break his fast, repaired the court West
minster, but not upon the tenth day August,
but some other day the said month —To
his matter, and therewithal sometimes sharply rebuking him for his evil and stubborn behaviour towards them he deface his au
thority, thought, did also then exhibit writing Recusation the secretary's Judgment
the second say, that obscure, uncer against him. The form and manner whereof,
tain, and over general, especially those exhibited unto the judges, thought
words the same time, which may referred here also to exhibit unto the reader as herc the tenth August, and then inswer alrea under followeth:
others the commissioners, and that he would not suffer him any longer tially out the mat ter with his vain quidditics and subtilties
made thereunto, and may referred The Recusation the Judgment Sir Thomas
some other day the said inonth Au gust, either before the tenth August, after. And because remaineth undeclared,
Smith, made first time.
the 13ishop London, the
am not bound law answer unto nei
ther yet these words and sentences the
said article, wit, Then, and there, they
without declaration are uncertain, obscuré, wisdom, circumspection, learning, and indiffe and general, and before the specification and
declaration thereof, not bound herein make answer, specially having already made full
and sufficient answer this matter, according the commission, take and accord
rence, that exercising the office and room judge, they may and shall without hatred, malice, grudge against any person convented
called before them, uprightly, sincerely, and duely executing and doing their office unto them any wise committed and forsomuch also judgments and process ought have their due course, and proceed without suspicion corruption any wise, and finally forsomuch very dangerous appear
incompetent
ing unto the law; which also willeth, that
certain answer looked for, the position and
article must before certain. —To the 3d, 4th,
5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th,
and 14th articles, answereth after one
manner and sort, thus, that doth depend
of the former articles, which for causes judge, who commonly and accustomably aforesaid, saith, not bound law private and unlawful corrupt affection the make answer, especially having already made. one side, and for malice, hatred and envy born —Saving that the 6th, addeth thereunto,
that time heard the lord protector find fault, nor commanded deduced the said article, far doth find. Also sav ing the 7th article, where addeth neverthe less confessing and acknowledging, with heart and mouth, the king's majesty's authority and regal power and minority, well and full
his majority. Also saving the 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th articles, where addeth, they deduced they are not true, appeareth conferring one with another. --To the 12th and 11th articles, addeth they deduced they are not true; confessing nevertheless the
against the other side, rather serveth his carnal, corrupt, and wilful appetite, than any thing
king's majesty's authority and power regal,
before expressed. —To the 15th article
answereth and saith, That position 'liberty do, yea, hearing most favourably and
law, and that yet both now and heretofore effectually my nouns and enemies with hath made answer thereunto effect and sub both cars any thing that they shall alles-e, stance, appeareth his former answers, and purpose, attempt, do against me, though
shall always according the law and his their persons law are not any wise bounden duty, acknowledging, hath al heard admitted, nor yet their sayings true, ready done, the king's majesty's regal power and not hearing me much with one ear his minority less than majority, my lawful sayings and doings this behalf,
God,
equity, natural reason, and good laws do
the name
Amen. Forsomuch
require that judges shall that integrity,
and make defence before
else moved obedience and keeping good order, law, reason, touching him that
convented and compelled make answer against his will therefore Edinund bishop London, having perceived and felt the say ings, proceedings and doings you Thomas. Smith, knight, one the two principal secre taries the king's majesty, this matter at tempted and noved against ine, that have been, and yet continually are notorious and manifest enemy me the said Edmund, and much offended that should any wise ledge and say, use any such things for my most defence, the law giveth no licence and
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695] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings agains Bishop Bonner, [696
but contrariwise opening your mouth at large, ye have sundry times against good wisdom and
This Recusation ended, the secretary told him plain, that notwithstanding would proceed his commission, and would still his Judge
reason outraged in words and deeds against
me the said Edmund, saying among other
words, that I did as thieves, murderers, and him further, My lord, whereas you say your traitors are wont to do, being myself as ye un recusation that said, that you did like thieves,
truly did say, inward indeed culpable, and yet
outward otherwise unable to defend the matter
against me, but only by taking exceptions, and
making frivolous allegations against my judges
and commissioners, and that I have been and because you here virtue the king's com au, as sturdy, wilful, and disobedient, as may m
and upholding the rebels and their opinions, must and honour and reverence you; but and that I shall answer by mouth, or else smart but Thomas Smith, and say
like thieves, murderers,
. ission, and for that secretary his ma be in your judgment and opinion, maintaining jesty, and also one his highness's council,
ave said, that Tower, there to and joined with Ket and and traitors, say
and do worse, or else ye will send me to the
Humphrey Arundel the rebels; over and be case defy you, and
sides divers other threatenings and commina fear you not, and therefore, quod facis, fac tory words you pronounced and uttered un tius. --Whereat the archbishop with the other seemly, and far unmeet proceed out the commissioners said unto him, that for such his mouth you that are such room and place unreverent behaviour was worthy imprison
in. -And moreover, increasing your ment. —Then the bishop, more mad fury than malice, evil will and grudge born against me, before, said again unto him, God's name
have amongst other things untruly surmis may facto, send me whither you will, and ed, written, alledged, and said, that certain must obey you, and will, except send book articles and injunctions the lord pro me the devil, for thither will not for tector's grace the full council after certain you. Three things have wit) small por prescribed fashion and form the denuncia tion goods, poor carcass, and mine own tion, commission, and articles, which, facto soul the two first may take, though unjust were induced, brought and objected against you, but for my soul get not, Quia
ine, o
until he were otherwise inhibited; and said unto
murderers, and traitors, indeed said and may and will say again, since we perceive
your doings. --Whereunto the bishop
great and stout rage replied, saying, Well, sir,
upon me, and that
what can me,
was delivered unto
me;
semper. —Well,
and moreover an anima mea manibus meis
evil will and ungodly intent and purpose, con the secretary, then shall know that there trary the truth, have withdrawn, added, king. Yea, sir, saith the bishop, but that
altered, and qualified divers things the same, not you, neither, am sure, will, you take otherwise than they were spoken and done, and upon you. -No, sir, said again the secretary, yet are not ashamed alledge, write, and but we will make you know who and with say, that all true, and one consonant and that the commissioners commanded the bishop agreeable points with the other, where and the rest depart the chamber, until they indeed not and yet have further (de called for him again.
. . facto) against the law, the commis Now the meanwhile that the commission sion you directed, and against my just and ers were consultation, the bishop with Gil lawful allegations and sayings, proceeded un bert Bourne his chaplain, Robert Warnington lawfully and unjustly against me, attempting commissary, and Robert Johnson his regis many things against me unlawfully and un ter, were tarrying quadrant void place, be
justly, appeareth the acts
this fore the door of the same chamber. Where the far forth bishop leaning cupboard, and seeing
Inatter,
they make for me, and expedient
the which do refer me
me, chaplains very sad, said unto them effect and for me alledged, and referred unto followeth Sirs, what mean you why shew
yourself also unlawfully and unjustly (de facto) you yourselves with your colleagues, the which without you had appeareth me
sad and heavy mind,
your outward gestures and
begun the said unatters, proceeding where countenances?
the law ought not have done indeed, you
but abstained therefrom, heretofore sundry his hand upon his breast) for afore God am
good com
joyful
for God's cause, and
all.
roecuse you the said Thon Smith, un But the great matter that grieveth me and
times have alledged, appearing the acts not sad nor heavy, but merry and
this court; upon these just and reasonable fort, and am
glad
my griev
causes, according the order the king's ma trouble, which jesty's ecclesiastical laws, refuse, decline, and eth me nothing
and
this
competent, unmeet, and suspect judge, against pierceth my heart,
nue this behalf, and decline your pretended such other vile heretics and beasts be suffered
jurisdiction this matter for causes aforesaid, and licensed preach Paul's cross, and desiring nothing but justice, and offering myself other places within my diocese and cure, most and ready prove them far am detestably preaching and railing the blessed
jound, and cording the order the king's sacrament the altar, and denying the verity maj. 's coclesiastical laws this realm this be and presence Christ true body and blood hail, time, place, and otherwise shall require. ” there, and infect and betray my flock.
would wish you, and require merry am, (laying the rewith
o:
for that this Hooper and
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TRIALS, |. opposing
697] STATE 3 Edw. VI. 1550. —for the Reformation. [698
But I say it is there in very deed, and in that ric aforesaid the benevolence the famous
the revenues the same would permit, and have exercised and done things appertaining
opinion I will live and die, and am ready to
suffer death for the same. Wherefore, ye be
ing Christian men, I do require you and also
charge and command you in the name of God,
and on his behalf, as ye will answer him for the
contrary, that ye go to the mayor of London, bishop and lawful possessor the said bishop and to his brethren the aldermen, praying and ric, and am lawfully called, taken, and reputed also requiring them earnestly in God's name and notoriously and publicly; and moreover keep mine, and for mine own discharge on that be residence and hospitality the same, accord half, that from henceforth, when any such de ing the order, state, person, and dignity, and
testable and abominable preachers (and espe cially those which hold opinion against the
my pastoral office, the laws require, preach unto them, they forthwith depart out of hereafter trust God's grace and ob
blessed sacrament of the altar) do come to
their presence, and do not hear them, lest that serve, man good name and fame, neither they tarrying with such preachers, should not suspended, excommunicated, nor interdicted,
only hurt themselves in receiving their poisoned neither convict any notable crime fact, doctrine, but also give a visage to the encou always obeying readily the commandment ragement of others, which thereby might take the Church, and other my superiors all an occasion to think and believe that their er lawful causes, nevertheless fearing upon cer roneous and damnable doctrine is true and tain probable causes, likely conjectures, threat good: and this efisoons I require and command enings, and assertions certain injurious men you to do. —And then turning himself about, my enemies, the least, such little favour and beholding two of the archbishop's gentle Ine, that great damage may come me here men, which in the same place kept the chamber after about the premises part them; and door where the commissioners were in consul
With this the commissioners called for the
bishop again, who did read unto them in
strument, containing provocation the king, me the protection, tuition, and defence
which made manner and form here follow Ing:
Bishop
“In the name
pear men
An. Dom. 1549, the 20th day September, the 3rd year the reign our most high and renowned prince Edward the 6th, the grace
God king England, France, and Ireland, defender the faith, and earth the supreme head the Church England and Ireland,
chamber within the palace the said bishop,
situated London, and the presence me
the public notary, and the witnesses hereafter
named, the foresaid bishop did personally ap
pear, and there did shew forth writing cer
tain protestation, and appellation, the tenor written, there being present Gilbert Bourne whereof ensueth:
The first Appellation intimated
the premises, and me this behalf.
that will also protest, reform, and
ner
Edmund Bon London.
God, Amen.
this public instrument that
“In the name God, Amen. Edmund Bishop London, say, alledge, and propound before you, being public notary, and these
bert Colen, masters art, John Wakeling and
Richard Rogers learned men, being the dio
Worcester, Westminster, Coventry, Litchfield, and Gloucester, and specially re
shall ap
cese
the foresaid Edinund have attained the bishop quested witnesses the same. And
credible witnesses here present, that although
aw
memory king Henry the 8th, and was
fully same, elected and translated the
with rights and appurtenances, have
long time possessed peaceably and quietly the same, and presently possess, being taken
lest any man any authority, commandment, tation, and perceiving that they had heard denunciation, inquisition, office, the re
his talk, spake unto them also and said, And quest any person persons, may attempt
sirs, my lord Canterbury's gentlemen,
know very well; and therefore also re quire and charge you God's behalf, and
his name, that the like for your parts places where you shall chance see and hear such corrupt and erroneous preachers, and also advertise my lord your master the same, and
these my sayings that have now spoken here before you, are Christian men, and shall answer before God for the contrary.
prejudice hurt me my said dignity, ei ther my excommunication, interdiction, se questration, spoiling, vexing, and perturbing
i.
Edward the 6th the grace
England, France, and these my writings
most
sovereign God, king
any manner
means; mighty prince
appeal unto the
and
our
lord
provoke and appeal his regal majesty.
also require the apostles, much this case they are required, the first, second, and third time, earnestly, more earnestly, and most earnestly all, that there may given
my foresaid most dread sovereign lord, the
me, my dignity and title, and pos
safeguard
session
cleave
that will contented correct,
amend this my present protestation, and the same add, take away, and bring the same into the best form and state that may devised, the counsel learned men,
the case shall require, and the same intimate according time and place, and the order the law, and still shall require. '
“Upon the which things the foresaid Ed mund bishop London did require the public
notary hereunto written make unto him, and the witnesses hereafter named, one, two,
more copies this Protestation. These things were done the year, day, and time above
bachelor divinity, John Harpsfield and Ro
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699] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–1'roceedings against Bishop Bonner, 700
Francis Harward of the diocese of Worcester Well sir, might have becomed you right well and public notary by the king's regal authority, that my lord's grace here present, being first
forsomuch as I was present when the foresaid commission, and your better, should have done protestation, appellation, and other the premises Then the commissioners assigning him
were done, the year of our Lord, the year of the brought before them Monday next before reign of the king, the day of the month and noon, between seven and nine the clock
i.
the same, therefore to this present public in should not
strument, written faithfully with mine own present break
hand, I have put to my mark, being specially Now the bishop was departing with the requested unto the same. ” under marshal, great fury turned him
lace aforesaid, the witnesses above named the hall that place, there make full answer
and forsomuch as I did inact these
present, articles, why
Which thing after he had read, he did under self again toward the commissioners, and said his protestation first intimate unto the arch sir Thomas Smith; Sir, where have com bishop, the bishop of Rochester, and doctor mitted me prison, shall understand, that May, and then protesting also not to recede will require favour your hands, but shall
from his recusation, did likewise intimate the willingly suffer what shall same unto master secretary Smith, requiring the bolts my heels, yea, and
register to make an instrument as well there upon, as also upon his recusation, with witness to testify the same. —Then the delegates did again proceed to the examination of the last Answers, and finding the same imperfect, they demanded of him (according to the first article) what special day of August he was sent for
by the lord protector: to whom he obstinately
answered; that he was not bound to make ple and therefore require you, as you
other answer than he had already made, unless will answer God and the king, that ye will they did put their articles more certain: nei henceforth abstain thus do, for you do not, ther would he otherwise answer as long as Mr. will accuse you before God and the king's secretary Smith was there present, whom he majesty; answer well can. And had before recused, and therefore would not departed, using many reproachful words recede from his recusation. — The secretary, against sundry the common people, which seeing him so wilful and perverse, said sharply stood and spake him the way went.
else shew cause
declared pro confesso, did for that
that session.
about my middle, where
parting again yet returned once more, and foaming out his poison, said unto the archbishop, well, my lord, am sorry that being bishop
am thus handled more sorry that
your grace's hand but
suffer abominable heretics London and elsewhere,
put unto me, will, irons
will. —Then de
he
unto him, My lord, come off and make a full The sirth Action Process upon Monday the
and perfect answer unto these articles, or else we will take other order with you to your pain. —In faith, sir, then said the bishop again, I
thought ye had been learned, but now before God I perceive well that either ye be not learned indeed, or else ye have forgotten it : for I have so often answered lawfully and suf. ficiently, and have so oft shewed causes suffi cient and reasonable, why thereunto I ought
23rd September, had against Bonner Bishop London, before the Commissioners, the
great Hall Lambeth.
was assigned have heard the fourth act prosecuted the 18th September,
that upon Monday then next following, being
the 23rd day the same month, the bishop should again appear before the commissioners,
Lambeth, then shew should not declared
not by law to be compelled (you shewing no within the great hall thing to the contrary but sensuality and will) final cause why
that I must needs judge that you are too ig pro confesso, upon
norant herein. Well, said Mr. Secretary, ye had not fully answered. —According which will not then otherwise answer? No, said the assignment, the same 23rd day September, bishop, except the law do compel me. Then the bishop was brought before them the un said the secretary, call for the knight marshal, der-marshal (to whom for his disobedient and that he may be had to ward. obstinate behaviour he was before that time
With that all the rest of the commissioners
committed) and there did first declare unto charged the bishop, that he had at that time them, that his appearance that time and sundry ways very outragiously and irreverently place was not voluntary, but coacted, for that behaved himself towards them sitting on the was against his will brought thither by the king's majesty's commission, and especially to keeper the Marshalsea, and therewithal also
wards Thomas Smith
grace's secretary,
under his former protestation, recusation and appeal, did then again intimate general recu sation the commissioners, alledging the
and therefore, and for divers other contume
lious words which had spoken, they declared
they would commit him the Marshalsea. —
By this time the marshal's deputy came before
them, whom Mr. Secretary commanded take
the bishop prisoner, and keep him that man might come unto him, for did,
should him himself. When the secretary had cnded talk, the bishop said unto him,
same, that because the archbishop with all his colleagues had neither observed the order of their commission, neither yet proceeded against
practise they
insecting and disquieting the king's liege peo
the articles whereunto he
him after any laudable good fashion judg ment, but contrarywise had sundry times as well his absence, his presence, attempt
many things unlawfully against his person,
no sit
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701] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing Reformation. [702
dignity and state, especially committing him just and lawful causes have refused, recused strait prison, and yet commanding him and declined) have favoured, yea maintained, make answer; and further, because that supported and borne him, his unlawful and with the rest had proceeded commission with evil doings, also refuse, recuse, and decline Thomas Sumith, knight, supporting and main you my said lord with the rest your said col
taining his evil doings (notwithstanding that leagues agreeing and joining with you, and
the said bishop had before justly recused except against your proceedings, doings and
and declined from him) therefore did also jurisdiction there refuse and decline from the judgment persons
the said archbishop and his colleagues, and did further
suspect, and thereby unmeet proceed herein against me. —And alledge, that having been provoked except against their jurisdiction suspect, and the king's most excellent majesty, appear they thereby unmeet persons proceed against eth the tenor my provocation, remaining
him; therefore, according his former appeal, your acts, whereunto protest that in he intended submit himself under the tui tend adhere and cleave, submitting myself tion, protection, and defence the king's ma unto the tuition, protection, and defence his jesty; for whose honour and reverence sake said majesty this behalf, anywise ought (he said) they ought not proceed any further not regard the person and authority against him, but quietly suffer him use the his grace's royal power, ought do) pro benefit the recusations, provocations, ceed herein against me, especially for the ho and other lawful remedies before alledged, with nour and reverence ought have unto his
other superduous words, and seen followeth
The second Recusation made
Bishop
large read
majesty this behalf. And because ap peareth that not duely and circumspectly
Edmund Bonner London.
consider the same, ought do, but more and more grieve me; that considered, both here, purposes repeat my former re cusation, provocation, and other remedies that heretofore have used and mentioned in your said acts; And also these presents refuse, recuse, and decline you my said lord, and your said colleagues, and your jurisdiction, upon causes aforesaid, offering myself prompt. and ready prove the same, afore an arbiter and arbiters, according the tenor and form the law herein chosen requiring you all, for that honour and reverence ought
at
the name God, Amen.
Forasmuch good policies laws, especially this realm England,
admit and suffer him that convented before uncompetent and suspect judge, refuse him and decline his jurisdiction, much
both natural reason and
law and reason the one side willeth pro
cess run uprightly and justly, and that other side corruption and malice laboureth
the
bri
the contrary, and needeth therefore
dled; and because my lord Canterbury
with your colleagues this behalf (deputed
ye say commissioners against me) neither have
observed your said commission, neither yet pro tempted done, any thing any wise against ceeded hitherto against me after any laudable, Ine, unto my prejudice, but suffer me use lawful, any good fashion judgment, but and enjoy the benefit my said former and this
contrariwise, contrary your commission, and against the law, good reason and order, have sundry times, and sundry acts attempted and done many things against me unlawfully, unseemly, and unjustly, and suffer the like
attempted and done other, not reforming
and amending the same, appeareth divers grief and hurt that behalf, and that not only and sundry things remaining your acts. — intend appeal from you, but also, ac And moreover, because you my said lord with cording the king's ecclesiastical laws, ac your said colleagues, have both
sence, being with just causes
which according the laws
have fully alledged, and very sufficiently and mer appellation, the archbishop with the rest
justly proved according the order the told him plain that they would still his king's ecclesiastical laws, injuriously, and much judges, and proceed against him according
the hindcrauce my name, person, title, dignitv, and state, and also otherwise, specially my presence, against laws, good order,
the king's commission, until they did receive supersedeas, which did obtain, they
would gladly obey. —Then the bishop, seeing that they would still proceed against him, did there likewise intimate another Appellation
mine ab impediment
cuse and complain upon you, justly and truly both may and ought do. ”
this realm
Notwithstanding these Recusations, and for
and reason, without good cause ground, at
tempted and done many things against me, es
pecially touching mine imprisonment, sending unto the king's majesty, expressing therein me straight ward, and yet commanding me
make answer, appeareth your unlawful
effect other matter, but such already alledged the two former Recusations and Ap peal; saving that requireth, that letters di
acts. -I for these causes, and also for that
said ord and your said colleagues proceed missories appellatories might given hitn
ing with Thomas Smith, knight (whom upon according the law, and that for his better.
bear our said sovereign lord, and his laws
allowed and approved this behalf, that not attempt do, nor yet suffer
recusation, provocation, allegation, and other lawful remedies inentioned your said acts. And case facto, where ought not
jure attempt suffer any thing at tempted done against me any wise herein, protest herewith, and hereby, my great
sir
or
to
of all
-
In to v
in to
be
as an as“ IN
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be
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of
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:
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all by at to of to
703] STATE TRIALS, 3 Epw. 1590–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [704
safeguard did submit himself under the good rest, godliness, and prosperity, Written protection the king. —The commissioners for haste, this Monday morning, the 16th
all this stuck still unto their commission, and Sept. 1549. Your faithful beadsman and poor would not any case defer, but urged him bishop, Edmund Bonner. ”
straitly make more full answer his ar This Letter being read, the secretary de
ticles than had done. To whom the bishop manded of him whether he wrote not. To
said, that would stand unto his recusations whom would not otherwise answer, but that and appellations before made, and would not he would sell adhere and stand unto his former
make other answer. Then the delegates de recusations and appeals. Which the commis manded him what cause had alledge, sioners seeing, determined continue this case why ought not declared pro confesso state was until Friday then next follow upon the articles whereunto had not fully ing, between the hours eight and nine the answered, the bishop still answering (as be clock before noon, assigning the bishop
fore) that would adhere unto appella there the same time and place, then hear tion and recusation. Whereupon the archbi final decree this matter, still protesting shop, with consent the rest, seeing his per as before.
timacy pronounced him contumar, and pain The seventh Session Appearance Bonner
thereof declared him pro confesso, upon the upon Tuesday
Articles which he had not answered. This King's the 1st
October, Lambeth.
before the
done, master secretary Smith shewed forth Letter which the bishop London had before that time sent unto the lord mayor and the al
Commissioners
dermen the city London, the tenor where mission according their appointment, but
of ensueth as followeth.
deferred until Tuesday the first October then next following. Upon which day the bi shop appearing before them, the archbishop de clared unto him, that although upon Friday
decree and sentence this matter, yet forso
what list, teaching you detestably, that faith this behalf must not be coacted, but that
the mean while have acknowledged his fault, and have been contented make some part amends submitting himself according his
every man may believe
whereof, my presence might o duty,
lest
some have been seen
will reuson
and silence unto bounden should have found much
have allowed their he doctrine, given them,
favour;
sore and extreme
retical and betraying my flock
credit unto the Catholic sort,
orn .
against him,
was like
know departed yesterday from the heretic
now be, for which they were very sorry, es see the continuance of such stub
prater's charity, uncharitable and
disobedience, whereby they
could have Catholic should have done, leaving those there with him that already cast away, and will not re covered. For you, tarrying with him still, shall
not only hurt yourselves receiving his poi
soned doctrine, but also shall give visage that
their doctrine tolerable reason that are
content hear and say nothing against
And because cannot tell when shall speak prisoner his keeper, one the Marshal with you advertise you hereof, therefore sey, here before you my lord Canterbury and thought good for mine own discharge and yours, your pretended colleagues, under my former thus much write unto you, requiring and protestations heretofore
wished that you and other that
im.
enforced
were then give such sentence against
praying you again and again God's behalf, you and remaining
and for mine own discharge, that suffer not this my presence here
yourselves abused with such naughty tary, nor mine own free will and consent, preachers and teachers, hearing their evil but utterly coacted and against my will, and doctrine that shall perceive them about that being otherwise sent for brought before
sow. And thus our blessed Lord long and you than am (that prisoner) would not, well preserve you with this noble city being liberty, have come and appeared before
Upon Friday the commissioners, for divers
urgent causes letting them, did not com
Bonner's Letter men
the Lord Mayor and Alder London.
“To the right honourab my very good
they appointed pronounce
last had their final
le
London, with his
i.
and
dear and worship much they thought that that sentence, al
lord the lord mayor
worshipful brethren, my
ful friends, with speed: R with
iny very humble recommendations; where
have perceived late, and heard with mine only deferred the same until this day, but mind ears, what vile beasts and heretics have preach ing more friendly him then was
unto you, rather like themselves prated himself, and use more easy, and gentle refor and railed against the most blessed sacrament mation towards him, had also made such suit the altar, denying the verity and presence and means for him, that although had grie Christ's true body and blood there, vously offended the king's majesty, and very giving you and the people liberty believe disobediently behaved himself, yet would
ig
ht honourable,
though they just had
give
have been very sore against him, they had not
cause
should
the sentence should not have been
l
The Bishop nothing regarding this gen
and friendly admonition and favour, but per sisting still his wonted contumacy, drew forth Paper, whereon read these words follow
ing
“I Edmund bishop London brought
me made before your act, declare that this time not volun
in all
ye
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of
705] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing Reformation. [706
you, but would have declined and refused that matter; pronouncing him contumacem make any appearance all, and would have unreasonably without good cause, and further
absented myself from you, lawfully and well assigning the term audiendum finale de might have done, standing using and en cretum, and committing him straight
joying and singular my lawful remedies and prison, appeareth their acts. Therefore defences heretofore used, exercised and enjoy did not only abundanti, omnen juris ed, especially my provocation, and appellation cautelam, decline and refuse their pretended heretofore interponed and made unto the king's jurisdiction before, but also these presents most excellent majesty, whom estsoons, here shewed did appeal from the said arch abundant, have both provoked and appealed, bishop Canterbury, and the rest, unto the
and also made supplication, appeareth these writings, which, under protestation afore
king's majesty, asking also those letters ap peal which the law doth admit, saying, did not intend from his former provocations and appellations, but join and cleave unto them every part and parcel, submitting him self the protection and defence the king's majesty; and therein made intimation
said,
do exhibit and leave here with the ac
tuary this cause, requiring him make
instrument thereupon, and the persons here
present bear record that behalt; espe cially the intent may appear, better acknowledge the king's majesty's authority even
his tender and young age, provoking and appealing his majesty, my most gracious
sovereign and supreme head with submission
his highness (as appeareth my appellation
and other remedies) for my tuition and defence,
then othersome mean you my lord Canterbury and your said pretended colleagues)
which law and good reason ought have deferred and given place unto such provoca tion, appellation, and supplication, hereto fore lawfully have been me interponed, and made unto his majesty's most royal person and
sovereign authority this behalf. ”
As soon the bishop had read these words,
he did deliver well that paper also two
other, unto the actuary, the one containing
Appellation, and the other Supplication, unto
the king's majesty; which Appellation beginneth
thus: the name God, Amen. Wherein
first shewed how naturally every creature Paul's, also well from their unjust in declineth gladly from that thing which goeth terlocutory, also their definitive sentence, about hurt and also seeketh help and re whereby law onght have liberty come medy withstand such hurts and injuries. abroad and prosecute the same, yet such the Further shewed that found experi malignity the judges against me, with bear ence hurtful and dangerous trust him ing and maintenance other which sundry that once hath hurt and beguiled, lest might and many ways have sought Iny run and add more, rather than take ought from. destruction, that am here penned and locked IMoreover he shewed, that he had found here up, used very extremely their pleasure, and tofore the hauds the archbishop Can for the contentation the said master Smith, terbury and the rest the colleagues this not suffered find sureties, abroad matter, much extremity and cruelty, injuries, prosecute and sue my said appellation. losses, and griefs, contrary God's law, and consideration whereof, may please your said
the archbishop
colleagues,
Canterbury, and his said
intents and purposes that Furthermore, touching
might come thereof.
the supplication above mentioned, which Bon
ner (as we said) put writing the Com
missioners, the copy thereof hereunder likewise ensueth
The Supplication Bonner the Chancellor.
England, with all the rest the Privy Council.
“PLEASE your most honourable good lord ships, with my most humble recommendations,
understand, that albeit have according
the laws and statutes this realin, and against justice, charity and good order, being well as sured they were not stayed but proceeded, they would add more evil evil, loss loss, displeasure displeasure, (said he] their
servants have reported, and they agreeably
shew the same. Again the said appeal without further extending my letter therein, shewed that the bishop Canterbury and the considering that your great wisdoms, experi
good lordships take some order and redress herein, especially for that now the time that the king's subsidy, now due, ought
called upon, and justice also ministered unto his majesty's subjects, which being now
ence, and goodness can gather little, what expedient and necessary for the whole,
beseech Almighty God preserve and keep they have not done (said he that they have well your honourable good lordships. Writ not given place his provocations and appella ten haste this 7th October, 1549, the tions heretofore made unto his grace, justly Marshalsea. Your honourable lordships poor and lawfully, and upon good and just causes, orator, and most bounden beadsman, Edmund
namely, for the unjust grief, they did against London. ”
him, which said appear the acts These things ended, the archbishop said unto
other commissioners ought have considered and done better that matter for honour and
obedience the king's majesty, which hitherto
vol.
the laws, statutes, and ordinances this realm made supplication, provocation, and appella tion unto the king's most excellent majesty,
from the unlawful and wicked process the archbishop Canterbury, the bishop Ro chester, master secretary Smith, and the dean
am, cannot suffered do. And thus
i.
if at to to to he In
toto asto
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as
707] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [70s
him. My lord, where you say that you come from the bishopric London, and further
coacted, or else you would not have appeared, I do much marvel of you. For you would
thereby make us and this audience here be lieve that because you are a prisoner, ye ought not therefore to answer. Which if it were
the same appeareth, tenor followeth
Sententia deprivationis lata contra Edmundum London. Episcopum.
“IN Dei nomine, Amen. Nos Thomas mi true, it were enough to confound the whole seratione divina Cantuar. Archiepiscop. totius
state of this realm. For I dare say, that of the Angliae Primas Metropolitanus, Nicholaus greatest prisoners and rebels that ever your eaden miseratione Roffensis Episcopus, Tho keeper there (meaning the under-marshal) hath mas Sinith miles, illustrissimi Christo prin had under him, he cannot shew ne one that cipis Domini nostri Domini Edwardi sexti, hath used such defence as you have here done. Dei gratia, Angliae, Francia, Hybernia. Re —Well (quoth the bishop) if my keeper were gis, fidei defensoris,
learned in the laws, I could shew bim my mind Anglicanae supremi
therein. Well, said the archbishop, I have principalium alter,
read over the laws well you, but Civilis Doctor, Ecclesiae Cathedralis divi Pauli another end and purpose than you did, and yet decanus, dicti illustrissimi principis, do
can find such privilege this matter. Then master secretary Smith did very sore burthen and charge him, how disobediently and rebel
liously had always behaved himself towards the king's majesty and authority. Where
upon, the bishop under protestation answered again, That was the king's majesty's lawful and true subject, and did acknowledge his highness his gracious sovereign lord, else would not have appealed unto him
mini nostris regis, infra scripta, una cum eximio viro domino Wilhelmo Petro Mulite, ejusdem serenissimae regiae majestatis etian Secretariorum principalium altero, Commis sarii sive Judices delegati cum ista clausa, vide licet, Deputamus vos quinque, quatuor vel tres vestrüm, &c. Recte legitime deputati con trate Edmundum permissione divina London. Episcopum causa causis, literis Com missionalibus dictae serenissimae Regiae Majes
terris Ecclesia capitis, Secretariorum Wilhelmus May, Juris
did, yea, and would gladly lay his hands and tatis express. specificat. rite legitime pro
his neck also under his grace's feet, and there cedentes judicialiter inquirentes, auditisque
fore desired that his highness's laws and jus per nos intellectis primo examine debit. tice might ministered unto him. —Yea, mature discussis meritis circumstantiis causae
quoth master secretary, you say well my lord, causarum inquisitionis ejusmodi, servatisque but pray you what other hath these rebels ulterius per nos jure hac parte servandis both Norfolk, Devonshire, and Cornwall, and praesentia tui Episcopi antedicti, judicialiter
other places done Have they not said thus? coram nobis constituti, protestantis coac We the king's true subjects, we acknow tione, casteris, prout ultima protesta
ledge him for our king, and we will obey his laws, with such like; and yet when either com mandment, letter, pardon was brought unto
tione hodie per facta continetur, definitio nem causae causarum hujusmodi, prolation em
que sententiae, nostrae sive nostri finalis decreti, super eisdem ferendam sic duximus proceden duin, procedimus hunc qui sequitur mo– dum. Quia tam per acta inactitata, deducta,
them from his majesty, they believed not,
but said was forged and made under hedge,
and was gentlemen's doings, that indeed they
neither would nor did obey any thing. —Ah proposita, exhibita, allegata, probata, pariter sir, said the bishop, perceive your meaning; confessata causa causis hujustmodi, fac
who should say that the bishop London ta, habita justa, quam per confessionem tuam rebel like them. Yea, my troth, quoth propriam, factique notorietatem, alia legiti
the secretary. Whereat the people laughed. Then the dean Paul's said unto him, That
marvelled much, and was very sorry see him untractable, that would not suffer the judges speak. To whom the bishop dis dainfully answered; Well,Inaster dean, you must
deal more other such stubborn and contemp habitis, tam eas honestares tua praesentia. tuous talk and behaviour towards theim. Which quam possis eos accusare, (si qui male ibi
the commissioners weighing, and perceiving dem concionarentur) te tainen contra non so likelihood any tractable reason him, de lum abusse, sed etian scriptis literis, Majorera
say somewhat. And likewise another time the dean was speaking, interrupted him
batos Ecclesiae ritus hoc regno sequerentur,
quibus rebus tua Diocesis Londinensis, praeci and said, You may speak when your turn com pue erat infamata, inquireres, teque facere eth. Then said secretary Smith, would you omnino neglexisse: Item expresse tibi per Re knew your duty. would quoth again, gian Majestatem prescriptum fuisse, utipse you knew well with infinite Episcopus adesses concionibus crucem Pauli
termined that the archbishop, with their whole London. Aldermannos, inde recederent consent, should that present there openly admonuisse exhortatum fuisse: Item, inter read and publish their final decree sentence alia quoque per Regiam Majestatem tibii
definitive against him. Which did, pro juncta mandatis tibi datum suisse, quod ar nouncing him thereby be clean deprived ticulum queudalu, statum reipublica, tune per
ma documenta, evidentem invenimus, corn pertum habemus praefatum Episcopum Lon
don. inter castera, pro meliori officii tui pasto ralis administratione, mandatis habusse, ut
his qui duas aut tres uxores maritos unum haberent, aut qui externos non pro
to
as
hishis as in
of at
ofit to as
be
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709] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing Reformation.
niciossima rebellione proditorum contra illum ar next and immediately under God here
ticulum sentientium gravissime perturbatae prae supreme head, and unto his court
cipue concernent, propterea supremum,neces parliament, the laws, statutes, and ordi sarium, specialiter tibi injunctum, videlicet;” nances this realm will suffer and hear this ‘'Ye shall also set forth your sermon, that behalf, desiring instantly first, second and third,
“our authority our royal power
truth according the laws, letters, reverential
“it less authority and force
“younger age, than and was any our this behalf, with things expedient, requi “predecessors, though the same were much site, necessary any wise; and thereupon “elder, may appear example Josias
‘and other young kings scripture. And
“therefore our subjects less bound
‘to the obedience our precepts, laws and
“statutes, than we were thirty forty years
age. '—Apud crucem sive suggestum Divi
this our dimissories, given and delivered unto ine
parte pre
fixo, limitato publica tua concione, tunc ter, and thereupon will defer not defer his
Pauli London. certo die tibi
the king's majesty what done this mat
ibidem populo recitares, explicares, teque modo forma praemissa eundem articulum juxta mandatum, officii tui debitum recitare explicare minime curasse, sed contumaciter
his grace's pleasure given then this, the said bishop
inobedienter omisisse, maximum Regiæ
Majestatis contemptum, ejus regni praju my imprisonment? Will keep me still
dicium non modicum, necnon subditorum suorum malum perniciosum exemplum, con tumacianque inobedientiam multiplicem tam
hac nostra inquisitione, quam alias perpe
trasse, commisisse contraxisse; Idcirco nos
Thomas Cantuariensis Archiepiscopus Primas Metropolitanus, judexque delegatus antedic
prison Shall not now liberty pro
secute mine appeal? To whom the Archbishop answering, said, That they perceived now nore
that matter than they did the first, and that this matter more greater rebellion then aware and therefore said that yet
they would not discharge him, and thereupon they committed him again his keeper pri son. ”
also the said bishop required the public notary actuary, William Say, make instru
lood
ment, and the witness and other
pre
sent record the same. To whom appeal ing, and requiring afore, the said Judges de legate said, that they will declare and signify
said appellation, according
and commandment shall
that behalf, and after
London said them, Jan functi estis officio. What will your grace with me now, touching
[710
earth, chancery
tus, Christi nomine primitus invocato, ipsum
solum Deum oculis nostris praeponentes,
cum expresso consensu pariter assensu Col This talk finished, the Archbishop consider legarum nostrorum praedictorum una nobiscum ing that most the audience there present assidentium, deque cum concilio Jurisperito did not understand the meaning the sentence
rum, cum quibus communicavinus hac parte, Te Edmundum London. Episcopum antedictum tuo Episcopatu London.
una cum suis juribus pertinentibus commoditatibus,
being read the Latin tongue, said them, Because there many you here that under stand not the Latin tongue, and cannot tell what judgment bath been here given, shall therefore shew you the effect thereof; and therewith did declare English the causes ex pressed the sentence, adding thereunto these
quibuscunque deprivan
carteris emolumentis
dum prorsus amovendum fore jure de bere, pronunciamus, decerninus declaramus,
prout per praesentes sic deprivamus amove words: “Because my lord London found
mus per hanc nostram sententiam definitivain, sive hoc nostrum finale decretum, quam sive quod serimus promulgamus scriptis. ”
Which ended, the Bishop immediately did therefrom appeal word mouth, alledging, that the same sentence there given against him, was ler nulla. The tenour whose words
thought here express, according they were him uttered, this wise followeth
guilty these matters, therefore we have here our sentence deprived him our bishopric London; and this we shew unto you the
intent that from henceforth shall not esteem him any more bishop London. ' Then Bon ner desired the archbishop declare likewise what had done, and how had appealed. But the other, seeing his froward contempt, re fused saying, You may yourself. Whereupon very disdainfully again said, Jam
“I
bishop London, brought
and kept here prisoner against consent functi estis officio. What will your grace do
Edmund
and will, under my former protestation heretofore made, and the intent may also
appear, that have not, being here this place, consented nor agreed any thing done against me and my prejudice, alledge and say that this sentence given here against me,
ler nulla and forth be aliqua, say iniqua
with me touching my imprisonment? Will you keep me still prison —To whom the com
missioners answered, that they perceived now more the matter than they did before, and that his behaviour was more greater rebellion
was aware and therefore they would not discharge him, but committed him again his keeper kept prison. Where most
justly remained until the death that most wor
therefore from
shall appear injusta, and that injusta, appeal
iniqua
the most excellent and noble king Edward thy and godly prince king Edward 6th. After
the 6th, the grace God, king England, which time wrought most horrible mischief
France, and Ireland, defender the faith, and and cruelties against the saints God, ap the Church England and also Ireland, peareth eatter throughout the whole reign
ofto
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711] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1590–Proceeding: against Bishop Bonner, 7 12
of queen Mary. From the executing of the against me the said persons. And your
which like tyranny the Lord of his great mercy said lordships, over and besides the furtherance
keep other such, amen. justice many ways Now, immediately after his deprivation, and the collection
writeth out the Marshalsea other letters sup sidy now levied
rein me and other, the king's majesty's sub
the clergy my dio plicatory unto the lord chancellor, and the rest cese, which hitherto hath been and stayed
the king's council. Wherein thus com reason the premises, shall also bind me plaineth, that reason the great enunity most greatly and intirely pray daily for the that the duke of Somerset and sir Thomas good preservation your said most honourable Smith bear unto him, his often and earnest good lordships honour, felicity, and joy, suits unto the king and his council could not long continue and endure unto God's plea heard. He therefore most humbly desireth sure. Writtch the Marshalsea, the 20th their lordships, for the causes aforesaid,
tain Supplication, conceived and directed king's unajesty, out the said prison Marshalsea.
the the
him hath, and shall be, was his father before. Then he declared how he had been
belied evil men, and misreported not bear true heart bis grace, but rebellious mind, denying his royal power his minority, where indeed saith, his grace should find
him always during life both heart, word, and decd and acknowledge otherwise, and
most willing shew, &c. and
other things for his grace, willingly any
other subject, those that were his de nouncers, who thought were not sent his grace, but pretended commissioners, &c. Fur ther, complained his denunciation cer tain commissioners, who said they were sent
his grace, alledging the same not lawful; and his long and sharp imprisonment, and that the commissioners observed neither law nor
con October, 1549. Your lordships most faithful prose and assured beadsman, Edmund London. ”
sider him, and him have liberty
cute his matter before them, and
daily pray for the good preservation
honours, appeareth the words
Supplication hereunder following. —Thus after
the commissioners had finished with Bonner, the which Supplication, first after the used
being now prisoner the Marshalsea, leav form stile, prayed for the prosperous
ing shift the law unsought how work estate the king long reign. Then for himself well might, drew out cer shewed that his faithful heart and service
would their his own
Supplication made and directed Edmund Bonner, late Bishop London, the King's
Majesty, out the Prison the Marshalsea.
the right honourable, my Lord Chancellor England, with all the rest the most ho mourable Privy Council.
“PLEASE your most honourable good lord ships with my most humble commendations understand, that albeit heretofore have made
such suit, and such persons cannot de vise make more, more higher, that
wit, the king's most excellent majesty,
and his most gracious persons divers sorts,
and also unto your most honourable good lord ships being privy council, for redress
such notable and manifest injuries and extre mities have been contrary law, honesty,
and good reason inflicted ipon me my lord Canterbury, my lord Rochester, doctor
reasonable order, but extremity. And where had made appeal his grace, and could Smith, and doctor May yet because the said not have it; desired have law prosecute
doctor Smith being minister the duke and sue his appeal for his remedy, and that he, Souyerset, and they both my deadly enemies, considering his vocation, might not shut hath sundry ways studied and laboured my ruin and put from liberty, which his meanest sub and destruction, staying and letting heretofore jects have. —Then desired his grace's letters
my lawful remedies and suits, having therein supersedeus against the commissioners, and help and furtherance these two other afore that the matter might heard before the said persons, being ready foot and hand council, and then doubted not but accomplish their desires and pleasures, found true faithful man, and herein have shall this present, having for time forborn wrong. the end concluded, this,
trouble (for good respects) your most honour prostrating himself even the very ground, able good lordships with any my suits, and and humbly kissing grace's feet, the especially for your other manifold great affairs only thing which humbly desired, &c.
the king's majesty's business, myself yet, the mean while, neither wanting good will, nor yet
just cause (being where am) make such suit, renew my suit, and most humbly beseech your most honourable good lordships give
ine leave make most humble supplication again your said lordships, for honest and
lawful liberty prosecute my appellation and
supplication heretofore made the king's most excellent maj sty, and according the law make my suit for redress the said great and manifest injuries, extremities, and wrongs done
This done, and the Supplication perused, the
king estsoons giveth
ment certain men
and persons skilful
lord Rich high chancellor, the lord treasurer, the lord marquis Dorset, the bishop Ely, lord Wentworth, Anthony Wingfield, William Harbert, knts. Dr. Rich, Wootton, Edw. Montague lord chief justice, John Baker, knt. with judge Hales, John Gosnold, Dr. Oliver, and also Dr. Layson, that they scanning and perusing such acts, matters,
-
charge and command honour and worship, the law, the
-
at to no
to asto as
all
to
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713] STATE TRIALS, Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing Reformation. [714
and monuments of the said Bonner by him ex soons, after diligent discussion and considerate hibited, produced, propounded, and alleged, advisement had and singular the pre
with and singular his Protestations, Recusa mises gave their resolute answer that the pre tions, and Appellations, should upon mature tended appellation Edmund Bonner afore consideration thereof give their direct answer said was naught and unreasonable, and no upon the same, whether the Appellation the wise referred unto, and that the sentence said Bonner were deferred unto, whether was rightly and justly pronounced. And this the Sentence defined against him stood the was the conclusion Bonner's whole matter law sufficient and effectual, not. Who eft and Deprivation. *
“Queen Mary sooner ascended the his person Bonner was fat and corpulent, his throne, than Bonner was restored his ho character was ferocious and vindictive, his nours, and made President the Convocation knowledge divinity was not extensive, but instead Cranmer now disgraced. his neo was well versed politics and canon law. office displayed the native ferocity his He wrote some tracts now deservedly for character. He not only dismissed and excom gotten. ” Lempriere.
municated several the clergy, but com the first edition Fox's Acts and mitted some hundreds the flames for not re Monuments, there wooden print Bon
nouncing the doctrines the Reformation, and ner the act whipping Thomas Hinshawe. every accusation shewed himself the worthy Sir John Harrington tells us, that “when Bon
ner was shewn this print the book Mar tyrs purpose vex him, laughed
saying, vengeance the fool, how could
get my picture drawn right. ’ This man, whom nature seems have designed for executioner, was ecclesiastical judge the reign Mary. He reported have con demned less than 200 innocent persons
10th year his confinement, 5th September
1569, and was excommunicated, his body
was privately buried midnight St. George's
church-yard, Southwark, that public cere
mony might not draw more strongly the indig but empty bowels. ' He died the Mar nation the populace against his remains. shalsea, the 5th Sept. 1569. ” Grainger.
46. Proceedings against Sir JAMES HALEs, Justice the Court Common Pleas, for his conduct the Assizes Kent:
Mary, Tracts,
minister bloody reign. On the death Mary paid respects the new queen,
but Elizabeth turned away from man stained with the blood suffering innocence, and the
bigoted ecclesiastic soon after, when summoned before the Council, refused take the oaths allegiance, and was again deprived his bishopric, and imprisoned. He died about the
the flames; and have caused great numbers suffer imprisonment, racks, and tortures.
*
He was remarkably fat and corpulent; which made one say him, ‘that was full guts,
1553. Fox's Acts and Monum. 19. Somers' coll. vol. 95. ]
MR. Fox introduces this short but interesting
life queen Mary's cause, that would
procedure thus: The first day
was crowned the same month
October 1553, queen Mary Westminster, and the 10th
October then following began
not subscribe the uninheriting the king's will, yet that did
her quarter
the parliament with solemn mass the Holy
Ghost, after the popish manner, celebrated with was imprisoned the Marshalsea, Counter,
great pomp the palace Westminster. and Fleet, and cruelly handled and put Mass being done, the queen, accompanied fear talk that the Warden the Fleet used
with the estates the realm, was brought into
the parliament house, there according the
manner enter and begin the consultation,
which consultation parliament were repealed
all statutes onade the time king Henry the
8th for Premunire, and statutes made king
Edward the 6th's time for Administration of but after that he never rested till he hai Common Prayer and the Sacrament the Eng drowned himself river, half mile from his lish tongue. And such would stick the house Kent.
laws made king Edward's time, till others The CoMMUNICATION between the Lord Chan
should established, some them were marked, and some presently apprehended. Among whom James Hales, knight Kent, and justice the common pleas, was one; who notwithstanding had ventured his
sessions give charge upon the statutes made
the time king Henry the 8th and Edward the 6th, the supremacy and religion,
have his hearing, such torinents were preparing for heretics, (or for what other cause God knoweth) that sought rid him
self out this life wounding himself with knife; and afterward was contented say as they willed him: whereupon was discharged
(Stephen
ter) and Judge Hales, being there among other Judges, take his Oath Westminster
cellor
Hall, Oct. 1553.
Gardner
bishop
Winches
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715] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. -Proceedings against Lady Jane Grey, [716
Master Hales, ye shall understand, that God hath given me, will nothing but like as the queen's highness hath heretofore will maintain and abide and my conceived good opinion of you, especially for goods and that have not able coun that ye stood both faithfully and lawfully in her terpoise the case, my body shall ready cause of just succession, refusing to set your serve the turn; for they the queen's hand to the book among others that were against highness pleasure.
her grace in that behalf: so now, through Cha. Ah sir, very quick and stout your own late deserts against certain her high your answers. But should seem, that ness's doings, ye stand not well in her grace's which you did was more will favouring the favour ; and therefore before ye take any oath, opinion your religion against the service it shall be necessary for you- to make your pur now used, than for any occasion zeal gation. justice, seeing the queen's highness doth set
Hales. I pray you, my lord, what is the forth yet, wishing her faithful subjects
cause *
Chan. Information is given, that ye have in offer both body and goods
and where you your trial, there your hands, and
dicted certain priests in Kent for saying mass. such matter required
Hales. My lord, it is not so, I indicted yet shall not have your own will neither.
none; but indeed certain indictments of like matter were brought before me at the last assizes there holden, and I gave order therein
Hales. My Lord, seek not wilful will, but
required.
professed
the
justice sake,
For I have
whose other res
willingly
set apart, did late, your lordship
conscience, and if it were to do again, I would God, wherein am ready adventure well do no less than I did. my life my substance, called there Cha. Yea, master Hales, your conscience is unto. And lack mine own power and
as the law
law, against which in cases of justice I will never, God willing, proceed, nor in any wise
for
weth,
dissemble, but with the same shew forth my for my religion, trust such pleaseth
tno
embrace accordingly
shew myself nd obedience
am bound
love God,
cause a[.
the
queen's majesty,
adventure much had. And
known well enough, I know you lack no con will, the Lord's will fulfilled.
science. . Chan. Seeing you this point master Hales. My lord, you may do well to search Hales, will presently make end with you.
your own conscience; for mine is better known The queen's highness shall to myself than to you: and to be plain, I did opinion and declaration. as well use justice in said mass case by shall thereupon determine,
informed your And her grace shall have know
law, fully
my conscience, as by wherein I am ledge. Until such time
may depart bent to stand in trial to the uttermost that can came, without your oath for ap
be objected. And if I have therein done any
peareth, are scarce worthy the place ap pointed.
injury or wrong,
for will seek chiefly that
me judged the law; better defence, considering
my profession.
Hales. thank your lordship and
my vocation, being both burden and
for
Cha. Why master Hales, although you had charge more than ever desired take upon
the rigour the law your side, yet might have had regard the queen's highness present doings that case. And further, though seem
law, yet think
me; whensoever shall please the queen's highness ease me thereof, shall most hum bly with due contentation obey the same and
departed from the bar.
Not many days after this Communication,
colloquy, Westminster-hall, which was Oct.
1553, Master Hales the commandment
the extremity
gathered against your proceedings
have sometime taken upon you justice, and were well tried,
Cott.
Somers' Tracts,
coll. vol. 174. Biog. Brit. ]
solemnised the month May, between the lord Gilford, son the duke Northumber land, and the lady Jane, the duke Suffolk's
more than precise the
would very loth
yield might
such advantage
the law, place believe
the bishop was committed the King's- bench, where he remained constant until Lent: should not well able stand honestly then was he removed the Counter Bread
thereto. street, and afterward from thence was carried Hales. My lord, am not perfect, but the Fleet. What afterwards befell him, has
may err for lack knowledge. But both been before related. conscience, and such knowledge the law
47. Proceedings against Lady JANE GREY, and Others, for Treason: Mary, 1553. Fox's Acts and Monuments, 13. Bib.
WHAT time, says Fox, king Edward
long sickness began appear more feeble and
weak, the mean while during the time
this his sickness, certain marriage was pro daughter; whose mother being then alive, was vided, concluded, and shortly also upon the same daughter Mary, king Henry's second sister,
a
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as
717] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. -and others, for High Treason. [71s
who first was married to the French king, and brother the king, our late sovereign lord, afterward to Charles, duke of Suffolk. But to departed God's mercy; which news how make no long tarriance hereupon, the marriage woeful they unto our heart, only know being ended, and the king waxing every day eth, whose will and pleasure we must, and more sick than other, whereas indeed there humbly submit and our wills. But seemed in him no hope of recovery, it was this lamentable case, that wit, now brought to pass by the consent not only of the after his majesty's departure and death, con nobility, but also of the chief lawyers of the cerning the crown and governance this realm, that the king by his Testament did ap realin England, with the title France, and
int the foresaid lady Jane, daughter to the things thereto belonging, what hath been duke of Suffolk, to be inheretrix unto the crown provided act parliament, and the testa of England, passing over two sisters, Mary ment and last will our dearest father, besides and Elizabeth. To this Order subscribed all other circumstances advancing our right, you the king's Council, and the chief the nobility, know, the realm, and the whole world knoweth, the mayor and city London, and almost the rolls, and records appear the authority the judges and chief lawyers this realin, the king our said father, and the king, our saving only justice Hales Kent, man both, said brother, and the subjects this realm; favouring true religion, and also upright that we verily trust that there good true
judge, any hath been noted this realin, subject, that can, who, giving his consent unto lady Mary, would ignorant thereof: and
case subscribe lady Jane. The causes ourselves caused, and,
would pretend
our part we have
God shall aid and laid against lady Mary, were well for that strengthen us, shall cause our right and title
was feared she would marry with stranger, this behalf published and proclaimed ac and thereby intangle the crown; also that cordingly. And albeit this weighty matter
she would clean alter religion, used both seemeth strange, that our said brother dying king Henry her father, and also king Edward upon Thursday night last past, we hitherto her brother's days, and bring the pope, had knowledge from you thereof, yet we the utter destruction the realm, which in consider your wisdom and prudence such, deed afterward came pass, the course that having eftsoons amongst you debated, and sequel this story may well appear. pondered, and well weighed this present case
Much probable matter they had thus con with our estate, with your own estate, the com jecture her, reason her great stubborn mon-wealth, and our honours, we shall and ness shewed and declared her brother's days, may conceive great hope and trust with much the letters before mentioned, passing be assurance your loyalty and service, and tween her and king Edward, and the council, therefore for the time interpret and take things
may appear. The matter being thus concluded, not the worst; and that will, like noble and after confirmed every man's hand, king men, work the best. Nevertheless we are not Edward, imp great hope, not long after ignorant your consultations undo the pro this departed the vehemency his sickness, visions made for our preferment, nor the
when was years age; with whom also great bands and provisions forcible wherewith
decayed manner the whole flourishing assembled and prepared, whom, and
estate and honour the English nation. what end, God and you know, and nature When king Edward was dead, this Jane was can but fear some evil. But be that some
established the kingdom the nobles con consideration politic, whatsoever thing else sent, and was forthwith published queen hath moved you thereto, yet doubt you not my proclamation London, and other cities lords, but we can take these your doings where was any great resort, and was there gracious part, being also right ready remit taken and named. Between this young dam and fully pardon the same, and that freely,
sel and king Edward there was little difference eschew blood-shed and vengeance against age, though learning and knowledge those that can will intend the same, trusting
the tongues she was not only equal, but also also assuredly you will take and accept this superior unto him, being instructed master grace and virtue good part appertaineth, right nobly learned. her fortune had been and that we shall not be inforced use the
good was her bringing up, joined with service other our true subjects and friends, fineness wit, undoubtedly she might have which this our just and right cause, God, seemed comparable not only the house whom our whole affiance shall send us. Vespasians, Sempronians, and mother the Wherefore my lords, we require you and charge
Gracchies, yea, any other women beside, you, and every you, that your allegiance that deserved high praise for their singular which you owe God and us, and none learning; but also the university-men, which other, for our honour and the surety our
have taken many degrees the schools.
the mean time while these things were
person only imploy yourselves, and forthwith upon receipt hereof, cause our right and title the crown and government this realm
proclaimed our city London and other places, your wisdoms shall seem good, and
this case appertaineth, not failing hereof our very trust you. And thus our letter,
working London. Mary, which had know ledge her brother's death, writeth the lords of the Council forin as followeth
“My lords, we greet you well, and have re seived sure advertisement, that our dearest
o
in allto in
in
so
in is
*
If
to ofso
by asas
to of
of his
asas to
beto
to ye be
all
do of so to
is in
all
at be is, asofor
of
of a
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be
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of heofas
at
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in
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of
to
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: to
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to
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to
of
to of be
it by
to to of be
no
to
to
no
in in no
to in it
all
of
ofin to by to
to a
of
719) STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553. −Proceedings against Lady Jane Grey, [720
signed with our hand, shall be your sufficient
Gates. W. Peter, W. Cecill, John Cheese, John Mason, Edw. North, Bowes. ”
warrant in this behalf. Given under our signet
at our manor of Kening-hall, the 9th of July, 1553. ”
All these aforesaid, except only the duke Northumberland, and John Gates, after To this Letter of the lady Mary, the lords of ward were either special favour, special
the Council make answer again, as followeth : “Madam, we have received your letters the 9th of this instant, declaring your supposed
general pardon, discharged.
After this Answer received, and the minds
the lords perceived, lady Mary speedeth her title, which you judge yourself to have to the self secretly away from the city, hoping
imperial crown of this realm, and the domi nions thereunto belonging. For answer where this advertise you, that for much our
sovereign lady queen Jane after the death
our sovereign lord Edward the 6th, prince
most noble memory, invested and possessed
with the just and right title the imperial
crown this realm, not only good order
chiefly upon the good will the commons, and
yet perchance not destitute altogether the
secret advertisements some the nobles.
When the Council heard her sudden depar ture and perceived her stoutness, and that
canic not pass they supposed, they ga thered speedily power men together, ap pointing army, and first assigned that the
old ancient laws this realm, but also our duke Suffolk should take that enterprise
late sovereign lord's letters patents signed with hand, and have the leading the band.
his own hand, and sealed with the great seal But afterward altering their minds, they thought
England presence the most part the best send forth the duke Northumber nobles, counsellors, judges, with divers other land, with certain other lords and gentlemen, grave and sage personages, assenting and sub and that the duke Suffolk should keep the scribing the same: we must therefore, Tower, where the lord Gilford and the lady most bound duty and allegiance, assent unto Jane the same time were lodged. the her said grace, and none other, except we which expedition the guard also, albeit they should, which faithful subjects cannot, fall into were much unwilling the first thereunto, yet grievous and unspeakable enormities. Where notwithstanding, through the vehement persua fore we can less do, but for the quiet both sions the lord treasurer, master Chomley,
the realm and you also, advertise you, and other, they were induced assist the duke, that forasmuch the divorce, made between and set forward with him.
the king famous memory, king Henry the 8th, These things thus agreed upon, and the and the lady Catharine your mother, was ne-. duke now being set forward after the best cessary had both the everlasting laws array out London, having notwithstanding
God, and also the ecclesiastical laws, and times prescribed, and journey appoint by the most part the noble and learned uni the council, the intent might not versities Christendom, and confirmed also scem any thing but upon warrant. Mary
the sundry acts parliaments remaining the mean while tossed with much travel yet their force, and thereby you justly made and down, work the surest way for her best illegitimate and unheritable the crown impe advantage, withdrew herself into the quarters rial this realm, and the rules, and dominions, Norfolk and Suffolk, where she understood and possessions the same, you will upon just the duke's name be had much hatred for consideration hereof, and divers other causes the service that had been done there of late
lawful alledged for the same, and for the under king Edward, just inheritance the right line and godly order and there gathering
pretence vex and inolest any our sove folk men; who being always forward pro reign lady queen Jane her subjects from their moting the proceedings the Gospel, pro true faith and allegiance due unto her grace mised her their aid and help, that she would assuring you, that you will for respect shew not attempt the alteration the religion,
yourself quiet and obedient, you ought, you which her brother king Edward had before es shall find and several ready you tablished, laws and orders publicly enacted, any service that we with duty may, and glad and received the consent the whole realm
taken the late king our sovereign lord king commons every side
Edward the oth, and agreed upon the nobles herself close for space within Fremingham and great personages aforesaid, surcease any castle. To whom first of all resorted the Suf
with your quietness preserve the common
state this realm wherein you may other To make the matter short, unto this condi
wise grievous unto us, yourself, and them.
And thus we bid you most heartily well fare.
From the Tower London, this 9th July, made religion, that man would 1553. Your ladyship's friends, shewing your could then have misdoubted her. Which pro self obedient subject, Thomas Canterbury, mise, she had constantly kept, they the marquis Winchester, John Bedford, did willingly preserve her with their bodies and Will. Northampton, Thomas Ely chancellor, weapons, she had done deed both worthy Northumberland, Henry Sulfolk, Henry Arun her blood, and had also made her reign more del, Shrewsbury, Pembroke, Cobham, Rich, stable herself through former tranquility. Huntingdon, Darcy, Cheyney, Cotton, John For though man never Puissant
that behalf.
tion she estsoons agreed, with such proulise made unto them that no innovation should be
subduing the rebels,
her such aid the she might, keeping
R.
as
to a
a
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do of
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of to to be
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:
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721] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. —and others, for High Treason. [722
power, yet breach of promise is an evil up which was the 25th July, she followed not
, holder of quietness, fear is worse, but cruelty is the worst of all.
Thus Mary being guarded with the power of the Gospellers, did vanquish the duke, and those that came with her. In consideration
whereof was heavy word that she answer
ed the Suffolk men afterwards, which did she took the Tower, whereas the foresaid nake supplication her grace perform her lady Jane with her husband the lord Gilford, promise: Forsomuch, saith she, you being
but ineinbers desire rule your head, you shall
one day well perceive, that members must
obey their head, and not look bear rule over
the same. And not only that, but also adjudged death, was brought forth the cause the more terror unto other, certain scaffold, and there beheaded. Albeit hav
gentleman named master Dobb, dwelling about Wyndham side, for the same cause, that for advertising her humble request her pro
ing promise, and being put hope pardon
(yea, though his head were upon the block) would recant and hear mass, cons, uted mise, was punished, being three sundry times thereto, and denied words that true religion, king Henry oths
set the pillory gazing stock unto in on.
which before time, well days, king Edward's, declared himself both exhorting also the people tholic faith, termed
had ort evidently favour and further:
On the contrary side, the duke Northum
berland having warrant under the broad
seal, with furniture readiness, took
his voyage, and was now forward his way; tion the papists did forthwith publish and set what ado there was, what stirring every side, abroad, rejoicing not little his conversion
long after, being brought the 3d day Au gust London, with the great rejoicing many men, but with greater fear more, and yet with flattery, perativenture most great,
-
Thus coming London, her first lodging
feigned hearts.
little before her coining, were imprisoned where they remained waiting her pleasure al most five months. But the duke, within month after his coming the Tower, being
return the ca Whose recanta
what sending, what riding and posting, what
letters, messages, and instructions went and
fro, what taking among the soldiers, what
heart-burning among the people, what fair pre Palmer on the other side confessed his faith tences outwardly, inwardly what privy practices that had learned the gospel, and lamented there were, what speeding ordinance daily that had not lived inore gospel like) being and hourly out the Tower, what rumours put death; the mean time queen Mary and coming down soldiers from quarters entering thus her reign with the blood these there was world was see, and process men, besides hearing mass herself the Tower,
declare, enough make whole Hins. The gave heavy shew and signi. ication hereby, but greatest help that made for the lady Mary was especially the sudden delivering Steven
the short journeys the duke, which com mission were assigned him before,
abovementioned. For the longer the duke lin
Gardiner out
minded stand
the Tower, that she was not that which she deeply
had promised
gered his voyage, the lady Mary the more cerning the not subverting altering the state
increased puissance, the hearts the people religion, very deed the surmise the being mightily bent unto her. Which after leople was therein nothing deceived.
the council London perceived, and under The 3rd February, the lord Cobham was
stood how the common multitude did with draw their hearts from them stand with her,
committed the Tower, and master Wyat en
tered into Southwark. Who, forsomuch he
could not enter that way into London, return ing another way Kingston with his army,
and that certain noblemen began the
other way, they turned their song, and pro
claimed for queen the lady Mary, eldest daugh came through the streets Ludgate, and
Temple
Clement the court,
Northumberland, being and with him the residue his army, for be council and advice sent forth against her, fore, George Harpar and almost half his was left destitute, and forsaken alone Can men ran away from him Kingston bridge, bridge with some his sons, and few other, were also taken, and about hundred killed, among whom the earl Huntingdon was and they that were taken were had prison,
one who there were arrested and brought and great many them were hanged, and the Tower London, traitors the crown, himself afterward executed the lower hill, notwithstanding that - had there proclaimed and then quartered; whose head after being her queen before. upon Haihill, was thence stolen away, and
Thus have Mary now made queer, and great search made for the same. which the sword authority put into her hand. story shall hear more, the Lord willing, here Therefore when she had been thus advanced after.
the Gospellers, and saw quiet The 12th day Feb. was beheaded the lady means that her enemies were conquered, send Jane, whom was sent master l'eckman, ing the duke captive the Tower before, alias Howman, from the queen, two days before
ter king Henry 8th, and appointed par returning thence, was resisted
liament succeed king Edward dying without Bar, and there yielded himself issue. Parson, and was brought him
And the duke
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then appeared. Northumberland, with sit
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Thomas Palmer, (which
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723] STATE TRIALS, 1 Many, 1553–Proceedings against Lady Jane Grey, [724
her death, to commune with her, and to reduce all, yet we unprofitable servants, and faith her from the doctrine of Christ to Dr. Mary's only Christ's blood saveth us.