No More Learning

The Jury then was sworn, and Proclama tions concerning Wyat's stir and rebellion
tion made, that whosoever would give Evidence Throckmorton. May
against Nicholas Throckmorton, knight, shall answer particularly
should come and heard, for the prisoner jected against me,
stood upon his deliverance whereupon ser not good, and the same much decayed since
jeant Stanford presented himself speak. my grievous imprisonment, with want sleep, Throckmorton. And may please you and other disquietncss: confess did say
yet privileged, but that you have duty +
ters otherwise than they be. For master Ser jeant, know how persuasions, enforcements,
please you that
the matters ob much my memory
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sis] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1554. —for High Treason. [874
Winter, that Wyat was desirous to speak with him, as I understood.
Bromley. Yea, say your mind.
Throckmorton. may truly deny some part this Confession; but because there no
Stanford, Yea sir, and you devised together of
the taking of the Tower of London, and of the thing material greatly, suppose the whole other great treasons. true, and what herein deposed, sufficient
Throckmorton. No, I did not so ; prove bring me within the compass the Indict Stanford. Yes sir, you met with Winter sun ment.
dry times, shall appear, and sundry places. Throckmorton. That granted, proveth
such matter supposed the indictment. Stanford read Winter's Confession, which was this effect; ‘That Throckmorton met
Stanford. appeareth that you were counsel with Wyat, inasmuch you sent Win ter down him, who uttered unto him divers
with Winter one day Tower-street, and told
Throckmorton. This since you will construe
him, that Thomas Wyat was desirous
pray you the Jury, judge better than master Serjeant doth. met chance servant master Wyat's, who demanded me for Win ter, and shewed me, that his master would gladly speak with him; and without any
speak with him, and Winter demanded where
Wyat was Throckmorton answered, his house Kent, not far from Gillingham,
heard say, where the ships lie. Then they
parted that time, and shortly after Throck
morton met with Winter, unto whom Winter further declaration, desired me, met Win said, Master Wyat doth much mislike the com ter, tell him master Wyat’s mind, and where ing the Spaniards into this realm, and fear was. Thus much for the sending down
daily Winter.
heareth thereof; doth see daily divers Attorney. Yea, sir, but how say you the
them arrive here, scattered like soldiers; and taking the Tower London, which trea
therefore thinketh good the Tower Lon son
eth their short arrival here much
traitorous devices.
-
but conjectural; yet maliciously, will recount how sent Winter Wyat and then
don should taken sleight, before the
prince came, lest that piece delivered
the Spaniards. How say you Throckmorton
it? Throckmorton answered, mislike for
Throckmorton. answer, though Wyat thought meet attempt dangerous en
terprize, and that Winter informed me
you cannot extend Wyat’s devices mine,
divers respects; even said Winter. and bring me within the compass Treason;
At another time Throckmorton met me the said Winter Paul's, when had sent one
my house seek me before; and said me, you are Admiral the Fleet that now goeth into Spain. answered, yea. Throck morton said, when will your ships ready?
said, within ten days. Throckmorton said,
understand you are appointed conduct and the better understand that did always not
carry the Lord Privy Seal into Spain; and considering the danger the Frenchmen,
think master Wyat would Englishman think well done, you put my said lord and his hurt, and this enterprize cannot done with
which you say arm them the sea apace, me
train land the West country avoid danger. Throckmorton said also, that Wyat changed his purpose, for taking the Tower
out the hurt and slaughter both parties; for
know him that hath the charge the peace, and his brother, both men good service; the
London: said was glad it; and for one had charge piece great importance, the Frenchmen, care not much for them, Boulogne mean, which was stoutly assailed, will handle the matter, that the queen's ships and notwithstanding made good account shall warrant you safeguard. Another for his time, that like am sure will do time met with Mr. Throckmorton when this his charge. Moreover, account the came from the emperor's ambassador's, unto taking the Tower very dangerous the whom declared, that the emperor had sent law. These were my words Winter. And me fair chain, and showed unto Throck besides, very unlike, that men morton, who said, For this chain you have would confederate such matter against the sold your country. said, neither French Lieutenant the Tower, whose daughter my king nor emperor that can make me sell my brother hath married, and his house and mine country, but will true Englishman: allied together marriage sundry times within then they parted. This the sum the talk these few years. - betwixt Throckmorton and Winter. ” Hare. But how say you this, that Wyat
Stanford. Now my masters the Jury, and you had conference together sundry times
have heard my sayings confirmed with
Warner's house, and other places? Throckmorton. This very general
charge, have conference; but why was
Winter's Confession morton, can you deny have Winter justify
how say you Throck you will, you shall
Throckmorton. My lords, shall that shall answer
your face.
not lawful for me confer with Wyat, please you with you, any other man then knew more Wyat, than any other; and
for what manner reasoning proof this, Wyat would have taken the Tower, ergo Throck
Traitor Winter doth make my his own Confession, even now
was master Serjeant, though say nothing; for Winter doth avow there, that
morton purgation
read
did much mislike And because you shall
allow these master Wyat’s devices, had these words Winter, when informed me it;
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sts] STATE TRIALS, 1 May, 1551–Toe Trial of Sir icholas Throckmorton, [876
prove to talk with Wyat was lawful and in
different, the last day I did talk with Wyat, I
saw my lord of Arundel, with other noblemen
and gentlemen, talk with him familiarly in the hath reformed himself. And for knowing chamber of presence. devices, was well acquainted with them,
Hare. But they did not conspire nor talk that can name none them, nor you neither, of any stir against the Spaniards as you did as matter known me.
pretend, and meant it against the queen ; for you, Croftes, Rogers and Warner, did often
Attorney. But why did you advise Winter land my lord privy seal the west country? Throckmorton. He that told you that my
times devise in Warner's house about your
traitorous purposes, or else what - did you so mind was land him there, doth partly tell
often there * you
Throekmorton. I confess I did mislike the ber well the one the other; but because
reason why said so, you would reinem queen's Marriage with Spain, and also the you are forgetful, will recite wherefore
coming of the Spaniards hither; and then me
thought I had reason to do so, for I did learn
the reasons of my misliking of you master Hare,
master Southwell, and others in the parliament
house; there I did see the whole consent of
the realm against it; and I a hearer, but no on the west coast, heard, unto whom speaker, did learn my misliking of those mat said, that peradventure not only the queen's ters, confirmed by many sundry reasons ships under his charge might injeopardy, but amongst you : but as concerning any stir or also my lord privy seal, and his train, the
uproar against the Spaniards, I never made Frenchmen being well prepared meet with any, neither procured any to be made; and them; and therefore for events were good for my much resort to master Warner's house, you should put my said lord the west coun it was not to confer with master Wyat, but to try, case you espy any jeopardy. But what shew my friendship to my very good lord the doth this prove the treasons, were not
marquis of Northampton, who was lodged able give convenient reasons my talk there when he was enlarged. - Stanford. Marry, sir, now cometh the proofs Stanford. Did not you, Throckmorton, tell your Treasons: you shall hear what Cutbert
Winter that Wyat had changed his mind for Vaughan sayeth against you.
matter, neither hath been all this time? Will you know the truth? either said not
will not abide but honestly
communication betwixt Winter and me,
declared me that the Spaniards provided bring their prince hither, the Frenchmen
prepared interrupt his arrival, for they began arm the sea, and had already certain ships
the taking of the Tower; whereby it appeared evidently that you knew of his doings?
Throckmorton. Truly I did not tell him so. but I care not greatly to give you that weapon
Then serjeant Stanford did read Vaughan's Confession tending this effect, That Vaughan
coining out Kent, met with Throckmorton
Mir. Warner's house, who after he had done to play you withal; now see what you commendations from Wyat him, desired
can make of
Stanford. Yea, sir, that proveth that you
know where Crofts was Throckmorton an swered, either Arundel house where lodg eth, Paul's. Then Vaughan desired
were privy Wyat’s mind his devices
and treasons, and that there was sending be know how things went London, saying, Mr. twixt you and Wyat from time time. Wyat and we Kent much mislike the
Throckmorton. What Mr. Serjeant, doth Marriage with Spain, and the coming the
Spaniards for divers respects; howbeit, other countries mislike them Kent doth, they shall but hardly welcome and they parted.
yet was lawful enough for me hear from were readiness come forwards; and that Wyat that time, from any other man, for sir Peter Caroe had sent unto him even now, any act that knew had done. - and that had order good band horse
Dyer. And may please you my lords, men, and another footmen. Then Vaughan and you my masters the Jury, prove that demanded what the earl Devon would do: Throckmorton principal doer this Re Throckmorton answered he will mar all, for bellion, there yet many other things will not hence; and yet Peter Caroe declared: amongst other, there Croftes's Con would meet him with band both of horsemen session, who saveth, that and you and your and footinen, the way Andover, for his
this prove against 'me, that knew Wyat did repent him evil devised enterprise
know Wyat’s repentance, but venial sin; any,
sin No,
not deadly.
Shortly after Throckmorton met with Vaughan Paul's, unto whom Throckmorton declared Wyat sent me touching his alteration and with sundry circumstances, that the western men
But where the messenger
message that
accomplices, did many times devise about the whole matters, and made you privy
his determinations, and you shewed him that
safeguard and also should have been well accompanied from hence with other gentlemen,
yet this will not move him depart hence. Moreover, the said earl hath, said, disco
vered all the whole matter to the chancellor, or
else come out his tailor, about the trim ming shirt mail, and the making
you would earl Devon, with others.
into the west country with the Peter Caroe, accompanied
yet living,
Master Crostes
not brought face face justify this morton shewed him, that had sent post
Throckmorton.
and here this day; how happeneth
cloak. At another time, Vaughan saith, Throck
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57. 7 STATE TRIALS, Mary, 1554. —for IIgh Treason. [87s
sir Peter Caroe to come forward with as much Attorney. Because you the jury the bet speed as might be, and to bring his force with ter may credit him, pray you my lords let
him. And also Throckmorton advised Vaughan Vaughan sworn.
to will Mr. Wyat come forward with his power, Then was Vaughan sworn book say for now was the time, inasmuch as the Lon nothing but the truth,
doners would take his part, if the matter were Vaughan. may please you my lords and presented unto them. Vaughan said also, that masters, could have been well content Throckmorton and Warner should have ridden have chose years imprisonment, though had with the said earl westward. Moreover, the been free man the law, rather than would said Vaughan deposed, that Throckmorton this day have given evidence against Ni shewed him in talk of the earl of Pembroke, cholas Throckmorton, unto whom bear no dis that the said earl would not fight against them, pleasure; but sithence must needs confess my though he would not take their parts. Also knowledge, must confess that there Vaughan said, That Throckmorton shewed him written true. How say you Mr. Throckmor that he would ride down to Berkshire to sir ton, was there any displeasure between you Francis Englefield's house, there to meet his el and me, move me say aught against you dest brother, to move him to take his part. And
this was the sum of Cutbert Vaughan's Confes
sion:
between you and me, and what letters cre Stanford. How say you, doth not here ap dit, token did you bring me from Wyat,
pear evident matter to prove you a principal, any other, move me trust you
who not only gave order to Peter Caroe and his adherents, for their rebellious acts the west country; but also procured Wyat make his Rebellion, appointing him and the others also, when they should attempt their enterprise,
and how they should order their doings from time time besides this evidcnt matter, you were specially appointed away with the earl Devon, one that would direct things, and give order men; and there fore Throckmorton, since this matter ma nifest, and the evidence apparent, would advise you confess your fault, and submit yourself the queen's mercy.
Bromley. How say you, will you confess the
matter? and will best for you. Throckmorton. No, will never accuse my
Vaughan. As for acquaintance, knew you did other gentlemen; and for letters,
brought you none other but commendations
from Mr. Wyat, did divers other his acquaintance London.
Throckmorton. Not, that know how say you Vaughan, what acquaintance was there
self unjustly but inasmuch hither tried, pray you law favourably.
am come me have the
done with Vaughan, my lords, pray you give nue leave to answer.
Bromley. Speak, and short.
Throckmorton. speak generally that here present, but especially you my jury, touching the credit Vaughan's Depo sitions against me, condemned man; and af.
ter the matter: and note, pray you, the circumstances, the better induce somewhat
material. First, pray you remember the small familiarity betwixt Vaughan and me,
hath avowed before you, and moreover, procure credit my hand, brought neither
letter nor token from Wyat, nor from any other me, which also hath confessed here, and
Attorney.
London factor,
apparent that you lay give intelligence well
Wyat Kent.
You might well forge the
Throckmorton.
commendations the rest; but you have
good condition say, uncon your good judg Attorney. Why, will you deny this matter? ment, whether were like that knowing only Vaughan's person from another man, and hav ing none other acquaintance with him, would
then the west,
will suppose Vaughan
any other man here, that
Throckmorton. How prove you that, who doth accuse me but this condemned man
demned man; yet refer
you shall have Vaughan justify his whole Con fession here before your face.
frankly discover my mind gerous matter. How like,
Throckmorton. shall not need, know his
not otherwise like, considering the price, but he will the same again.
him dan say, this, when captivity, be
have Vaughan justify this here before you all, And though wise man, am not rash and confirm with book oath. utter unknown man, for may call Throckmorton. He that hath said and lied, him comparison, matter dangerous for
will not, being this case, stick swear and lie.
Then was Cutbert Vaughan brought into the open Court. -
Sendall. How say you, Cutbert Vaughan, credit, may please you, Mr. Southwell, take this your own Confession, and will you abide you witness, when Vaughan first justified that here written this his unjust accusation against me before the
Vaughan. Let me see and will tell you. lord Paget, the lord chamberlain, you Mr. Then his Confession was shewed him. Southwell, and others, referred the cousir
unshamefacedness,
he hath avowed some this untrue talk before this time my face; and
divers these gentlemen now
ing my very familiars, could not depose any
such matter against me, and nevertheless upon Attorney. My lords and masters, you shall their examinations have said what they could
ine speak, and him hear; but because
my truth and falshood shall the better ap pear unto you, will declare inconstancy uttering this evidence; and for my better
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*70] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1554. —The Trial of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, [sso
mation of this surmised matter to a letter sent from him to Tho. Wyat which letter doth neither appear, nor any Testimony the said Mr. Wyat against me touching the matter; for
doubt not Tho. Wyat hath been examined me, and hath said what could directly
indirectly. Also Vaughan saith, that young Edward Wyat could confirm this matter, one that knew this pretended discourse betwixt Vaughan and me; and thereupon made suit that Edward Wyat might either brought face face me, otherwise examined.
‘without violence confess the same. ’ And also
the 6th year his reign, thus ratified
ensueth “That person nor persons shall indicted, arraigned, condemned, convicted
“or attainted of the Treasons Offences afore
‘said, for any other Treasons that now be, hereafter shall be, unless the same offen ‘der offenders thereof accused by two “lawful and sufficient accusers; which the
‘time Arraignment the parties accused, “if they then living, shall brought per ‘son before the said party accused, and avow
Southwell. Mr. Throckmorton, you mistake
your matter, for Vaughan said, that Edward ‘the said party, prove him guilty the
Wyat did know some part the matter, and also was privy the letter that Vaughan sent
“Treasons offence contained the Bill of ‘Indictment laid against the party arraigned, ‘unless the said party arraigned shall wil ‘ling without violence confess the same. ’—
Tho. Wyat.
Throckmorton. Yea, sir, that was Vaughan's
last shift, when charged him before the mas Here note pray you, that our law doth re ter the horse, and you, with his former alle quire two lawful and sufficient Accusers be gations touching his witness; whom when brought face face, and Vaughan but one, espied, would not lewdly thought, and the same most unlawful and insufficient: then he used this alteration: but where Edw. for who can more unlawful and insufficient
Wyat's depositions any thing against me, than condemned man, and such one
where Vaughan's letter sent
concerning my talk? —But now
Vaughan's present estate, that con demned man, whose testimony nothing worth
suffer any pains
death, imprisonment, only power over his body, lands, and goods, his goods, lands, &c. un but over his life also.
accused two suffi Stanford. Yea, the exceptions are
Tho. Wyat will speak
jured accuse, (which God's grace with
stood until the last hour) what time perceiving there was way live, but speak against
mc some other, former grace being taken
away, did redeem his life most unjustly and shamefully, you see.
Hare. Why should accuse you more than any other, seeing there was displeasure be
St. Jerome false witness. fore hath made
and maintain that they have say against
now appeareth neither his first nor his last tale true For you know, Mr. Bridges,
knoweth accuse me the mean save his
and doth my lord your brother, that sired twice thrice Edw. Wyat should amined; and am sure, and most assured,
hath been willed say what could, and here nothing deposed him against me, either
touching any letter other conference;
own life? Remember, pray you, now long
Woo,
de and how many times execution hath
ex been respited, and how often hath been con->
any law; and because false witness men twixt you, the matter had not been true? " tioned the Gospel, treating Accusation, Throckmorton. Because must either heark pray you what St. Jerome saith, ex speak some man, suffer death; and then pounding the place demanded why he did rather choose hurt him he did least Christ's accusers be called false witnesses, know, and loved least, than any other well which did report Christ's words not known him, whom loved most. But spake them they false witnesses, saith St. you my Jury speak especially, and there Jerome, which do add, alter, wrest, double fore pray you note what say matter
speak for hope avoid death, for malice less weight than trial life and land, man procure another man's death for men may the law take Exceptions such be
may easily gather cannot speak truly me, impanneled, try the controversies betwixt
the case hath hope
another man's life, where the parties: for example, man may chal his own accusation. Thus lenge that the sheriff his enemy, and there
much speaketh
By the civil law there many exceptions one the jury
partial return, because the sheriff my adversary's ser case my adversary's villain
taken against such Testimonics; but because vant; and also
we not governed that law, neither have bondman
my trial shall superfluous trouble challenge him, because the adversary part hath you therewith, and therefore you shall hear power over his villain's lands and goods, and what your own law doth say. There was bath the use his body for servile office: much statute made my late sovereign lord and more may right take exception Vaughan's master his time, touching Accusation, and Testimony, my life and that have depend
these be the words: “Be enacted, That ing thereupon and the same Vaughan being ‘person persons, &c. shall indicted, ar more bound the queen's highness, than my raigned, condemned, convicted for any os adversary, (that woe me therefore, but the “fence Treason, Petit Treason, Misprsion law doth here term her majesty) than any “of Treason, for which the same offender shall villian his lord; for her highness hath not
loss forfeiture
“less the same offender
“cient and lawful witnesses, shall willingly taken against the Jury that case but not
empanneled, may lawfully
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881] STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1554. —for IIigh Treason. [S82
against the witness or accuser, and therefore which had most godly and virtuous prince your argument serveth little for you. - reign over us, Iny late sovereign iord and mas Throckmorton. That is not so, for the use ter king Edward, under whom we might both of the Jury, and the witness, and the effect of safely and lawfully profess God's word which
their doings doth serve me to my purpose, as with our lewd doings, demeanor, and living, we the law shall discuss. And thus I make my handled irreverently, that whip for our
comparison : by the civil law the judge doth faults, would send strangers, yea such give Sentence upon the Depositions of the wit very tyrants exercise great tyranny over us,
ness, and by your law the Judge doth give and did take away the virtuous and faithful Judgment upon the verdict of the Jury, so as king from amongst us; for every man every
the effect is both one to finish the matter, trial estate did colour his naughty affections with in law, as well by the depositions of the wit presence religion, and made the gospel ness, as by the jury's verdict, though they vary stalking horse bring their evil desires
in form and circumstance; and so Vaughan's effect. This was the sum our talk Paul's, testimony being credited, may be the material somewhat more dilated.
cause of Iny condemnation, as the jury may be Stanford. That may appear yet more induced by deposition speak their verdict, evidently how Throckmorton was principal and finally thereupon the judge give sen doer and counsclor this matter, you shall tence. Therefore may use the same excep hear his own Confession his own hand writ tions against the jury, any them, the ing. The Cle:k did begin read Throck Principal mean, that shall occasion my condem morton desired master Stanford read and ilation. the Jury well mark Then master Stan
Brously. Why, you deny, that every ford did read the prisoner's own Confession part Vaughan's tale untrue this effect, That Throckmorton had conference
Littorney. You may see will deny all, with Wyat, Caroe, Crottes, Rogers, and War and say there was such communication be ner, well the queen's Marriage with the
Vaughan's Confession true, the name, the matters aforesaid. Moreover, with sir
the places, the time, and some part the mat Thomas Wyat, the prisoner talked the bruit, ter. that the Western Men should much mislike the
Attorney. you the Jury may perceive coming the Spaniards into this realm, being the prisoner doth confess something true.
reported also that they intended interrupt
their arrival here. And also that was said,
that they were consultation about the same Exeter. Wyat also did say, that Peter repair hither, touching the earl Devon Caroe could not bring the same matter good
twixt them.
prince Spain, also Religion, and did Throckmorton. confess some part particularly confer with every the forenamed
Throckmorton. sir Peter Caroe, cerning iny advice
As touching my sending
his sending me, con
Mr. Wyat stir,
parting hence, and my going with him, and also effect, nor was there any man concerning the matter the earl Pembroke, good effect, the earl
avow and say that Vaughan hash said pecially the west country,
meet bring Devon and es
much
untruly. they did not draw one line. Then Southwell. As for my lord Pembroke, Throckmorton asked how the Kentisbunen were
you need not excuse the matter, for hath affected the Spaniards Wyat said, the shewed himself clear these matters like no people like then evil nough, and that appear bleman, and that we all know. now the coming the count Egmont,
Throckmorton. they were
and yet oftener than twice; but sithence their country. Then Throckmorton should you would know what communication passed say, though know there hath been unkind
betwixt Paul's church, will declare. ness betwixt master Southwell and you for We talked of the incommodities of the Mar money matter, wherein travelled make
riage the queen with the prince Spain, you friends, doubt not, but honest and how grievous the Spaniards would atter this will for the safeguard of
here. Vaughau said, that should very country join with you, and you may dangerous for any man that truly professed the sure the lord Burgainey and his force. gospel live here, such was the Spaniards Then Wyat said, for another matter than cruelty, and especially against christian men. for money that we disagree, wherein lath Whereunto answered, was the plague handled me and others very doubly and un God come justly upon us; and now Almighty neighbouily; how beit, can other, God dealt with us, did with the Israelites, neither me, nor any other man, and there taking from them for their unthankfulness their fore forgive him. ltern, with Peter Ca godly kings, and did send tyrants reign over roe, Throckmotun had conference touching
them even handled Englishmen, the impeachinctit the landing the said WOL.
Hare. Why what was the talk betwixt for they were ready stir against him and his Vaughan and you long Paul's, these train, supposing had been the prince; but were not so, and what meant your oft nect said Wyat, Robt. Southwell, master Baker, ings
and master Moyle, and their allinity, which be As for our often meetings, good credit some places the shire, will purpose, but chance, for other malicious respects hinder the liberty
I.
to us no
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so
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ss3] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1554. —The Trial of Nicholas Throckmorton, [884 prince, and touching provision armour and one that should into the West-country with
ammunition, ensuelli that say, that sir Peter Caroe told Throckmorton, that trust ed his countrymen would true Englishmen,
and would not agree the Spaniards
govern them. Item, the said, Peter Caroe said, the matter importing the French king
Throckmorton. But what doth the principal
author this matter say against me, mean
the lord Thomas Grey, who yet living
not his Deposition brought against me, for
ought be, can say any thing? Will you know the truti, Neither the lord Tito. Grey hath said, can say, will say any thing against use, not withstanding the duke his brother's Confession and Accusation, who hath affilmed many other things besides the truth.
speak not without certain knowledge: for the lord homas Grey, being my prison-fellow for small time, informed me, that the duke his
did, thought the French king would work lunder the Spaniards coming hither, with whom the said Pete did think good practise for armour, ammunitions and money.
hen Throck norton did advise him beware
that brou. any Frenchmen into the realin
forceably, witch could abide
the Freichmon after that sort the Spaniords.
And also Throckmorton thought the French brother had misreported him many things,
king unable give aid means the
amongst others matters touching me, which had declared you Mr. Southwell, and
great consumption
Uaroe said,
Frenchmen,
neither party, but serve his own country, anything, should have been here now And
and declaring had practise
help his country from bondage the duke's Confession, not material,
their own wars. torching the bringing
Master loved
other the examiners not long ago. am sure the lord Thomas could would have said
meant not,
the earl of i)evonshire.
brockmorton, that for he doth refer the matter the lord Tho his own work his mas's report, who hath made my purgation.
said, that shortly Attorney. And please you my Lords, and his own country you my masters the Jury, besides these mat
sir Edw. Warner, had and did bemoan
further small bark
and intended depart
understand the devotion his country ters touching Wyat's Rebellion, Peter Ca men. Item, Throckmorton did say, would rve's Treasons, and confederating with the for his part hinder the coming the Spani duke Suffolk; and besides the prisoner's ards much could persuasion. Item,
his own estate, and the tyranny
extended upon divers honest persons gion, and wished were lawful
Conspiracy with the earl Devon, with Crofts, Rogers, Warner, and sundry others sundry places, shall manifestly appear unto you, that
conscience; for the law, officio, will in crable, and the clergy's discipline now inay rather resembled the Turks tyranny, than
the teaching Christian religion. This was the sum the matter, which was read the
which the greatest matter others, and most abhorred and for the proof hereof you shall hear what Arnold saith. Then was
Nich. Arnold's Confession read, affirming
that Throckmorton shewed unto him, riding betwixt Hinam and Crosse Laund Glouces:
become me, my words not perverted and abused the hurt some others, and espe cially against the great personagos, whom
Confession.
Throckmorton. any such thing
appeareth Arnold's
the time
reli Throckmorton did conspire the queen's majes
each ty's Death with Win. Thomas, Nich. Ar ieligion live safely according their con nald, and other Traitors intending the same;
foresaid confession, matters most grievous
against the prisoner. Then Throckmorton tershire, that John Fitzwilliams was very much
said, sithence Mr. Serjeant you have read and
gathered the place you think, that maketh
most against me, pray you take the pains,
and read further, that hereafter whatsoever morton knew
have been sundry times (as appeareth my honest man, may either forget him answers) examined for perceive the rict was se's, devise means how unburthen him not cast only for little fishes, but for the great “cit weighty matter this for
ones, jur’a adugium. charged with the matter principal, which
Stanford. shall but loss time, and did perceive when charged me with his
we have other things charge von witholi, and tale and therefore do blame him the less,
this that you desire doth make nothing you. that seeketh how discharge himself, using Dyer. And for the better confirmation me witness, he could transfer the de
nll the Treasons objected against the prisoner, vice Wm. Thomas. But truly, never and therein prove him guilty, you the spake any such words unto him; and for my Jury shall hear the duke Suffolk's Deposi better Declaration, did see John Fitzwilliams tions against him, who was principal, and here even now, who can testify, that never hath suffered accordingly. Then the said Ser shewed me any displeasure betwixt them:
jeant read the duke's Confession touching the and know nothing the displeasure be
prisoner, amounting this effect; That the twixt them, know uothing
the cause. called de
the bar,
lord Thomas Grey did inform the said duke, that Nich. Throckmorton was privy the whole devices against the Spaniards, and was
play you, my lords, let him
pose this matter what can. Then John Fitzwilliams drew
displeased with William Thomas.
Attorney. Wm. Thomas devised, that John
Fitzwilliams should kill the queen; and Throck
First, deny that Mr. Arnold; and though
said
sir
to to ofbe to
tohe
as ato he to
in
I to a he
so
tois it of be
of
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as sir
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Sir go
s85] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1554. —for High Treason.
[885
said, that the council, was
your patience,
* and presented himself to depose his knowledge in the matter in open court.
Zittorney. I pray you, my lords, suffer him
not to be sworn, neither to speak ; we have nothing to do with him.
Throckmorton. Why should he not be sus. fered to tell truth And why be ye not so well contented to hear truth for me, as untruth against me *
Hare. Notwithstanding
had written and confessed true.
Throckmorton. Nay, sir,
or commanded you to speak you are a very busy officer.
Throckmorton. I called him, and do humbly desire that he may speak and be heard as well as Vaughan, or clse I am not indifferently
for have been close prison these days, where head nothing but what the birds told
me, which did over my head. And now you my Jury speak especially, whom de
sire mark attentively, what shall said: used; especially seeing master Attorney doth have been indicted, appeareth, and now so press this matter against me. am arraigned compassing the queen's ma
Southwell. Go you ways Fitzwilliams, the jesty's death, levying war against the queen, court hath notining to do with you ; peradven taking the Tower London, deposing ture you would not be so ready in a good and depriving the queen her royal estate, cause.
and finally destroy her, and adherence Then John Fitzwilliams departed the court, the queen's encinies. Of which Treasons, and was not suffered to speak. prove me guilty, the queen's learned council
Throckmorton. Since this gentleman's De hath given Fvidence these points material claration may not be admitted, I trust you of that say, for the compassing imagining
that it was feared he would speak for me. which that should say the said Ni And now to master Arnold's Depositions cholas Gloucestershire, that master John against me, I say I did not tell him any such Fitzwilliams was angry with Win. Thomas. words; so as if it were material, there is but Whereunto have answered, you have his yea and my nay. Hut because the words heard, both denying the matter; and for the be not sore strained against me, I pray you, proof my side, take exception, because master Attorney, why might not I have told there no witness but one. And neverthe master Arnold, that John Fitzwilliams was less, though were granted, the Depositions angry with Wm. Thomas, and yet know no prove nothing concerning the queen's death.
master Wyat said not so, that was master doc tor's Addition.
Southwell. appeareth you have added good intelligence.
Throckmorton. Almighty God provided that Hare. Who called you hither, Fitzwilliams, revelation for me this day since came hither
the Jury can perceive, it was not for any thing the queen's death, and the destruction her he had to say against me; but contrarywise, royal person, Nich. Arnold's Depositions;
cause of the anger ? it might be understood, to disagree oftentimes. Who doth confess that I
For levying war against the queen, there
ailedged my conference with Tho. Wyat, sir James Crofts, sir Edw. Rogers, sir Fow. Warner, against the Marriage with Spain, and
know anything of Wm. Thomas's device touch
ing the queen's Death I will answer, no man :
for master Arnold doth mention no word of the coining the Spaniards hither; which talk
that matter, but of the displeasures betwixt not deny sort spake and meant them ; and to speak that, doth neither prove it; and notwithstanding the malicious gather Treason, nor knowledge of Treason. Is here ing this day my conference, proveth yet
the Evidence against me that you have levying war. There also alledged for bring me within the compass the Indictment. proof the same Article, James Croft's
Stanford. Methink the matters confessed Confession, which you remember implieth by others against you, together with your own no such thing, but general talk against the
confession, will weigh shrewdly. But how say you the Rising Kent, and Wyat's at tempt against the queen's royal person her palace
Bromley. Why you not read Wyat's Ac
cusation him, which doth make him partner to his Treasons?
Southwell. you, and
firmed.
Wyat has grievously accused many things that others have con
his brother's mouth, who hath made my pur gation those matters, and yet the matter were proved, they not greatly material
Throckmorton. Whatsoever Wyat hath said me hope his life, unsaid his
death. For since came into this Hall,
heard one say (but know him not) that Wyat, upon the scaffold, did not only purge my lady
Elizabeth her grace, and the earl Devonshire,
but also the gentlemen ing, they were ignorant
motion which Lumber
law. There also alledged for the further proof the same Article, and for deposing and depriving the queen her royal estate, and for my adhering the queen's enemies, Cuthbert Vaughan's Confession, whose testimony have sufficiently disproved sundry authorities and circumstances, and principally your own
Marriage with Spain, and my departing westward with the earl Devon, which the said James doth not avow, and therefore pray you consider not spoken. There also for proof the said article, the duke Suf folk's Confession, with whom never had con ference; and therefore avouched the tale
the Tower, say
the stir and com law, which doth require two lawful and suffici
take myself. ent witnesses brought face face. Also
;
in all
:;
to
to be
it as
of in
of it I in to
of Isir ofof
I fly
in
It
all
of
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in
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58
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I
to
ess] STATE TRIALs, Many, 1591–The Trial of Nicholas Throckmorton, (sss
for the taking the Tower London, there pleasure was, that whatsoever could brought alledged Winter's Depositions, which utter the favour the subject, should adult eth my misliking, when uttereth unto me ted heard. And moreover, that you spe
sir Thomas Wyat's resolution and device for at cially, and likewise other justices, should tempting the said peace. And last all, not persuade themselves judgment enforce these matters, mine own Confession otherwise for her highness, than for her sub
engrieved greatly against me, wherein there ject. Therefore this manner indifferent doth appear neither Treason, neither conceal proceeding being principally enjoined God's
ment Treason, neither whispering Trea
commandment, which had thought partly have remembered you and others here com
}.
law, though my innocency
son, nor procurement Treason.
And for
tried the mission the
beginning, might
much
come hither
have had these points leave; and the same also being commanded acquit me, you the queen's own mouth, methink you
material objected, apparent
whereunto principally cleave; yet will for your better credit and satisfactions shew
ought right suffer me have the statutes read openly, and also reject nothing that
you evidently, that you would believe the could spoken Iny defence and thus Depositions laid against me, which trust you doing you shall shew yourselves worthy mi
will not do, ought not attainted the Treason comprised within my Indictment, con
nisters, and for worthy mistress. Bromley. You mistake the matter,
queen spake Morgan
$o
ment, all Treasons, other than such
sidering the
Repeal parlia the last
chief justice
those words master
the Common Pleas; but you
be
declared the 25th year king Edward
both which Statutes pray you my lords may
read here the inquest.
Bromley. No, for there shall books
brought your desire; we know the law sus ficiently without book.
Throckmorton. Do you bring me hither try me the law, and will not shew me the law What your knowledge the law these men's satisfactions, which have my trial
have suffered
cause talk
complain, for you have been your pleasure.
all, let the statutes read, well for the where dotii arise any doubt the law,
queen, for me.
Stanford. My lord chief justice can shew
the law, and will, the Jury doubt any point.
Throckmorton. You know were indiffe rent that should know and hear the law whereby am adjudged and forasmuch
the Statute English, men meaner learn
judges here inform the court; and now you but spend time. -
Attorney. pray you my lord chief justice
repeat the Evidence for the queen, and give Jury their Charge, for the prisoner will keep you here day.
Bromley. How say you, have you any more say for yourself?
ing than the Justices, can understand how should we know when we offend
Hare. You know not what belongeth
else
You seem give and offer very deed have only
read openly the Book, will your tience guess them, may, and pray you
help mistake, long since see them. The Statute Repeal made
the last parliament hath these words, ‘Be
enacted the queen, that from hencesorth. none act, deed, offence, being act
parliament statute made Treason, Petit Treason, Misprision Treason, words,
your case, and therefore must teach you appertaineth not provide books for
you, neither we here taught you you should have taken better heed the law
form and the image
before you had come hither. Throckmorton. Because
would learn, and therefore see the law, and partly
gructions the Jury,
tion, which methink, were for the honour this presence. And now please you my lord chiefjustice, direct my speech speci
What time pleased the queen's
call you this honourable office, great personage her highness's privy council, that amongst other good instruc tions, her majesty charged and enjoined you
ally you. majesty,
‘ed, adjudged Treason, Petit Treason,
did learn
only such “Treason,
declared, expressed
act parliament made Edward 3d, touching and
am ignorant, have more need
well for the in for my own satisfac
minister the law and justice indifferently
without respect persons. And notwith. see this statute doth refer the offences afore
standing the old error amongst you, which did said, the statute the 25th Edward 3d,
not admit any witness speak, any other which statute hath these words touching and matter be heard the favour of the adver concerning the Treasons that am indicted
sary, her jesty being party, her highness's and arraigned of; that say, ‘Whosoe"
What would you with the Statute the Jury doth not require they have heard the Evidence, and they must upon their
conscience try whether you guilty
the book needeth not they will not credit
Hare. Book
Cholmley.
hand pray you, my lords, and my lords books read here your appointment,
the Evidence they have
apparent, then they know what do.
Throckmorton. me the law, but
You ought not have any
the law; nevertheless, since cannot be suffered to have the statutes
other “wise whatsoever, shall taken, had, deem
‘writing, printing, ciphering, deeds,
“in the 25th year
concerning Treasons, and the Declarations
“Treasons, and none other. ” Here may you
to
itifas totowe; it asII be
of
toto inbe istois
to
to Iasbyatof asof
in ofto of I I in I of
a is I sit in is to
do
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in
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but
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8S9] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1534. —for High Treason. [800
ing these words, “By people their condi
tion,' Iny lord chief justice here hath declared the truth; for Wyat was one your condition, that say, your conspiracy.
Hare. You not deny, Throckmorton,
but that there hath been conference, and send
ing between Wyat and you, and and Winter
doth contess the same, with others;
plain, Wyat may well called one your condition.
Throckmorton. Well, seeing you my Judges rule the understanding these words the my Indictment, which but matter alledged, Statute, “By people your condition,” thus
where doth appear the open deed any com strangely against me, will not stand longer passing imagining the queen's death; upon them. But where doth appear me where doth appear any open deed being ad open deed, whereunto the Treason specially herent the queen's enemies, giving them referred
• doth compass or imagine, the death of the “king, or levy war against the king in realm,
being adherent this realm,
the king's enemies with
‘probably attainted
their condition, shall adjudged
elsewhere, and
thcreof people
Traitor. " Now pray you my Jury which have my life trial, note well what things this day be Treasons, and how these Treasons must be tried and discerned, that say, open deed, which the laws doth some time term
overt act. And now
ask, notwithstanding
aid and confort where doth appear any
open deed taking the Tower London Bromley. Why not you the Queen's learned counsel answer him? Methink Throck
morton, you need not have the Statutes, for have them meetly perfectly.
Bromley. three four talk, devise, and conspire together traiterous act
done, and afterwards one them doth commit Treason, Wyat did then the law doth re pute theim, and every them their acts;
open deed
Stanford. You are deceived,
Treasons the statute the 25th
3rd for that Statute but Declaration
certain Treasons, which were Treasons before man's act, whereof was not privy, should at the common law. Even there doth re
conclude Edw. the
Throckmorton. These marvellous exposi tions, and wonderful implications, that another
main divers other treasons this day the
common law, which not expressed that
statute, the Judges can declare. Neverthe
less, there matter sufficient alledged and
proved against you bring you within the the stir. And my lord here hath said, the compass the same statute. law always doth adjudge him traitor, which
Throckmorton. pray you express those was privy and doth procure treason, any
other man commit treason, traiterous
ment, shall this case accounted your open deed. We have common case the law, one should disseise you your land, the law holdeth both wrong doers,
matters that bring me within the compass
the Statute Edw. the 3rd; for the words be
act, you did Wyat, and others; for the
these, open “And thereof attainted deed
people like condition. ’ - Bromley. Throckmorton, you deceive your
P. your procure overt act those which did
self, and mistake these words, “by people
their condition;' for thereby the law doth un
derstand the discovering your treasons. As and giveth remedy well against the one
for example, Wyat and the other rebels, at tained for their great treasons, already declare
you and their adherent, much divers and sundry times you had conference with him and them about the treason
Wyat now one your condition; who the world knoweth, hath committed open traiterous fact.
the other.
Throckmorton. For God's sake apply not such constructions against me; and though my present estate doth not move you, yet were well you should consider your office, and think what measure you give others, you your selves say shall assuredly receive the same again. The state mortal life such, that
very strange and singular understanding. For suppose the meaning the law-makers
try the party arraigned, guilty not guilty, you master Hare, and you inacter Stanford and nothing the bewraying the offence the Parliament louse, where you did another man's act you say for what have make laws, expound and explain the ambi
with Wyat’s acts, that was not nigh him guities and doubts law sincerely, and that
100 miles?
Attorney. Will you take upon you skill
better the law than the Judges? doubt not
but you the Jury will credit becometh otl.
Cholmley. Concerning the true understand
did understand these words, “By people
their condition,’ the state and condition
those persons which should the inquest conclude, have remembered and learned of
Wyat's acts imply and argue your open deed, and the law doth term and take
accounted mine; for Wyat did purge me that knew nothing his stir.
Hare. Yea, Sir, but you were principal procurer and contriver Wyat's Rebellion, though you were not with him when made
Throckmorton. By your leave, my lord, this men know full little what hangeth over them.
put within this months such mind, that most woeful wight, was unlike stand here, some you that there. As
your case last recited, whereby you would
without affections: There say, learned you, and others my masters the law, this difference betwixt such cases you remem bered one even now, and the Statute whereby
am tried. There Maxim prin ciple the law, which ought not violated,
into be
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is
of
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as
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:
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801] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1554. —The Trial of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton.